View source for Biology:List of human evolution fossils

{{Short description|None}}
{{Incomplete list|date=March 2021}}
{{Paleontology}}
The following tables give an overview of notable finds of [[Biology:Hominini|hominin]] [[Biology:Fossil|fossil]]s and [[Biology:Skeleton|remains]] relating to [[Biology:Human evolution|human evolution]], beginning with the formation of the tribe Hominini (the divergence of the [[Biology:Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor|human and chimpanzee lineages]]) in the late Miocene, roughly 7 to 8 million years ago.

As there are thousands of fossils, mostly fragmentary, often consisting of single bones or isolated teeth with complete skulls and skeletons rare, this overview is not complete, but shows some of the most important findings. The fossils are arranged by approximate age as determined by [[Physics:Radiometric dating|radiometric dating]] and/or incremental dating and the species name represents current consensus; if there is no clear scientific consensus the other possible classifications are indicated.

The early fossils shown are not considered ancestors to ''Homo sapiens'' but are closely related to ancestors and are therefore important to the study of the lineage. After 1.5 million years ago (extinction of ''[[Biology:Paranthropus|Paranthropus]]''), all fossils shown are human (genus ''[[Biology:Homo|Homo]]''). After 11,500 years ago (11.5 ka, beginning of the [[Earth:Holocene|Holocene]]), all fossils shown are ''Homo sapiens'' (anatomically modern humans), illustrating [[Biology:Recent human evolution|recent divergence]] in the formation of [[Biology:Human genetic variation|modern human sub-populations]].
__TOC__
<noinclude>

==Late Miocene (7.2–5.5 million years old){{anchor|Late Miocene}}==
{{further|Biology:Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor|Biology:Ardipithecus|Biology:Sahelanthropus|Biology:Homininae|Biology:Hominini}}
The chimpanzee–human divergence likely took place during around 10 to 7 million years ago.<ref>"In effect, there is now no a priori reason to presume that human-chimpanzee split time are especially recent, and the fossil evidence is now fully compatible with older chimpanzee–human divergence dates [7 to 10 Ma]" {{cite journal |vauthors=White TD, Asfaw B, Beyene Y |title=Ardipithecus ramidus and the paleobiology of early hominids |journal=Science |volume=326 |issue=5949 |pages=75–86 |date=October 2009 |pmid=19810190 |doi= 10.1126/science.1175802|display-authors=0|bibcode = 2009Sci...326...75W |s2cid=20189444 }}</ref> The list of fossils begins with ''[[Biology:Graecopithecus|Graecopithecus]]'', dated some 7.2 million years ago, which may or may not still be ancestral to both the human and the chimpanzee lineage. For the earlier history of the human lineage, see ''[[Biology:Timeline of human evolution#Hominidae|Timeline of human evolution]], [[Biology:Hominidae#Phylogeny|Hominidae]]''.

</noinclude>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Image
! Name
! data-sort-type=number | Age ([[Astronomy:Myr|Ma]])
! Species
! Year<br />discovered
! Country
! Discovered by
! Now located at
|-
| [[File:Graecopithecus_tooth.png|left|frameless|102x102px]]
| El Graeco
| 7.20<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Fuss |first1=Jochen |last2=Spassov |first2=Nikolai |last3=Begun |first3=David R. |last4=Böhme |first4=Madelaine |date=2017-05-22 |title=Potential hominin affinities of Graecopithecus from the Late Miocene of Europe |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=e0177127 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0177127 |doi-access=free |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5439669 |pmid=28531170|bibcode=2017PLoSO..1277127F }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Graecopithecus|Graecopithecus]]''
| 1944, 2017
| Greece, Bulgaria<br>Site:Pyrgos Vassilissis, Azmaka
| Böhme (Tübingen), Spassov (BAS)
| Met, Athens; Tübingen, Germany
|-
| [[File:Sahelanthropus tchadensis - TM 266-01-060-1.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biology:Sahelanthropus|TM 266 (Toumai)]]
| 7.00–6.00<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Brunet|first1=Michel|last2=Guy|first2=Franck|last3=Pilbeam|first3=David|last4=Mackaye|first4=Hassane Taisso|last5=Likius|first5=Andossa|last6=Ahounta|first6=Djimdoumalbaye|last7=Beauvilain|first7=Alain|last8=Blondel|first8=Cécile|last9=Bocherens|first9=Hervé|title=A new hominid from the Upper Miocene of Chad, Central Africa|journal=Nature|volume=418|issue=6894|pages=145–51|doi=10.1038/nature00879|pmid=12110880|year=2002|bibcode=2002Natur.418..145B|s2cid=1316969|url=http://doc.rero.ch/record/13388/files/PAL_E190.pdf }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Sahelanthropus|Sahelanthropus tchadensis]]''
| 2001
| Chad<br>Site:Djurab Desert
| [[Biography:Michel Brunet (paleontologist)|Michel Brunet]], Alain Beauvilain, Fanone Gongdibe, Mahamat Adoum and Ahounta Djimdoumalbaye
| N'Djamena (Chad), BEAC
|-
| [[File:Orrorin tugenensis.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biology:Orrorin|BAR 1000'00]]
| 6.1–5.7<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History | url = http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/bar-100200 | title = Bar 10200' | access-date = 2012-07-27| date = 2010-01-23}}</ref>
|''[[Biology:Orrorin|Orrorin tugenensis]]''
| 2000
| Kenya<br>Site:Lukeino
| Martin Pickford, Kiptalam Cheboi, Dominique Gommery, Pierre Mein, Brigitte Senut
|-
|[[File:Trachilos Fußspuren 13.jpg|frameless|103x103px]]
| [[Biology:Trachilos footprints|Trachilos footprints]]
| 6.05<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kirscher |first1=Uwe |last2=El Atfy |first2=Haytham |last3=Gärtner |first3=Andreas |last4=Dallanave |first4=Edoardo |last5=Munz |first5=Philipp |last6=Niedźwiedzki |first6=Grzegorz |last7=Athanassiou |first7=Athanassios |last8=Fassoulas |first8=Charalampos |last9=Linnemann |first9=Ulf |last10=Hofmann |first10=Mandy |last11=Bennett |first11=Matthew |last12=Ahlberg |first12=Per Erik |last13=Böhme |first13=Madelaine |date=2021-10-11 |title=Age constraints for the Trachilos footprints from Crete |journal=Scientific Reports |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=19427 |doi=10.1038/s41598-021-98618-0 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=8505496 |pmid=34635686|bibcode=2021NatSR..1119427K }}</ref>
| Made by hominin or hominin-like primate
| 2002
| Greece
| Gerard D. Gierliński
|
|-
| [[File:Ardipithecus kadabba fossils.jpg|100px]]
| ALA-VP 1/20<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efossils.org/species/ardipithecus-kadabba|title=Ardipithecus kadabba|publisher=efossils|access-date=26 March 2015}}</ref>
| 5.65±0.150
|''[[Biology:Ardipithecus#Ardipithecus kadabba|Ardipithecus kadabba]]''
| 1997
| Ethiopia<br>Site:[[History:Middle Awash|Middle Awash]]
| Yohannes Haile-Selassie
|<noinclude>
|-
|}

==Pliocene (5.3–2.58 million years old){{anchor|Pliocene}}==
{{further|Biology:Kenyanthropus|Biology:Australopithecus|Biology:Paranthropus}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Image
! Name
! Age ([[Astronomy:Myr|Ma]])
! Species
! Year<br />discovered
! Country
! Discovered by
! Now located at</noinclude>
|-
| [[File:Ardi.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biology:Ardi|Ardi]]
| 4.40<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8285180.stm | work=BBC News | first=Jonathan | last=Amos | title=Fossil finds extend human story | date=2009-10-01}}</ref>
| ''Ardipithecus ramidus''
| 1994
| Ethiopia
| Yohannes Haile-Selassie
|
|-
| [[File:KNM-LT 329-replica.jpg|100px|KNM-LT 329. Replica at Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales of Madrid]]
| Lothagam mandible (KNM-LT 329)<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kissel M, Hawks J |journal=PaleoAnthropology |url=http://www.paleoanthro.org/media/journal/content/PA20150037.pdf |title=What are the Lothagam and Tabarin Mandibles? |doi=10.4207/PA.2015.ART94 |date=2015 |page=37 |doi-broken-date=31 January 2024}}</ref>
| 4.60±0.40<ref>{{cite journal | journal = Journal of the Geological Society | year = 1999 | volume = 156 | issue = 4 | pages = 731–45 | title =Numerical age control for the Miocene-Pliocene succession at Lothagam, a hominoid-bearing sequence in the northern Kenya Rift | last1 = McDougall | first1 = I.A.N. |first2 = Feibel | last2 = Craig | doi = 10.1144/gsjgs.156.4.0731| bibcode = 1999JGSoc.156..731M | s2cid = 128952193 }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus anamensis|Australopithecus anamensis]]'' or undetermined ''[[Biology:Hominidae|Hominidae]]''
| 1967
| Kenya
| Arnold Lewis,<ref>Bernard Wood, ''Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution'' (2011), [https://books.google.com/books?id=440TmWXToLAC&pg=PT887  887].</ref> Bryan Patterson<ref name=Hill&Ward1988>{{Cite journal |year=1988 |first1=Andrew |last1=Hill |first2=Steven |last2=Ward |title=Origin of the Hominidae: the record of African large hominoid evolution between 14 My and 4 My |journal=Yearbook of Physical Anthropology |volume=31 |issue=59 |pages=49–83 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330310505|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Patterson B, Behrensmeyer AK, Sill WD |title=Geology and fauna of a new Pliocene locality in north-western Kenya |journal=Nature |volume=226 |issue=5249 |pages=918–21 |date=June 1970  |pmid=16057594 |doi=10.1038/226918a0|bibcode=1970Natur.226..918P |s2cid=4185736 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.sati.archaeology.nsc.ru/encyc_top/encyc16/term.html?act=list&term=117 Lothagam mandible fragment] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716140453/http://www.sati.archaeology.nsc.ru/encyc_top/encyc16/term.html?act=list&term=117 |date=2011-07-16 }}</ref>
|
|-
|
| KNM-TH 13150
| 4.70±0.55<ref>{{cite journal | journal = American Journal of Physical Anthropology | title = Pliocene hominid partial mandible from Tabarin, Baringo, Kenya | first1 = Steven | last1 = Ward | first2 = Andrew |last2 = Hill | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.1330720104 | volume = 72 | issue = 1 | pages = 21–37 | pmid=3103460| year = 1987 }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus anamensis|Australopithecus anamensis]]''
| 1984
| Kenya
| Kiptalam Cheboi<ref name=Hill&Ward1988/>
|
|-
| [[File:Australopithecus anamensis bone (University of Zurich).JPG|100px]]
| KNM-KP 271
| 4.00<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.msu.edu/~heslipst/contents/ANP440/anamensis.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608160345/https://www.msu.edu/~heslipst/contents/ANP440/anamensis.htm |archive-date=June 8, 2011 |title=Australopithecus anamensis |first=Steven |last=Heslip |year=2001}}{{self-published inline|date=July 2014}}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus anamensis|Australopithecus anamensis]]''
| 1965
| Kanapoi, Kenya
| Bryan Patterson<ref name=Hill&Ward1988/>
|
|-
| [[File:Laetoli footprints replica.jpg|100px]]
| Laetoli Footprints
| 3.70
| Bipedal hominin
| 1976
| Tanzania
| Mary Leakey
|
|-
| [[File:LH 4 Replica 03.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biology:LH 4|LH 4]]
| 3.40±0.50
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus afarensis|Australopithecus afarensis]]''
| 1974
| Laetoli, Tanzania
| Mary Leakey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ntz.info/gen/n00467.html |title=Oldupai |publisher=Ntz.info |access-date=2012-10-15}}</ref>
|
|-
|
| KSD-VP-1/1 ([[Biology:Kadanuumuu|Kadanuumuu]])
| 3.58
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus afarensis|Australopithecus afarensis]]''
| 2005
| Ethiopia
| Yohannes Haile-Selassie
|
|-
|
| KT-12/H1 (Abel)
| 3.50
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus bahrelghazali|Australopithecus bahrelghazali]]''
| 1995
| Chad
| Mamelbaye Tomalta and [[Biography:Michel Brunet (paleontologist)|Michel Brunet]]
| N'Djamena (Chad), BEAC
|-
|[[File:Hominin KNM-WT 22944 G-J.png|left|88x88px]]
|KNM-WT 22944 G-J<ref>{{Citation |last1=Ward |first1=C.V. |title=South Turkwel: A new Pliocene hominid site in Kenya |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0047248498902627 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=36 |pages=69–95 |year=1999 |doi=10.1006/jhev.1998.0262 |last2=Leakey |first2=M.G. |last3=Brown |first3=B. |last4=Brown |first4=F. |last5=Harris |first5=J. |last6=Walker |first6=A.|issue=1 |pmid=9924134 }}</ref>
|3.50
|''[[Biology:Australopithecus|Australopithecus]]'' sp.
|1990
|Kenya
|Multinational team
|National Museums of Kenya
|-
| [[File:Kenyanthropus platyops, skull (model).JPG|100px]]
| KNM-WT 40000 (Flat Faced Man)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.efossils.org/page/boneviewer/Kenyanthropus+platyops/KNM+WT+40000|title=Kenyanthropus platyops: KNM WT 40000 |first=The University of Texas at Austin, Department of|last=Anthropology|website=www.efossils.org}}</ref>
| 3.50-3.20
| ''Kenyanthropus platyops''
| 1999
| Lake Turkana (West Lake Turkana), Kenya
| Justus Erus and Meave Leakey<ref>{{cite web|url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/knm-wt-40000|title=KNM-WT 40000|date=23 January 2010}}</ref>
|
|-
|[[File:Australopithecus deyiremeda.png|frameless|101x101px]]
| BRT-VP-3/14
| 3.40±0.10
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus deyiremeda|Australopithecus deyiremeda]]''
| 2015
| Ethiopia
| Yohannes Haile-Selassie<ref>{{Cite web|title= New human ancestor species from Ethiopia lived alongside Lucy's species|url = https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150527134040.htm|website = www.sciencedaily.com|date= 27 May 2015|access-date = 2015-05-28}}</ref>
|
|-
| [[File:Little Foot 01.jpg|100px]]
| Stw 573 (Little foot)
| 3.67
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus|Australopithecus prometheus]]''(?)
| 1994
| [[Earth:Sterkfontein|Sterkfontein]], {{wipe|South Africa}}
| Ronald J. Clarke
|
|-
| [[File:SelamAustralopithecus.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biology:Selam (Australopithecus)|DIK-1 (Selam)]]
| 3.30
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus afarensis|Australopithecus afarensis]]''
| 2000
| Ethiopia
| Zeresenay Alemseged
|
|-
| [[File:Lucy Mexico.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biology:Lucy (Australopithecus)|AL 288-1 (Lucy)]]
| 3.20
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus afarensis|Australopithecus afarensis]]''
| 1974
| Ethiopia
| Tom Gray, [[Biography:Donald Johanson|Donald Johanson]], Yves Coppens and Maurice Taieb
| National Museum of Ethiopia
|-
| [[File:AL 200-1 - AL 400-1 -- australopithecus afarensis.jpg|100px|AL 200-1 and AL 400–1. ''Australopithecus afarensis'']]
| [[Biology:AL 200-1|AL 200-1]]
| 3.10±0.10
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus afarensis|Australopithecus afarensis]]''
| 1975
| Afar Region, Ethiopia
| [[Biography:Donald Johanson|Donald Johanson]] Yves Coppens and Maurice Taieb
|
|-
| [[File:Al129knee.jpg|frameless|153x153px]]
| [[Biology:AL 129-1|AL 129-1]]
| 3.10±0.10
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus afarensis|Australopithecus afarensis]]''
| 1973
| Afar Region, Ethiopia
| [[Biography:Donald Johanson|Donald Johanson]]
|
|-
| [[File:AL 444-2. Replica.jpg|100px]]
| AL 444-2<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/al444-2.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829001440/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/al444-2.html |date=2010-08-29 }} Image at Modern Human Origins</ref>
| 3.00
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus afarensis|Australopithecus afarensis]]''
| 1992
| Afar Region, Ethiopia
| Yoel Rak
|
|-
|[[File:LD-350-1.svg|frameless|102x102px]]
| [[Biology:LD 350-1|LD 350-1]]<ref>http://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/87535.php {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604172433/https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/87535.php|date=2020-06-04}} Image at Eurekalert</ref>
| 2.775±0.025<ref>
{{Cite journal|title = Early ''Homo'' at 2.8 Ma from Ledi-Geraru, Afar, Ethiopia|journal = Science|date = 2015-03-20|issn = 0036-8075|pmid = 25739410|pages = 1352–55|volume = 347|issue = 6228|doi = 10.1126/science.aaa1343|first1 = Brian|last1 = Villmoare|first2 = William H.|last2 = Kimbel|first3 = Chalachew|last3 = Seyoum|first4 = Christopher J.|last4 = Campisano|first5 = Erin N.|last5 = DiMaggio|first6 = John|last6 = Rowan|first7 = David R.|last7 = Braun|first8 = J. Ramón|last8 = Arrowsmith|first9 = Kaye E.|last9 = Reed|bibcode = 2015Sci...347.1352V|doi-access = free}}:
"The Gurumaha Tuff is radiometrically dated to {{val|2.842|0.007|u=Ma}}, a date that is consistent with
the normal magnetic polarity of the Gurumaha section, presumably the Gauss Chron. An upper bounding age for LD 350-1 is provided by an adjacent, downfaulted younger block that contains the {{val|2.665|0.016|u=Ma}}
Lee Adoyta Tuff.  [...] the age of LD 350-1 can be further constrained by stratigraphic scaling. [...] Based on the current chronostratigraphic framework for Ledi-Geraru, we consider the age of LD 350-1 to be 2.80–2.75 Ma".</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Homo|Homo]]''(?)
| 2013
| Ethiopia
| Chalachew Seyoum
|<noinclude>
|-
| [[File:Taung Child.jpg|left|100px]]
| [[History:Taung Child|Taung Child 1]]
| 3.03–2.61
| [[Biology:Australopithecus africanus|Australopithecus africanus]]
| 1924
| Buxton-Norlim Limeworks, South Africa
| [[Biography:Raymond Dart|Raymond Dart]]
| University of the Witwatersrand
|}

