View source for Biology:Glossary of phytopathology

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This is a glossary of some of the terms used in phytopathology.

Phytopathology is the study of plant diseases.  It is a multi-disciplinary science since prerequisites for disease development are the presence of a susceptible host species, a pathogen and the appropriate environmental conditions.  This is known as the [[Biology:Glossary of phytopathology#disease triangle|disease triangle]].  Because of this interaction, the terminology used in phytopathology often comes from other disciplines including those dealing with the host species ([[Biology:Botany|botany / plant science]], [[Biology:Plant physiology|plant physiology]]), the pathogen ([[Biology:Bacteria|bacteriology]], [[Biology:Mycology|mycology]], nematology, [[Biology:Virology|virology]]), the environment and disease management practices ([[Earth:Agronomy|agronomy]], [[Earth:Soil science|soil science]], [[Physics:Meteorology|meteorology]], [[Environmental science|environmental science]], [[Earth:Ecology|ecology]], [[Biology:Plant breeding|plant breeding]], pesticides, [[Biology:Entomology|entomology]]), and areas of study that apply to both the host and pathogen ([[Biology:Molecular biology|molecular biology]], [[Biology:Genetics|genetics]], [[Biology:Molecular genetics|molecular genetics]]).  The result is that most phytopathological glossary include terms from these other disciplines in addition to terms ([[Biology:Glossary of phytopathology#disease incidence|disease incidence]], [[Biology:Glossary of phytopathology#horizontal resistance|horizontal resistance]], [[Biology:Glossary of phytopathology#gene-for-gene hypothesis|gene-for-gene relationship]], [[Biology:Glossary of phytopathology#blast|blast]], [[Biology:Glossary of phytopathology#scab|scab]] and so on) that are specific to, or which have a unique meaning in phytopathology. This glossary is no exception. However, for the sake of brevity, it has, for the most part, restricted terms from other disciplines to those that pertain to the pathogen.  At some point, these terms should be moved to other glossaries (e.g. [[Biology:Glossary of mycology|glossary of mycology]], glossary of nematology, and so on).

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== A ==
'''<span id="abiotic" style="font-weight: bold">abiotic</span>'''
:Disease not caused by living organisms

'''<span id="acceptable daily intake" style="font-weight: bold">acceptable daily intake</span>'''

'''<span id="acervulus" style="font-weight: bold">acervulus (pl. acervuli)</span>'''
:The [[Biology:Acervulus|acervulus]] is an erumpent, cushionlike fruiting body bearing conidiophores, conidia, and sometimes setae. It is distinguished from a stroma in not having a peridium or covering of fungal tissue of any kind.

'''<span id="acid precipitation" style="font-weight: bold">acid precipitation</span>'''

'''<span id="acid rain" style="font-weight: bold">acid rain</span>'''

'''<span id="acropetal" style="font-weight: bold">acropetal</span>'''

'''<span id="Actinomycetes" style="font-weight: bold">Actinomycetes</span>'''
:The [[Biology:Actinomycetota|Actinobacteria or Actinomycetes]] are a group of Gram-positive bacteria.

'''<span id="acute" style="font-weight: bold">acute</span>'''

'''<span id="acute toxicity" style="font-weight: bold">acute toxicity</span>'''

'''<span id="aeciospore" style="font-weight: bold">aeciospore</span>'''

'''<span id="aecium" style="font-weight: bold">aecium</span>'''

'''<span id="aflatoxin" style="font-weight: bold">aflatoxin</span>'''

'''<span id="agar" style="font-weight: bold">agar</span>'''

'''<span id="aggressiveness" style="font-weight: bold">aggressiveness</span>'''

'''<span id="air pollution" style="font-weight: bold">air pollution</span>'''

'''<span id="alkaloids" style="font-weight: bold">alkaloids</span>'''

'''<span id="allele" style="font-weight: bold">allele</span>'''

'''<span id="allelopathy" style="font-weight: bold">allelopathy</span>'''

'''<span id="alternate host" style="font-weight: bold">alternate host</span>'''

'''<span id="alternative host" style="font-weight: bold">alternative hosts</span>'''

'''<span id="alternation of generations" style="font-weight: bold">alternation of generations</span>'''

'''<span id="amphid" style="font-weight: bold">amphid</span>'''

'''<span id="amphigynous" style="font-weight: bold">amphigynous</span>'''

'''<span id="amphimixis" style="font-weight: bold">amphimixis</span>'''

'''<span id="amphimobile" style="font-weight: bold">amphimobile</span>'''

'''<span id="anaerobic" style="font-weight: bold">anaerobic</span>'''

'''<span id="anamorph" style="font-weight: bold">anamorph (adj. anamorphic; syn. imperfect state)</span>'''

'''<span id="anastomosis" style="font-weight: bold">anastomosis (pl. anastomoses)</span>'''

'''<span id="anthracnose" style="font-weight: bold">anthracnoes</span>'''

'''<span id="antibiotic" style="font-weight: bold">antibiotic</span>'''

'''<span id="antibody" style="font-weight: bold">antibody</span>'''

'''<span id="antigen" style="font-weight: bold">antigen</span>'''

'''<span id="antiseptic" style="font-weight: bold">antiseptic</span>'''

'''<span id="apothecium" style="font-weight: bold">apothecium</span>'''
:The [[Biology:Ascocarp|apothecium]] is an open, cuplike, or saucer-shaped sexual fungal fruiting body ([[Biology:Ascocarp|ascocarp]]) containing asci.

'''<span id="antiseptic" style="font-weight: bold">antiseptic</span>'''

'''<span id="appressorium" style="font-weight: bold">appressorium (pl. appressoria)</span>'''

'''<span id="arbuscular mycorrhiza" style="font-weight: bold">arbuscular mycorrhiza (abbr. AM; syn. endomycorrhiza)  </span>'''

'''<span id="arbuscule" style="font-weight: bold">arbuscule</span>'''

'''<span id="ascocarp" style="font-weight: bold">ascocarp (syn. ascoma)</span>'''

'''<span id="ascogenous" style="font-weight: bold">ascogenous</span>'''

'''<span id="ascogonium" style="font-weight: bold">ascogonium (pl. ascogonia)</span>'''

'''<span id="ascoma" style="font-weight: bold">ascoma (pl. ascomata; syn. ascocarp)</span>'''

'''<span id="Ascomycetes" style="font-weight: bold">Ascomycetes</span>'''

'''<span id="asci" style="font-weight: bold">asci</span>'''

'''<span id="ascospore" style="font-weight: bold">ascospore</span>'''

'''<span id="ascostroma" style="font-weight: bold">ascostroma (pl. ascostromata)  </span>'''

'''<span id="ascus" style="font-weight: bold">ascus (pl. asci) </span>'''

'''<span id="aseptate" style="font-weight: bold">aseptate</span>'''

'''<span id="asexual" style="font-weight: bold">asexual</span>'''

'''<span id="asexual reproduction" style="font-weight: bold">asexual reproduction</span>'''

'''<span id="atrophy" style="font-weight: bold">atrophy</span>'''

'''<span id="AUDPC" style="font-weight: bold">AUDPC (abbr. for Area Under Disease Progress Curve)</span>'''

'''<span id="autotroph" style="font-weight: bold">autotroph</span>'''

'''<span id="avirulence gene" style="font-weight: bold">avirulence (avr) gene</span>'''

'''<span id="avirulent" style="font-weight: bold">avirulent (syn. nonpathogenic)</span>'''

