View source for Biology:Eocypraeidae

{{Short description|Family of gastropods}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Sphaerocypraea incomparabilis (MNHN-IM-2000-3556).jpeg
|image_caption = Shell of ''Sphaerocypraea incomparabilis'' 
|taxon = Eocypraeidae
|authority = F. A. Schilder, 1924
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="WoRMS" />
|synonyms = 
|type_genus = 
|subdivision_ranks = Genera
|subdivision = See text
|display_parents = 3
}}

'''Eocypraeidae''' is a small family of large [[Biology:Sea snail|sea snail]]s, marine gastropod [[Biology:Mollusc|mollusc]]s in the superfamily [[Biology:Cypraeoidea|Cypraeoidea]], the cowries and cowry allies. <ref name="WoRMS">MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Eocypraeidae F. A. Schilder, 1924. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=878564 on 2022-06-19</ref>

The family Eocypraeidae consists mainly of fossil species, except for two species: ''Sphaerocypraea incomparabilis'' Briano, 1993 (regarded as valid) and an as yet undescribed species found in the southern Atlantic.<ref>{{Cite journal
  | last = Fehse
  | first = D
  | title = Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Ovulidae (Mollusca: Cypraeoidea). VIII. Einleitung zur Familie sowie Katalog, Taxonomie und Bibliographie und Bemerkungen zu verwandten Gruppen.
  | journal = Acta Conchyliorum 
  | volume = 5
  | year = 2001
  }}</ref>

In 1963, a fresh [[Biology:Gastropod shell|shell]] of what was subsequently named ''Sphaerocypraea incomparabilis'' was dredged up by a Soviet trawler in the Gulf of Aden. There are currently (2009) only six known specimens of this shell in various collections.<ref>{{Cite web
  | last = Conniff
  | first = Richard
  | title = Mad About Seashells
  | publisher = Smithsonian magazine
  | date = August 2009
  | url = http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Mad-About-Shells.html?c=y&page=5
  | access-date = 2010-01-02
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100222022107/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/Mad-About-Shells.html?c=y&page=5
  | archive-date = 2010-02-22
  | url-status = dead
  }}</ref>

== Taxonomy ==
The taxonomy of Eocypraeidae is not fully understood and has undergone several modifications.

=== 2005 taxonomy ===
According to the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) this family belonged to the tribe Eocypraeini in the subfamily Ovulinae within the family [[Biology:Ovulidae|Ovulidae]].

=== 2007 taxonomy ===
Fehse (2007)<ref name="Fehse 2007">Fehse D. (2007). "Contributions to the knowledge of the Ovulidae. XVI. The higher systematics". ''Spixiana'' '''30'''(1): 121-125. [http://www.pfeilbook.de/04biol/pdf/spix30_1_13.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302004046/http://www.pfeilbook.de/04biol/pdf/spix30_1_13.pdf |date=2012-03-02 }}.</ref> has raised the tribe Eocypraeini to the status of the family Eocypraeidae, based on morphological research of the [[Biology:Radula|radula]]e, [[Biology:Mollusc shell|shell]] and animal [[Biology:Morphology|morphology]] and molecular phylogeny research of the [[Biology:16S ribosomal RNA|16S ribosomal RNA]] [[Biology:Gene|gene]].<ref name="Fehse 2007"/>

===2016 taxonomy ===
Dolin thought that Eocypraeidae was part of the subfamily Prionovolvinae Fehse, 2007 in the family [[Biology:Ovulidae|Ovulidae]]. <ref>Dolin, L. & Aguerre, O. (2016): Les Cypraeidae et les Ovulidae (Mollusca : Caenogastropoda) du Cuisien (Yprésien moyen) du bassin de Paris (France). Cossmanniana, 18: 18-37, pls. 1-6. </ref>

This line of thought was followed by Reijnen & van der Meij (2019) <ref>Reijnen, B.T. & van der Meij, S.E.T. (2019): Systematics of the subfamily Aclyvolvinae (Caenogastropoda: Ovulidae) based on molecular and morphometric analyses. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 85: 336-347, text figs. 1-6, tabs. 1-2.</ref> and even for a while by the database [[Organization:World Register of Marine Species|WoRMS]] and Zvonareva et al., 2020,<ref>Zvonareva, S.S., Mekhova, E.S., Hoang, D.T., Nguyen, T.H.T., VO, H.T. & Fedosov, A.E. (2020): Diversity and relationships of shallow-water Ovulidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Vietnam. Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 149 (2): 113-146, text figs. 1-16, tabs. 1-4. </ref> each relying on a previous author.