==[[Earth:Pleistocene|Pleistocene]]==

===Lower Paleolithic: 2.58–0.3 million years old===
{{further|Biology:Australopithecus|Biology:Paranthropus|Biology:Homo|Biology:Biology:Homo erectus}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
!
! Name
! Age ([[Astronomy:Myr|Ma]])
! Species
! Date<br />discovered
! Country
! Discovered by
! Now located at</noinclude>
|-
| [[File:Paranthropus aethiopicus.JPG|100px]]
| KNM-WT 17000<br />(The Black Skull)
| 2.50
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus aethiopicus|Paranthropus aethiopicus]]''
| 1985
| Kenya
| [[Biography:Alan Walker (anthropologist)|Alan Walker]]
|
|-
| [[File:Musée national d'Ethiopie-Australopithecus garhi (1).jpg|100px]]
| BOU-VP-12/130<ref>Bouri Vertebrate Paleontology {{cite web|url=http://efossils.org/page/boneviewer/Australopithecus%20garhi/BOU-VP-12%5C130|title=Australopithecus garhi: BOU-VP-12/130|publisher=efossils|access-date=13 June 2016}}</ref>
| 2.50
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus garhi|Australopithecus garhi]]''
| 1997
| Ethiopia
| Yohannes Haile-Selassie
|
|-
| [[File:Sterkfontein Caves 4.jpg|100px|STS 71]]
| STS 71<ref>http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/sts-71 Image at Smithsonian</ref>
| 2.61–2.07
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus africanus|Australopithecus africanus]]''
| 1947
| [[Earth:Sterkfontein|Sterkfontein]], {{wipe|South Africa}}
| Robert Broom and John T. Robinson
| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
|-
| [[File:Sterkfontein Caves 3.jpg|100px|STS 52a and STS 52b]]
| STS 52
| 2.61–2.07
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus africanus|Australopithecus africanus]]''
| 1947
| [[Earth:Sterkfontein|Sterkfontein]], {{wipe|South Africa}}
| Robert Broom
| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
|-
| [[File:HPCR-UR 501-04.jpg|100px|Original]]
| UR 501 (Uraha jawbone)
| 2.40±0.10
| ''[[Biology:Homo rudolfensis|Homo rudolfensis]]''<ref>At the time of its discovery considered the oldest fossil evidence of genus ''Homo''. {{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S1251-8050(97)88294-8 | volume=325 | title=UR 501, the Plio-Pleistocene hominid from Malawi. Analysis of the microanatomy of the enamel | year=1997 | journal=Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA | pages=231–234 | last1 = Ramirez Rozzi | first1 = Fernando V. | last2 = Bromage | first2 = Tim | last3 = Schrenk | first3 = Friedemann| issue=3 | bibcode=1997CRASE.325..231R }}. Since the discovery of [[Biology:LD 350-1|LD 350-1]] (2.8 Ma, intermediate between ''Australopithecus'' and ''Homo'') arguably demoted to the rank of  second-oldest fossil of ''Homo''.</ref>
| 1991
| Malawi
| Tyson Msiska, Timothy Bromage, Friedemann Schrenk
|
|-
| [[File:Mrs Ples Face.jpg|100px]]
| STS 5 (Mrs. Ples) <br />(STS 14)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sts14.html |title=STS 14 |access-date=2006-07-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060118234116/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sts14.html |archive-date=2006-01-18 }} Image at Modern Human Origins.
{{cite web|url=https://australian.museum/learn/science/human-evolution/australopithecus-africanus/|title=Australopithecus africanus|publisher=Australian Museum|date=20 January 2011}}</ref>
| 2.07<ref name="HerriesShaw2011">{{cite journal|last1=Herries|first1=Andy I.R.|last2=Shaw|first2=John|title=Palaeomagnetic analysis of the Sterkfontein palaeocave deposits: Implications for the age of the hominin fossils and stone tool industries|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|volume=60|issue=5|year=2011|pages=523–39|issn=0047-2484|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.09.001|pmid=21392817}}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus africanus|Australopithecus africanus]]''
| 1947
| [[Earth:Sterkfontein|Sterkfontein]], {{wipe|South Africa}}
| Robert Broom
| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
|-
|
| DNH 134 (Simon)<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Herries|first=Andy|title=Contemporaneity of Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and early Homo erectus in South Africa|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aaw7293|journal=Science|year=2020|volume=368|issue=6486|pages=eaaw7293|doi=10.1126/science.aaw7293|pmid=32241925|hdl=11568/1040368|s2cid=214763272|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
| 2.04<ref name=":0" />
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 2015
| Drimolen Main Quarry, {{wipe|South Africa}}
| Andy Herries' team (excavated by Richard Curtis, Andy Herries, Angeline Leece; reconstructed by Jesse Martin)
| University of the Witwatersrand
|-
|
| DNH 155<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Martin|first1=Jesse M.|last2=Leece|first2=A. B.|last3=Neubauer|first3=Simon|last4=Baker|first4=Stephanie E.|last5=Mongle|first5=Carrie S.|last6=Boschian|first6=Giovanni|last7=Schwartz|first7=Gary T.|last8=Smith|first8=Amanda L.|last9=Ledogar|first9=Justin A.|last10=Strait|first10=David S.|last11=Herries|first11=Andy I. R.|date=2020-11-09|title=Drimolen cranium DNH 155 documents microevolution in an early hominin species|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-020-01319-6|journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution|volume=5|issue=1|pages=38–45|language=en|doi=10.1038/s41559-020-01319-6|pmid=33168991|bibcode=2020NatEE...5...38M |hdl=11568/1066411 |s2cid=226296091|issn=2397-334X}}</ref>
| 2.04–1.95
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus robustus|Paranthropus robustus]]''
| 2018
| Drimolen Main Quarry, South Africa
| Andy Herries and Stephanie Baker's team (first found by Samantha Good and excavated by Samantha Good, Angeline Leece, Stephanie Baker and Andy Herries; reconstructed by Jesse Martin) 
| University of the Witwatersrand
|-
|
| DNH 152<ref name=":0" />(Khethi)
| 2.04–1.95<ref name=":0" />
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus robustus|Paranthropus robustus]]''
| 2018
| Drimolen Main Quarry, South Africa
| Andy Herries and Stephanie Baker's team (first part found by Khethi Nkosi. later parts by Amber Jaeger, Eunice Lalunio; reconstructed by Jesse Martin & Angeline Leece)
| University of the Witwatersrand
|-
| [[File:DNH7.jpg|alt=|133x133px]]
| DNH 7<br />(Eurydice)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/dnh7.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617124822/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/dnh7.html|archive-date=2010-06-17|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 2.04–1.95<ref name=":0" />
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus robustus|Paranthropus robustus]]''
| 1994
| Drimolen, Drimolen Main Quarry, {{wipe|South Africa}}
| R. Smith and André Keyser
| University of the Witwatersrand
|-
| 
| KNM-ER 64060
| 2.03
| ''[[Biology:Homo habilis|Homo habilis]]''
| 2012
| [[Place:Ileret|Ileret]], Kenya
|
|
|-
| 
| KNM-ER 64061
| 2.02
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 2012-2013
| [[Place:Ileret|Ileret]], Kenya
|
|
|-
| [[File:Sterkfontein Caves 67.jpg|100px]]
| TM 1517<ref>{{cite web |author=Department of Anthropology: The University of Texas at Austin  |url=http://efossils.org/page/boneviewer/Paranthropus%20robustus/TM%201517 |title=Paranthropus robustus: TM 1517 |access-date=2014-06-09}}</ref>
| 2.0
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus robustus|Paranthropus robustus]]''
| 1938
| {{wipe|South Africa}}
| Gert Terblanche
| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
|-
| [[File:Australopithecus sediba.JPG|100px]]
| MH1 (Karabo)<ref>{{cite web |title=Spectacular South African Skeletons Reveal New Species from Murky Period of Human Evolution |website=Scientific American |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111000840/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=south-african-hominin-fossil |archive-date=2013-11-11 |url-status=live |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=south-african-hominin-fossil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Juliet King |title=''Australopithecus sediba'' fossil named by 17-year-old Johannesburg student |publisher=Origins Centre |date=June 4, 2010 |url=http://www.origins.org.za/news/entry/australopithecus_sediba_named_by_17-year-old_johannesburg_student/ |access-date=2011-07-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325202100/http://www.origins.org.za/news/entry/australopithecus_sediba_named_by_17-year-old_johannesburg_student/ |archive-date=March 25, 2012 }}
</ref>
| 1.98<ref>{{cite news|first=Jonathan|last=Amos|title=African fossils put new spin on human origins story |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14824435 |work=BBC News |access-date=9 September 2011 |date=2011-09-08}}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Australopithecus sediba|Australopithecus sediba]]''
| 2008
| [[Earth:Malapa Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind|Malapa]], {{wipe|South Africa}}
| Matthew Berger and Lee Rogers Berger
| University of the Witwatersrand
|-
| [[File:Homo habilis-KNM ER 1813.jpg|100px]]
| KNM-ER 1813
| 1.90
| ''[[Biology:Homo habilis|Homo habilis]]''
| 1973
| Kenya
| Kamoya Kimeu
|
|-
| [[File:Homo rudolfensis.jpg|100px]]
| KNM-ER 1470
| 1.90
| ''[[Biology:Homo rudolfensis|Homo rudolfensis]]''
| 1972
| Kenya
| Bernard Ngeneo<ref name="CambridgeDictHumBiol&Evolp286">Mai, L.L., Owl, M.Y., & Kersting, M.P. (2005), p. 286</ref>
|
|-
| [[File:Original of Paranthropus robustus Face.jpg|100px]]
| SK 48
| 2.25–1.80
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus robustus|Paranthropus robustus]]''
| 1948
| Swartkrans, {{wipe|South Africa}}
| Robert Broom
| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
|-
| [[File:Sterkfontein Caves 63.jpg|100px]]
| SK 46<ref>{{cite web|url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/sk-46|title=SK 46|date=24 January 2010}}</ref>
| 2.25–1.80
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus robustus|Paranthropus robustus]]''
| 1949
| Swartkrans, {{wipe|South Africa}}
| Robert Broom
| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
|-
| [[File:Panel 02-SK 847.jpg|100px]]
| SK 847<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sk847.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013715/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sk847.html|archive-date=2007-09-27|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 2.25–1.80
| ''[[Biology:Homo habilis|Homo habilis]]''
| 1949
| Swartkrans, {{wipe|South Africa}}
|
| Ditsong National Museum of Natural History
|-
| [[File:OH 24 replica 02.JPG|100px|Replica made with a 3D printer]]
| OH 24<br />(Twiggy)<ref>http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/oh-24 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191545/http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/oh-24 |date=2016-03-04 }} Image at Smithsonian</ref>
| 1.80
| ''[[Biology:Homo habilis|Homo habilis]]''
| 1968
| Tanzania
| Peter Nzube
|
|-
| [[File:OH 8 Replica 03.jpg|100px]]
| OH 8<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/oh8.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208034128/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/oh8.html |date=2010-12-08 }} OH 8 image of foot at Modern Human Origins</ref>
| 1.80
| ''[[Biology:Homo habilis|Homo habilis]]''
| 1960
| Olduvai, Tanzania
|
|
|-
| [[File:Dmanisi cranium D2700 (B).jpg|100px]]
| D2700 (Dmanisi Skull 3)
| 1.81±0.40<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Lordkipanidze | first1 = D. | last2 = de Leon | first2 = Ponce | last3 = Margvelashvili | first3 = A. | last4 = Rak | first4 = Y. | last5 = Rightmire | first5 = G. P. | last6 = Vekua | first6 = A. | last7 = Zollikofer | first7 = C. P. E. | year = 2013 | title = A Complete Skull from Dmanisi, Georgia, and the Evolutionary Biology of Early Homo | journal = Science | volume = 342 | issue = 6156| pages = 326–31 | doi = 10.1126/science.1238484 | bibcode = 2013Sci...342..326L | pmid = 24136960 | s2cid = 20435482 }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 2001
| Dmanisi, [[Place:Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
| David Lordkipanidze and Abesalom Vekua
|
|-
| [[File:Dmanisi-D3444. Homo erectus or Homo georgicus.jpg|100px|Dmanisi skull 4, D3444]]
| [[Biology:Dmanisi skull 4|D3444]] ([[Biology:Dmanisi skull 4|Dmanisi Skull 4]])
| 1.81±0.40
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 2003
| Dmanisi, [[Place:Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
| David Lordkipanidze
|
|-
| [[File:Skull in dmanisi archaeological site.JPG|100px|Dmanisi skull 5 in situ]]
| D4500 (Dmanisi Skull 5)
| 1.81±0.40
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 2005 (published in 2013)
| Dmanisi, [[Place:Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
| David Lordkipanidze
|
|-
|
| KNM-ER 62000–62003<ref name="Meave G. Leakey 2012">{{cite journal  |vauthors=Leakey MG, Spoor F, Dean MC, etal |title=New fossils from Koobi Fora in northern Kenya confirm taxonomic diversity in early Homo |journal=Nature |volume=488 |issue=7410 |pages=201–04 |date=August 2012  |pmid=22874966 |doi=10.1038/nature11322|bibcode=2012Natur.488..201L |s2cid=4431262 }}F</ref>
| 1.84±0.60
| ''[[Biology:Homo rudolfensis|Homo rudolfensis]]''
| 2012
| Koobi Fora, Kenya
| Meave Leakey's team
|
|-
| 
| KNM-ER 64062
| 1.84±0.02
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 2013
| [[Place:Ileret|Ileret]], Kenya
|
|
|-
| [[File:Paranthropus boisei skull.jpg|100px]]
| OH 5<br />(Zinj or<br />nutcracker man)
| 1.75
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus boisei|Paranthropus boisei]]''
| 1959
| Tanzania
| Mary Leakey
|
|-
| [[File:Homo Habilis Oh7.jpg|100px]]
| OH 7
| 1.75
| ''[[Biology:Homo habilis|Homo habilis]]''
| 1960
| Tanzania
| Jonathan Leakey
|
|-
|[[File:6a00d8341bf67c53ef01348157067b970c-320wi.jpg|frameless|104x104px]]
| StW 53
| 1.8–1.6<ref name="HerriesShaw2011" />
| variously ''A. africanus'', ''H. habilis'', ''[[Biology:Homo gautengensis|H. gautengensis]]''
| 1976
| [[Earth:Sterkfontein|Sterkfontein]], {{wipe|South Africa}}
| A. R. Hughes
| University of the Witwatersrand
|-
| [[File:KNM ER 1805. Pannel 2.jpg|100px]]
| KNM-ER 1805
| 1.74
| ''[[Biology:Homo habilis|Homo habilis]]''
| 1973/4
| Kenya
| Paul Abell
|
|-
|[[File:Teeth of Yuanmou Man (Cast) - cropped.png|frameless|99x99px]]
| [[Earth:Yuanmou Man|Yuanmou Man]]
| 1.70<br>or 0.60–0.50<br>(disputed)<ref>[http://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/yuanmou.html Inverted strata] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061002024048/http://www-personal.une.edu.au/~pbrown3/yuanmou.html |date=2006-10-02 }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1965
| {{wipe|China}}
| Fang Qian
|
|-
| [[File:Paranthropus-boisei-Nairobi.JPG|100px]]
| KNM-ER 406
| 1.70
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus boisei|Paranthropus boisei]]''
| 1969
| Kenya
| [[Biography:Richard Leakey|Richard Leakey]]
|
|-
| [[File:Frammenti di cranio di australopithecus boisei e australopithecus robustus - Museo di Storia Naturale di Milano detail KNM-ER 732.jpg|100px]]
| KNM-ER 732<ref>{{cite book | title = From Lucy to Language | url = https://archive.org/details/fromlucytolangua0000joha | url-access = registration |author1=Donald C. Johanson |author2=Blake Edgar | page= [https://archive.org/details/fromlucytolangua0000joha/page/158 158] |location= New York|publisher =Simon & Schuster |year = 1996}}</ref>
| 1.70
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus boisei|Paranthropus boisei]]''
| 1970
| Kenya
| [[Biography:Richard Leakey|Richard Leakey]]
|
|-
| [[File:KNMER 23000-cast.jpg|100px]]
| KNM-ER 23000<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/knm-er-23000 |title=Image at Smithsonian |access-date=2013-02-08 |archive-date=2016-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307092524/http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/knm-er-23000 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| 1.70
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus boisei|Paranthropus boisei]]''
| 1990
| Koobi Fora, Kenya
| Benson Kyongo
|
|-
| [[File:KNM-WT 17400.JPG|100px]]
| KNM-WT 17400<ref>{{cite journal |author=Leakey, R. E. F. |author2=Walker, A. C. |year=1988 |title=New Australopithecus boisei specimens from East and West Lake Turkana, Kenya |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |issn=1096-8644 |volume=76 |issue=1 |pages=1–24 |pmid=3136654 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330760102}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Grine |editor1-first=Frederick E. |title=Evolutionary History of the "Robust" Australopithecines |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AmQ46CDN6DsC |year=2007 |publisher=Transaction Publishers |isbn=978-0202365961 |access-date=16 February 2015 |pages=99, 185–86, 247|last1=Grine |first1=Frederick E. }}</ref>
| 1.70
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus boisei|Paranthropus boisei]]''