'''<span id="axenic" style="font-weight: bold">axenic</span>'''

'''<span id="autoecious" style="font-weight: bold">autoecious</span>'''

== B ==
'''<span id="bacilliform" style="font-weight: bold">bacilliform</span>'''

'''<span id="bacterial streaming" style="font-weight: bold">bacterial streaming</span>'''

'''<span id="bactericide" style="font-weight: bold">bactericide</span>'''

'''<span id="bacteriocin" style="font-weight: bold">bacteriocin</span>'''

'''<span id="bacteriophage" style="font-weight: bold">bacteriophage</span>'''

'''<span id="bacterium" style="font-weight: bold">bacterium (pl. bacteria)</span>'''

'''<span id="bactericide" style="font-weight: bold">bactericide</span>'''

'''<span id="basal knob" style="font-weight: bold">basal knob (syn. stylet knob)</span>'''

'''<span id="basidiocarp" style="font-weight: bold">basidiocarp (syn. basidioma)</span>'''

'''<span id="Basidiomycetes" style="font-weight: bold">Basidiomyctes</span>'''
:The Division Basidiomycota is a large taxon within the Kingdom Fungi that includes those species that produce spores in a club-shaped structure called a basidium.

'''<span id="basidiospore" style="font-weight: bold">basidiospore</span>'''

'''<span id="basidium" style="font-weight: bold">basidium (pl. basidia)</span>'''

'''<span id="basidiospore" style="font-weight: bold">basidiospore</span>'''

'''<span id="basidium" style="font-weight: bold">basidium (pl. basidia; adj. basidial)</span>'''

'''<span id="binary fission" style="font-weight: bold">binary fission</span>'''

'''<span id="binucleate" style="font-weight: bold">binucleate</span>'''

'''<span id="bioassay" style="font-weight: bold">bioassay</span>'''

'''<span id="biocide" style="font-weight: bold">biocide</span>'''

'''<span id="biocontrol" style="font-weight: bold">biocontrol (syn. biological control)</span>'''

'''<span id="biotic" style="font-weight: bold">biotic</span>'''
:A disease caused by a living organism

'''<span id="biotroph" style="font-weight: bold">biotroph (syn. obligate parasite)</span>'''

'''<span id="biotype" style="font-weight: bold">biotype</span>'''

'''<span id="bitunicate" style="font-weight: bold">bitunicate</span>'''

'''<span id="blasting" style="font-weight: bold">blasting</span>'''

'''<span id="blight" style="font-weight: bold">blight</span>'''

'''<span id="blotch" style="font-weight: bold">blotch</span>'''

'''<span id="breaking" style="font-weight: bold">breaking</span>'''

'''<span id="broadcast application" style="font-weight: bold">broadcast application</span>'''

'''<span id="brooming" style="font-weight: bold">brooming</span>'''

'''<span id="brown rot" style="font-weight: bold">brown rot (of wood)</span>'''

'''<span id="bunt ball" style="font-weight: bold"></span>'''

'''<span id="burn" style="font-weight: bold">burn</span>'''

'''<span id="bursa" style="font-weight: bold">bursa</span>'''

== C ==
'''<span id="canker" style="font-weight: bold">canker</span>'''

'''<span id="capsid" style="font-weight: bold">capsid (syn. coat protein)</span>'''

'''<span id="carcinogen" style="font-weight: bold">carcinogen</span>'''

'''<span id="carrier" style="font-weight: bold">carrier</span>'''

'''<span id="casting" style="font-weight: bold">casting</span>'''

'''<span id="causal agent" style="font-weight: bold">causal agent</span>'''

'''<span id="certification" style="font-weight: bold">certification</span>'''

'''<span id="cfu" style="font-weight: bold">cfu (abbr. for colony forming unit)</span>'''

'''<span id="chemotaxis" style="font-weight: bold">chemotaxis (syn. chemotropism)  </span>'''

'''<span id="chemotherapy" style="font-weight: bold">chemotherapy</span>'''

'''<span id="chlamydospore" style="font-weight: bold">chlamydospore</span>'''

'''<span id="chlamydospore" style="font-weight: bold">chlamydospore</span>'''
:A [[Biology:Chlamydospore|chlamydospore]] is the thick-walled big resting spore of several kinds of fungi.

'''<span id="chlorosis" style="font-weight: bold">chlorosis</span>'''

'''<span id="chronic toxicity" style="font-weight: bold">chronic toxicity</span>'''

'''<span id="chytridiomycetes" style="font-weight: bold">chytridiomycetes</span>'''

'''<span id="circulative-propagative transmission" style="font-weight: bold">circulative-propagative transmission (syn. propagative transmission)  </span>'''

'''<span id="circulative transmission" style="font-weight: bold">circulative transmission (syn. persistent transmission) </span>'''

'''<span id="cirrus" style="font-weight: bold">cirrus</span>'''

'''<span id="cleistothecium" style="font-weight: bold">cleistothecium</span>'''

'''<span id="clamp connection" style="font-weight: bold">clamp connection</span>'''

'''<span id="clavate" style="font-weight: bold">clavate (or claviform)</span>'''

'''<span id="coalesce" style="font-weight: bold">coalesce</span>'''

'''<span id="coat protein" style="font-weight: bold">coat protein (syn. capsid) </span>'''

'''<span id="coccus" style="font-weight: bold">coccus (pl. cocci)</span>'''

'''<span id="coelomycetes" style="font-weight: bold">coelomycetes</span>'''

'''<span id="colonization" style="font-weight: bold">colonization</span>'''

'''<span id="colony" style="font-weight: bold">colony</span>'''

'''<span id="colony forming unit" style="font-weight: bold">colony forming unit (abbr. cfu)</span>'''

'''<span id="compartmentalization" style="font-weight: bold">compartmentalization</span>'''

'''<span id="conidiogenesis" style="font-weight: bold">conidiogenesis</span>'''

'''<span id="conidiogenous" style="font-weight: bold">conidiogenous</span>'''

'''<span id="conidioma" style="font-weight: bold">conidioma (pl. conidiomata)</span>'''

'''<span id="conidiophore" style="font-weight: bold">conidiophore</span>'''

'''<span id="conidium" style="font-weight: bold">conidium (pl. conidia) </span>'''

'''<span id="conjugation" style="font-weight: bold">conjugation</span>'''

'''<span id="conk" style="font-weight: bold">conk</span>'''

'''<span id="constitutive" style="font-weight: bold">constitutive</span>'''

'''<span id="contact fungicide (syn. protectant fungicide)" style="font-weight: bold">contact fungicide (syn. protectant fungicide)</span>'''

'''<span id="coremium" style="font-weight: bold">coremium (pl. coremia; syn. synnema)</span>'''

'''<span id="cross-protection" style="font-weight: bold">cross-protection</span>'''

'''<span id="crozier" style="font-weight: bold">crozier</span>'''

'''<span id="cryptobiosis" style="font-weight: bold">cryptobiosis (hidden life)</span>'''

'''<span id="curl" style="font-weight: bold">curl</span>'''

'''<span id="cyst" style="font-weight: bold">cyst</span>'''

'''<span id="cytopathology" style="font-weight: bold">cytopathology</span>'''

== D ==

'''<span id="damping-off" style="font-weight: bold">damping-off</span>'''

'''<span id="days to harvest" style="font-weight: bold">days to harvest</span>'''

'''<span id="decay" style="font-weight: bold">decay</span>'''

'''<span id="degree-day" style="font-weight: bold">degree-day</span>'''

'''<span id="demicyclic" style="font-weight: bold">demicyclic</span>'''

'''<span id="deuteromycetes" style="font-weight: bold">deuteromycetes (syn. Fungi Imperfecti)</span>'''

'''<span id="diagnostic" style="font-weight: bold">diagnostic</span>'''

'''<span id="antigen" style="font-weight: bold">antigen</span>'''

'''<span id="diploid" style="font-weight: bold">diploid</span>'''
:Diploid (2x) cells have two copies (homologs) of each chromosome, usually one from the mother and one from the father.

