View source for Biology:Jasus caveorum

{{Short description|Species of crustacean}}
{{Speciesbox
| status = DD
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=MacDiarmid, A. |author2=Butler, M. |author3=Cockcroft, A. |author4=Wahle, R. |date=2011 |title=''Jasus caveorum'' |volume=2011 |page=e.T185085A8349927 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T185085A8349927.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Jasus
| species = caveorum
| authority = Webber & Booth, 1995&nbsp;<ref>{{cite WoRMS |author=Tin-Yam Chan |year=2010 |title=''Jasus caveorum'' Webber & Booth, 1995 |id=382878 |accessdate=December 10, 2011}}</ref>
}}

'''''Jasus caveorum''''' is a [[Biology:Species|species]] of [[Biology:Spiny lobster|spiny lobster]] found on a single [[Earth:Seamount|seamount]] in the southeastern [[Earth:Pacific Ocean|Pacific Ocean]], discovered in 1995 by fishermen from New Zealand. It is most similar to ''[[Biology:Jasus frontalis|Jasus frontalis]]'' from the nearby Juan Fernández Islands, but is more closely related to species from the [[Earth:Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and [[Earth:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]]s.

==Distribution==
{{Location map | Pacific Ocean
|float=right |width=220
|caption=Location of the Foundation Seamounts in the Pacific Ocean
|alt=Map of the Pacific Ocean, with the Foundation Seamounts marked.
|lat_deg=35 |lat_dir=S |lon_deg=120 |lon_dir=W
}}
''Jasus caveorum'' is known from a single [[Earth:Seamount|seamount]] in the Foundation Seamounts chain, around {{coord|35|S|120|W}}, approximately {{convert|2100|km}} south-east of Pitcairn Island, and {{convert|4500|km|abbr=on}} west of the Juan Fernández Islands, {{wipe|Chile}}.<ref name="Webber">{{cite journal |author1=W. R. Webber |author2=J. D. Booth |year=1995 |title=A new species of ''Jasus'' (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palinuridae) from the eastern South Pacific Ocean |journal=New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=613–622 |doi=10.1080/00288330.1995.9516692|doi-access=free }}</ref> The seamount has two peaks at a depth of {{convert|140|m}}, separated by a [[Earth:Mountain pass|col]] at a depth of {{convert|320|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Webber"/> ''J.&nbsp;caveorum'' is the only species in the genus whose range is not associated with any land that rises above sea level.<ref name="Webber"/>

''J.&nbsp;caveorum'' was discovered in 1995 by the New Zealand fishing vessel FV ''David Baker'', owned by Southern Seafoods. Commercial [[Engineering:Lobster trap|lobster trap]]s were laid at various depths, down to {{convert|300|m|abbr=on}}; specimens of ''J.&nbsp;caveorum'' were recovered from depths down to {{convert|180|m|abbr=on}}, but mostly less than {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Webber"/>

==Ecology and conservation==
The ecology of ''Jasus caveorum'' is poorly known. Its diet is assumed to be made up chiefly of invertebrates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.southpacificrfmo.org/assets/Species-Profiles-Final/12-REVISED-J-caveorum-profile-Science-III.pdf |title=Information describing ''Jasus caveorum'' fisheries relating to the South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation |id=SPRFMO-III-SWG-12 |date=February 20, 2007 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426042247/http://www.southpacificrfmo.org/assets/Species-Profiles-Final/12-REVISED-J-caveorum-profile-Science-III.pdf |archivedate=April 26, 2012 }}</ref> Most adult individuals are infested with a small stalked barnacle of unknown identity; the same barnacle infests crabs of the genus ''[[Biology:Chaceon|Chaceon]]'' in the same locality.<ref name="Webber"/>

Since it occurs in international waters, there are no restrictions on fishing ''J.&nbsp;caveorum''.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> It is occasionally caught by fishermen from New Zealand, and may have been fished more intensively in the 1960s.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> The state of the stock is unknown, and the species is listed as ''Data Deficient'' on the [[Organization:IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List]].<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />

==Description==
The specimens of ''Jasus caveorum'' examined for the [[Biology:Species description|species description]] varied in [[Biology:Carapace|carapace]] length from {{convert|104|to|129|mm}}. Morphologically, ''J.&nbsp;caveorum'' is most similar to ''[[Biology:Jasus frontalis|J.&nbsp;frontalis]]'', which lives around the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands.<ref name="Webber"/> It is, however, more closely related to ''[[Biology:Jasus tristani|J.&nbsp;tristani]]'' and ''[[Biology:Jasus paulensis|J.&nbsp;paulensis]]'' from Tristan da Cunha and the islands of the southern [[Earth:Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean]], respectively.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=J. R. Ovenden |author2=J. D. Booth |author3=A. J. Smolenski |year=1997 |title=Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny of red and green rock lobsters (genus ''Jasus'') |journal=Marine and Freshwater Research |volume=48 |issue=8 |pages=1131–1136<!--|quote=Abstract: A cladistic analysis of nucleotide substitutions in the 16S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes of mitochondrial DNA does not support the monophyly of species within each of the ‘lalandii’ and ‘frontalis’ subgroups of Jasus; the subgroupings may need revision. The recently described species J. caveorum is most closely related to J. tristani and J. paulensis, and not to J. frontalis with which it shares an eastern South Pacific distribution and morphological similarity. Two species, J. tristani and J. paulensis, are so genetically similar that further genetic, morphological and behavioural analyses are needed to assess their status as separate species.--> |doi=10.1071/MF97192}}</ref> The two species differ in that ''J.&nbsp;frontalis'' has sculpturing on the second to sixth abdominal tergae, which is missing in ''J.&nbsp;caveorum'', and in the presence of a row of [[Biology:Seta|seta]]e and small spines on the second pereiopod of ''J.&nbsp;caveorum'', but not on that of ''J.&nbsp;frontalis''.<ref name="Webber"/>

==Taxonomy==
''Jasus caveorum'' was described in 1995 by W. R. Webber of the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, and J. D. Booth of the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research. The [[Biology:Specific name (zoology)|specific epithet]] ''{{lang|la|caveorum}}'' commemorates Joe Cave, Helen Cave and Ernie Cave; it is also a [[Philosophy:Pun|play on the word]] "cave", since the species occurs in a hidden area, with no above-ground presence.<ref name="Webber"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|32em}}

==External links==
*{{cite book |author1=Piers K. Dunstan |author2=Malcolm R. Clark |author3=John Guinotte |author4=Tim O'Hara |author5=Edwin Niklitschek |author6=Ashley A. Rowden |author7=Thomas Schlacher |author8=Shinji Tsuchida |author9=Les Watling |author10=Alan Williams |title=Identifying Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas on Seamounts |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-1430-1 |url=http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/edocs/2011-056.pdf |format=PDF}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q5499625}}

[[Category:Achelata]]

{{Sourceattribution|Jasus caveorum}}