| Not known<ref name="Wood">{{cite book |editor1-last=Wood |editor1-first=Bernard |year=2011 |title=Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Human Evolution, 2 Volume Set |isbn=978-1444342475 |doi=10.1002/9781444342499 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=440TmWXToLAC |access-date=11 May 2014|last1=Wood |first1=Bernard }}  [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781444342499.refs/pdf Access to the references of this book].</ref>
| Lake Turkana (West Lake Turkana) Kenya
| unknown<ref name="Wood" />
| National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi (Kenia)
|-
| [[File:Homo ergaster.jpg|100px]]
| KNM-ER 3733
| 1.63±0.15<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Lepre | first1 = C. J. | last2 = Kent | first2 = D. V. | doi = 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.12.032 | title = New magnetostratigraphy for the Olduvai Subchron in the Koobi Fora Formation, northwest Kenya, with implications for early ''Homo'' | journal = Earth and Planetary Science Letters | volume = 290 | issue = 3–4 | page = 362 | year = 2010 |bibcode = 2010E&PSL.290..362L }}.
"paleo-magnetic results of this study delimit the age of KNM-ER 3733 to 1.78–1.48 Ma, making it one of the most securely dated fossils of early African ''H. erectus'' when compared to the oldest ''Homo'' fossils from Europe and Asia."</ref>
| ''Homo ergaster'' (a.k.a. African ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]'')
| 1975
| Kenya
|
|
|-
| [[File:Lantian Man reconstruction.png|100px]]
| [[Biology:Lantian Man|Lantian Man]]
| 1.62±0.03
| [[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]
| 1963
| Lantian County, {{wipe|China}}
| Woo Ju-Kang
|
|-
| [[File:Turkana Boy.jpg|202x202px]]
| [[Earth:Turkana Boy|KNM-WT 15000<br />(Turkana Boy)]]
| 1.60
| ''Homo ergaster'' (a.k.a. African ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]'')
| 1984
| Lake Turkana (West Lake Turkana), Kenya
| Kamoya Kimeu
| Kenya National Museum
|-
| [[File:Peninj mandible replica.jpg|100px|Replica of the mandible of Peninj, ''P. boisei'']]
| Peninj Mandible
| 1.50
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus boisei|Paranthropus boisei]]''
| 1964
| Tanzania
| [[Biography:Richard Leakey|Richard Leakey]]
|
|-
| [[File:Ileret trackways.jpg|frameless|103x103px]]
| Ileret Footprints
| 1.50
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 2007-2014
| [[Place:Ileret|Ileret]], Kenya
|
|
|-
| [[File:KNM-ER 992. REPLICA. MCN.jpg|100px|KNM-ER 992. Replica. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales in Madrid]]
| KNM-ER 992
| 1.50
| ''Homo ergaster'' (a.k.a. African ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]'')
| 1971
| Kenya
| [[Biography:Richard Leakey|Richard Leakey]]
|
|-
| [[File:Fossil KNM-ER 3883.JPG|100px]]
| KNM-ER 3883
| 1.57±0.08
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1976
| Kenya
| [[Biography:Richard Leakey|Richard Leakey]]
|
|-
| [[File:Pithecanthropus modjokertensis Tjokro Handojo.JPG|100px]]
| Mojokerto 1<br>(Mojokerto child)
| 1.43±0.10
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1936
| Indonesia
| Andojo, G.H.R. von Koenigswald
|
|-
|[[File:Replica BL02-J54-100 pic4.JPG|left|frameless|104x104px]]
|BL02-J54-100<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Toro-Moyano |first1=Isidro |last2=Martínez-Navarro |first2=Bienvenido |last3=Agustí |first3=Jordi |last4=Souday |first4=Caroline |last5=Bermúdez de Castro |first5=José María |last6=Martinón-Torres |first6=María |last7=Fajardo |first7=Beatriz |last8=Duval |first8=Mathieu |last9=Falguères |first9=Christophe |last10=Oms |first10=Oriol |last11=Parés |first11=Josep Maria |last12=Anadón |first12=Pere |last13=Julià |first13=Ramón |last14=García-Aguilar |first14=José Manuel |last15=Moigne |first15=Anne-Marie |date=2013 |title=The oldest human fossil in Europe, from Orce (Spain) |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0047248413000304 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |language=en |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.01.012|pmid=23481345 |hdl=10072/338463 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|1.40
|Similar to ''H. heidelbergensis''
|Unknown
|{{wipe|Spain}}
|Unknown
|
|-
| 
| KGA 10-525<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Bernard A. |last1=Wood |first2=Paul J. |last2=Constantino |title=Paranthropus boisei: Fifty Years of Evidence and Analysis |date=28 November 2007 |journal=Yearbook of Physical Anthropology |volume=50 |pages=109–10 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.20732 |pmid=18046746 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/konso-kga10-525 |title=Konso KGA10-525  |author=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History  |work= What does it mean to be human? |access-date=17 February 2015|date=2010-01-24}}</ref>
| 1.40
| ''[[Biology:Paranthropus boisei|Paranthropus boisei]]''
| 1993
| Konso-Gardula, Ethiopia
| A. Amzaye
|
|-
| [[File:OH 9 Replica 02.JPG|100px|OH 9, partial skull]]
| OH 9<br />(Chellean Man)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/oh9.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617090306/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/oh9.html|archive-date=2010-06-17|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 1.40
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1960
| Olduvai, Tanzania
| Louis Leakey
|
|-
|
|Sima del Elephante maxilla<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-29 |title=Atapuerca completa el puzle con el "Homo erectus": "Es seguro, no hay dudas" |url=https://www.larazon.es/cultura/historia/homo-erectus-descubrimiento-que-revoluciona-historia-atapuerca_2023012963d3f82ff0501d0001425302.html |access-date=2023-08-13 |website=www.larazon.es |language=es}}</ref>
|1.40
|''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''?
|2022
|{{wipe|Spain}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Mandible Sima del Elefante.jpg|100px|The Mandible of Sima del Elefante (Atapuerca)]]
| ATE9-1<ref>{{cite news | work = Nature News  | date = March 26, 2008 | author = Michael Hopkin | title = Fossil find is oldest European yet | doi = 10.1038/news.2008.691}}</ref>
| 1.20
| ''[[Biology:Homo|Homo sp.]]''Homo erectus?<ref name=":2" />
| 2008
| {{wipe|Spain}}
| Eudald Carbonell
| Museo de la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)
|-
| [[File:Kocabas det.jpg|100px|The Kocabas hominin calvaria]]
| Kocabaş
| 1.10<ref>{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2013.12.031 | bibcode=2014E&PSL.390....8L | title =  Dating the Homo erectus bearing travertine from Kocabas (Denizli, Turkey) at at least 1.1 Ma  | volume = 390 | pages = 8–18 | journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters| year=2014 | last1=Lebatard | first1=Anne-Elisabeth | last2=Alçiçek | first2=M. Cihat | last3=Rochette | first3=Pierre | last4=Khatib | first4=Samir | last5=Vialet | first5=Amélie | last6=Boulbes | first6=Nicolas | last7=Bourlès | first7=Didier L | last8=Demory | first8=François | last9=Guipert | first9=Gaspard | last10=Mayda | first10=Serdar | last11=Titov | first11=Vadim V | last12=Vidal | first12=Laurence | last13=De Lumley | first13=Henry | doi-access=free }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1002/ajpa.20739 | volume=135 | issue=1 | title=FirstHomo erectus from Turkey and implications for migrations into temperate Eurasia | journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology | pages=110–16 | pmid=18067194 | date=January 2008 | last1 = Kappelman | first1 = J | last2 = Alçiçek | first2 = MC | last3 = Kazanci | first3 = N | last4 = Schultz | first4 = M | last5 = Ozkul | first5 = M | last6 = Sen | first6 = S}}</ref>
| 2002
| [[Place:Turkey|Turkey]]
| M. Cihat Alçiçek
|
|-
| [[File:Daka homo erectus calvaria.jpg|100px]]
| Daka
| 1.00
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1997
| Ethiopia
| Henry Gilbert
|
|-
| [[File:Sangiran IV (Palate).jpg|100px]]
| Sangiran 4
| 1.00
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1939
| Indonesia
| G.H.R. von Koenigswald
|
|-
| [[File:Calvaria Sangiran II (B).jpg|100px]]
| Sangiran 2
| 1.15±0.45
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1937
| Indonesia
| G.H.R. von Koenigswald
|
|-
| [[File:Bula UA31. Homo erectus.jpg|100px|Madam Buya]]
| Madam Buya<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.archaeology.org/9809/newsbriefs/eritrea.html|title=New Skull from Eritrea – Archaeology Magazine Archive|website=archive.archaeology.org}}</ref>
| 1.00
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]'' 
| 1997
| Eritrea
| Ernesto Abbate
| [[Organization:National Museum of Eritrea|National Museum of Eritrea]]
|-
| [[File:Homo antecessor.jpg|100px]]
| ATD6-15 and ATD6-69
(Niño de la Gran Dolina 342)
| 0.900<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Parés | first1 = J. M. | last2 = Arnold | first2 = L. | last3 = Duval | first3 = M. | last4 = Demuro | first4 = M. | last5 = Pérez-González | first5 = A. | last6 = Bermúdez de Castro | first6 = J. M. | last7 = Carbonell | first7 = E. | last8 = Arsuaga | first8 = J. L. | year = 2013 | title = Reassessing the age of Atapuerca-TD6 (Spain): new paleomagnetic results | url = https://eprints.ucm.es/27936/1/1-s2.0-S0305440313002197-1main.pdf| journal = Journal of Archaeological Science | volume = 40 | issue = 12| pages = 4586–95 | doi = 10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.013 | bibcode = 2013JArSc..40.4586P }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Homo antecessor|Homo antecessor]]''<br>or<br>''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1994
| {{wipe|Spain}}
| Bermúdez & [[Biography:Juan Luis Arsuaga|Arsuaga]]
| Museo de la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)
|-
| [[File:1911 Britannica-Anthropology-5.png|100px]]
| Trinil 2<br />Pithecanthropus-1<br />or <br />Java Man<ref>{{cite web|url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/trinil-2|title=Trinil 2|date=24 January 2010}}</ref>
| 0.850±0.150
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1891
| Indonesia
| Eugène Dubois
| Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden
|-
| [[File:Atlanthropus mauritanicus.jpg|100px|Mandible Ternifine III]]
| Ternifine 2-3 now Tighennif<ref>{{cite web |url=http://archaeology.about.com/od/tterms/g/ternifine.htm |title=Ternifine or Tighenif |access-date=28 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140711131317/http://archaeology.about.com/od/tterms/g/ternifine.htm |archive-date=11 July 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| 0.70
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1954
| Algeria
| C. Arambourg & B. Hoffstetter
|
|-
| [[File:Sangiran 17-02.JPG|100px]]
| Sangiran 17<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sangiran17.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106121926/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/sangiran17.html|archive-date=2010-01-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 0.70
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1969
| Indonesia
| S. Sartono
|
|-
| [[File:Peking Man Skull (replica) presented at Paleozoological Museum of China.jpg|100px]]
| [[Earth:Peking Man|Peking Man]]
| 0.73±0.50<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Shen | first1 = G | last2 = Gao | first2 = X | last3 = Gao | first3 = B | last4 = Granger | first4 = De | year = 2009 | title = Age of Zhoukoudian Homo erectus determined with (26)Al/(10)Be burial dating | journal = Nature | volume = 458 | issue = 7235| pages = 198–200 | doi = 10.1038/nature07741 | bibcode = 2009Natur.458..198S | pmid = 19279636 | s2cid = 19264385 }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1921
| {{wipe|China}}
| Davidson Black
| Lost/stolen
|-
|-
|
| Nanjing Man
| 0.60±0.02
| [[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]
| 1993
| {{wipe|China}}
| Liu Luhong
|
|-
| [[File:Homo heidelbergensis.jpg|100px]]
| Bodo<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/bodo.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106121203/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/bodo.html|archive-date=2010-01-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 0.600
| ''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]''<br>or<br>''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1976
| Ethiopia
| A. Asfaw
|
|-
|
|[[Biology:Benjamina (hominin)|Benjamina]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Romero |first=Lorena Sánchez |date=2020-11-27 |title=Prehistoria - Benjamina, la niña pre neandertal más querida de Atapuerca |url=https://quo.eldiario.es/ser-humano/q2011650310/neandertal-atapuerca-benjamina/ |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=Quo |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gracia |first1=Ana |last2=Martínez-Lage |first2=Juan F. |last3=Arsuaga |first3=Juan-Luis |last4=Martínez |first4=Ignacio |last5=Lorenzo |first5=Carlos |last6=Pérez-Espejo |first6=Miguel-Ángel |date=2010-06-01 |title=The earliest evidence of true lambdoid craniosynostosis: the case of "Benjamina", a Homo heidelbergensis child |journal=Child's Nervous System |language=en |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=723–727 |doi=10.1007/s00381-010-1133-y |pmid=20361331 |s2cid=33720448 |issn=1433-0350|doi-access=free }}</ref>
|0.53
|''Homo neanderthalensis<ref name=":4" />''
|2001-2001
|{{wipe|Spain}}
|Ana Gracia Téllez
|
|-
| [[File:Unterkiefer von Mauer (Replika).JPG|100px]]
| Mauer 1<br />(Heidelberg Man)
| 0.50
| ''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]''
| 1907
| {{wipe|Germany}}
| Daniel Hartmann
| [[Organization:Heidelberg University|Heidelberg University]]
|-
| [[File:Saldanha man-Homo heidelbergensis.jpg|100px]]
| [[Social:Saldanha man|Saldanha man]]<ref name=Saldanha>{{Cite book|title = The Human Fossil Record, Craniodental Morphology of Genus Homo (Africa and Asia)|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EPKGnF7oZXgC|publisher = John Wiley & Sons|date = 2005|isbn = 978-0471326441|first1 = Jeffrey H.|last1 = Schwartz|first2 = Ian|last2 = Tattersall|pages=248–55}}.</ref>
| 0.50
| ''[[Biology:Homo rhodesiensis|Homo rhodesiensis]]''
| 1953
| {{wipe|South Africa}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Boxgrove-Tibia.jpg|40px|left|frameless]]
| [[Biology:Boxgrove Man|Boxgrove Man]]
| 0.50<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Streeter | display-authors = etal | year = 2001 | title = "Margret. "Histomorphometric age assessment of the Boxgrove 1 tibial diaphysis | journal = Journal of Human Evolution | volume = 40 | issue = 4| pages = 331–38 | doi = 10.1006/jhev.2001.0460 | pmid = 11312585 }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]''
| 1994
| UK
|
| [[Biology:Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]]
|-
| [[File:Homme de Tautavel.jpg|100px|Arago XXI]]
| Arago 21<br />(Tautavel Man)
| 0.45
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1971
| {{wipe|France}}
| Henry de Lumley
|
|-
|[[File:Ceprano updated reconstruction.jpg|frameless|125x125px]]
| [[History:Ceprano Man|Ceprano Man]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Di Vincenzo|first1=Fabio|last2=Bernardini|first2=Federico|last3=Manzi|first3=Giorgio|title=The Ceprano calvarium, twenty years after. A new generation of (digital) studies|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Italo_Biddittu|website=ResearchGate|access-date=26 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Fraioli|first1=Luca|title=Dopo 400mila anni, ecco il vero volto dell'Uomo di Ceprano|url=http://www.repubblica.it/scienze/2017/10/25/news/dopo_400mila_anni_ecco_il_vero_volto_dell_uomo_di_ceprano-179294030/|access-date=26 October 2017}}</ref>
| 0.450±0.050
| ''Homo cepranensis''<br />/''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]''
| 1994
| Ceprano, Italy
| Italo Biddittu
| Servizio di antropologia, Soprintendenza ai beni culturali, Regione Lazio, Italy
|-
|[[File:Skull4 3quarters Sima de los Huesos.jpg|frameless|102x102px]]
|[[Biology:Agamenón (hominin)|Agamenón]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-11 |title="Agamenón", el homínido más famoso de Atapuerca, no estaba sordo |url=https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/a/agamenon-hominido-mas-famoso-atapuerca-no-estaba-sordo_14792 |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=historia.nationalgeographic.com.es |language=es}}</ref>
|0.43
|''Homo neanderthalensis''<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Stringer |first=Chris |date=2012 |title=The status of Homo heidelbergensis (Schoetensack 1908) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/evan.21311 |journal=Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews |language=en |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=101–107 |doi=10.1002/evan.21311|pmid=22718477 |s2cid=205826399 }}</ref>
|1997
|{{wipe|Spain}}
|Paleontological teams
|Museo de la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)
|-
| [[File:Homo heidelbergensis-Cranium -5.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biology:Miguelón|Miguelón]]
| 0.40
| ''Homo neanderthalensis<ref name=":4" />''
| 1992
| {{wipe|Spain}}
| Bermúdez, [[Biography:Juan Luis Arsuaga|Arsuaga]] & Carbonell
| Museo de la Evolución Humana, Burgos (Spain)