'''<span id="diapause" style="font-weight: bold">diapause</span>'''

'''<span id="dieback" style="font-weight: bold">dieback (v. die back)</span>'''

'''<span id="differential host" style="font-weight: bold">differential host (syn. differential cultivar)</span>'''

'''<span id="differential medium" style="font-weight: bold">differential medium</span>'''

'''<span id="differentiation" style="font-weight: bold">differentiation</span>'''

'''<span id="dikaryon" style="font-weight: bold">dikaryon (adj. dikaryotic)</span>'''

'''<span id="dilution plating" style="font-weight: bold">dilution plating</span>'''

'''<span id="dilution streaking" style="font-weight: bold">dilution streaking</span>'''

'''<span id="dimorphic" style="font-weight: bold">dimorphic</span>'''

'''<span id="direct penetration" style="font-weight: bold">direct penetration</span>'''

'''<span id="Discomycetes" style="font-weight: bold">Discomycetes</span>'''

'''<span id="disease" style="font-weight: bold">disease</span>'''

'''<span id="disease cycle" style="font-weight: bold">disease cycle</span>'''

'''<span id="disease incidence" style="font-weight: bold">disease incidence</span>'''

'''<span id="disease progress curve" style="font-weight: bold">disease progress curve</span>'''

'''<span id="disease pyramid" style="font-weight: bold">disease pyramid</span>'''

'''<span id="disease severity" style="font-weight: bold">disease severity</span>'''

'''<span id="disease triangle" style="font-weight: bold">disease triangle</span>'''

'''<span id="disinfect" style="font-weight: bold">disinfect</span>'''

'''<span id="disinfest" style="font-weight: bold">disinfest</span>'''

'''<span id="dispersal" style="font-weight: bold">dispersal (syn. dissemination) </span>'''

'''<span id="dissemination" style="font-weight: bold">dissemination (syn. dispersal)</span>'''

'''<span id="dolipore septum" style="font-weight: bold">dolipore septum</span>'''

'''<span id="dormancy" style="font-weight: bold">dormancy (adj. dormant)</span>'''

'''<span id="downy mildew" style="font-weight: bold">downy mildew</span>'''

'''<span id="drift" style="font-weight: bold">drift (of pesticides)</span>'''

'''<span id="drought " style="font-weight: bold">drought </span>'''

'''<span id="durable resistance" style="font-weight: bold">durable resistance</span>'''

'''<span id="dwarfing " style="font-weight: bold">dwarfing </span>'''

== E ==
'''<span id="echinulate" style="font-weight: bold">echinulate</span>'''

'''<span id="economic threshold" style="font-weight: bold">economic threshold</span>'''

'''<span id="ectomycorrhiza" style="font-weight: bold">ectomycorrhiza (pl. ectomycorrhizae) </span>'''

'''<span id="ectoparasite " style="font-weight: bold">ectoparasite </span>'''

'''<span id="ectotrophic" style="font-weight: bold">ectotrophic</span>'''

'''<span id="elicitor" style="font-weight: bold">elicitor</span>'''

'''<span id="enation" style="font-weight: bold">enation</span>'''

'''<span id="encapsidate" style="font-weight: bold">encapsidate</span>'''

'''<span id="encyst" style="font-weight: bold">encyst</span>'''

'''<span id="endemic" style="font-weight: bold">endemic</span>'''

'''<span id="endogenous" style="font-weight: bold">endogenous</span>'''

'''<span id="endophytic" style="font-weight: bold">endophytic</span>'''

'''<span id="endoconidium" style="font-weight: bold">endoconidium (pl. endoconidia)</span>'''

'''<span id="endomycorrhiza" style="font-weight: bold">endomycorrhiza (pl. endomycorrhizae; syn. arbuscular mycorrhiza) </span>'''

'''<span id="endoparasite" style="font-weight: bold">endoparasite</span>'''

'''<span id="endospore" style="font-weight: bold">endospore</span>'''

'''<span id="epidemic" style="font-weight: bold">epidemic</span>'''

'''<span id="epidemiology" style="font-weight: bold">epidemiology</span>'''

'''<span id="epinasty" style="font-weight: bold">epinasty</span>'''

'''<span id="epiphytotic" style="font-weight: bold">epiphytotic</span>'''
: The epidemic condition of a disease, in a plant population. Compare with '''enphytotic'''

'''<span id="eradicant" style="font-weight: bold">eradicant</span>'''

'''<span id="eradication" style="font-weight: bold">eradication</span>'''

'''<span id="ergot" style="font-weight: bold">ergot</span>'''

'''<span id="ergotism" style="font-weight: bold">ergotism</span>'''

'''<span id="erumpent" style="font-weight: bold">erumpent</span>'''

'''<span id="escape" style="font-weight: bold">escape</span>'''

'''<span id="etiolation" style="font-weight: bold">etiolation</span>'''

'''<span id="etiology" style="font-weight: bold">etiology</span>'''

'''<span id="exclusion" style="font-weight: bold">exclusion</span>'''

'''<span id="exogenous" style="font-weight: bold">exogenous</span>'''

'''<span id="exudate" style="font-weight: bold">exudate</span>'''

== F ==
'''<span id="f. sp." style="font-weight: bold">f. sp. (abbr. for forma specialis)</span>'''

'''<span id="facultative parasite" style="font-weight: bold">facultative parasite</span>'''

'''<span id="facultative saprotroph" style="font-weight: bold">facultative saprotroph</span>'''

'''<span id="fasciation" style="font-weight: bold">fasciation</span>'''

'''<span id="fastidious" style="font-weight: bold">fastidious</span>'''

'''<span id="filamentous" style="font-weight: bold">filamentous (syn. filiform)  </span>'''

'''<span id="flagellum" style="font-weight: bold">flagellum</span>'''

'''<span id="flagging" style="font-weight: bold">flagging</span>'''

'''<span id="fleck" style="font-weight: bold">fleck</span>'''

'''<span id="focus" style="font-weight: bold">focus (pl. foci) </span>'''

'''<span id="forest decline" style="font-weight: bold">forest decline</span>'''

'''<span id="forma specialis" style="font-weight: bold">forma specialis (abbr. f.sp.; pl. formae speciales) </span>'''

'''<span id="fructification" style="font-weight: bold">fructification</span>'''

'''<span id="fruiting body" style="font-weight: bold">fruiting body</span>'''

'''<span id="fumigant (v. fumigate)" style="font-weight: bold">fumigant (v. fumigate)</span>'''

'''<span id="Fungi Imperfecti" style="font-weight: bold">Fungi Imperfecti (syn. Deuteromycetes</span>'''

'''<span id="fungicide" style="font-weight: bold">fungicide (adj. fungicidal)</span>'''
:Chemical designed to kill fungi

'''<span id="fungus" style="font-weight: bold">fungus (pl. fungi)</span>'''

'''<span id="fungistat" style="font-weight: bold">fungistat (adj. fungistatic)</span>'''
:Inhibits growth of some fungi.

