View source for Biology:International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature

The '''International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature''' (previously '''International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature'''), '''ISCN''' in short, is an international standard for human chromosome [[Social:Nomenclature|nomenclature]], which includes band names, symbols and abbreviated terms used in the description of human chromosome and chromosome abnormalities.
The ISCN has been used as the central reference among [[Biology:Cytogenetics|cytogeneticist]]s since 1960.<ref name="Slovak2013">Slovak M.L., Theisen A., Shaffer L.G. (2013) "Human Chromosome Nomenclature: An Overview and Definition of Terms." In: Gersen S., Keagle M. (eds) ''The Principles of Clinical Cytogenetics.'' Springer, New York, NY {{doi|10.1007/978-1-4419-1688-4_3}}</ref><ref name="pmid20110655">{{cite journal|vauthors=Brothman AR, Persons DL, Shaffer LG | title=Nomenclature evolution: Changes in the ISCN from the 2005 to the 2009 edition. | journal=Cytogenet Genome Res | year= 2009 | volume= 127 | issue= 1 | pages= 1–4 | pmid=20110655 | doi=10.1159/000279442 | doi-access=free }}</ref>

[[File:Three chromosomal abnormalities with ISCN nomenclature.png|thumb|330px|Three chromosomal abnormalities with ISCN nomenclature, with increasing complexity: '''(A)''' A tumour karyotype in a male with loss of the Y chromosome, '''(B)''' Prader–Willi Syndrome i.e. deletion in the 15q11-q12 region and '''(C)''' an arbitrary karyotype that involves a variety of autosomal and allosomal abnormalities.<ref>{{cite journal| author=Warrender JD, Moorman AV, Lord P| title=A fully computational and reasonable representation for karyotypes. | journal=Bioinformatics | year= 2019 | volume= 35 | issue= 24 | pages= 5264–5270 | pmid=31228194 | doi=10.1093/bioinformatics/btz440 | pmc=6954653 }}<br>- "This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)"</ref>]]
[[File:Human karyotype with bands and sub-bands.png|thumb|300px|Human [[Biology:Karyotype|karyotype]] with annotated bands and sub-bands as used for the nomenclature of chromosome abnormalities. It shows dark and white regions as seen on G banding. Each row is vertically aligned at centromere level. It shows 22 homologous autosomal chromosome pairs, both the female (XX) and male (XY) versions of the two sex chromosomes, as well as the mitochondrial genome (at bottom left). {{further|Karyotype}}]]

Abbreviations of this system include a minus sign (-) for chromosome deletions, and ''del'' for deletions of parts of a chromosome.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coriell.org/0/sections/support/global/iscn_help.aspx?PgId=263|title=ISCN Symbols and Abbreviated Terms|website=Coriell Institute for Medical Research|accessdate=2022-10-27}}</ref>

==Revision history==
* ISCN (2020).  [[Company:Karger Publishers|S. Karger Publishing]]. {{ISBN|978-3318068672}}
* ISCN (2016).  [[Company:Karger Publishers|S. Karger Publishing]]. {{ISBN|978-3318058574}}
* ISCN (2013).  [[Company:Karger Publishers|S. Karger Publishing]]. {{ISBN|978-3318022537}}
* ISCN (2009).  [[Company:Karger Publishers|S. Karger Publishing]]. {{ISBN|978-3805589857}}
* ISCN (2005).  [[Company:Karger Publishers|S. Karger Publishing]]. {{ISBN|978-3805580199}}
* ISCN (1995).  [[Company:Karger Publishers|S. Karger Publishing]]. {{ISBN|978-3805562263}}
* ISCN (1991).  [[Company:Karger Publishers|S. Karger Publishing]]. {{ISBN|978-3805555678}}
* ISCN (1985).  [[Company:Karger Publishers|S. Karger Publishing]]. {{ISBN|978-3805538701}}
* ISCN (1981).  [[Company:Karger Publishers|S. Karger Publishing]]. {{ISBN|978-3805534840}}
* ISCN (1978).  [[Company:Karger Publishers|S. Karger Publishing]]. {{ISBN|978-3805530118}}
* Paris Conference (1971): [https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/130202 "Standardization in Human Cytogenetics." (PDF)] ''Birth Defects: Original Article Series'', Vol 8, No 7 (The National Foundation, New York 1972)
* Chicago Conference (1966): "Standardization in Human Cytogenetics." ''Birth Defects: Original Article Series'', Vol 2, No 2 (The National Foundation, New York 1966).
* London Conference (1963): [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1932455/?page=1 "London Conference on the Normal Human Karyotype."] ''Cytogenetics'' 2:264–268 (1963)
* Denver Conference (1960): [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1932263/?page=1 "A proposed standard system of nomenclature of human mitotic chromosomes."] ''The Lancet'' 275.7133 (1960): 1063-1065.

==See also==
* [[Biology:Locus (genetics)|Locus (genetics)]]
* [[Biology:Cytogenetic notation|Cytogenetic notation]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.hgvs.org/mutnomen/ISCN.html About the ISCN recommendations] - Human Genome Variation Society

{{Chromosome genetics}}

[[Category:Cytogenetics]]
[[Category:Biological nomenclature]]

{{Sourceattribution|International System for Human Cytogenomic Nomenclature}}