View source for Biology:Palmengarten

{{Short description|Botanical garden in Germany}}
{{Infobox park
| name = Palmengarten
| native_name = Palmengarten
| native_name_lang = deu
| photo = Eingang_Palmengarten_Frankfurt.JPG
| photo_caption = Main entrance at Siesmayerstraße
| location = Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany
<!--| map_image = FFM Palmengarten-Karte 1887.jpg
| map_caption = Detail of a town map created in 1887-->
| coords = {{coord|50|7|25|N|8|39|20|E|type:landmark_region:DE|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| mapframe-zoom = 14
| area = {{convert|22|ha|abbr=on}}
| opened = {{start date|1871|03|16}}
| founder = Siesmayers Actiengesellschaft
| designer = Heinrich Siesmayer
| etymology = German word for ″palm garden″
| owner = Frankfurt
| visitation_num = 596,934
| visitation_year = 2015
| visitation_ref =<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/08_Kultur_Freizeit_Jahr2015.pdf |title=statistik.aktuell. Besuch der Frankfurter Kultur- und Freizeiteinrichtungen im Jahr 2015 |language=German |access-date=28 May 2016 |archive-date=15 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615083006/http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/media.php/678/08_Kultur_Freizeit_Jahr2015.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| open = February–October: 9 am–6 pm<br />November–January: 9 am–4 pm
| status = open
| plants = 
| species = 
| collections = 
| parking = underground car park
| publictransit = {{ubl|{{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U4|size=x12}} {{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U6|size=x12}} {{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U7|size=x12}} Bockenheimer Warte |{{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U6|size=x12}} {{ric|Frankfurt U-Bahn|U7|size=x12}} Westend | {{rint|Frankfurt|Tram|size=16}} 16 Bockenheimer Warte | {{rint|Frankfurt|Bus|size=16}} 36, 50, 75 Palmengartenstraße, | {{rint|Frankfurt|Bus|size=16}} 75 Siesmayerstraße, | {{rint|Frankfurt|Bus|size=16}} 32, 36, 50, N1 Bockenheimer Warte}}
| website = {{URL|1=http://www.palmengarten.de/#/en_GB/index/index|2=www.palmengarten.de}}
}}
[[File:Übersichtsplan Palmengarten Frankfurt a.M.@20170820.jpg|thumb|Plan]]
The '''Palmengarten''' is one of three botanical gardens in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is located in the Westend-Süd district. It covers a surface of 22 hectares. It is a major tourist attraction.<ref>[https://www.gardenvisit.com/gardens/palmengarten Palmengarten, Frankfurt am Main] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316110339/https://www.gardenvisit.com/gardens/palmengarten |date=16 March 2023 }} Nightingale Garden Company Limited.</ref>

== History ==
Like many public sites in Frankfurt, it was privately financed and implemented by the architect {{ill|Heinrich Siesmayer|de}}.  Work was completed in 1871 and opened to the public.<ref> Marc Di Duca, et al. ''Lonely Planet Germany'' [https://books.google.com/books?id=wAyLDwAAQBAJ&dq=1871++Palmengarten&pg=PT1023 PalmenGarten] Lonely Planet, 1582 pages 2019, {{ISBN|978-1-78868-529-0}}</ref> One colorful visit was from the American entertainer Buffalo Bill who brought his Western show in 1890.
<gallery mode=packed heights=300px>
FFM Palmengarten-Karte 1887.jpg|Map 1887
</gallery>
<gallery mode=packed heights=180px>
Palmengarten1.jpg|Frankfurt Palm Garden in {{ca}} 1890–1900
Palmengarten-Gesellschaft 1898.jpg|Bond of the Palmengarten-Gesellschaft, issued 1 July 1898
</gallery>
In 1931, it was taken over by the city of Frankfurt but was later transferred to the American occupation authorities after [[Social:World War II|World War II]].  When the Palmengarten was returned to the city's hands in the sixties, a major reconstruction effort was begun. Halls destroyed in the war were redeveloped and expanded. In 1992 the reconstruction finished completely and the Palmengarten shined in its new form.