'''<span id="fungistasis" style="font-weight: bold">fungistasis</span>'''

'''<span id="fusiform" style="font-weight: bold">fusiform</span>'''

== G ==

'''<span id="gall" style="font-weight: bold">gall</span>'''

'''<span id="gametangium" style="font-weight: bold">gametangium (pl. gametangia)</span>'''

'''<span id="gametophyte" style="font-weight: bold">gametophyte</span>'''

'''<span id="gene-for-gene hypothesis" style="font-weight: bold">gene-for-gene hypothesis</span>'''

'''<span id="general resistance" style="font-weight: bold">general resistance (syn. horizontal resistance, race non-specific resistance)</span>'''

'''<span id="genotype" style="font-weight: bold">genotype</span>'''

'''<span id="germ theory" style="font-weight: bold">germ theory</span>'''

'''<span id="giant cell" style="font-weight: bold">giant cell</span>'''

'''<span id="girdle" style="font-weight: bold">girdle</span>'''

'''<span id="giant cells" style="font-weight: bold">giant cells</span>'''

'''<span id="gram-negative" style="font-weight: bold">gram-negative</span>'''
:Gram-negative bacteria are those that do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining protocol.

'''<span id="gram-positive" style="font-weight: bold">gram-positive</span>'''
:Gram-positive bacteria are classified as bacteria that retain a crystal violet dye during the Gram stain process.

'''<span id="gram stain" style="font-weight: bold">gram stain</span>'''

'''<span id="growth regulator" style="font-weight: bold">growth regulator (syn. hormone) </span>'''

'''<span id="gummosis" style="font-weight: bold">gummosis (pl. gummoses) </span>'''

== H ==

'''<span id="haploid" style="font-weight: bold">haploid</span>'''

'''<span id="hardiness" style="font-weight: bold">hardiness</span>'''

'''<span id="haustorium" style="font-weight: bold">haustorium (pl. haustoria)</span>'''
: The [[Biology:Haustorium|haustorium]] is the hyphal tip of a parasitic fungus

'''<span id="hemiparasite" style="font-weight: bold">hemiparasite</span>'''

'''<span id="hermaphrodite" style="font-weight: bold">hermaphrodite (adj. hermaphroditic) </span>'''

'''<span id="heteroecious" style="font-weight: bold">[[Biology:Heteroecious|heteroecious]]</span>'''

'''<span id="heterokaryon" style="font-weight: bold">[[Biology:Heterokaryon|heterokaryon]] (adj. heterokaryotic) </span>'''

'''<span id="heterothallic" style="font-weight: bold">heterothallic</span>'''

'''<span id="heterotroph" style="font-weight: bold">heterotroph</span>'''

'''<span id="holomorph" style="font-weight: bold">holomorph</span>'''

'''<span id="holoparasite" style="font-weight: bold">holoparasite</span>'''

'''<span id="homokaryon" style="font-weight: bold">homokaryon (adj. [[Biology:Homokaryotic|homokaryotic]]) </span>'''

'''<span id="homothallism" style="font-weight: bold">homothallism (adj. homothallic)</span>'''

'''<span id="horizontal resistance" style="font-weight: bold">horizontal resistance (syn. general resistance, race non-specific resistance)</span>'''

'''<span id="host plant" style="font-weight: bold">host plant</span>'''

'''<span id="host range" style="font-weight: bold">host range</span>'''

'''<span id="hyaline" style="font-weight: bold">hyaline</span>'''

'''<span id="hymenium" style="font-weight: bold">hymenium</span>'''

'''<span id="hyperparasite" style="font-weight: bold">hyperparasite</span>'''

'''<span id="hyperplasia" style="font-weight: bold">hyperplasia</span>'''

'''<span id="hypertrophy" style="font-weight: bold">hypertrophy</span>'''

'''<span id="hypersensitive" style="font-weight: bold">hypersensitive</span>'''

'''<span id="hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity gene" style="font-weight: bold">hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity (hrp) gene</span>'''

'''<span id="hypersensitive response" style="font-weight: bold">hypersensitive response (HR) </span>'''

'''<span id="hypha" style="font-weight: bold">hypha</span>'''

'''<span id="hyphal sheath" style="font-weight: bold">hyphal sheath (syn. mantle)</span>'''

'''<span id="hyphomycetes" style="font-weight: bold">hyphomycetes</span>'''

'''<span id="hyphopodium" style="font-weight: bold">hyphopodium</span>'''

'''<span id="hypoplasia" style="font-weight: bold">hypoplasia</span>'''

'''<span id="hypovirulence" style="font-weight: bold">hypovirulence</span>'''
: hypovirulence is reduced virulence of a pathogen. Hypovirulence in fungi can be caused by a virus within the fungus. The virus reduces virulence and sporulation. A hypovirus-fungus can be used in biological control.

== I ==

'''<span id="immune" style="font-weight: bold">immune</span>'''

'''<span id="immunity" style="font-weight: bold">immunity</span>'''

'''<span id="imperfect fungi" style="font-weight: bold">imperfect fungi (syn. Fungi Imperfecti, deuteromycetes)</span>'''

'''<span id="imperfect state" style="font-weight: bold">imperfect state (syn. anamorph)</span>'''
'''<span id="in planta" style="font-weight: bold">in planta</span>'''

'''<span id="in situ" style="font-weight: bold">in situ</span>'''

'''<span id="in vitro" style="font-weight: bold">in vitro</span>'''

'''<span id="in vivo" style="font-weight: bold">in vivo</span>'''

'''<span id="incubation period" style="font-weight: bold">incubation period</span>'''

'''<span id="indicator plant" style="font-weight: bold">indicator plant</span>'''

'''<span id="indirect penetration" style="font-weight: bold">indirect penetration</span>'''

'''<span id="induced" style="font-weight: bold">induced</span>'''

'''<span id="induced systemic resistance" style="font-weight: bold">[[Biology:Plant-induced systemic resistance|induced systemic resistance]] (ISR)</span>'''

'''<span id="infection court" style="font-weight: bold">infection court</span>'''

'''<span id="infection cushion" style="font-weight: bold">infection cushion</span>'''

'''<span id="infection focus" style="font-weight: bold">infection focus</span>'''

'''<span id="infection peg" style="font-weight: bold">infection peg (syn. penetration peg) </span>'''

'''<span id="infection period" style="font-weight: bold">infection period</span>'''


'''<span id="infectious" style="font-weight: bold">infectious</span>'''

'''<span id="infective" style="font-weight: bold">infective</span>'''

'''<span id="infest (n. infestation)  " style="font-weight: bold">infest (n. infestation)  </span>'''

'''<span id="initial inoculum" style="font-weight: bold">initial inoculum (syn. primary inoculum)</span>'''

'''<span id="injury" style="font-weight: bold">injury</span>'''

'''<span id="inoculate" style="font-weight: bold">inoculate (n. inoculation)</span>'''

'''<span id="inoculum" style="font-weight: bold">inoculum (pl. inocula)</span>'''

'''<span id="inoculum density" style="font-weight: bold">inoculum density</span>'''

'''<span id="integrated pest management" style="font-weight: bold">integrated pest management (abbr. IPM)</span>'''

'''<span id="intumescence (syn. edema or oedema) " style="font-weight: bold">intumescence (syn. edema or oedema) </span>'''

'''<span id="IPM" style="font-weight: bold">IPM (abbr. for integrated pest management) </span>'''

'''<span id="isolate" style="font-weight: bold">isolate</span>'''

== K ==

'''<span id="klendusity" style="font-weight: bold">klendusity</span>'''
The disease-escaping ability of plants.

