View source for Biology:Jasminum polyanthum

{{Short description|Species of jasmine}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = (MHNT) Jasminum polyanthum – flowers and buds.jpg
|genus = Jasminum
|species = polyanthum
|authority = [[Biography:Adrien René Franchet|Franch.]]
}}

'''''Jasminum polyanthum''''' ({{zh|c=多花素馨|p=Duōhuāsùxīn}}),<ref name = FoC>{{eFloras|2|210000882}}</ref> the '''many-flowered jasmine''',<ref name = RHSPF/> '''pink jasmine''',<ref name = EOL>{{EOL|2899031}}</ref> or '''white jasmine''',<ref name=Guardian2023/> is a [[Biology:Species|species]] of [[Biology:Flowering plant|flowering plant]] in the olive family Oleaceae, native to {{wipe|China}} and Myanmar.<ref>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=351496 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, ''Jasminum polyanthum'']</ref> A strong evergreen twining [[Biology:Vine|climber]], it is especially noted for its abundant, highly fragrant pink to white flowers.

==Name==
The Latin [[Biology:Binomial nomenclature|specific epithet]] ''polyanthum'' means "many-flowered".<ref name=RHSLG>{{cite book |last=Harrison |first=Lorraine |title=RHS Latin for Gardeners |year=2012 |publisher=Mitchell Beazley |location=United Kingdom |isbn=978-1845337315 }}</ref>

==Description==
[[File:Chinese_jasmine_in_spring_bloom.JPG|thumb]]
When supported, the plant can grow up to {{convert|6|m|ft|abbr=off}} in height. The compound leaves with 5 to 9 leaflets are dark green on the upper surface and a lighter green beneath, with glabrous, [[Biology:Terete|terete]] or angular branches. The terminal [[Biology:Leaflet (botany)|leaflet]] is noticeably larger than the other leaflets.

===Inflorescence===
The species is [[Biology:Heterostyly|heterostylous]], meaning that a few distinct flower morphs (forms) are available, though each plant bears only one morph. In late winter and early spring it produces an abundance of reddish-pink flower buds, followed by fragrant five-petalled starry white flowers which are about 2 cm ({{fraction|3|4}} inch) in diameter. The [[Biology:Bract|bract]]s are subulate (tapering to a point), 1-6  mm. Each flower is carried by a [[Biology:Pedicel (botany)|pedicel]] (single stalk) of 0.5 - 2.5cm ({{fraction|1|5}} - 1 inch) The calyx forms a 1-2 mm tube terminating in 5 triangular or subulate-linear lobes, only 2 mm long, and a corolla, white, with a red underside and red buttons. The fruit is a black, globular berry.<ref>Fred Whitsey, Tony Lord, The garden at Hidcote, Londres, Frances Lincoln, 2011, 160 p. ({{ISBN|978-0-7112-3235-8}} et 0711232350)</ref>

== Distribution and habitat ==
The plant is native to the mountainous areas of Southwest China, particularly Guizhou, Sichuan and Yunnan, as well as Myanmar. It lives in valleys and forests at elevations between {{convert|1400 and 3000|m|abbr=on}}.

==Cultivation==
''Jasminum polyanthum'' is well known as a house plant in the US and Europe. It grows fast and easily, and flowers well.<ref name=garden>See for instance [http://www.floridata.com/ref/J/jasm_pol.cfm ''Jasminum polyanthum'' in Floridata.com]</ref> It can also grow in the garden, when climate conditions are good; but it cannot tolerate freezing temperatures<ref name = RHSPF/> ([[Hardiness zone|USDA hardiness zones]]: 8 - 11). Outside it can be used to cover walls and fences etc., in suitable climates, in sun or light shade. It is propagated by seed and by [[Biology:Basal shoot|suckers]].

