View source for Biology:Fostoria dhimbangunmal

{{Short description|Extinct species of reptile}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ''Fostoria''
| fossil_range = [[Earth:Late Cretaceous|Late Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|Cenomanian}}
| image = Fostoria braincase.jpg
| image_caption = 3D rendering of the braincase
| taxon = Fostoria
| authority = Bell ''et al.'', 2019
| type_species = {{extinct}}'''''Fostoria dhimbangunmal'''''
| type_species_authority = Bell ''et al.'', 2019
}}

'''''Fostoria''''' (named after Robert Foster who discovered the type locality and bones; the specific name {{lang|kld|dhimbangunmal}} means "sheep yard" in the languages of the Yuwaalaraay, Yuwaalayaay, and Gamilaraay peoples of Australia) is a genus of [[Biology:Iguanodontia|iguanodontia]]n [[Biology:Ornithopod|ornithopod]] [[Biology:Dinosaur|dinosaur]] from the [[Earth:Griman Creek Formation|Griman Creek Formation]] of New South Wales, {{wipe|Australia}}. The [[Biology:Type species|type]] and only species, '''''Fostoria dhimbangunmal''''' was described in 2019.<ref name=Bell2019>{{Cite journal|author1=Phil R. Bell |author2=Tom Brougham |author3=Matthew C. Herne |author4=Timothy Frauenfelder |author5=Elizabeth T. Smith |year=2019 |title=''Fostoria dhimbangunmal'', gen. et sp. nov., a new iguanodontian (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the mid-Cretaceous of Lightning Ridge, New South Wales, Australia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=39 |pages=e1564757 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2019.1564757 |s2cid=195424096 }}</ref>

== Classification ==
[[File:Fostoria.jpg|thumb|left|Life restoration]] 
''Fostoria'' was classified within the clade Iguanodontia by the describing authors, who entered it into a recent phylogenetic matrix but with some modifications and recodings. It was found to be the most basal of a clade comprising ''[[Biology:Anabisetia|Anabisetia]]'', ''[[Biology:Muttaburrasaurus|Muttaburrasaurus]].'' and ''[[Biology:Talenkauen|Talenkauen]],'' supported by the following synapomorphies:<ref name="Bell2019" /> 

* frontals contacting less than 25% of the orbit
* paroccipital processes (exoccipital-opisthotic complex) extending laterally and are slightly dorsoventrally expanded distally
* caudal ribs located on neural arch

However, a recent study covering the phylogeny of [[Biology:Cerapoda|Cerapoda]] using the same matrix as Bell ''et al.'' (2019) found ''Fostoria'' to be within the [[Biology:Rhabdodontomorpha|Rhabdodontomorpha]], sharing the following features with the derived [[Biology:Rhabdodontidae|rhabdodontids]]: (1) A nearly vertical suture between its supraoccipital and opisthotics and (2) the length of the distolateral condyle on the distal extremity of femur (not accounting for its posterolateral condylid) is less than 40% the total distal width of the femur.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dieudonné|first1=P.-E.|last2=Cruzado-Caballero|first2=P.|last3=Godefroit|first3=P.|last4=Tortosa|first4=T.|date=2020-07-20|title=A new phylogeny of cerapodan dinosaurs|url=https://rid.unrn.edu.ar/bitstream/20.500.12049/5441/1/Dieudonn%C3%A9_etal2020.pdf|journal=Historical Biology|volume=33|issue=10|pages=2335–2355|doi=10.1080/08912963.2020.1793979|s2cid=221854017|issn=0891-2963}}</ref>

==History of discovery==
In 1984, Bob Foster, an opal miner, discovered a vertebra from an [[Biology:Ornithopod|ornithopod]] in Lightning Ridge. Foster originally interpreted the fossil as a hoof belonging to a [[Biology:Horse|horse]].<ref name=Times2019 /> Foster eventually found so many fossils in his mine that he showed his finds to paleontologists of the Australian Museum in [[Place:Sydney|Sydney]]. After they had a look at the ''Fostoria'' fossils, paleontologist Alexander Ritchie with some army reservists travelled to the mine to excavate more fossils. The fossils were prepared but remained unstudied until 2015.<ref name=Times2019>{{cite web|url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a27729924/opal-miner-unearths-new-species-of-dinosaur/|title=Opal miner unearths new species of dinosaur|website=www.popularmechanics.com|date=5 June 2019}}</ref> Foster in the early 21st century removed the finds from a private opal museum and exhibited them in, and later donated them to the Australian Opal Centre in Lightning Ridge, where they remain to this day.<ref name=Bell2019 />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q64364439|from2=Q64392298}}

[[Category:Iguanodonts]]
[[Category:Cenomanian life]]



{{Sourceattribution|Fostoria dhimbangunmal}}