'''<span id="Koch's postulates" style="font-weight: bold">Koch's postulates</span>'''

'''<span id="knot" style="font-weight: bold">knot</span>'''

== L ==

'''<span id="latent infection" style="font-weight: bold">latent infection</span>'''

'''<span id="latent period" style="font-weight: bold">latent period</span>'''

'''<span id="leaf dip" style="font-weight: bold">leaf dip</span>'''

'''<span id="leaf spot" style="font-weight: bold">leaf spot</span>'''

'''<span id="leafroll" style="font-weight: bold">leafroll</span>'''

'''<span id="lesion" style="font-weight: bold">lesion</span>'''

'''<span id="life cycle" style="font-weight: bold">life cycle</span>'''

'''<span id="lignification" style="font-weight: bold">lignification</span>'''

'''<span id="local lesion" style="font-weight: bold">local lesion</span>'''

'''<span id="local necrosis" style="font-weight: bold">local necrosis</span>'''

'''<span id="lodge" style="font-weight: bold">lodge</span>'''

== M ==

'''<span id="macerate" style="font-weight: bold">macerate</span>'''

'''<span id="macroconidium" style="font-weight: bold">macroconidium (pl. macroconidia) </span>'''

'''<span id="macrocyclic" style="font-weight: bold">macrocyclic</span>'''

'''<span id="macronutrient" style="font-weight: bold">macronutrient</span>'''

'''<span id="mantle" style="font-weight: bold">mantle (syn. hyphal sheath)  </span>'''

'''<span id="mating types" style="font-weight: bold">mating types</span>'''

'''<span id="mechanical injury" style="font-weight: bold">mechanical injury</span>'''

'''<span id="mechanical transmission" style="font-weight: bold">mechanical transmission</span>'''

'''<span id="medium" style="font-weight: bold">medium (pl. media) </span>'''

'''<span id="melanin" style="font-weight: bold">melanin</span>'''

'''<span id="microbial" style="font-weight: bold">microbial</span>'''

'''<span id="microclimate" style="font-weight: bold">microclimate</span>'''

'''<span id="microconidium" style="font-weight: bold">microconidium (pl. microconidia) </span>'''

'''<span id="microcyclic" style="font-weight: bold">microcyclic</span>'''

'''<span id="microflora" style="font-weight: bold">microflora</span>'''

'''<span id="micronutrient" style="font-weight: bold">micronutrient</span>'''

'''<span id="microorganism" style="font-weight: bold">microorganism (syn. microbe)</span>'''

'''<span id="microsclerotium  " style="font-weight: bold">microsclerotium  </span>'''

'''<span id="mildew" style="font-weight: bold">mildew</span>'''

'''<span id="MLO (syn. mycoplasmalike organsim) " style="font-weight: bold">MLO (syn. mycoplasmalike organism) </span>'''

'''<span id="mold" style="font-weight: bold">mold</span>'''

'''<span id="mollicute" style="font-weight: bold">mollicute</span>'''

'''<span id="monocyclic" style="font-weight: bold">monocyclic</span>'''

'''<span id="monoecious" style="font-weight: bold">monoecious</span>'''

'''<span id="monogenic" style="font-weight: bold">monogenic</span>'''

'''<span id="monogenic resistance" style="font-weight: bold">monogenic resistance (syn. single gene resistance)</span>'''

'''<span id="monotrichous" style="font-weight: bold">monotrichous</span>'''

'''<span id="monoxenic culture" style="font-weight: bold">monoxenic culture</span>'''

'''<span id="mosaic" style="font-weight: bold">mosaic</span>'''

'''<span id="motile" style="font-weight: bold">motile</span>'''

'''<span id="mottle" style="font-weight: bold">mottle</span>'''

'''<span id="movement protein" style="font-weight: bold">movement protein</span>'''

'''<span id="multigenic resistance" style="font-weight: bold">multigenic resistance (syn. polygenic resistance)</span>'''

'''<span id="multiline" style="font-weight: bold">multiline</span>'''

'''<span id="multinucleate" style="font-weight: bold">multinucleate</span>'''

'''<span id="multiparticulate virus" style="font-weight: bold">multiparticulate virus</span>'''

'''<span id="multipartite virus" style="font-weight: bold">multipartite virus</span>'''

'''<span id="multiseptate" style="font-weight: bold">multiseptate</span>'''

'''<span id="mummification" style="font-weight: bold">mummification</span>'''

'''<span id="mummy" style="font-weight: bold">mummy</span>'''

'''<span id="mushroom" style="font-weight: bold">mushroom</span>'''

'''<span id="mutagen" style="font-weight: bold">mutagen</span>'''

'''<span id="Mycelia sterilia" style="font-weight: bold">Mycelia sterilia</span>'''

'''<span id="mycelium" style="font-weight: bold">mycelium (pl. mycelia)</span>'''
:[[Biology:Mycelium|Mycelium]] is the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching, threadlike hyphae that exists below the ground or within another substrate.

'''<span id="mycology" style="font-weight: bold">mycology</span>'''

'''<span id="mycoparasite" style="font-weight: bold">mycoparasite</span>'''

'''<span id="mycoplasmalike organism" style="font-weight: bold">mycoplasmalike organism (syn. MLO) </span>'''

'''<span id="mycorrhiza" style="font-weight: bold">mycorrhiza (pl. mycorrhizae; adj. mycorrhizal)  </span>'''

'''<span id="mycotoxin" style="font-weight: bold">mycotoxin</span>'''

'''<span id="mycovirus" style="font-weight: bold">mycovirus</span>'''

'''<span id="Myxomycetes" style="font-weight: bold">Myxomycetes (syn. slime molds)</span>'''

== N ==

'''<span id="necrosis" style="font-weight: bold">necrosis (adj. necrotic) </span>'''

'''<span id="necrotroph" style="font-weight: bold">necrotroph</span>'''

'''<span id="needle cast" style="font-weight: bold">needle cast (of conifers) </span>'''

'''<span id="nematicide" style="font-weight: bold">nematicide</span>'''
:A [[Chemistry:Nematicide|nematicide]] is a type of chemical pesticide used to kill parasitic nematodes.

'''<span id="nematode" style="font-weight: bold">nematode</span>'''
:Nematodes are unsegmented, bilaterally symmetric and triploblastic protostomes with a complete digestive system.

'''<span id="nitrogen oxides" style="font-weight: bold">nitrogen oxides</span>'''

'''<span id="noninfectious disease" style="font-weight: bold">noninfectious disease</span>'''

'''<span id="nonpathogenic" style="font-weight: bold">nonpathogenic (syn. avirulent) </span>'''

'''<span id="nonpersistent transmission" style="font-weight: bold">nonpersistent transmission (syn. stylet-borne transmission)</span>'''

'''<span id="nonseptate" style="font-weight: bold">nonseptate</span>'''

== O ==

'''<span id="obligate parasite" style="font-weight: bold">obligate parasite (syn. biotroph)</span>'''

'''<span id="occlusion" style="font-weight: bold">occlusion</span>'''

'''<span id="oedema" style="font-weight: bold">oedema (also edema; syn. intumescence)  </span>'''

'''<span id="oligogenic resistance" style="font-weight: bold">oligogenic resistance</span>'''

'''<span id="oogonium" style="font-weight: bold">oogonium (pl. oogonia)</span>'''
:An [[Biology:Oogonium|oogonium]] is a female gametogonium.

