View source for Biology:NeuroNames

{{Short description|Nomenclature for structures in the brain and spinal cord}}
{{infobox biodatabase
|title = NeuroNames
|logo = [[File:BrainInfo Screen shot 2014-02-01.png|300px]]
|description = Comprehensive Hierarchical Nomenclature for Structures of the Primate Brain (human and macaque)
|scope = [[Biology:Neuroanatomy|Neuroanatomy]]
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|url = {{URL|http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/}}
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|license =[[File:CC-BY icon.svg|70px]]<br />Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License
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'''''NeuroNames''''' is an integrated nomenclature for structures in the [[Biology:Brain|brain]] and [[Biology:Spinal cord|spinal cord]] of the four species most studied by neuroscientists: [[Biology:Human|human]], [[Biology:Macaque|macaque]], [[Biology:Rat|rat]] and [[Biology:Mouse|mouse]]. It offers a standard, [[Controlled vocabulary|controlled vocabulary]] of common names for structures, which is suitable for unambiguous neuroanatomical indexing of information in digital databases. Terms in the standard vocabulary have been selected for ease of pronunciation, mnemonic value, and frequency of use in recent neuroscientific publications. Structures and their relations to each other are defined in terms of the standard vocabulary. Currently NeuroNames contains standard names, synonyms and definitions of some 2,500 neuroanatomical entities.
 
The nomenclature is maintained by the [[Organization:University of Washington|University of Washington]] and is the core component of a tool called "BrainInfo". BrainInfo helps one identify structures in the brain. One can either search by a structure name or locate the structure in a [[Biology:Brain atlas|brain atlas]] and get information such as its location in the classical brain hierarchy, images of the structure, what cells it has, its connections and genes expressed there. Information can be accessed by any of some 16,000 synonyms in eight languages.

NeuroNames is a source vocabulary of the Metathesaurus of the [[Medicine:Unified Medical Language System|Unified Medical Language System]]. It is described in depth in the following three scientific articles:

* {{Cite journal
 |author1=D. M. Bowden  |author2=R. F. Martin
  |name-list-style=amp | title = NeuroNames Brain Hierarchy
 | journal = NeuroImage
 |date=March 1995
 | volume = 2
 | issue = 1
 | pages = 63&ndash;83
 | pmid = 9410576
 | doi = 10.1006/nimg.1995.1009
|s2cid=24847350
 }}
* {{Cite journal
 |author1=D. M. Bowden  |author2=M. F. Dubach
  |name-list-style=amp | title = NeuroNames 2002
 | journal = Neuroinformatics
 | year = 2003 
 | volume = 1
 | issue = 1
 | pages = 43&ndash;59
 | pmid = 15055392
 | doi = 10.1385/NI:1:1:043
|s2cid=12575028
 }}
* {{Cite journal
 |author1=D. M. Bowden |author2=E. Song |author3=J. Kosheleva |author4=M. F. Dubach | title = NeuroNames: An Ontology for the BrainInfo Portal to Neuroscience on the Web
 | journal = Neuroinformatics
 | year = 2011 
 | volume = 10 | issue = 1
 | pages = 97&ndash;114
 | pmid = 21789500
 | doi = 10.1007/s12021-011-9128-8
 | pmc=3247656
}}

==See also==
* [[Biology:NeuroLex|NeuroLex]]
* [[Biology:Neuroscience Information Framework|Neuroscience Information Framework]]
* [[Talairach coordinates]]

==External links==
{{Wikidata property|P4394}}
* [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/aboutBrainInfo.aspx#NeuroNames Overview of NeuroNames]
* [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/ BrainInfo]
* [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/Nnont.aspx NeuroNames Direct Link]


[[Category:Neuroanatomy]]
[[Category:Anatomical terminology]]
[[Category:Biological databases]]



{{Sourceattribution|NeuroNames}}