|-
| [[File:Aroeira3.jpg|100px]]
| Aroeira 3
| 0.40
| ''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]''
| 2014
| Portugal
| {{ill|João Zilhão|de|vertical-align=sup}}
| Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, Lisbon
|-
| [[File:Sale skull.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biology:Salé cranium|Salé cranium]]<ref>{{cite book |editor=Eric Delson |editor2=Ian Tattersall |editor3=John Van Couvering |editor4=Alison S. Brooks |year=2004 |title=Encyclopedia of Human Evolution and Prehistory: Second Edition |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1135582289 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6GFGsswTIO8C |access-date=9 August 2015 |page=624|last1=Delson |first1=Eric |last2=Tattersall |first2=Ian |last3=Couvering |first3=John Van |last4=Brooks |first4=Alison S. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/sal%C3%A9 |title=Salé |author=Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History |work= What does it mean to be human? |access-date=18 May 2014|date=2010-01-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=J. J. Jaeger |year=1975 |chapter=The mammalian faunas and hominid fossils of the Middle Pleistocene of the Maghreb |editor1=K. W. Butzer |editor2=G. L. Isaac |title=After the Australopithecines |pages=399–418 |location=Den Hage |isbn=978-9027976291}}</ref>
| 0.40-0.20
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''?<ref>{{Citation |last=Bräuer |first=G. |title=Middle Pleistocene Diversity in Africa and the Origin of Modern Humans |date=2012 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2929-2_15 |work=Modern Origins: A North African Perspective |pages=221–240 |editor-last=Hublin |editor-first=Jean-Jacques |access-date=2023-08-13 |series=Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology |place=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer Netherlands |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2929-2_15 |isbn=978-94-007-2929-2 |editor2-last=McPherron |editor2-first=Shannon P.}}</ref>
| 1971
| Morocco
| Quarry worker
|
|-
| [[File:Swanscombe occipital 01.jpg|100px|Replica]]
| Swanscombe Man<ref>Natural History Museum [https://web.archive.org/web/20160403075311/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/natureplus/blogs/whats-new/2014/02/11/neanderthal-woman-in-pieces ''Neanderthal woman in pieces''] Retrieved 16 May 2018</ref>
| 0.40
| ''Homo neanderthalensis''
| 1935, 1936, 1955
| UK
| Alvan T Marston, John J Wymer and Adrian Gibson
| [[Biology:Natural History Museum, London|Natural History Museum]]
|-
| [[File:Nduru Fossil Replica 01.JPG|100px|Replica made by a 3D printer]]
| Ndutu<ref>http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/ndutu {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194444/http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/ndutu |date=2016-03-04 }} Image at Smithsonian</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Montiel |first1=Gustavo |last2=Lorenzo |first2=Carlos |date=2023 |title=A New Virtual Reconstruction of the Ndutu Cranium |journal=Heritage |language=en |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=2822–2850 |doi=10.3390/heritage6030151 |issn=2571-9408 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| 0.45±.04
| ''Homo neanderthalensis'' affinities
| 1973
| Tanzania
| A.A. Mturi
|
|-
|
| Hexian Man<ref>{{cite web |url=http://peterbrown-palaeoanthropology.net/hexian.html |title=Hexian |publisher=Peter Brown's Australian & Asian Palaeoanthropology |author=Peter Brown |access-date=2014-05-18}}</ref><ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/pa830.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606191829/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/pa830.html|date=2013-06-06}} Hexian PA830 image at Modern Human Origins</ref>
| 0.412±0.025<ref name="Grun">{{cite journal |author=Rainer Grün |author2=Pei-Hua Huang |author3=Wanpo Huang |author4=Frank McDermott |author5=Alan Thorne |author6=Chris B. Stringer |author7=Ge Yan |year=1998 |title=ESR and U-series analyses of teeth from the palaeoanthropological site of Hexian, Anhui Province, China |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=34 |issue=6 |pages=555–564 |doi=10.1006/jhev.1997.0211 |issn=0047-2484 |pmid=9650100}}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1980-1981<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Maolin |first=Wu |date=1983 |title=''Homo erectus'' from Hexian, Anhui found in 1981 |url=http://www.anthropol.ac.cn/EN/abstract/abstract79.shtml |journal=Acta Anthropologica Sinica |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=109–205}}</ref>
| Hexian, {{wipe|China}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Gawiscranium.-detallejpg.jpg|100px]]
| Gawis cranium
| 0.350±0.150
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]/Homo sapiens''
| 2006
| Ethiopia
| Asahmed Humet
|
|-
| [[File:Steinheimer Urmensch Schaedel.jpg|100px]]
| Steinheim Skull
| 0.35
| ''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]''
| 1933
| {{wipe|Germany}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Homo naledi skeletal specimens.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biology:Homo naledi|Dinaledi Chamber hominins]]
| 0.325±0.090<ref>{{cite journal|title=The age of Homo naledi and associated sediments in the Rising Star Cave, South Africa|first1=Paul HGM|last1=Dirks|first2=Eric M.|last2=Roberts|first3=Hannah|last3=Hilbert-Wolf|first4=Jan D.|last4=Kramers|first5=John|last5=Hawks|first6=Anthony|last6=Dosseto|first7=Mathieu|last7=Duval|first8=Marina|last8=Elliott|first9=Mary|last9=Evans|first10=Rainer|last10=Grün|first11=John|last11=Hellstrom|first12=Andy IR|last12=Herries|first13=Renaud|last13=Joannes-Boyau|first14=Tebogo V.|last14=Makhubela|first15=Christa J.|last15=Placzek|first16=Jessie|last16=Robbins|first17=Carl|last17=Spandler|first18=Jelle|last18=Wiersma|first19=Jon|last19=Woodhead|first20=Lee R.|last20=Berger|date=9 May 2017|journal=eLife|volume=6|pages=e24231|doi=10.7554/eLife.24231|pmid=28483040|pmc=5423772 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Homo naledi|Homo naledi]]''
| 2013
| {{wipe|South Africa}}
| Rick Hunter and Steven Tucker
| University of the Witwatersrand (South Africa)<noinclude>
|-
|[[File:Montmaurin la niche mandible.png|frameless|102x102px]]
|
|
|[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|''Homo heilbergensis'']]
|1949
|{{wipe|France}}
|
|Musée de l’Homme
|-
|[[File:Balanica BH1.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
| BH-1
| 0.4<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Skinner|first1=Matthew M.|last2=de Vries|first2=Dorien|last3=Gunz|first3=Philipp|last4=Kupczik|first4=Kornelius|last5=Klassen|first5=R. Paul|last6=Hublin|first6=Jean-Jacques|last7=Roksandic|first7=Mirjana|date=2016-04-01|title=A dental perspective on the taxonomic affinity of the Balanica mandible (BH-1)|journal=Journal of Human Evolution|language=en|volume=93|pages=63–81|doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.01.010|pmid=27086056|issn=0047-2484|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]''
|
| Mala Balanica, Serbia
|
|
|-
|}