Directly next to the area of the Palmengarten is the Frankfurt Botanical Garden, which formerly belonged to the biology department of Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt and is now administered by the Palmengarten.

== Collection ==
The botanical exhibits are organized according to their origin in free-air or climatized greenhouses, which also contain numerous tropical and subtropical plants.<ref name="FRANKFURT.DE g760">{{cite web | title=Der Palmengarten | website=FRANKFURT.DE – DAS OFFIZIELLE STADTPORTAL | url=https://frankfurt.de/service-und-rathaus/verwaltung/aemter-und-institutionen/palmengarten/der-palmengarten | language=de | access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref>
At the entry to the garden half of the original social building of 1905, which was rebuilt again, currently serves as the main entrance to the Palmengarten. To the right and left of the entrance we find exhibition rooms and teaching rooms. On the first floor in the south wing are some carnivorous plants, in the north wing are some American pineapple plants, which are grown indoors. The visitor is "in situ", information points on the ecology and geography of everything on display.

===The Rose garden===
Once the entrance building is left behind, we find the "Rosaleda", with a characteristic geometric style of plant distribution. A pergola gives the formal touch of rose garden, with its paths and its flower beds carefully cared for. The ''Rosenbrunn'' house is located in the middle, built in the early garden style of 1884, it had been part of the office buildings. Themed gardens (for example: with scent roses or the so-called "classic roses") delimit the rose garden to the north and south.<ref name="Botanischer Garten 2023 n820">{{cite web | title=Haus Rosenbrunn im Rosengarten | website=Botanischer Garten | date=2023-11-05 | url=https://www.botanischer-garten.org/haus-rosenbrunn-im-rosengarten/ | language=de | access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref>

===Palmenhaus===
[[File: Gewaechshaus palmengarten frankfurt.jpg|thumb | Greenhouse in the Palmengarten.]]
This is the main core of the original Palmengarten, it was built in 1869 and is one of the largest buildings of its kind found in Europe. Along with a large number of subtropical palm trees, and covering the lower part of the forest canopy are tree ferns, plants with long and tender stems, and broad-leaved plants, which together produce an image of great subtropical exuberance. There is also a stream that cascades down from the high back of the hill-shaped structure. In a grotto-like passageway under the hill, it is shown in aquariums, a colorful tropical underwater world.<ref name="Palmengarten Frankfurt y479">{{cite web | title=Palmengarten Frankfurt: Schauhäuser | website=Palmengarten Frankfurt | url=https://www.palmengarten.de/de/schauhaeuser.html | language=de | access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref>

===Rhododendrongarten===
In the western part of the gardens and bordering the lake located there, the '' Rhododendrongarten '' ('Garden of [[Biology:Rhododendron|Rhododendron]]s') was created in 1989. Here a large variety of hybrids of species from eastern Asia and North America were planted side by side. These plants need a soil rich in humus and very [[Chemistry:Acid|acid]] for their development. This area is a spectacle of color in late May and early June when they bloom.<ref name="fnp.de 2018 o517">{{cite web | title=Blütenpracht im Palmengarten | website=fnp.de | date=15 November 2018 | url=https://www.fnp.de/frankfurt/bluetenpracht-palmengarten-10586911.html | language=de | access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref>

===The rockery===
[[File: Anemone altaica RB.jpg|thumb | Anemone altaica, in the rockery.]]
It is located at the highest point of the garden, a rocky hill with an imposing waterfall, from here you get one of the best views. The rockery (''Der Steingarten'', or ''Garden among the stones''), is located on the flanks of the rocky hill, and it was completely renovated in the 80s. With acidic soils and Alkaline in small gaps between the rocks are these plants from all the mountainous regions of the planet.

===Heather garden===
Where the rockery ends, in the east, the heather garden begins with its attractive color in the blooms of late summer. Also appealing is the gradation of shades of green presented by the rest of the year, this collection of wild and crossed species of the genera [[Biology:Erica (plant)|Erica]] and [[Biology:Calluna|Calluna]].

