View source for Biology:Lycodinae

{{Short description|Subfamily of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Lycodes vahlii.jpg
| image_caption = ''Lycodes vahlii''
| taxon = Lycodinae
| display_parents = 3
| authority = Gill, 1861<ref name = VDLEF>{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp | year = 2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268078514 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue = 2 | pages = 001–230 | doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 | pmid = 25543675 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = See text
| subdivision_ref = <ref>{{cite WoRMS |title=Lycodinae |id=267127 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref>
}}

'''Lycodinae''' is a subfamily of marine [[Biology:Ray-finned fish|ray-finned fish]] belonging to the family Zoarcidae, the eelpouts. These eelpouts are found are in all the world's oceans, with a number of species being found off southern South America.

==Taxonomy==
Lycodinae was first proposed as a taxonomic grouping in 1861 by the American zoologist Theodore Gill.<ref name = VDLEF/> The subfamily is classified within the eelpout family, Zoarcidae part of the suborder [[Biology:Zoarcoidei|Zoarcoidei]] within the order [[Biology:Scorpaeniformes|Scorpaeniformes]].<ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book  |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=J. S. Nelson |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages= 478–482 |publisher=Wiley |ISBN= 978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ }}</ref> The name of the subfamily derives from its [[Biology:Type genus|type genus]], ''Lycodes'', which means "wolf-like" and refers to the then presumed close relationship of that taxon to the wolffish.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = http://etyfish.org/perciformes14/ | title = Order Perciformes Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Family: Zoarcidae | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 6 May 2022 | access-date = 13 October 2022 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>

==Genera==
Lycodinae contains the following genera:<ref name = A&F2004>{{cite journal | author1 = Anderson , M. E. | author2 = V. V . Fedorov | name-list-style = and | year = 2004 | title = Family Zoarcidae Swainson 1839 — eelpouts | journal =  California Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes | volume = 34 | url = https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/assets/docs/zoarcidae.pdf}}</ref><ref name=CofF>{{Cof family|family=Lycodinae|access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref>
{{Linked genus list
| Aiakas | Gosztonyi, 1977
| Argentinolycus | Matallanas & Corbella, 2012
| Austrolycus | Regan, 1913
| Bellingshausenia | Matallanas, 2009
| Bentartia | Matallanas, 2010
| Bothrocara | Bean, 1890
| Bothrocarina | Suvorov, 1935
| Crossostomus | Lahille, 1908
| Dadyanos | Whitley, 1951
| Derepodichthys | Gilbert, 1896
| Dieidolycus | Anderson, 1988
| Eucryphycus | Anderson, 1988
| Exechodontes | DeWitt, 1977
| Gosztonyia | Matallanas, 2009
| Hadropogonichthys | Fedorov, 1982
| Iluocoetes | Jenyns, 1842
| Japonolycodes | Shinohara, Sakurai & Machida, 2002
| Letholycus | Anderson, 1988
| Leucogrammolycus | Mincarone & Anderson, 2008
| Lycenchelys | Gill, 1884
| Lycodapus | Gilbert, 1890
| Lycodes | Reinhardt, 1831
| Lycodichthys | Pappenheim, 1911
| Lycodonus | [[Biography:George Brown Goode|Goode]] & Bean, 1883
| Lycogrammoides | Soldatov & Lindberg, 1928
| Lyconema | Gilbert, 1896
| Maynea | [[Biography:Robert Oliver Cunningham|Cunningham]], 1871
| Notolycodes | Gosztonyi, 1977
| Oidiphorus | McAllister & Rees, 1964
| Ophthalmolycus | Regan, 1913
| Pachycara | Zugmayer, 1911
| Patagolycus | Matallanas & Corbella, 2012
| Phucocoetes | Jenyns, 1842
| Piedrabuenia | Gosztonyi, 1977
| Plesienchelys | Anderson, 1988
| Pogonolycus | Norman, 1937
| Pyrolycus | Machida & Hashimoto, 2002
| Santelmoa | Matallanas, 2010
| Taranetzella | Andriashev, 1952
| Thermarces | Rosenblatt & Cohen, 1986
}}

==Characteristics==
Lycodinae eelpouts have elongate heads and bodies, they have between 58 and 144 vertebrae. The [[Biology:Glossary of ichthyology|branchiostegal]] membranes are typically attached to the isthmus, although not in ''Lycodapus''. Most have a wide bill slit but in some species it is more restricted. They do not usually possess a pore between the eyes. There are between 4 and 9 suborbital bones, typically, from 6 to 8, and these create an L-shaped pattern around the eyes. There are between 6 and 12 fin rays in the caudal fin. They have no spines in their fins, although in a few species there are [[Biology:Pelvic fin|pelvic fin]] rays which are fused into a pelvic splint.<ref name = A&F2004/> The largest species is ''Lycodes soldatovi'' which has a maximum published fork length of {{cvt|91|cm}}.<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus= Lycodes|month=June|year=2022}}</ref>

==Distribution==
Lycodinae eelpouts are found throughout the world with a notable radiation in the [[Earth:Littoral zone|littoral]] to upper continental slope off southern South America.<ref name = A&F2004/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1878558}}

[[Category:Zoarcidae]]
[[Category:Ray-finned fish subfamilies]]

{{Sourceattribution|Lycodinae}}