===[[Earth:Middle Paleolithic|Middle Paleolithic]]: 300,000–50,000 years old{{anchor|Middle_Paleolithic}}===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
!
! Name
! Age ([[Astronomy:Kyr|ka]])
! Species
! Year<br />discovered
! Country
! Discovered by
! Now located at</noinclude>
|-
| [[File:Harbin cranium profile.png|frameless|104x104px]]
| Dragon Man
| 309–138
| ''Homo longi''
| 1933
| {{wipe|China}}
| 
| Hebei GEO University
|-
| [[File:Rhodesian Man.jpg|100px]]
| Broken Hill 1<br />(Kabwe 1, Rhodesian Man)
| 299±25<ref>Grün, R., Pike, A., McDermott, F., Eggins, S., Mortimer, G., Aubert, M., ... & Brink, J. (2020). Dating the skull from Broken Hill, Zambia, and its position in human evolution. Nature, 580(7803), 372-375.</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Homo rhodesiensis|Homo rhodesiensis]]'' (''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]'')
| 1921
| Zambia
| Tom Zwiglaar
|
|-
| [[File:Jebel Irhoud 1. Homo Sapiens.jpg|100px|Jebel Irhoud 1]]
| [[Biology:Jebel Irhoud|Jebel Irhoud 1–5]]
| 315±32<ref>{{cite journal |author=David Richter|display-authors=0|title=The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age|journal=Nature|date=8 June 2017|volume=546|issue=7657|pages=293–96|doi=10.1038/nature22335|pmid=28593967|bibcode=2017Natur.546..293R|s2cid=205255853}}
"Here we report the ages, determined by thermoluminescence dating, of fire-heated flint artefacts obtained from new excavations at the Middle Stone Age site of Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, which are directly associated with newly discovered remains of H. sapiens8. A weighted average age places these Middle Stone Age artefacts and fossils at 315±34 thousand years ago. Support is obtained through the recalculated uranium series with electron spin resonance date of 286±32 thousand years ago for a tooth from the Irhoud 3 hominin mandible.";
{{cite journal  |vauthors=Smith TM, Tafforeau P, Reid DJ, etal |title=Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=104 |issue=15 |pages=6128–33 |date=April 2007  |pmid=17372199 |pmc=1828706 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0700747104 |bibcode=2007PNAS..104.6128S |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''
| 2017
| Morocco
|INSAP
|
|-
| [[File:Homo erectus palaeohungaricus.JPG|100px]]
| Samu<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Soukup |first1=Václav |last2=Mechurová |first2=Zdenka |date=2018-12-14 |title=Mysterious Prehistoric Samuel: Homo erectus paleohungaricus in the Context of Anthropogenesis |url=https://journals.muni.cz/anthropologia_integra/article/view/11426 |journal=Anthropologia Integra |language=en |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=7–19 |doi=10.5817/AI2018-2-7 |issn=1804-6665|doi-access=free }}</ref>
| 275±25
| ''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]''
| 1964
| Hungary
| László Vértes
|
|-
|[[File:Dali Man Skull, Replica.jpg|frameless|101x101px]]
| Dali Man<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/dali.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828232622/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/dali.html|date=2010-08-28}} Dali image at Modern Human Origins</ref>
| 260±20<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.05.027 | volume=434 | title=TT-OSL and post-IR IRSL dating of the Dali Man site in central China | year=2017 | journal=Quaternary International | pages=99–106 | last1 = Sun | first1 = Xuefeng | last2 = Yi | first2 = Shuangwen | last3 = Lu | first3 = Huayu | last4 = Zhang | first4 = Wenchao| bibcode=2017QuInt.434...99S }}
"correlating the pIRIR290 ages between 267.7±13.9 ka and 258.3±14.2 ka and new pollen analysis, we proposed a new viewpoint that the Dali Man was likely to live during a transitional period from glacial to interglacial climate in the S2/L3 (MIS 7/8) stage."</ref>
| ''Homo daliensis''
| 1978
| {{wipe|China}}
| Shuntang Liu
|
|-
|[[File:Jinniushan face illustration.png|frameless|143x143px]]
|Jinniushan
|260-200 ka<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lu |first1=Z. |last2=Meldrum |first2=D. J. |last3=Huang |first3=Y. |last4=He |first4=J. |last5=Sarmiento |first5=E. E. |date=2011-12-01 |title=The Jinniushan hominin pedal skeleton from the late Middle Pleistocene of China |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018442X11000680 |journal=HOMO |volume=62 |issue=6 |pages=389–401 |doi=10.1016/j.jchb.2011.08.008 |pmid=22040649 |issn=0018-442X}}</ref>
|''[[Biography:Homo longi|Homo longi]]Homo daliensis''
|1984
|{{wipe|China}}<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Ju-kang) |first=Wu Rukang (Woo |date=1988-06-15 |title=The reconstruction of the fossil human skull from Jinniushan, Yinkou, Liaoning Province and its maintures |url=http://www.anthropol.ac.cn/EN/ |journal=Acta Anthropologica Sinica |language=en |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=97 |issn=1000-3193}}</ref>
|Paleolithic Archeology Student Excavation Team<ref name=":3" />
|
|-
| [[File:Florisbad-Helmei-Homo heidelbergensis.jpg|100px| ]]
| Florisbad Skull
| 259±35
| early ''Homo sapiens''<br />or ''Homo heidelbergensis''<br />or ''Homo helmei''
| 1932
| {{wipe|South Africa}}
| T. F. Dreyer, G. Venter
|
|-
| [[File:IMJ view 20130115 192522.jpg|100px]]
| Galilee Man
| 250±50
| ''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]''
| 1925
| [[Place:Israel|Israel]]
| Francis Turville-Petre
|
|-
|[[File:Musée archéologique de Montmaurin - Crânes A.jpg|frameless|102x102px]]
|Coupe-Gorge<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ariadne portal |url=https://portal.ariadne-infrastructure.eu/resource/884acb1c340a278f5a04d0e26cf4db3eead132f0e16cdbf49feb688b25d89c12 |access-date=2024-01-29 |website=portal.ariadne-infrastructure.eu}}</ref>
|250
|''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]''
|1949
|{{wipe|France}}
|Raoul Cammas
|
|-
|[[File:Montmaurin la niche mandible.png|frameless|102x102px]]
|Montmaurin-La Niche mandible<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Vialet |first1=Amélie |last2=Modesto-Mata |first2=Mario |last3=Martinón-Torres |first3=María |last4=Pinillos |first4=Marina Martínez de |last5=Castro |first5=José-María Bermúdez de |date=2018-01-16 |title=A reassessment of the Montmaurin-La Niche mandible (Haute Garonne, France) in the context of European Pleistocene human evolution |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=e0189714 |bibcode=2018PLoSO..1389714V |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0189714 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5770020 |pmid=29337994 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
|250
|''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]''
|1949
|{{wipe|France}}
|Raoul Cammas
|Musée de l’Homme
|-
| [[File:Saccopastore 1.JPG|100px|left]]
| [[Biology:Saccopastore skulls|Saccopastore 1]]
| 250<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thelocal.it/20151104/italy-dates-its-first-neanderthal-to-250k-years-ago|title=Italy's first Neanderthal dates back 250,000 years|date=4 November 2015}}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1929
| Grotta Guattari / Italy
| Mario Grazioli
|
|-
|
| [[Biology:Saccopastore skulls|Saccopastore 2]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bruner |first1=Emiliano |last2=Manzi |first2=Giorgio |date=2008-06-01 |title=Paleoneurology of an "early" Neandertal: endocranial size, shape, and features of Saccopastore 1 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248407002461 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |language=en |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=729–742 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.08.014 |issn=0047-2484 |pmid=18178238 |hdl=11573/69600}}</ref>
| 250
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1935
| Grotta Guattari / Italy
| Henry Breuil and Alberto Carlo Blanc
|
|-
|

| Narmada Cranium
|  236-46
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]'' or ''Homo sapiens''
|
| Narmada River
|-
|

| Bontnewydd Palaeolithic site, Denbighshire, Wales
| 230
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1981
| Wales, UK
|
|
|-
|
| Apidima 1<br />(LAO 1/S1)
| 210<ref name='Nature Harvati2019'>{{Cite journal|author1=Katerina Harvati |author2=Carolin Röding |author3=Abel M. Bosman |author4=Fotios A. Karakostis |author5=Rainer Grün |author6=Chris Stringer |author7=Panagiotis Karkanas |author8=Nicholas C. Thompson |author9=Vassilis Koutoulidis |author10=Lia A. Moulopoulos |author11=Vassilis G. Gorgoulis |author12=Mirsini Kouloukoussa |year=2019 |title=Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of ''Homo sapiens'' in Eurasia |journal=Nature |volume=571  |issue=7766 |pages=500–04 |doi=10.1038/s41586-019-1376-z |pmid=31292546 |s2cid=195873640 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/6646855 }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''
| 1978
| Apidima Cave / Greece
| Theodore Pitsios<ref name='Signals 2007'>[http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.630.7724&rep=rep1&type=pdf Signals of Evolution in the Territory of Greece. Paleoanthropological Findings.] Christos Valsamis. Intensive Course in Biological  Anthropology. 1st Summer School of the European Anthropological Association. 16–30 June 2007, Prague, Czech Republic.</ref>
|
|-
| [[File:Petralona1.JPG|100px|Petralona 1]]
| [[Biology:Petralona skull|Petralona 1]]
| 200±40<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hennig|first1=G. J.|last2=Herr|first2=W.|last3=Weber|first3=E.|last4=Xirotiris|first4=N. I.|title=ESR-dating of the fossil hominid cranium from Petralona Cave, Greece|journal=Nature|date=6 August 1981|volume=292|issue=5823|pages=533–36|doi=10.1038/292533a0|bibcode=1981Natur.292..533H|s2cid=4359695}}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Homo heidelbergensis|Homo heidelbergensis]]'' (uncertain)
| 1960
| Greece
|
|
|-
|[[File:Omo II 01.jpg|frameless|143x143px]]
| Omo remains
| 233±22<ref name="Vidal22">{{Cite journal|last1=Vidal|first1=Celine M.|last2=Lane|first2=Christine S.|last3=Asfawrossen|first3=Asrat|display-authors=0| date=Jan 2022|title=Age of the oldest known Homo sapiens from eastern Africa|journal=Nature|volume=601|issue=7894|pages=579–583|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-04275-8 |pmid=35022610|pmc=8791829|bibcode=2022Natur.601..579V }}</ref> or 195±5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/omo1.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818165507/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/omo1.html|archive-date=2010-08-18|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1967
| Ethiopia
| [[Biography:Richard Leakey|Richard Leakey]]
|
|-
|
| Laterite Baby
| 190(?)<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rajendran|first1=P.|last2=Koshy|first2=Peter|last3=Sadasivan|first3=Santha|date=2006-12-01|title=Homo Sapiens (Archaic) Baby Fossil of the Middle Pleistocene|journal=Ancient Asia|language=en|volume=1|pages=7–13|doi=10.5334/aa.06102|issn=2042-5937|doi-access=free}}

{{Cite journal|last1=Rajendran|first1=P.|last2=Bharath Kumar|first2=R.|last3=Bhanu|first3=Vijaya|date=2003|title=Fossilized hominid baby skull from the ferricrete at Odai, Bommayarpalayam, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu, South India|url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/mar252003/754.pdf|journal=Current Science|language=en|volume=84|issue=6|pages=754|access-date=2019-09-25|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235000/http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/mar252003/754.pdf|url-status=dead}}
"A similar type of ferricrete on Kerala coast has been dated by electron spin resonance to 0.187 million years. Therefore, more or less the same age can be assigned to the ferricrete at Odai and to the infant baby skull found within it. In  the  hominid evolutionary stage this may belong to the Homo erectus or Homo sapiens (Archaic)"</ref>
| ''H. erectus''<br>or<br>''H. sapiens''
| 2001
| Tamil Nadu, {{wipe|India}}
| P Rajendran
|
|-
|
| Misliya-1
| 187±13<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hershkovitz|first1=Israel|last2=Weber|first2=Gerhard W.|last3=Quam|first3=Rolf|last4=Duval|first4=Mathieu|last5=Grün|first5=Rainer|last6=Kinsley|first6=Leslie|last7=Ayalon|first7=Avner|last8=Bar-Matthews|first8=Miryam|last9=Valladas|first9=Helene|last10=Mercier|first10=Norbert|last11=Arsuaga|first11=Juan Luis|last12=Martinón-Torres|first12=María|last13=Bermúdez de Castro|first13=José María|last14=Fornai|first14=Cinzia|last15=Martín-Francés|first15=Laura|last16=Sarig|first16=Rachel|last17=May|first17=Hila|last18=Krenn|first18=Viktoria A.|last19=Slon|first19=Viviane|last20=Rodríguez|first20=Laura|last21=García|first21=Rebeca|last22=Lorenzo|first22=Carlos|last23=Carretero|first23=Jose Miguel|last24=Frumkin|first24=Amos|last25=Shahack-Gross|first25=Ruth|last26=Bar-Yosef Mayer|first26=Daniella E.|last27=Cui|first27=Yaming|last28=Wu|first28=Xinzhi|last29=Peled|first29=Natan|last30=Groman-Yaroslavski|first30=Iris|last31=Weissbrod|first31=Lior|last32=Yeshurun|first32=Reuven|last33=Tsatskin|first33=Alexander|last34=Zaidner|first34=Yossi|last35=Weinstein-Evron|first35=Mina|title=The earliest modern humans outside Africa|journal=Science|date=25 January 2018|volume=359|issue=6374|pages=456–59|doi=10.1126/science.aap8369|pmid=29371468|bibcode=2018Sci...359..456H|doi-access=free|hdl=10072/372670|hdl-access=free}}</ref>
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 2002
| [[Place:Israel|Israel]]
| Israel Hershkovitz
|
|-
|
| Apidima 2<br />(LAO 1/S2)
| 170<ref name='Nature Harvati2019' />
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1978
| Apidima Cave / Greece
| Theodore Pitsios<ref name='Signals 2007' />
|
|-
| [[File:Fossil of Mandible of Penghu 1.JPG|100px]]
| [[Biology:Penghu 1|Penghu 1]]
| 160±30 or 40±30<ref>Found underwater, this fossil was stratigraphically dated to younger than 450 ka, and assigned to either of two plausible low-sea-level events, but it is unknown whether it dates to the [[Earth:Eemian|Eemian]] or to the [[Earth:Last Glacial Maximum|LGM]].
{{cite journal|last1=Chang|first1=Chun-Hsiang|last2=Kaifu|first2=Yousuke|last3=Takai|first3=Masanaru|last4=Kono|first4=Reiko T.|last5=Grün|first5=Rainer|last6=Matsu’ura|first6=Shuji|last7=Kinsley|first7=Les|last8=Lin|first8=Liang-Kong|title=The first archaic ''Homo'' from Taiwan|journal=Nature Communications|date=2015|volume=6|pages=6037|doi=10.1038/ncomms7037|pmid=25625212|pmc=4316746|bibcode=2015NatCo...6.6037C}}
</ref>
| ''Homo tsaichangensis''<ref name="McMenaminHtsaichangensis2015">{{ cite book| author = McMenamin, M. A. S.| year=2015
| title = Homo tsaichangensis ''and'' Gigantopithecus| location = South Hadley, MA | isbn = 978-1-893882-19-5 |doi=10.13140/2.1.3463.7121| publisher = Meanma}}</ref><ref name="Changetal2015">{{ cite journal | year=2015 | title=First archaic ''Homo'' from Taiwan | journal=Nature Communications |author1=Chang, C.-H. |author2=Kaifu, M. |author3=Kona, R. T. |author4=Grün, R. |author5=Matsu'ura, S. |author6=Kinsley, L. |author7=Lin, L.-K. |doi=10.1038/ncomms7037 | volume=6 | pages=6037 | pmid=25625212 | pmc=4316746| bibcode=2015NatCo...6.6037C }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Ancient Human Fossil Could Be New Primitive Species|first=Charles Q.|last= Choi|website= Live Science|date= January 27, 2015|url=http://www.livescience.com/49588-ancient-human-fossil-primitive-species.html}}</ref>
| {{sort|2008, c|{{circa|2008}}}}
| Taiwan
|
| National Museum of Natural Science
|-
| [[File:Homo Sapiens Idaltu.JPG|100px|Herto's skull]]
| [[Biology:Homo sapiens idaltu|Herto remains]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/s877478.htm|title=News in Science – Missing link in human evolution found in Africa |date=December 6, 2003|website=www.abc.net.au}}</ref>
| 160
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1997
| Ethiopia
| Tim White
|
|-
| [[File:Xiahe mandible.jpg|100px|Lateral view]]
| Xiahe mandible
| [[History:Denisovan|Denisovan]]
| 1980
| {{wipe|China}}
|
|
|-
|[[File:Viste dell'uomo di altamura.jpg|left|frameless|97x97px]]
| [[Biology:Altamura Man|Altamura Man]]
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1993
| Italy
|
| ''in situ''
|-
| [[File:Nesher Ramla Homo fossils- a skull fragment and a lower jaw.jpg|100px]]
| [[Social:Nesher Ramla Homo|Nesher Ramla ''Homo'']]
| 140±120
| [[Social:Nesher Ramla Homo|Nesher Ramla ''Homo'']]<br>or<br>''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 2021
| [[Place:Israel|Israel]]
| Israel Hershkovitz 
| 
|-
| [[File:Maba. Homo heidelbergensis.jpg|left|frameless|100x100px]]
| Maba Man 
| 140±120
| early modern human,
''Homo neanderthalensis''