''Jasminum polyanthum'' was given the Award of Garden Merit (AGM) by the RHS in 1993.<ref name = RHSPF>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/9457/i-Jasminum-polyanthum-i/Details
| title = RHS Plantfinder - ''Jasminum polyanthum'' | accessdate = 14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web  | url= https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/pdfs/agm-lists/agm-ornamentals.pdf | title = AGM Plants - Ornamental | date = July 2017 | page = 56 
| publisher = Royal Horticultural Society | accessdate = 14 March 2018}}</ref>   It was chosen on the Bicentenary list of 200 plants for the RHS: 
“This popular houseplant is an easily-grown, evergreen, half-hardy climber with loose panicles in summer of many strongly-fragrant pink-backed, white, trumpet-shaped flowers. It does not suffer pest or disease problems and is simple to propagate.”<ref name=rhs>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rhs.org.uk/Learning/publications/pubs/garden0204/committees.asp |title="The Garden" 2004 |access-date=2008-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070909020439/http://www.rhs.org.uk/Learning/publications/pubs/garden0204/committees.asp |archive-date=2007-09-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Invasive species==
''Jasminum polyanthum'' is naturalized in {{wipe|Australia}}<ref name=au1>[http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Jasminum~polyanthum ''Jasminum polyanthum'' in Australia]</ref> and [[Earth:New Zealand|New Zealand]].<ref name=nz1>[http://nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.asp?ID=3324 Information on ''Jasminum polyanthum'' on NZPCN (New Zealand Plant Conservation Network)]</ref> It can be regarded as an invasive species in these regions.<ref name=aunz>e.g. [http://www.weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.php ''Jasminum polyanthum'' on the Weeds of Blue Mountains Bushland website (Australia)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204150633/http://weedsbluemountains.org.au/jasmine.php |date=2014-02-04 }} and [http://www.arc.govt.nz/environment/biosecurity/search-for-plants/index.cfm?63E0F20E-14C2-3D2D-B905-50098EBBE4B9&plantcode=Jaspol information on ''Jasminum polyanthum'' from the Auckland Regional Council (New Zealand)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923173313/http://www.arc.govt.nz/environment/biosecurity/search-for-plants/index.cfm?63E0F20E-14C2-3D2D-B905-50098EBBE4B9&plantcode=Jaspol |date=2015-09-23 }}</ref> This species of jasmine spreads rapidly as it can grow from any small section of stem material. The stems layer profusely and runners spread long distances. It is highly shade tolerant and can flower under a full canopy. It forms dense ground cover, preventing the growth of native seedlings, and smothers all other vegetation up to mid-canopy level. Spread into established forest, for instance in New Zealand, is rapid.

It can be controlled by cutting the stem and branches and applying herbicides to the cut surfaces. Chemical control of ground cover is advised.<ref name=nz2>Department of Conservation (NZ) 2005, p. 134f.</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
(MHNT) Jasminum polyanthum - flower buds HD.jpg|{{center|Pink jasmine flower buds}}
Pink jasmine bush.jpg|{{center|Pink jasmine in bloom}}
Pink jasmine leaf 7.jpg|{{center|7 leaflets}}
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Guardian2023>{{cite news |last=Leon |first=Gynelle |date= |title=Houseplant of the week: white jasmine |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2023/nov/17/houseplant-of-the-week-white-jasmine |work=The Guardian |access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
* [http://trees.stanford.edu/ENCYC/JASpo.htm Herbarium specimen]
* [http://www.esveld.nl/htmldiaen/j/japoly.htm ''Jasminum polyanthum''] at www.esveld.nl
* [http://www.weedsbluemountains.org.au/show_weed_botanical.asp?ID=16 Weeds of Blue Mountains Bushland (Australia): ''Jasminum polyanthum''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060821225146/http://weedsbluemountains.org.au/show_weed_botanical.asp?ID=16 |date=2006-08-21 }}
* [http://www.teara.govt.nz/TheBush/Conservation/WeedsOfTheBush/4/ENZ-Resources/Standard/2/en ''Jasminum polyanthum''] as a New Zealand weed
* [http://nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.asp?ID=3324 ''Jasminum polyanthum''] in NZPCN (New Zealand Plant Conservation Network)

{{Taxonbar|from=Q282635}}

[[Category:Jasminum|polyanthum]]

{{Sourceattribution|Jasminum polyanthum}}