'''<span id="oomycetes" style="font-weight: bold">oomycetes (adj. oomycetous)</span>'''

'''<span id="oospore" style="font-weight: bold">oospore</span>'''

'''<span id="ooze" style="font-weight: bold">ooze</span>'''

'''<span id="ostiole" style="font-weight: bold">ostiole (adj. ostiolate)</span>'''

'''<span id="overwinter" style="font-weight: bold">overwinter</span>'''

== P ==

'''<span id="pandemic" style="font-weight: bold">pandemic</span>'''

'''<span id="papilla" style="font-weight: bold">papilla</span>'''

'''<span id="paragynous" style="font-weight: bold">paragynous</span>'''

'''<span id="parasexualism" style="font-weight: bold">parasexualism</span>'''

'''<span id="parasite" style="font-weight: bold">parasite (adj. parasitic)</span>'''

'''<span id="parasitism" style="font-weight: bold">parasitism</span>'''

'''<span id="parthenogenesis" style="font-weight: bold">parthenogenesis (adj. parthenogenetic)</span>'''

'''<span id="partial resistance" style="font-weight: bold">partial resistance</span>'''

'''<span id="pasteurization" style="font-weight: bold">pasteurization</span>'''

'''<span id="pathogen" style="font-weight: bold">pathogen (adj. pathogenic) </span>'''

'''<span id="pathogenesis-related proteins" style="font-weight: bold">pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins</span>'''

'''<span id="pathogenicity" style="font-weight: bold">pathogenicity</span>'''

'''<span id="pathology" style="font-weight: bold">pathology</span>'''

'''<span id="pathotype" style="font-weight: bold">pathotype</span>'''

'''<span id="pathovar" style="font-weight: bold">[[Biology:Pathovar|pathovar]] (abbr. pv.) </span>'''

'''<span id="penetration" style="font-weight: bold">penetration</span>'''

'''<span id="penetration peg" style="font-weight: bold">penetration peg (syn. infection peg) </span>'''

'''<span id="perfect state" style="font-weight: bold">perfect (see teleomorph)</span>'''

'''<span id="perithecium" style="font-weight: bold">perithecium (pl. perithecia)</span>'''

'''<span id="peritrichate" style="font-weight: bold">peritrichate</span>'''

'''<span id="persistent transmission" style="font-weight: bold">persistent transmission (syn. circulative transmission) </span>'''

'''<span id="pest" style="font-weight: bold">pest</span>'''

'''<span id="pesticide" style="font-weight: bold">pesticide</span>'''

'''<span id="phenological synchrony" style="font-weight: bold">phenological synchrony</span>'''

'''<span id="phenotype" style="font-weight: bold">phenotype</span>'''

'''<span id="phloem necrosis" style="font-weight: bold">phloem necrosis</span>'''

'''<span id="Phycomycete" style="font-weight: bold">Phycomycete</span>'''

'''<span id="phyllody" style="font-weight: bold">phyllody</span>'''

'''<span id="phylloplane-competent" style="font-weight: bold">phylloplane-competent</span>'''

'''<span id="physiogenic disease" style="font-weight: bold">physiogenic disease</span>'''

'''<span id="phytoalexin" style="font-weight: bold">phytoalexin</span>'''

'''<span id="phytopathogenic" style="font-weight: bold">phytopathogenic</span>'''

'''<span id="phytopathology" style="font-weight: bold">phytopathology (syn. plant pathology) </span>'''

'''<span id="phytoplasma" style="font-weight: bold">phytoplasma (syn. mycoplasmalike organism, MLO) </span>'''

'''<span id="phytosanitary certificate" style="font-weight: bold">phytosanitary certificate</span>'''

'''<span id="phytotoxic" style="font-weight: bold">phytotoxic</span>'''

'''<span id="plant pathology" style="font-weight: bold">plant pathology (syn. phytopathology) </span>'''

'''<span id="plasmodiophoromycetes" style="font-weight: bold">plasmodiophoromycetes</span>'''

'''<span id="plasmodium" style="font-weight: bold">plasmodium (pl. plasmodia) </span>'''

'''<span id="polycyclic" style="font-weight: bold">polycyclic</span>'''

'''<span id="polyetic" style="font-weight: bold">polyetic</span>'''

'''<span id="polygenic resistance" style="font-weight: bold">polygenic resistance (syn. multigenic resistance)</span>'''

'''<span id="polymorphism" style="font-weight: bold">polymorphism</span>'''

'''<span id="polyprotein" style="font-weight: bold">polyprotein</span>'''

'''<span id="powdery mildew" style="font-weight: bold">powdery mildew</span>'''

'''<span id="predispose" style="font-weight: bold">predispose (n. predisposition)</span>'''

'''<span id="primary inoculum" style="font-weight: bold">primary inoculum (syn. initial inoculum) </span>'''

'''<span id="proinhibitin" style="font-weight: bold">proinhibitin</span>'''

'''<span id="prokaryote" style="font-weight: bold">prokaryote</span>'''

'''<span id="promycelium" style="font-weight: bold">promycelium (pl. promycelia)  </span>'''

'''<span id="propagative transmission" style="font-weight: bold">propagative transmission (syn. circulative propagative transmission)  </span>'''

'''<span id="propagule" style="font-weight: bold">propagule</span>'''

'''<span id="protectant" style="font-weight: bold">protectant</span>'''

'''<span id="protectant fungicide" style="font-weight: bold">protectant fungicide (syn. contact fungicide)</span>'''

'''<span id="pseudothecium" style="font-weight: bold">pseudothecium (pl. pseudothecia)</span>'''

'''<span id="Puccinia pathway" style="font-weight: bold">Puccinia pathway</span>'''

'''<span id="pustule" style="font-weight: bold">pustule</span>'''

'''<span id="pv" style="font-weight: bold">pv. (abbr. for [[Biology:Pathovar|pathovar]])</span>'''

'''<span id="pycnidiospore" style="font-weight: bold">pycnidiospore</span>'''

'''<span id="pycnium" style="font-weight: bold">pycnium (pl. pycnia; syn. spermagonium) </span>'''

'''<span id="" style="font-weight: bold"></span>'''

'''<span id="" style="font-weight: bold"></span>'''

== Q ==

'''<span id="qualitative resistance" style="font-weight: bold">qualitative resistance</span>'''

'''<span id="quantitative resistance" style="font-weight: bold">quantitative resistance</span>'''

'''<span id="quarantine" style="font-weight: bold">quarantine</span>'''

'''<span id="quiescent" style="font-weight: bold">quiescent</span>'''

'''<span id="quiescent" style="font-weight: bold">quiescent</span>'''

'''<span id="dormant or inactive" style="font-weight: bold">dormant or inactive</span>'''

'''<span id="quorum sensing" style="font-weight: bold">quorum sensing</span>'''

== R ==

'''<span id="race" style="font-weight: bold">race</span>'''

'''<span id="race non-specific resistance" style="font-weight: bold">race non-specific resistance (syn. general resistance, horizontal resistance)</span>'''

'''<span id="receptive hypha" style="font-weight: bold">receptive hypha</span>'''

'''<span id="reniform" style="font-weight: bold">reniform</span>'''