or

[[History:Denisovan|Denisovan]]
| 1958
| Shaogun, {{wipe|China}}
|
| Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology
|-
| [[File:LH 18 Replica 01.JPG|100px]]
| LH 18
| 120±30
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1976
| Ngaloba beds at Laetoli, Tanzania
| Mary Leakey<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Magori | first1 = M.H.Day | year = 1983| title = Laetoli Hominid 18: an early Homo sapiens skull | journal = Journal of Human Evolution | volume = 12 | issue = 8| pages = 747–53 | doi = 10.1016/S0047-2484(83)80130-4 }}</ref>
|
|-
| [[File:Homo Neanderthalensis Tabun 1 Mount Carmel Israel About 1200,000-50,000 BP.jpg|100px|Tabun C1. Low resolution]]
| Tabun C1<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/tabun1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816062229/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/tabun1.html |date=2013-08-16 }} Tabun 1 Image at Modern Human Origins</ref>
| 120
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1967
| [[Place:Israel|Israel]]
| Arthur Jelinek
|
|-
|
|Sarstedt (Sst) I-III<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Czarnetzki |first1=A. |last2=Gaudzinski |first2=S. |last3=Pusch |first3=C. M. |date=2001-08-01 |title=Hominid skull fragments from Late Pleistocene layers in Leine Valley (Sarstedt, District of Hildesheim, Germany) |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248401904841 |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=133–140 |doi=10.1006/jhev.2001.0484 |pmid=11437523 |issn=0047-2484}}</ref>
|115-58 ka
|''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''?
|1997-1999
|{{wipe|Germany}}
|Frangenberg brothers
|
|-
|[[File:Krapina 3.jpg|100px]]
|Krapina 3<ref>{{cite web |title=Krapina C Images at Modern Human Origins |url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/krapinac.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013702/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/krapinac.html |archive-date=2007-09-27 |access-date=2007-03-20}}</ref>
|113.5±13.5<ref name="pnas">{{cite journal |vauthors=Smith TM, Tafforeau P, Reid DJ, etal |date=December 2010 |title=Dental evidence for ontogenetic differences between modern humans and Neanderthals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=107 |issue=49 |pages=20923–28 |bibcode=2010PNAS..10720923S |doi=10.1073/pnas.1010906107 |pmc=3000267 |pmid=21078988 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
|''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
|1899
|Croatia
|Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger
|
|-
| [[File:Ngandong 7-Homo erectus.jpg|100px]]
| Ngandong 7
| 112<ref>{{cite web|url= https://phys.org/news/2019-12-age-settlement-ancestor-modern-humans.html |title=Researchers determine age for last known settlement by a direct ancestor to modern humans |publisher=Nature }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
| 1931
| Indonesia
| C. ter Haar and G. H. R. von Koenigswald
|
|-
|
| [[History:Denisovan|Denisova 8]]
| ''[[History:Denisovan|Denisovan]]''
| 2010
| {{wipe|Russia}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Panel1-Qafezh 6 0-39-18 327x239.jpg|100px]]
| Qafzeh 6<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/qafzeh6.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100718082720/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/qafzeh6.html|archive-date=2010-07-18|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 95±5<ref name="pnas"/>
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''
| 1930
| [[Place:Israel|Israel]]
| R. Neuville, M. Stekelis
|
|-
| [[File:Qafzeh.JPG|100px]]
| Qafzeh 9
| 100–90<ref name="pnas"/>
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coutinho-Nogueira |first1=Dany |last2=Coqueugniot |first2=Hélène |last3=Tillier |first3=Anne-marie |title=Qafzeh 9 Early Modern Human from Southwest Asia: age at death and sex estimation re-assessed |journal=HOMO |date=10 September 2021 |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=293–305 |doi=10.1127/homo/2021/1513|pmid=34505621 |s2cid=237469414 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03368602 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Coutinho Nogueira |first1=D. |last2=Dutour |first2=O. |last3=Coqueugniot |first3=H. |last4=Tillier |first4=A.-m. |title=Qafzeh 9 mandible (ca 90–100 kyrs BP, Israel) revisited: μ-CT and 3D reveal new pathological conditions |journal=International Journal of Paleopathology |date=September 2019 |volume=26 |pages=104–110 |doi=10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.06.002|pmid=31351220 |s2cid=198953011 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02266401/file/Coutinho%20Nogueira%20et%20al.%202019%20mandibule.pdf }}</ref>
| 1933
| [[Place:Israel|Israel]]
| B. Vandermeersch
|
|-
|
| [[Earth:Scladina|Scladina]]
| 103±23<ref name="pnas"/>
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1993
| Belgium
|
|
|-
| [[File:Skhul.JPG|100px]]
| Skhul 5
| 100±20
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''
| 1933
| [[Place:Israel|Israel]]
| T. McCown and H. Moivus Jr.
|
|-
|
| Skhul 9
| 100±20
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]] ''
|
| [[Place:Israel|Israel]]
|
|
|-
|
| [[Biology:Klasies River Caves|Klasies River Caves]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Modernhumanorigins.net |url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/klasies.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610210613/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/klasies.html |archive-date=2010-06-10 |access-date=2007-03-17 |website=www.modernhumanorigins.net}}</ref>
| 100±25
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1960
| {{wipe|South Africa}}
| Ray Inskeep, Robin Singer, John Wymer, Hilary Deacon
|
|-
| [[File:Eve Footprints replica.jpg|100px]]
| Eve's footprints
| 117
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1995
| {{wipe|South Africa}}
| David Roberts & Lee R. Berger
|
|-
|[[File:Liujiang cave skull-b. Homo Sapiens 68,000 Years Old.jpg|frameless|101x101px]]
| Liujiang man
| 113.5±45.5
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1958
| {{wipe|China}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Denisova-111.jpg|100px]]
| ''[[Biology:Denny (hybrid hominin)|Denny]]''<ref name="NAT-20180822">{{cite journal |last=Warren |first=Matthew |title=Mum's a Neanderthal, Dad's a Denisovan: First discovery of an ancient-human hybrid – Genetic analysis uncovers a direct descendant of two different groups of early humans. |date=22 August 2018 |journal=Nature |volume=560 |issue=7719 |pages=417–18 |doi=10.1038/d41586-018-06004-0 |pmid=30135540 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2018Natur.560..417W }}</ref><ref name="SCI-20180822">{{cite journal |last=Vogel |first=Gretchen |title=This ancient bone belonged to a child of two extinct human species |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/ancient-bone-belonged-child-two-extinct-human-species |date=22 August 2018 |journal=Science |doi=10.1126/science.aav1858 |s2cid=188160693 |access-date=22 August 2018 }}</ref><ref name="NS-20180822">{{cite web |last=Marshall |first=Michael |title=Prehistoric girl had parents belonging to different human species |url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2177634-prehistoric-girl-had-parents-belonging-to-different-human-species/ |date=22 August 2018 |work=New Scientist |access-date=22 August 2018 }}</ref>
| 90
| [[Biology:Hybrid|Hybrid]] – (''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''/''[[History:Denisovan|Homo sapiens denisova]]'')
| 2012
| Denisova Cave / Siberia / {{wipe|Russia}}
| Viviane Slon & [[Biography:Svante Pääbo|Svante Pääbo]]
| Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Leipzig, Germany)
|-
|
| Obi-Rakhmat 1<ref>{{cite book | title = Asian paleanthropology: From Africa to China and beyond | first1=Christopher J. |last1=Norton |first2=David R. |last2=Braun |page=107 |location=New York|publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-90-481-9094-2 |isbn=978-90-481-9093-5| series=Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology | year=2011 }}</ref>
| 75<ref name="pnas"/>
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 2003
| Uzbekistan
|
|
|-
| [[File:Teshik-Task. Homo neanderthalensis child.jpg|100px]]
| Teshik-Tash Skull<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History | title = What does it mean to be human? | access-date = July 27, 2012 | url = http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/f-teshik-tash | date = 2010-02-27 | archive-date = 2021-03-05 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210305192253/https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/3d-collection/f-teshik-tash | url-status = dead }}</ref>
| 70
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1938
| Uzbekistan
| A. Okladnikov
|
|-
| [[File:Ferrassie skull.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biology:La Ferrassie 1|La Ferrassie 1]]
| 70
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1909
| {{wipe|France}}
| R. Capitan and D. Peyrony
|
|-
| [[File:Shanidar skull.jpg|100px]]
| Shanidar 1
| 70±10
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1961
| Iraq
| Ralph Solecki
|
|-
|[[File:Stamp of Indonesia - 1989 - Colnect 256587 - Skull of “Sambungmacan 1”.jpeg|left|frameless|136x136px]]
|Sambungmacan (Sm) 1-4
|70- 40<ref name=":1"/>
|''[[Biology:Homo erectus|Homo erectus]]''
|1973-2001<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Yokoyama |first1=Yuji |last2=Falguères |first2=Christophe |last3=Sémah |first3=François |last4=Jacob |first4=Teuku |last5=Grün |first5=Rainer |date=2008-08-01 |title=Gamma-ray spectrometric dating of late Homo erectus skulls from Ngandong and Sambungmacan, Central Java, Indonesia |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004724840800047X |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |language=en |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=274–277 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.01.006 |pmid=18479734 |issn=0047-2484}}</ref>
|Indonesia
|Construction and fossil collectors<ref name=":1" />
|
|-
| [[File:La Quina. H 5. Homo neanderthalensis.jpg|100px]]
| La Quina 5<ref>{{cite web |url= https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/la-quina-5|title=La Quina 5 |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=30 August 2022 |website=National Museum of Natural History |publisher= Smithsonian Institution|access-date= 18 November 2023|quote=}}</ref>
| 65
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
|
| {{wipe|France}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Homo sapiens neanderthalensis.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biology:La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1|La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1]]
| 60
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1908
| {{wipe|France}}
| A. and J. Bouyssonie and L. Bardon
|
|-
| [[File:Kebara 2 skeleton replica.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biology:Kebara 2|Kebara 2]] (Moshe)<ref name=lucytolanguage>{{cite book|first1= Donald|last1= Johanson|first2=Blake|last2=Edgar|title=From Lucy to Language|url= https://archive.org/details/fromlucytolangua2006joha|url-access= registration|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7432-8064-8}}</ref>
| 60
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1983
| [[Place:Israel|Israel]]
| Lynne Schepartz
|
|-
|
| Amud 7<ref>{{cite web |title=Modernhumanorigins.net |url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/amud7.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716234938/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/amud7.html |archive-date=2011-07-16 |access-date=2007-03-18 |website=www.modernhumanorigins.net}}</ref>
| 55±5
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
|
| [[Place:Israel|Israel]]
|
|
|-
| [[File:Specimen LB1.jpg|100px|LB 1 skeleton]]
| [[Biology:Homo floresiensis|LB 1 (Hobbit)]]
| 55±5
| ''[[Biology:Homo floresiensis|Homo floresiensis]]''
| 2003
| Liang Bua, Indonesia
| Peter Brown
|
|-
|
| Manot 1
| 55
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 2008
| [[Place:Israel|Israel]]
|<ref name=nature15>{{cite journal|last1=Hershkovitz|first1=Israel|last2=Marder|first2=Ofer|last3=Ayalon|first3=Avner|last4=Bar-Matthews|first4=Miryam|last5=Yasur|first5=Gal|last6=Boaretto|first6=Elisabetta|last7=Caracuta|first7=Valentina|last8=Alex|first8=Bridget|last9=Frumkin|first9=Amos|last10=Goder-Goldberger|first10=Mae|last11=Gunz|first11=Philipp|last12=Holloway|first12=Ralph L.|last13=Latimer|first13=Bruce|last14=Lavi|first14=Ron|last15=Matthews|first15=Alan|last16=Slon|first16=Viviane|last17=Mayer|first17=Daniella Bar-Yosef|last18=Berna|first18=Francesco|last19=Bar-Oz|first19=Guy|last20=Yeshurun|first20=Reuven|last21=May|first21=Hila|last22=Hans|first22=Mark G.|last23=Weber|first23=Gerhard W.|last24=Barzilai|first24=Omry|title=Levantine cranium from Manot Cave (Israel) foreshadows the first European modern humans|journal=Nature|year=2015|volume=520|issue=7546|doi=10.1038/nature14134|pmid=25629628|display-authors=8|pages=216–19|bibcode=2015Natur.520..216H|s2cid=4386123}}</ref>
|
|-
| [[File:La Quina 18. Homo neanderthalensis child.jpg|100px]]
| 52.5±7.5<ref name="pnas"/>
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
|
| {{wipe|France}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:TPL2 mandible occlusal view.PNG|100px|TPL2 mandible]]
| [[Earth:Tam Pa Ling Cave|Tam Pa Ling Cave]]<ref name="Demeter et al 2012"/>
| 54.5±8.5<ref name="Demeter et al 2012">{{cite journal|last1=Demeter|first1=F.|last2=Shackelford|first2=L. L.|last3=Bacon|first3=A.-M.|last4=Duringer|first4=P.|last5=Westaway|first5=K.|last6=Sayavongkhamdy|first6=T.|last7=Braga|first7=J.|last8=Sichanthongtip|first8=P.|last9=Khamdalavong|first9=P.|last10=Ponche|first10=J.-L.|last11=Wang|first11=H.|last12=Lundstrom|first12=C.|last13=Patole-Edoumba|first13=E.|last14=Karpoff|first14=A.-M.|title=Anatomically modern human in Southeast Asia (Laos) by 46 ka|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|date=2012|volume=109|issue=36|pages=14375–80|doi=10.1073/pnas.1208104109|pmid=22908291|pmc=3437904|bibcode=2012PNAS..10914375D|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Demeter|first1=Fabrice|last2=Shackelford|first2=Laura|last3=Westaway|first3=Kira|last4=Duringer|first4=Philippe|last5=Bacon|first5=Anne-Marie|last6=Ponche|first6=Jean-Luc|last7=Wu|first7=Xiujie|last8=Sayavongkhamdy|first8=Thongsa|last9=Zhao|first9=Jian-Xin|last10=Barnes|first10=Lani|last11=Boyon|first11=Marc|last12=Sichanthongtip|first12=Phonephanh|last13=Sénégas|first13=Frank|last14=Karpoff|first14=Anne-Marie|last15=Patole-Edoumba|first15=Elise|last16=Coppens|first16=Yves|last17=Braga|first17=José|last18=Macchiarelli|first18=Roberto|title=Early Modern Humans and Morphological Variation in Southeast Asia: Fossil Evidence from Tam Pa Ling, Laos|journal=PLOS ONE|date=2015|volume=10|issue=4|pages=e0121193|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0121193|pmid=25849125|pmc=4388508|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1021193D|doi-access=free}}</ref>
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 2009
| Laos
|
|<noinclude>
|-
|}

