View source for Biology:Hexalobus crispiflorus

{{Short description|Species of plant in the family Annonaceae}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Hexalobus grandiflorus.jpg
|image_caption = Botanical illustration of ''Hexalobus crispiflorus'' (using the synonym ''Hexalobus grandiflorus'')<ref name=Baillon>{{cite book |last=Baillon |first=H. |date=1867 |title= Histoire des plantes |trans-title= History of plants |url= https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.40796 |language=fr |volume=1 |location=Paris |publisher= Hachette and Co.}}</ref>
|status=LC
|status_system=IUCN3.1
|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Cosiaux, A. |author2=Couvreur, T.L.P. |author3=Erkens, R.H.J. |date=2019 |title=''Hexalobus crispiflorus'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T132520218A132520527 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132520218A132520527.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>

|genus = Hexalobus
|species = crispiflorus
|authority = A. Rich.
|synonyms = ''Hexalobus grandiflorus'' <small>Benth.</small><br/>
''Hexalobus lujae'' <small>De Wild.</small><br/>
''Hexalobus mbula'' <small>Exell</small><br/>
}}

'''''Hexalobus crispiflorus''''' is a species of [[Biology:Plant|plant]] in the family [[Biology:Annonaceae|Annonaceae]]. It is native to Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, DR Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Togo and Zaire.<ref>{{cite web 
|url= https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:73705-1
|title= Hexalobus crispiflorus A.Rich.
|author=<!--Not stated--> 
|date=n.d. 
|website=Plants of the World Online 
|publisher=The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 
|access-date=February 6, 2019}}</ref> Achille Richard, the French botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its wavy ({{lang|la|crispus}} in Latin) petals of its flowers.<ref name=Richard1845>{{cite book |last=Richard |first=Achille |date=1845 |title=Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l'ile de Cuba. Botanique – Plantes Vasculaires |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/20572  |language=French, Latin |volume=10 |location=Paris |publisher=A. Bertrand |page=43 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Stearn | first = William | title = Botanical Latin | publisher = Timber Press David & Charles | location = Portland, Ore. Newton Abbot | year = 2004 | isbn = 9780881926279 }}</ref>

==Description==
It is a tree reaching 40 meters in height. Its trunk has deep vertical channels. Its brown to rust-colored bark has vertical cracks and peels off in long narrow strips. Its small branches are covered in dense hairs. Its [[Biology:Petiole (botany)|petioles]] are 2-8 by 1–2.5 millimeters and covered in dense light-colored to brown hairs. Its elliptical to lance-shaped, leathery leaves are 7.2-25 by 2.5-8.5 centimeters with tapering tips that end in a blunt point and bases that are varyingly heat-shaped, rounded or wedge-shaped.  The upper surfaces of the leaves are glossy, grey, hairless and sometimes have a puckered appearance from their venation. The undersides of the leaves are covered in sparse brown hairs that are 0.3 millimeters long. The leaves have 9-19 pairs of secondary veins emanating from their midribs at angles of 42°-75°. Its fragrant, bisexual flowers occur in groups of 1–3 on [[Biology:Peduncle (botany)|peduncle]]s that are 2-13 by 1-2 millimeters. The flowers are attached to the peduncles by [[Biology:Pedicel (botany)|pedicels]] that are 4-17 by 1.2-3 millimeters. The peduncle has 5-6 [[Biology:Bract|bract]]s  that are 8-12 by 4-9 millimeters. The top two bracts are fused at their base to form a tube that is 4 millimeters long. The peduncle and pedicles are covered in dense golden to rusty hairs. Its 3 [[Biology:Sepal|sepal]]s are 12-21 by 5.5-16 millimeters and bent backwards at maturity. The outer surfaces of sepals are densely covered in 0.1-millimeter-long rust-colored hairs interspersed with longer hairs up to 2 millimeters. The insides of the sepals are densely covered in curly hairs. Its flowers have 6 petals that are fused at the base to form a 6-lobed corolla that is yellow with a purple base. The basal tubes of the corollas are 4-10 millimeters long. The lance-shaped lobes are 37-80 by 6-21 millimeters with rounded tips. The corollas are covered with light-colored to brown hairs except on the basal internal surfaces which are sometimes hairless. The margins of the lobes of the corolla are wavy. Its flowers have numerous oblong [[Biology:Stamen|stamen]] that are 3–5.1 by 0.5-0.8 millimeters.  
The connective tissue between the lobes of the anther extends upward to form a rounded cap. 
Its flowers have 7-16 densely hairy [[Biology:Gynoecium|carpels]]. Its [[Biology:Stigma (botany)|stigma]] are positioned horizontally on the [[Biology:Ovary (botany)|ovaries]] and are 2.1-3.5 by 1.1-3.1 millimeters. The smooth, oblong to elliptical fruit occur in groups of 1-8 and are 4.2-9.5 by 3.5-6.5 centimeters. The fruit range from hairless to densely covered in velvety rust-colored hairs that are 0.1 millimeters long. The fruit have 12-36 brown, flattened, elliptical, convex seeds that are 2.8-4 by 1.7-2 by 0.5-0.9 centimeters.<ref name=Richard1845/><ref name="BotermansSosef2011">{{cite journal |last1=Botermans |first1=Marleen |last2=Sosef |first2=Marc S. M. |last3=Chatrou |first3=Lars W. |last4=Couvreur |first4=Thomas L. P. |title=Revision of the African Genus Hexalobus (Annonaceae)|journal=Systematic Botany|volume=36|issue=1|year=2011|pages=33–48|issn=0363-6445|doi=10.1600/036364411X553108|s2cid=85576103 }}</ref>

===Reproductive biology===
The pollen of ''H. bussei'' is shed as permanent tetrads.<ref name=BotermansSosef2011/>

==Habitat and distribution==
It has been observed growing in tropical rainforests and woodland savannas at elevations of 0 to 1000 meters.<ref name=BotermansSosef2011/>

==Uses==
Bioactive molecules extracted from its bark have been reported to have antiplasmodial activity in tests with ''[[Biology:Plasmodium falciparum|Plasmodium falciparum]]''.<ref name="BoyomNgouana2003">{{cite journal|last1=Boyom|first1=Fabrice Fekam|last2=Ngouana|first2=Vincent|last3=Zollo|first3=Paul Henri Amvam|last4=Menut|first4=Chantal|last5=Bessiere|first5=Jean Marie|last6=Gut|first6=Jiri|last7=Rosenthal|first7=Philip J|title=Composition and anti-plasmodial activities of essential oils from some Cameroonian medicinal plants|journal=Phytochemistry|volume=64|issue=7|year=2003|pages=1269–1275|issn=0031-9422|doi=10.1016/j.phytochem.2003.08.004|pmid=14599525}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q15361929}}

[[Category:Annonaceae|Hexalobus]]

{{Sourceattribution|Hexalobus crispiflorus}}