'''<span id="resinosis" style="font-weight: bold">resinosis</span>'''

'''<span id="resistant (n. resistance)  " style="font-weight: bold">resistant (n. resistance)  </span>'''

'''<span id="rhizomorph" style="font-weight: bold">rhizomorph</span>'''

'''<span id="rhizosphere" style="font-weight: bold">rhizosphere</span>'''

'''<span id="rhizosphere-competent" style="font-weight: bold">rhizosphere-competent</span>'''

'''<span id="ringspot" style="font-weight: bold">ringspot</span>'''

'''<span id="rosette" style="font-weight: bold">rosette</span>'''

'''<span id="rot" style="font-weight: bold">rot</span>'''

'''<span id="roundworm" style="font-weight: bold">roundworm</span>'''

'''<span id="rugose" style="font-weight: bold">rugose</span>'''

'''<span id="russet" style="font-weight: bold">russet</span>'''

'''<span id="rust" style="font-weight: bold">rust</span>'''

== S ==

'''<span id="sanitation" style="font-weight: bold">sanitation</span>'''

'''<span id="sap transmission" style="font-weight: bold">sap transmission</span>'''

'''<span id="saprobe (syn. saprotroph)" style="font-weight: bold">saprobe (syn. saprotroph)</span>'''

'''<span id="saprophyte" style="font-weight: bold">saprotroph</span>'''
:A saprotroph (or saprobe) is an organism that obtains its nutrients from non-living organic matter, usually dead and decaying plant or animal matter, by absorbing soluble organic compounds.
'''<span id="scab" style="font-weight: bold">scab</span>'''

'''<span id="scald" style="font-weight: bold">scald</span>'''

'''<span id="sclerenchyma" style="font-weight: bold">sclerenchyma (adj. sclerenchymatous)</span>'''

'''<span id="sclerotium" style="font-weight: bold">sclerotium (pl. sclerotia) </span>'''
:A [[Biology:Sclerotium|sclerotium]] is a compact mass of hardened mycelium (as an ergot) stored with reserve food material that in some higher fungi becomes detached and remains dormant until a favorable opportunity for growth occurs.

'''<span id="scorch" style="font-weight: bold">scorch</span>'''

'''<span id="secondary infection" style="font-weight: bold">secondary infection</span>'''

'''<span id="secondary inoculum" style="font-weight: bold">secondary inoculum</span>'''

'''<span id="secondary metabolite" style="font-weight: bold">secondary metabolite</span>'''

'''<span id="secondary organism" style="font-weight: bold">secondary organism</span>'''

'''<span id="seed treatment" style="font-weight: bold">seed treatment</span>'''

'''<span id="seedborne" style="font-weight: bold">seedborne</span>'''

'''<span id="selective medium " style="font-weight: bold">selective medium </span>'''

'''<span id="septate" style="font-weight: bold">septate</span>'''

'''<span id="serrate" style="font-weight: bold">serrate</span>'''

'''<span id="sessile" style="font-weight: bold">sessile</span>'''

'''<span id="seta" style="font-weight: bold">seta (pl. setae)</span>'''

'''<span id="severity values" style="font-weight: bold"severity values></span>'''

'''<span id="sexual spore" style="font-weight: bold">sexual spore</span>'''

'''<span id="sexually compatible" style="font-weight: bold">sexually compatible</span>'''

'''<span id="shot-hole" style="font-weight: bold">shot-hole</span>'''

'''<span id="sign" style="font-weight: bold">sign</span>'''

'''<span id="single gene resistance" style="font-weight: bold">single gene resistance (syn. monogenic resistance)</span>'''

'''<span id="slime molds" style="font-weight: bold">slime molds (syn. Myxomycetes)</span>'''

'''<span id="smut" style="font-weight: bold">smut</span>'''

'''<span id="soft rot" style="font-weight: bold">soft rot</span>'''

'''<span id="soil drench" style="font-weight: bold">soil drench</span>'''

'''<span id="soilborne" style="font-weight: bold">soilborne</span>'''

'''<span id="soil pasteurization" style="font-weight: bold">soil pasteurization</span>'''

'''<span id="soil sterilization" style="font-weight: bold">soil sterilization</span>'''

'''<span id="solarization" style="font-weight: bold">solarization</span>'''

'''<span id="sooty mold" style="font-weight: bold">sooty mold</span>'''

'''<span id="sorus" style="font-weight: bold">sorus (pl. sori)</span>'''

'''<span id="sp." style="font-weight: bold">sp. (abbr. for species; pl. spp.)</span>'''

'''<span id="species" style="font-weight: bold">species</span>'''

'''<span id="specific resistance" style="font-weight: bold">specific resistance (syn. vertical resistance)</span>'''

'''<span id="spermagonium" style="font-weight: bold">spermagonium (pl. spermagonia; syn. pycnium for rust fungi) </span>'''

'''<span id="spermatium" style="font-weight: bold">spermatium (pl. spermatia; syn. pycniospore for rust fungi)</span>'''

'''<span id="spicule" style="font-weight: bold">spicule</span>'''

'''<span id="spiroplasma" style="font-weight: bold">spiroplasma – helical, motile, cell wall-less bacterium; member of genus Spiroplasma in class Mollicutes</span>'''

'''<span id="sporangiophore" style="font-weight: bold">sporangiophore</span>'''

'''<span id="sporangiospore" style="font-weight: bold">sporangiospore</span>'''

'''<span id="sporangium" style="font-weight: bold">sporangium (pl. sporangia)</span>'''

'''<span id="spore" style="font-weight: bold">spore</span>'''

'''<span id="sporidium" style="font-weight: bold">sporidium (pl.sporidia)</span>'''

'''<span id="sporocarp" style="font-weight: bold">sporocarp</span>'''

'''<span id="spore-bearing fruiting body" style="font-weight: bold">spore-bearing fruiting body</span>'''

'''<span id="sporodochium" style="font-weight: bold">sporodochium (pl.sporodochia)</span>'''

'''<span id="sporogenous" style="font-weight: bold">sporogenous</span>'''

'''<span id="sporophore" style="font-weight: bold">sporophore</span>'''

'''<span id="sporophyte" style="font-weight: bold">sporophyte</span>'''

'''<span id="sporulate" style="font-weight: bold">sporulate</span>'''

'''<span id="spot" style="font-weight: bold">spot</span>'''

'''<span id="stabilizing selection" style="font-weight: bold">stabilizing selection</span>'''

'''<span id="staghead" style="font-weight: bold">staghead</span>'''

'''<span id="stem pitting" style="font-weight: bold">stem pitting</span>'''

'''<span id="sterigma" style="font-weight: bold">[[Biology:Sterigma|sterigma]] (pl. sterigmata)</span>'''

'''<span id="sterilant" style="font-weight: bold">sterilant</span>'''

'''<span id="sterile fungus" style="font-weight: bold">sterile fungus</span>'''

'''<span id="sterilization" style="font-weight: bold">sterilization (adj. sterilized)</span>'''

'''<span id="stippling" style="font-weight: bold">stippling</span>'''

'''<span id="strain" style="font-weight: bold">strain</span>'''

'''<span id="streak" style="font-weight: bold">streak</span>'''

'''<span id="striate" style="font-weight: bold">striate (n. striations)</span>'''

'''<span id="stroma" style="font-weight: bold">stroma (pl. stromata)</span>'''

'''<span id="stunting" style="font-weight: bold">stunting</span>'''

'''<span id="stylet knob" style="font-weight: bold">stylet knob (syn. basal knob)</span>'''