===[[Earth:Upper Paleolithic|Upper Paleolithic]]: 50,000–11,500 years old{{anchor|Upper_Paleolithic}}===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
!
! Name
! Age ([[Astronomy:Kyr|ka]])
! Species
! Date<br />discovered
! Country
! Discovered by
! Now located at</noinclude>
|-
| [[File:Homo_luzonensis_metatarsal.jpg|100px]]
| ''[[Biology:Homo luzonensis|Homo luzonensis]]''
| 50±10
| ''[[Biology:Homo luzonensis|Homo luzonensis]]''
| 2007
| {{wipe|Philippines}}
| Florent Détroit & Armand Mijares
|
|-
| [[File:Mungo Man.jpg|100px]]
| Mungo Man
| 50±10
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1974
| {{wipe|Australia}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Homo neanderthalensis Circeo MUSE.jpg|100px|Mt. Circeo 1]]
| Mt. Circeo 1<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/circeo.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110530004548/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/circeo.html|archive-date=2011-05-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 50±10
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1939
| Italy
| Prof. Blanc
|
|-
|
| SID-00B
| 49.2±2.5<ref name=Torres2010>{{cite journal | last1 = Torres | first1 = T. | display-authors = etal | year = 2010 | title = Dating of the hominid Homo neanderthalensis remains accumulation from El Sidrón Cave Piloña, Asturias, North Spain: an example of multi-methodological approach to the dating of Upper Pleistocene sites | journal = Archaeometry | volume = 52 | pages = 680–705 | doi = 10.1111/j.1475-4754.2009.00491.x | s2cid = 140163071 | url = https://oa.upm.es/4298/ | hdl = 1885/37039 | hdl-access = free }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1994
| [[History:Sidrón Cave|Sidrón Cave]], {{wipe|Spain}}
|
|
|-
|[[File:Simanya neanderthal.jpg|left|frameless|102x102px]]
|[[Biology:Simanya Neanderthals|Simanya Neanderthals]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Morales |first1=Juan I. |last2=Cebrià |first2=Artur |last3=Soto |first3=María |last4=Rodríguez-Hidalgo |first4=Antonio |last5=Hernando |first5=Raquel |last6=Moreno-Ribas |first6=Elena |last7=Lombao |first7=Diego |last8=Rabuñal |first8=José R. |last9=Martín-Perea |first9=David M. |last10=García-Tabernero |first10=Antonio |last11=Allué |first11=Ethel |last12=García-Basanta |first12=Andrea |last13=Lizano |first13=Esther |last14=Marquès-Bonet |first14=Tomàs |last15=Talamo |first15=Sahra |date=2023 |title=A new assemblage of late Neanderthal remains from Cova Simanya (NE Iberia) |journal=Frontiers in Earth Science |volume=11 |doi=10.3389/feart.2023.1230707 |bibcode=2023FrEaS..1130707M |issn=2296-6463 |doi-access=free |hdl=10230/58416 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
|49-42
|''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
|1978-1979, 2022
|Simanya cave
|Miguel Aznar
|Archaeology Museum of Catalonia
|-
|[[File:Femur ust-ishim 2.jpg|frameless|101x101px]]
| Ust'-Ishim man
| 45
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''
| 2008
| {{wipe|Russia}}
| Nikolai Peristov
|
|-
|
| Kents Cavern 4 maxilla
| 43.5±2.5
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''
| 1927
| UK
|
|
|-
|
| Zlatý kůň woman
| 43
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''
| 1950
| [[Place:Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]
|
|
|-
|
| Tianyuan man
| 40.5±1.5
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''
| 2007
| {{wipe|China}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Amud 1. Homo neanderthalensis.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biology:Amud 1|Amud 1]]<ref>http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/amud1.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110424045839/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/amud1.html |date=2011-04-24 }} Amud 1 Image at Modern Human Origins</ref>
| 41<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Museum of Science, Boston, US | title = Human evolution: interpreting evidence | access-date = July 27, 2012 | url = http://www.mos.org/evolution/fossils/fossilview.php?fid=54 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040502010552/http://www.mos.org/evolution/fossils/fossilview.php?fid=54 | url-status = dead | archive-date = May 2, 2004 }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1961
| [[Place:Israel|Israel]]
| Hisashi Suzuki
|
|-
| [[File:Neander1.jpg|100px|Neanderthal 1]]
| [[Biology:Neanderthal 1|Neanderthal 1]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/neanderthal1.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620070340/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/neanderthal1.html|archive-date=2010-06-20|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 40
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1856
| {{wipe|Germany}}
| Johann Carl Fuhlrott
|
|-
| [[File:Denisova Phalanx distalis.jpg|100px|Denisova phalanx distalis]]
| [[History:Denisovan|Denisova hominin]] (X-Woman)
| 40
| ''[[History:Denisovan|Homo sp. Altai]]''
| 2008
| {{wipe|Russia}}
| Johannes Krause, ''et al.''
|
|-
| [[File:Denisova Neandertal Toe.jpg|100px|Denisova toe bone]]
| hominin toe bone
| 40
| ''[[History:Denisovan|Homo sp. Altai]]'' (possible [[Biology:Neanderthal|Neanderthal]]–Denisovan hybrid)
| 2010
| {{wipe|Russia}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Oase 2-Homo Sapiens.jpg|100px|Oase 2]]
| Oase 1
| 42–37<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Fu | first1 = Q. | display-authors = etal | year = 2015| title = An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor | journal = Nature | volume = 524 | issue = 7564| pages = 216–219 | doi = 10.1038/nature14558 | pmc = 4537386 | bibcode = 2015Natur.524..216F | pmid = 26098372 }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]'' (EEMH x [[Biology:Neanderthal|Neanderthal]] hybrid)
| 2002
| Romania
|
|
|-
|
| Kostenki-14 (Markina Gora)
| 40–37<ref>Синицын, А. А., Исследование памятников древнейшего этапа верхнего палеолита Восточной Европы. Раскопки стоянки Костенки-14 (Маркина Гора), Институт истории материальной культуры РАН, 2004.
{{cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.aaa0114 | volume=346 | title=Genomic structure in Europeans dating back at least 36,200 years | year=2014 | journal=Science | pages=1113–1118 | last1 = Seguin-Orlando | first1 = A. | issue=6213 | bibcode=2014Sci...346.1113S | pmid=25378462| s2cid=206632421 | url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/246496 }}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]'' (EEMH)
| 1954
| {{wipe|Russia}}
|
|
|-
|
| SID-20<ref>[http://www.canadianarchaeology.ca/samples/69702 canadianarchaeology.ca]</ref>
| 37.30±0.83<ref name=Torres2010/>
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1994
| [[History:Sidrón Cave|Sidrón Cave]], {{wipe|Spain}}
|
|
|-
|
| Balangoda Man
| 37
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 2012
| Sri Lanka
|
|
|-
| [[File:Hofmeyr Skull.jpg|100px]]
| Hofmeyr Skull
| 36
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1952
| South Africa
|
|
|-
| [[File:Wadjak I, cast.jpg|100px|Wadjak 1, aka Java Man]]
| Wadjak 1<ref>{{cite journal|journal = Archaeology in Oceania | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | year = 1992 | pages = 37–46 | title = The many faces of Wadjak man | first1 = Paul | last1 = Storm | first2 = Andrew | last2 = Nelson | jstor=40386932 | doi=10.1002/j.1834-4453.1992.tb00281.x}}</ref>
| 33±4.5<ref>Wadjak 1 and Wadjak 2 are  fossil human skulls discovered near Wajak, a town in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia in 1888/90.
Dubbed "Wajak Man", and formerly classified as a separate species (''Homo wadjakensis''), the skulls are now recognized as early anatomically modern human. They were dated to the Holocene,  12 to 5 ka, in the 1990s, but this has been revised in a 2013 study which claimed a far earlier date, "a minimum age of between 37.4 and 28.5 ka".
{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.11.002 | volume=64 | title=U-series and radiocarbon analyses of human and faunal remains from Wajak, Indonesia | year=2013 | journal=Journal of Human Evolution | pages=356–365 | last1 = Storm | first1 = Paul | last2 = Wood | first2 = Rachel | last3 = Stringer | first3 = Chris | last4 = Bartsiokas | first4 = Antonis | last5 = de Vos | first5 = John | last6 = Aubert | first6 = Maxime | last7 = Kinsley | first7 = Les | last8 = Grün | first8 = Rainer| issue=5 | pmid=23465338 }}
J. Krigbaum in: Habu et al. (eds), ''Handbook of East and Southeast Asian Archaeology'' (2017), [https://books.google.com/books?id=ilxCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA314 p. 314].</ref>
| ''Homo sapiens'' (proto-Australoid<ref>Peter Bellwood, ''Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago: Revised Edition'' (2007), [https://books.google.com/books?id=4obAfGBGKY0C&pg=PA86  86ff.]</ref>)
| 1888
| Indonesia
|
|
|-
|[[File:Red Lady of Paviland from feet.jpg|frameless|162x162px]]
| Red Lady of Paviland
| 33
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1823
| Wales, UK
| William Buckland
|
|-
|
| Yamashita-Cho Man
| 32
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1962
| {{wipe|Japan}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Schmerling Planche I.jpg|100px|Engis 2]]
| [[Biology:Engis 2|Engis 2]]
| 40±10<ref name="pnas"/><ref name="Bone & Stone">{{cite web|url=http://www.boneandstone.com/neandertal/neandertal_descriptions.html|title=Descriptions of Fossil Neandertals |first=fran|last=adams|website=www.boneandstone.com}}</ref>
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1829
| Belgium
| Philippe-Charles Schmerling
|
|-
| [[File:Neanderthal skull from Forbes' Quarry.jpg|100px|Gibraltar 1]]
| [[Biology:Gibraltar 1|Gibraltar 1]]
| 40±10<ref name="pnas"/>
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1848
| [[Place:Gibraltar|Gibraltar]]
| Captain Edmund Flint
|
|-
| [[File:Le Moustier 1 before being bombed.jpg|100px|Le Moustier 1]]
| [[Place:Le Moustier|Le Moustier]]
| 40±10
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''
| 1909
| {{wipe|France}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Denisova Molar.jpg|100px|Denisova molar]]
| Denisovan tooth
| 40±10
| ''[[History:Denisovan|Homo sp. Altai]]''
| 2000
| {{wipe|Russia}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Sunghir decorated head.jpg|100px]]
| Sungir I
| 30.25±0.25
| ''Homo Sapiens''
|
| {{wipe|Russia}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Cro-Magnon.jpg|100px|Cro-Magnon 1]]
| Cro-Magnon 1
| 30
| ''Homo sapiens'' (EEMH)
| 1868
| {{wipe|France}}
| Louis Lartet
|
<!--undated, unreferenced
|-
|
| NG 6
|
|
| 1931
| Indonesia
| C. ter Haar and GHR von Koenigswald
|
-->
|-
|[[File:Willandra Lakes Human 50 calvaria.png|frameless|100x100px]]
| WLH-50
| 29±5
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1982
| {{wipe|Australia}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Homo sapiens sapiens (2238258674).jpg|100px|Replica of Predmosti 3]]
| Predmost 3<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/predmosti3.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606184738/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/predmosti3.html|archive-date=2013-06-06|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 26
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''
| 1894
| [[Place:Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]
| Karel Jaroslav Maška
|
|-
| 
| Lapedo Child
| 24.5
| ''[[Biology:Neanderthal|Homo neanderthalensis]]''<br>or<br>''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''
| 1998
| Portugal
| João Zilhão
|
|-
|
| Mid-Upper Paleolithoic human humerus from Eel Point, Caldey Island, Wales, UK<ref name=pmid15857652>{{cite journal |vauthors=Schulting RJ, Trinkaus E, Higham T, Hedges R, Richards M, Cardy B |title=A Mid-Upper Palaeolithic human humerus from Eel Point, South Wales, UK |journal=Journal of Human Evolution |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=493–505 |date=May 2005  |pmid=15857652 |doi=10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.02.001}}</ref>
| 24
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1997
| Wales, UK
|
|
|-
|[[File:Mal'ta boy (MA-1) with tomb artifacts, Hermitage Museum, Saint-Petersburg.jpg|frameless|102x102px]]
| MA-1 (Mal'ta boy)
| 24
| ''Homo sapiens'' (ANE)
| 1920s
| {{wipe|Russia}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Abri Pataud - Protomagdalenian woman skull - 20090922.jpg|100px|]]
| Abri Pataud Woman
| 20.6
| ''Homo sapiens''
|
| {{wipe|France}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Fossil of Minatogawa Man.jpg|100px|Minatogawa 1. Replica at the Museum of Tokyo]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/minatogawa1.html|title=Modernhumanorigins.net|website=www.modernhumanorigins.net|access-date=2007-03-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816052454/http://www.modernhumanorigins.net/minatogawa1.html|archive-date=2013-08-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Minatogawa 1
| 17±1
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''
| 1970
| {{wipe|Japan}}
|
| Anthropology Museum, Tokyo University
|-
|
| Tandou<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Freedman |first1=L. |last2=Lofgren |first2=M |year=1983 |title=Human skeletal remains from Lake Tandou, New South Wales |journal=Archaeology in Oceania |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=98–105 |jstor=40386634 |doi=10.1002/arco.1983.18.2.98 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://austhrutime.com/lake_tandou_skull.htm |title=Lake Tandou Skull |publisher=Australia: The Land Where Time Began |access-date=2014-05-19}}</ref>
| 17
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''
| 1967
| {{wipe|Australia}}
| Duncan Merrilees
|
|-
| [[File:Skull of Gough's Cave.jpg|100px]]
| [[Earth:Gough's Cave|Gough's Cave]]<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.ubss.org.uk/resources/proceedings/vol17/UBSS_Proc_17_2_145-152.pdf |first=C. B. |last=Stringer |year=1985 |title=The hominid remains from Gough's Cave |journal=Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=145–52 |access-date=2011-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110233656/http://www.ubss.org.uk/resources/proceedings/vol17/UBSS_Proc_17_2_145-152.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-10 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Robin |last=McKie |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2010/jun/20/ice-age-cannibals-britain-earliest-settlers |title=Bones from a Cheddar Gorge cave show that cannibalism helped Britain's earliest settlers survive the ice age |work=The Observer |publisher=Guardian |date=June 20, 2010 |access-date=2012-10-15}}</ref>
| 14.7
| ''[[Biology:Human|Homo sapiens]]''
| 2010
| UK
|
|
|-
| [[File:Iwo Eleru.Journal.pone.0024024.g001-crop.jpg|100px|Iwo Eleru skull. Four views]]
| Iwo Eleru skull
| 13<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Natural History Museum, London| title = Mystery of a West African skull from 13,000 years ago | access-date = July 27, 2012 | url = http://www.nhm.ac.uk/about-us/news/2011/september/mystery-of-a-west-african-skull-from-13000-years-ago103799.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120802165239/http://www.nhm.ac.uk/about-us/news/2011/september/mystery-of-a-west-african-skull-from-13000-years-ago103799.html | archive-date = 2012-08-02 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1965
| Nigeria
|
|
|-
|
| "Kotias"<ref name=CHG>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/ncomms9912 | pmid=26567969 | bibcode=2015NatCo...6.8912J | pmc=4660371 | volume=6 | title=Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians | year=2015 | journal=Nat Commun | page=8912 | last1 = Jones | first1 = ER | last2 = Gonzalez-Fortes | first2 = G | last3 = Connell | first3 = S | last4 = Siska | first4 = V | last5 = Eriksson | first5 = A | last6 = Martiniano | first6 = R | last7 = McLaughlin | first7 = RL | last8 = Gallego Llorente | first8 = M | last9 = Cassidy | first9 = LM | last10 = Gamba | first10 = C | last11 = Meshveliani | first11 = T | last12 = Bar-Yosef | first12 = O | last13 = Müller | first13 = W | last14 = Belfer-Cohen | first14 = A | last15 = Matskevich | first15 = Z | last16 = Jakeli | first16 = N | last17 = Higham | first17 = TF | last18 = Currat | first18 = M | last19 = Lordkipanidze | first19 = D | last20 = Hofreiter | first20 = M | last21 = Manica | first21 = A | last22 = Pinhasi | first22 = R | last23 = Bradley | first23 = DG}} "We sequenced a Late Upper Palaeolithic ('Satsurblia’ from Satsurblia cave, 1.4-fold coverage) and a Mesolithic genome ('Kotias’ from Kotias Klde cave, 15.4-fold) from Western Georgia, at the very eastern boundary of Europe. We term these two individuals Caucasus hunter-gatherers (CHG)."</ref>
| 13
| ''Homo sapiens'' (CHG)
|
| Kotias Klde cave, Georgia
|
|
|-
|
| Arlington Springs Man
| 13<ref>{{cite web|publisher=National Park Service|title=Arlington Man|first=John|last=Johnson|access-date=December 25, 2014|url=http://www.nps.gov/chis/historyculture/arlington.htm}}</ref>
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1959
| {{wipe|United States}}
| Phil Orr
|
|-
| [[File:Moulage de crâne, Raymonden, Chancelade, Dordogne.jpg|100 px]]
| Chancelade find
| 14.5±2.5<ref>{{cite book|last1=Leroy-Gourhan|first1=Michel Brézillon; preface by André|title=Dictionnaire de la préhistoire|date=1969|publisher=Larousse|location=Paris|isbn=978-2-03-075437-5|edition=Ed. rev. & corr.}}</ref>
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1888
| {{wipe|France}}
|
|
|-
|[[File:Cranio del Cacciatore della Val Rosna.jpg|frameless|102x102px]]
| Villabruna 1
| 14
| ''Homo sapiens'' (WHG)
| 1988
| Italy
|
|
|-
|[[File:OBERCAS1.jpg|frameless|141x141px]]
|[[History:Bonn-Oberkassel double burial|Bonn-Oberkassel double burial]]<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last1=Neubauer |first1=Simon |last2=Hublin |first2=Jean-Jacques |last3=Gunz |first3=Philipp |date=2018 |title=The evolution of modern human brain shape |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=eaao5961 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aao5961 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=5783678 |pmid=29376123|bibcode=2018SciA....4.5961N }}</ref>
|14-13<ref name=":03"/>
|''Homo sapiens''
|1914<ref name=":13">{{Cite book |last=VERWORN |first=Max |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AqMRMwEACAAJ |title=Der Diluviale Menschenfund Von Obercassel Bei Bonn. Bearbeitet M. Verworn, R. Bonnet und G. Steinmann, Etc |date=1919 |language=de}}</ref>
|{{wipe|Germany}}
|
|
|-
| [[File:Laténium-crâne-bichon.jpg|100px|left]]
| Bichon man
| 13.7
| ''Homo sapiens'' (WHG)
| 1956
| Switzerland
|
|
|-
| [[File:Red Deer Cave people skull and reconstruction.png|100px|Red Deer cave skull|left]]
| Red Deer Cave
| 13±1.5
| ''Homo sapiens''
| 1979
| China
| Darren Curnoe?
|
|-
|
| PES-1<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lindal|first1=Joshua A.|last2=Radović|first2=Predrag|last3=Mihailović|first3=Dušan|last4=Roksandic|first4=Mirjana|date=2020-03-20|title=Postcranial hominin remains from the Late Pleistocene of Pešturina Cave (Serbia)|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040618220300616|journal=Quaternary International|language=en|volume=542|pages=9–14|doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2020.02.019|bibcode=2020QuInt.542....9L |s2cid=213503541|issn=1040-6182}}</ref>
| 31–29
| Uncertain, possibly ''Homo sapiens''
|
| Serbia
|
|
|-
|
| PES-2
| 38.9–92
| Uncertain, possibly ''Homo neanderthalensis''
|
| Serbia
|
|
|-
|}