===2021 taxonomy===
In 2021 Fehse accepted the systematic position of Eocypraeidae  as valid and more consistent. Still he urges for a complete revision of the Eocypraeidae as well as the fossil Cypraeidae based exclusively on the type shells. <ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349731176 Fehse, D. (2021). The systematic position of the Eocypraeidae F.A. Schilder 1924 Part 2 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeoidea). Privately published, Dirk Fehse, Berlin. 1-46]</ref>

== Genera ==
Genera within the family Eocypraeidae include:
; Eocypraeinae <small>F. A. Schilder, 1924</small>
* †  ''Allmoniella'' <small>Dolin & Dockery, 2018</small> 
* †  ''Apiocypraea'' <small>F. A. Schilder, 1927</small> 
** [[Biology:Extinction|†]] ''Apiocypraea davidi'' <small>(Fontannes, 1880)</small>
** [[Biology:Extinction|†]] ''Apiocypraea parvoastensis'' <small>(Sacco, 1894)</small>
** [[Biology:Extinction|†]] ''Apiocypraea spatiosa'' <small>Fehse, 2003</small>
* †  ''Cypropterina'' <small>de Gregorio, 1880</small> 
* †  ''Eocypraea'' <small>Cossmann, 1903</small> It is extinct since the end of the [[Earth:Eocene|Eocene]]. This is the [[Biology:Type genus|type genus]] of the family.
* †  ''Eschatocypraea'' <small>F. A. Schilder, 1966</small> 
* †  ''Grovesia'' <small>Dolin & Ledon, 2002</small> 
* †  ''Oxycypraea'' <small>F. A. Schilder, 1927</small> 
* †  ''Taviania'' <small>Dolin & Pacaud, 2009</small> 
* †  ''Borystheniella'' <small>Pacaud, 2018</small>  (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, controversed status)
; Sulcocypraeinae <small>Schilder, 1932</small>
* †  ''Gaskoinia'' <small>Roberts, 1870</small> (assignmrnt uncertain)
* †  ''Luponovula'' <small>Sacco, 1894</small> †
* ''[[Biology:Sphaerocypraea|Sphaerocypraea]]'' <small>F. A. Schilder, 1927</small>
* †  ''Sulcocypraea'' <small>Conrad, 1865</small> 
* †  ''Willungia'' <small>Powell, 1938</small> 

;Synonyms:
* ''Chimaeria'' <small>Briano, 1993</small>: synonym of ''Sphaerocypraea'' <small>F. A. Schilder, 1927</small>
* †  ''Marginocypraea'' <small>Ingram, 1947</small>: synonym of ''Sphaerocypraea'' <small>F. A. Schilder, 1927</small>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
* Fehse, D. (2013). Zur systematischen stellung der Eocypraeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda): Cypraeoidea). Palaeontographica A299: 127-148.

== Further reading ==
*{{cite book|last = Lorenz|first=F.|author2=D.Fehse|title = The living Ovulidae - A manual of the families of allied cowries Ovulidae, Pediculariidae and Eocypraeidae|publisher = ConchBooks|location= Hackenheim|year = 2009|pages = 650 pp}}
*{{Cite journal
  | last = Fehse
  | first = D
  | title = Seven contributions to the knowledge of fossil and recent Cypraeidae, Eocypraeidae & Pediculariidae 
  | journal = Acta Conchyliorum 
  | volume = 10
  | pages = 101 pp
  | year = 2009
  }}
*{{Cite journal
  | last = Fehse
  | first = D.
  | title = A new fossil species in the gastropod family Eocypraeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cypraeoidea) from the Mediterranean Pliocene.
  | journal = La Conchiglia
  | volume = 36
  | issue = 311
  | pages = 37–40
  | year = 2004
  }}

==External links==
* [http://img465.imageshack.us/i/dscn3687b3cc.jpg/ An image of the shell of ''Sphaerocypraea incomparabilis'']{{dead link|date=June 2023|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5381644}}

[[Category:Eocypraeidae| ]]
[[Category:Cypraeoidea]]

{{Sourceattribution|Eocypraeidae}}