View source for Biology:German Pinscher

{{Short description|German breed of dog}}
{{Infobox dog breed
| name           = German Pinscher
| image          = Bvdb-duitse pincher.jpg
| image_alt      = two slender smooth coated dogs, one light red, the other black with tan markings
| image_caption  = The two coat colours, self-coloured red and black-and-tan
| image2         = 
| image_alt2     = 
| image_caption2 = 
| altname        = {{ubl|{{lang|de|italic=no|Deutscher Pinscher}}|Standard Pinscher{{r|fogle|p=218}}}}
| stock          = 
| country        = Germany
| weight         = {{cvt|14|–|20|kg|round=5}}{{r|fci2}}
| maleweight     = 
| femaleweight   = 
| height         = {{cvt|45|–|50|cm}}{{r|fci2}}
| maleheight     = 
| femaleheight   = 
| coat           = dense, short, smooth
| colour         = {{ubl|self-coloured red|black-and-tan}}
| litter_size    = 
| life_span      = 12–14 years{{r|fogle|p=218}}
| kc_name        = Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen
| kc_std         = https://www.vdh.de/welpen/mein-welpe/deutscher-pinscher
| kc2_name       = 
| kc2_std        = 
| fcistd         = http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/184g02-en.pdf
| notrecognised  = 
| extinct        = 
| note           = 
}}

The '''German Pinscher''' or {{lang|de|italic=no|'''Deutscher Pinscher'''}} is a German [[Biology:Dog breed|breed]] of terrier in the  Pinscher and Schnauzer group.{{r|fci|fogle|p2=218}} It shares common origins with the Schnauzer, of which it is essentially a short-haired equivalent.{{r|geh}} It is seen in two colours, either black-and-tan or self-coloured red, this varying from deer-red to a dark reddish brown.{{r|fci2}}

It is an endangered breed, and is listed in category III of the [[Organization:Rote Liste|Rote Liste]] of the [[Organization:Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen|Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen]].{{r|geh2}} It is a distinct and separate breed from the Affenpinscher, the Austrian Pinscher and the Miniature Pinscher or Zwergpinscher.

== History ==
[[File:Jean Bungartz Deutscher Pinscher and Zwergpinscher, Kynos, 1884.png|thumb|Jean Bungartz, Deutscher Pinscher and Zwergpinscher, Illustration from ''Kynos'', 1884]]
[[File:Deutscher Pinscher (cropped).JPG|thumb|alt=a smooth-haired black and tan dog on a beach|Black-and-tan dog]]
[[File:Benny von den Spessartwaechtern (cropped).jpg|thumb|alt=a smooth-haired light red dog standing in a field|Deer-red dog]]
The origins of the German Pinscher are unknown.{{r|geh3}} Dogs of this type, both rough-haired and smooth-haired, were traditionally kept as carriage dogs or as stable dogs, and so were sometimes known as {{lang|de|Stallpinscher}}; they were capable ratters.{{r|geh3}} Both types were known as Deutscher Pinscher, and came from the same lineage; rough-haired and smooth-haired puppies could occur in the same litter.{{r|geh3}} The rough-haired Pinscher, which would later become the [[Biology:Standard Schnauzer|Standard Schnauzer]], was also known as the {{lang|de|Rattler}}.{{r|geh3|beckmann|p2=152}}

The "smooth Pinscher" is mentioned by Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach in 1836.{{r|geh3}} In 1880 the Pinscher was recorded in the ''Deutschen Hundestammbuch'' of the Verein zur Veredelung der Hunderassen.{{r|psk}} In 1895 {{ill|Ludwig Beckmann (painter)|de|Ludwig Beckmann|lt=Ludwig Beckmann}} described five varieties of Pinscher – the rough- and smooth-haired Pinscher, the rough- and smooth-haired Miniature Pinscher, and the Affenpinscher; of the smooth-haired Pinscher he says that it is becoming less common, and is not often seen at dog shows.{{r|geh3|beckmann|p2=152}} In 1895 a breed society, the Pinscher-Schnauzer-Klub, was established for both types, both rough- and smooth-haired.{{r|psk}}

The Pinscher almost disappeared in the years after the Second World War. It was reconstructed by Werner Jung from a single standard-sized animal and four unusually large Miniature Pinschers.{{r|geh|geh3}} After eight years in which no births were recorded, a litter was whelped in 1958.{{r|geh3}} The Pinscher was definitively accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1955.{{r|fci}}

The Deutscher Pinscher is an endangered breed. In 2003 it was, with the Großspitz and the Mittelspitz, the 'endangered breed of the year' of the [[Organization:Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen|Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen]]; there were at that time 40 breeding bitches.{{r|geh3}} In 2022 it was listed in category III, {{lang|de|gefährdet}} ('endangered'), of the [[Organization:Rote Liste|Rote Liste]] of that organisation.{{r|geh2}} In each of the ten years from 2008 to 2017 the number of puppies whelped was between 350 and 450; in 2016 and 2017 there were just over 50 litters per year.{{r|geh}}

== Characteristics ==

The German Pinscher is of medium size, with weights for both dogs and bitches in the range {{nobreak|14–20 kg}} and a height at the [[Biology:Withers|withers]] between 45 and {{nobreak|50 cm.}}{{r|fci2}} The coat is dense, short and smooth; it may be either black-and-tan or self-coloured red, this varying from a light stag-red to a dark reddish brown.{{r|fci2|fogle|p2=218}}

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name=beckmann>Ludwig Beckmann (1894–1895). [https://archive.org/details/geschichteundbes2beck/page/152/mode/1up ''Geschichte und Beschreibung der Rassen des Hundes''] (volume II, in German). Braunschweig: Druck und Verlag von Friedrich Bieweg und Sohn.</ref>

<ref name=fogle>[Bruce Fogle] (2013). ''The Dog Encyclopedia''. London; New York: Dorling Kindersley. {{isbn|9781465408440}}.</ref>

<ref name=fci>[http://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/GERMAN-PINSCHER-184.html FCI breeds nomenclature: Deutscher Pinscher (184)]. Thuin: Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed March 2022.</ref>

<ref name=fci2>[http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/184g02-en.pdf FCI-Standard N° 184: Deutscher Pinscher (German Pinscher)]. Thuin: Fédération Cynologique Internationale. Accessed March 2022.</ref>

<ref name=geh>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220216185440/https://www.g-e-h.de/index.php/rassebeschreibungen/46-hunde/90-deutscher-pinscher Deutscher Pinscher] (in German). Witzenhausen: Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived 16 February 2022.</ref>

<ref name=geh2>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220130024422/https://www.g-e-h.de/index.php/rote-liste-menu/rote-liste Die Rote Liste im Überblick] (in German). Witzenhausen: Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived 30 January 2022.</ref>

<ref name=geh3>Christel Simantke (2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120606014816/http://www.g-e-h.de/geh/gef-rassen/gefrasse03.htm Die Gefährdete Nutztierrasse des Jahres 2003: Gefährdete Haus- und Hofhunde: Von Spitzen und Pinschern] (in German). Witzenhausen: Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen. Archived 6 June 2012.</ref>

<ref name=psk>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220323205936/https://sb83f7fcde0963aa0.jimcontent.com/download/version/0/module/8509362314/name/rasse-dp.pdf Rasseportrait: Deutscher Pinscher] (in German). Remscheid: Pinscher-Schnauzer-Klub 1895 e.V. Archived 23 March 2022.</ref>

}}



[[Category:Animal breeds on the GEH Red List]]

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{{Sourceattribution|German Pinscher}}