==Holocene (11,500–5,000 years old){{anchor|Holocene}}==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
!
! Name
! Age ([[Astronomy:Kyr|ka]])
! Culture /<br />association<!--establish notability, cite archaeological culture or genetic lineage-->
! Year<br />discovered
! Country
|-
|-
| [[File:Lapa Vermelha IV Hominid 1-Homo Sapiens 11,500 Years Old.jpg|100 px]]
| Luzia
| 11.5<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/luzia.html|title=Who Was First? Untangling America's Prehistoric Roots|publisher=Discovery Communications Inc.|author=C. Smith|year=1999|access-date=July 2, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224150030/http://www.cabrillo.edu/~crsmith/luzia.html|archive-date=December 24, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| Paleo-Indian
| 1975
| Brazil
|-
|<ref>{{cite book |first1=Junius B. |last1=Bird |editor1-first=John |editor1-last=Hyslop |year=1988 |chapter=Four views of skull from skeleton 99.1/779 |page=214 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxLqTBkW42oC&pg=PA214 |title=Travels and Archaeology in South Chile |publisher=University of Iowa Press |isbn=978-1-58729-014-5}}</ref>
| Cerro Sota 2<ref>{{cite book | publisher = Cornell University|location= New York | title = Travels and Archeology in South Chile | access-date = August 21, 2013 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=RxLqTBkW42oC&q=%22Cerro+Sota%22+chile+skull&pg=PA214| isbn = 978-1587290145 | year= 1988 | last1 = Bird | first1 = Junius B. | last2 = Bird | first2 = Margaret }}</ref>
| 11
|
| 1936
| Chile
|-
|
| "Satsurblia"
| 10
| Caucasian Epipaleolithic (CHG)<ref name=CHG/>
|
| Georgia
|-
|[[File:Tchadanthropus uxoris front w.jpg|frameless|100x100px]]
|Yaho skull<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1966 |title=An Early Hominid From Chad |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/200776 |journal=Current Anthropology |language=en |volume=7 |issue=5 |pages=584–585 |doi=10.1086/200776 |s2cid=143549941 |issn=0011-3204}}</ref>
|10?
|
|1961
|Chad
|-
| [[File:Kow Swamp1-Homo sapiens.jpg|100px]]
| Kow Swamp 1
| 13–9
|
| 1968
| Australia
|-
| [[File:Talgai Skull front.jpg|100px|Talgai Skull]]
| Talgai Skull<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Allen |first1=Jim |title=The Curious History of the Talgai Skull |journal=Bulletin of the History of Archaeology |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=4 |issn=2047-6930 |doi=10.5334/bha.20202 |year=2010 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
| {{val|10|1}}
|
| 1886
| Australia
|-
| [[File:La Brea woman.jpg|100px]]
| La Brea Woman
| 10 (8000 BC)
| Paleo-Indian
| 1914
| United States
|-
| [[File:Homo sapiens Combe Capelle.jpg|100px]]
| Combe Capelle
| 9.6 (7600 BC)<ref>{{cite news |last=Seidler |first=Christoph |title=Forscher entzaubern Steinzeitmann |url=http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/mensch/0,1518,744424,00.html |work=Der Spiegel |access-date=2012-04-19 |date=9 February 2011 |language=de }}</ref>
| European Mesolithic
| 1909
| {{wipe|France}}
|-
|
| Asselar man
| Between 9500 BP and 7000 BP, with caution, 6390 BP<ref name="Vialet">{{cite web |last1=Vialet |first1=Amélie |last2=André |first2=Lucile |last3=Aoudia |first3=Louiza |title=The Fossil Man from Asselar (present-day Mali). Critical study, historical perspective and new interpretations |url=https%3A%2F%2Fcoek.info%2Fpdf-lhomme-fossile-dasselar-actuel-mali-etude-critique-mise-en-perspective-historiqu.html |website=Kundoc |publisher=Anthropology}}</ref>
| [[History:Neolithic|Neolithic]]
| 1927
| Mali
|-
| [[File:Cheddar Man scull.jpg|100px]]
| Cheddar Man
| 9 (7000 BC)
| British Mesolithic
| 1903
| UK
|-
|-
| 
| Kennewick Man
| 9 (7000 BC)
| [[History:Archaic period (North America)|Archaic period (North America)]]
| 1996
| {{wipe|United States}}
|-
|[[File:Bäckaskogskvinnan.jpg|100px]]
|Barum Woman
|8.8 (6800 BC)
|European Mesolithic
|1939
|Sweden
|-
| [[File:Tepexpan 1.Homo Sapiens 4,700 Years Old.jpg|100px]]
| Tepexpan man
| {{val|8|3}}
| Paleo-Indian
| 1947
| Mexico
|-
| [[File:Loschbur-Mann IMG 4779.jpg|100px]]
| Loschbour man<ref>The identification of the WHG component in modern populations is based on the analysis of the genome of a  Mesolithic hunter-gatherer buried c. 8000 years ago in the Loschbour rock shelter in Müllerthal, near Heffingen, Luxembourg. {{cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature13673 | bibcode=2014Natur.513..409L | volume=513 | title=Ancient human genomes suggest three ancestral populations for present-day Europeans | year=2014 | journal=Nature | pages=409–413 | last1 = Lazaridis | first1 = Iosif| issue=7518 | hdl=11336/30563 | hdl-access=free | pmid=25230663 | pmc=4170574 | arxiv=1312.6639 }}.</ref>
| 8 (6000 BC)
| European Mesolithic (WHG)
| 1935
| Luxembourg
|-
| [[File:Mnwomanskull.jpg|100px]]
| Minnesota Woman
| {{val|7.9|0.1}} (5900 BC)
| Paleo-Indian
| 1931
| Minnesota, United States
|-
|
| Lothagam 4b (Lo 4b)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Angel |first1=J.L. |last2=Phenice |first2=T.W. |last3=Robbins |first3=L.H. |last4=Lynch |first4=B.M. |year=1980 |title=Late stone age fishermen of Lothagam, Kenya |series=National Anthropological Archives, Sithsonian Institution, Part 3}}</ref>
| {{val|7.5|1.5}}<ref>Lo 4b is the best preserved skull out of a sample of 30 fully modern skeletons of the period 9–6 ka, found at Lothagam, West Turkana, Kenya, excavated between 1965 and 1975. Joseph F. Powell, ''The First Americans'' (2005),
[https://books.google.com/books?id=VpiKZJOhBq8C&pg=PA169  169].</ref>
|
| 1965–1975
| Kenya
|-
| [[File:Bessé’ cranium.png|100px]]
| Bessé’<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Carlhoff|first1=Selina|last2=Duli|first2=Akin|last3=Nägele|first3=Kathrin|last4=Nur|first4=Muhammad|last5=Skov|first5=Laurits|last6=Sumantri|first6=Iwan|last7=Oktaviana|first7=Adhi Agus|last8=Hakim|first8=Budianto|last9=Burhan|first9=Basran|last10=Syahdar|first10=Fardi Ali|last11=McGahan|first11=David P.|date=2021-08-26|title=Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=596|issue=7873|pages=543–547|doi=10.1038/s41586-021-03823-6|issn=0028-0836|pmc=8387238|pmid=34433944|bibcode=2021Natur.596..543C}}</ref>
| 7.3–7.2 
| Toalean
| 2015
| Sulawesi, Indonesia
|-
| [[File:Otzi-Quinson.jpg|100px]]
| [[Biography:Ötzi|Ötzi]]
| 5.3 (3230 BC)
| European Neolithic
| 1991
| Ötztal Alps, Italy
|}

{{clear}}

==Abbreviations used in fossil catalog name==
* AL{{spaced ndash}}Afar Locality, Ethiopia
* ARA-VP{{spaced ndash}}Aramis Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia
* BAR{{spaced ndash}}(Lukeino, Tugen Hills) Baringo District, Kenya
* BOU-VP{{spaced ndash}}Bouri Vertebrate Paleontology, Ethiopia
* D{{spaced ndash}}Dmanisi, Georgia
* ER{{spaced ndash}}East (Lake) Rudolf, Kenya
* KGA{{spaced ndash}}Konso-Gardula, Ethiopia
* KNM{{spaced ndash}}Kenya National Museum
* KP{{spaced ndash}}Kanapoi, Kenya
* LB{{spaced ndash}}Liang Bua, Indonesia
* LH{{spaced ndash}}Laetoli Hominid 4, Tanzania
* MH{{spaced ndash}}[[Earth:Malapa Fossil Site, Cradle of Humankind|Malapa]] Hominin, South Africa
* NG{{spaced ndash}}Ngandong, Indonesia
* OH{{spaced ndash}}Olduvai Hominid, Tanzania
* SK{{spaced ndash}}Swartkrans, South Africa
* Sts, Stw{{spaced ndash}}[[Earth:Sterkfontein|Sterkfontein]], South Africa
* TM{{spaced ndash}}Transvaal Museum, South Africa
* TM{{spaced ndash}}Toros-Menalla, Chad
* WT{{spaced ndash}}West (Lake) Turkana, Kenya

==See also==
{{col div|colwidth=40em}}
* Human timeline
* List of archaeological sites by continent and age
* List of first human settlements
* List of fossil primates
* [[Biology:List of fossil sites|List of fossil sites]]
* List of mummies
* [[Biology:List of transitional fossils|List of transitional fossils]]
* [[Biology:Timeline of human evolution|Timeline of human evolution]]
* [[History:Timeline of prehistory|Timeline of prehistory]]
{{colend}}

==Further reading==
{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* Gibbons, Ann.  ''The First Human: The Race to Discover our Earliest Ancestor''. Anchor Books (2007). {{ISBN|978-1-4000-7696-3}}
* {{Cite book |editor= Hartwig, Walter |title = The Primate Fossil Record |publisher = Cambridge University Press |isbn = 978-0-521-08141-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ezm1OA_s6isC&q=hartwig+primate |year= 2004|orig-year=2002|last1 = Hartwig |first1 = Walter Carl |bibcode = 2002prfr.book.....H }}.
* [[Biography:Donald Johanson|Johanson, Donald]] & Wong, Kate.  ''Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins''. Three Rivers Press (2009). {{ISBN|978-0-307-39640-2}}
* {{Cite book| year=1994 |editor=[[Biography:Steve Jones (biologist)|Jones, Steve]] |editor2=Martin, Robert D. |editor3=Pilbeam, David R | title=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human evolution | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-0-521-46786-5}} (Note: this book contains very useful, information dense chapters on primate evolution in general, and human evolution in particular, including fossil history).
* [[Biography:Richard Leakey|Leakey, Richard]] & Lewin, Roger.  ''Origins Reconsidered: In Search of What Makes us Human''. Little, Brown and Company (1992). {{ISBN|0-316-90298-5}}
* Lewin, Roger.  ''Bones of Contention: Controversies in the Search for Human Origins''. Penguin Books (1987). {{ISBN|0-14-022638-9}}
* Morwood, Mike & van Oosterzee, Penny.  ''A New Human: The Startling Discovery and Strange Story of the 'Hobbits' of Flores, Indonesia''. Smithsonian Books (2007). {{ISBN|978-0-06-089908-0}}
* Oppenheimer, Stephen.  ''Out of Eden: The Peopling of the World''. Constable (2003). {{ISBN|1-84119-697-5}}
* Roberts, Alice.  ''The Incredible Human Journey: The Story of how we Colonised the Planet''. Bloomsbury (2009). {{ISBN|978-0-7475-9839-8}}
* Shreeve, James.  ''The Neanderthal Enigma: Solving the Mystery of Modern Human Origins''. Viking (1996). {{ISBN|0-670-86638-5}}
* [[Biography:Chris Stringer|Stringer, Chris]].  ''The Origin of Our Species''. Allen Lane (2011). {{ISBN|978-1-84614-140-9}}
* [[Biography:Chris Stringer|Stringer, Chris]] & Andrews, Peter.  ''The Complete World of Human Evolution''. Thames & Hudson (2005). {{ISBN|0-500-05132-1}}
* [[Biography:Chris Stringer|Stringer, Chris]] & McKie, Robin.  ''African Exodus: The Origins of Modern Humanity''. Jonathan Cape (1996). {{ISBN|0-224-03771-4}}
* van Oosterzee, Penny.  ''The Story of Peking Man''. Allen & Unwin (1999). {{ISBN|1-86508-632-0}}
* [[Biography:Alan Walker (anthropologist)|Walker, Allan]] & Shipman, Pat.  ''The Wisdom of the Bones: In Search of Human Origins''. Weidenfeld & Nicolson (1996). {{ISBN|0-297-81670-5}}
* Wade, Nicholas.  ''Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of our Ancestors''. Penguin Press (2006). {{ISBN|978-0-7156-3658-9}}
* {{Cite book|year=1985 |author=Weiss, M.L. |author2=Mann, A.E. |title= 'Human Biology and Behaviour: An anthropological perspective |edition=4th |place= Boston |publisher= Little Brown |isbn=978-0-673-39013-4}} (Note: this book contains very accessible descriptions of human and non-human primates, their evolution, and fossil history).
* {{cite book | isbn = 978-0-8129-7146-0 | title = The Journey of Man : A Genetic Odyssey | last1 = Wells | first1 = Spencer | year = 2004 | publisher = Random House Trade Paperbacks | location = New York  }}
{{colend}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |author=Tattersall, Ian |author2=Schwartz, Jeffery | title=Extinct Humans | publisher=Westview Press|location= Boulder CO | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-8133-3482-0 | url=https://archive.org/details/extincthumans00tatt }}
* {{cite book |author=Larsen, Clark Spencer |author2=Matter, Robert M |author3=Gebo, Daniel L|title=Human Origins: the fossil record|publisher=Waveland Press, Prospect Heights, IL|year=1991|isbn=978-0-88133-575-0|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/humanoriginsfoss0000lars}}
* {{cite web | title=Smithsonian Human Origins Program| url=http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ | access-date=2006-08-29}}
* {{cite web|title=Prominent Hominid Fossils|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/specimen.html|access-date=2006-08-31}}
* {{cite journal | doi = 10.1006/jhev.1996.0019 | last1 = Grine | first1 = F.E. | last2 = Jungers | first2 = W.L. | last3 = Schultz | first3 = J. | year = 1996 | title = Phenetic Affinities Among Early Homo Crania from East and South Africa | journal = Journal of Human Evolution | volume = 30 | issue = 3| pages = 189–225 }}

==External links==
* [http://www.edutube.org/interactive/human-evolution-primate-fossil-finds-around-world-interactive-map Interactive map of primate fossil finds around the world] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222111002/http://www.edutube.org/interactive/human-evolution-primate-fossil-finds-around-world-interactive-map |date=2012-02-22 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111216082405/http://homepage.mac.com/wis/Personal/lectures/evolutionary-anatomy/Australopithecines.pdf Informative lecture on ''Australopithecines'']
* [http://atlasofhumanevolution.com/HomoSapiens.asp The Age of Homo sapiens] – Interactive Map of Human Evolution Fossils
* [http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-evolution-timeline-interactive Human Timeline (Interactive)] – Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural History (August 2016).
{{Human evolution}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Human Evolution Fossils}}
[[Category:Human evolution| Fossils]]

{{Sourceattribution|List of human evolution fossils}}