'''<span id="stylet-borne transmission" style="font-weight: bold">stylet-borne transmission (syn. nonpersistent transmission)</span>'''

'''<span id="subspecies" style="font-weight: bold">subspecies</span>'''

'''<span id="substrate" style="font-weight: bold">substrate</span>'''

'''<span id="sunscald or sunburn" style="font-weight: bold">sunscald or sunburn</span>'''

'''<span id="suppressive soil" style="font-weight: bold">suppressive soil</span>'''

'''<span id="susceptible (n. susceptibility)" style="font-weight: bold">susceptible (n. susceptibility)</span>'''

'''<span id="symptom" style="font-weight: bold">symptom</span>'''

'''<span id="symptomless carrier" style="font-weight: bold">symptomless carrier</span>'''

'''<span id="syncytium" style="font-weight: bold">syncytium (pl. syncytia)</span>'''

'''<span id="synergism" style="font-weight: bold">synergism (adj. synergistic)</span>'''

'''<span id="synnema" style="font-weight: bold">synnema (pl. synnemata; syn. coremium)</span>'''

'''<span id="systematics" style="font-weight: bold">systematics</span>'''

'''<span id="systemic" style="font-weight: bold">systemic</span>'''

'''<span id="systemic acquired resistance" style="font-weight: bold">systemic acquired resistance (SAR) </span>'''

'''<span id="systemic fungicide" style="font-weight: bold">systemic fungicide</span>'''

== T ==

'''<span id="teleomorph" style="font-weight: bold">teleomorph (syn. perfect state)</span>'''

'''<span id="teliospore" style="font-weight: bold">teliospore (sometimes called teleutospore, teleutosporodesm)  </span>'''
:[[Biology:Teliospore|Teliospore]] (sometimes called teleutospore) is the thick-walled resting spore of some fungi (rusts and smuts), from which the basidium arises.

'''<span id="telium" style="font-weight: bold">[[Biology:Telium|telium]] (pl. telia)</span>'''

'''<span id="temporary wilt" style="font-weight: bold">temporary wilt</span>'''

'''<span id="thallus" style="font-weight: bold">thallus</span>'''

'''<span id="thermotherapy" style="font-weight: bold">thermotherapy</span>'''

'''<span id="tolerance (adj. tolerant) " style="font-weight: bold">tolerance (adj. tolerant) </span>'''

'''<span id="toxicity" style="font-weight: bold">toxicity</span>'''

'''<span id="toxin" style="font-weight: bold">toxin</span>'''

'''<span id="transmit" style="font-weight: bold">transmit (n. transmission)</span>'''

'''<span id="trap crop" style="font-weight: bold">trap crop</span>'''

'''<span id="transmit" style="font-weight: bold">transmit (n. transmission)</span>'''

'''<span id="trenching " style="font-weight: bold">trenching </span>'''

'''<span id="tumor (syn. gall)" style="font-weight: bold">tumor (syn. gall)</span>'''

'''<span id="type" style="font-weight: bold">type</span>'''

== U ==

'''<span id="urediniospore" style="font-weight: bold">[[Biology:Urediniospore|urediniospore]] (also urediospore, uredospore) </span>'''

'''<span id="uredinium" style="font-weight: bold">uredinium (also uredium; pl. uredinia)</span>'''

== V ==

'''<span id="vascular wilt disease" style="font-weight: bold">vascular wilt disease</span>'''

'''<span id="vector" style="font-weight: bold">vector</span>'''

'''<span id="vein banding" style="font-weight: bold">vein banding</span>'''

'''<span id="vein clearing" style="font-weight: bold">vein clearing</span>'''

'''<span id="vermiform" style="font-weight: bold">vermiform</span>'''

'''<span id="vertical resistance" style="font-weight: bold">vertical resistance (syn. specific resistance)</span>'''

'''<span id="viable" style="font-weight: bold">viable (n. viability)</span>'''

'''<span id="virescence" style="font-weight: bold">virescence</span>'''

'''<span id="virion" style="font-weight: bold">virion</span>'''

'''<span id="viroid" style="font-weight: bold">viroid</span>'''

'''<span id="viroplasm" style="font-weight: bold">viroplasm</span>'''

'''<span id="virulence" style="font-weight: bold">virulence</span>'''

'''<span id="virulent" style="font-weight: bold">virulent</span>'''

'''<span id="viruliferous" style="font-weight: bold">viruliferous</span>'''

'''<span id="virus-laden" style="font-weight: bold">virus-laden, usually applied to insects or nematodes as vectors</span>'''

'''<span id="virus" style="font-weight: bold">virus</span>'''
:A [[Biology:Virus|virus]] is a microscopic particle (ranging in size from 20 – 300 nm) that can infect the cells of a biological organism.

'''<span id="viscin" style="font-weight: bold">viscin</span>'''

== W ==

'''<span id="walling-off" style="font-weight: bold">walling-off</span>'''

'''<span id="water-soaked" style="font-weight: bold">water-soaked</span>'''

'''<span id="white rot (of wood)" style="font-weight: bold">white rot (of wood)</span>'''

'''<span id="white rust" style="font-weight: bold">white rust</span>'''

'''<span id="wild type" style="font-weight: bold">wild type</span>'''

'''<span id="wilt" style="font-weight: bold">wilt</span>'''

'''<span id="winterburn" style="font-weight: bold">winterburn</span>'''

'''<span id="witches' broom" style="font-weight: bold">witches' broom</span>'''

'''<span id="wound" style="font-weight: bold">wound</span>'''

== X ==

'''<span id="XLB (xylem-limited fastidious bacteria)" style="font-weight: bold">XLB (xylem-limited fastidious bacteria)</span>'''

'''<span id="xylem-limited fastidious bacteria (XLB)" style="font-weight: bold">xylem-limited fastidious bacteria (XLB)</span>'''

== Y ==

'''<span id="yellowing" style="font-weight: bold">yellowing</span>'''

'''<span id="yellows" style="font-weight: bold">yellows</span>'''

== Z ==

'''<span id="zonate" style="font-weight: bold">zonate</span>'''

'''<span id="zoosporangium" style="font-weight: bold">zoosporangium</span>'''

'''<span id="zoospore" style="font-weight: bold">zoospore</span>'''
:A [[Biology:Zoospore|zoospore]] is a motile asexual spore utilizing a flagellum for locomotion.

'''<span id="Zygomycetes" style="font-weight: bold">Zygomycetes</span>'''

'''<span id="zygospore" style="font-weight: bold">zygospore</span>'''
:A [[Biology:Zygospore|zygospore]] is a sexual part of a fungus, a chlamydospore that is created by the nuclear fusion of haploid hyphae of different mating types.

== References ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070204153811/http://www.apsnet.org/education/IllustratedGlossary/ Illustrated Glossary of Plant Pathology, American Phytopathological Society]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070219065836/http://plant-disease.ippc.orst.edu/glossary.cfm Plant Disease Control Glossary, Oregon State University]
* [http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Terms/TermsFrame.html Mycological Glossary, Illinois Mycological Association]
* [http://www.plantpath.cornell.edu/glossary/Glossary.htm On-Line Glossary of Technical Terms in Plant Pathology, Cornell University] (with pronunciation guide)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Glossary Of Phytopathology}}
[[Category:Phytopathology]]
[[Category:Glossaries of botany|Phytopathology]]

{{Sourceattribution|Glossary of phytopathology}}