===Bush garden===
[[File: Frankfurt Palmengarten Herbst 2005b.jpg|thumb | The Palmengarten in the fall.]]
It is located in the northern part of the garden. This part of the garden has puddled areas, with abundant water and a stream accompanies along the main path of the walk. Here the plants grow grouped in bushes along the stream. Plants are found as green herbs, where the brushstrokes of color are provided by [[Biology:Asteraceae|Asteraceae]].

===The flower house===
An enclave worth visiting in the garden is the "Flower House". The house has about 200 m² and is divided into hot and cold zones. Here the visitor can find flowering plants at any time of the year. Here the plants are periodically renewed.

===The alpine house===
This is the house '' Leonhardsbrunn '' flanked on both sides by striking greenhouse towers, it was rebuilt according to old plans. Here the plants are shown with the provenance and the expedition in which they were collected. In the western tower we find [[Biology:Citrus|citrus]], the eastern tower is dedicated to plants from the island of Tasmania. Plants from the Southern Hemisphere are grown in the central structure.

===Steppe meadow===
In the western part of the '' Tropicarium '' in a flat and drier area than in other parts of the garden, there is a collection of plants that develop in full sun. They are plants from the [[Earth:Steppe|steppe]] estuary regions of [[Earth:Eurasia|Eurasia]] and the America s. In the middle of the garden is a glade. Here you will find a selection of forage grasses and among them meadow flowers develop, just as they can be found in any meadow in a field that has been left uncultivated.

===The subantarctic house===
These facilities were inaugurated in 1992, bringing together plants from the cold regions of the southern half of the globe. The characteristics of the vegetation are forest, shrub, and swamp areas. The red sandstone dominates on the left, where the plants of [[Place:Patagonia|Patagonia]], the [[Earth:Tierra del Fuego|Tierra del Fuego]] archipelago and the Falkland Islands are located, being delimited by a small swampy area. On the right side with a firm gray, are plants from New Zealand and neighboring islands.
  
===The Tropicarium===
[[File:Tropicarium - Palmengarten Frankfurt - DSC01889.JPG|thumb|Tropicarium]]
[[File:Palmengarten-frankfurt-2005-wuestenhaus1.jpg|thumb|Desert house]]
The plants of the ''Tropicarium'' are not shown according to their continents or countries, but are grouped according to their [[Earth:Biotope|biotope]]. What is attempted is to show the variety and richness of the tropical zone. The northern greenhouse "humid tropics" ({{lang|de|Nordstern}}) includes plants of mountain rainforests, cloud forests and evergreen lowland rainforests.<ref name="FR s462">{{cite web | last=Stillbauer | first=Thomas | title=Tropicarium im Palmengarten vor teilweiser Wiedereröffnung | website=Frankfurter Rundschau | date=22 February 2019  | url=https://www.fr.de/frankfurt/disconebel-tropen-11789348.html | language=de | access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="FR g462">{{cite web | last=Stillbauer | first=Thomas | title=Mehr Tropen fürs Geld | website=Frankfurter Rundschau | date=17 August 2020  | url=https://www.fr.de/frankfurt/mehr-tropen-fuers-geld-in-frankfurt-90025281.html | language=de | access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref> The southern greenhouse "arid tropical regions" ({{lang|de|Südstern}}) contains plants from semi-arid zones, [[Earth:Savanna|savanna]], and [[Earth:Fog desert|foggy desert]].<ref>{{cite news | last=Harting | first=Mechthild | title=Palmengarten ist der erste Teil des Tropicariums saniert | website=[[Social:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|FAZ]] | date=23 February 2019 | url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/palmengarten-ist-der-erste-teil-des-tropicariums-saniert-16054152.html | language=de | access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref> The ''Tropicarium'' includes a total of 14 glass houses.<ref name="Journal Frankfurt l058">{{cite web | title=Sanierung im Palmengarten genehmigt | website=Journal Frankfurt | url=https://www.journal-frankfurt.de/journal_news/Panorama-2/Tropicarium-wird-erneuert-Sanierung-im-Palmengarten-genehmigt-28245.html | language=de | access-date=2023-12-12}}</ref><ref name="FNP s462">{{cite web | last=Remlein | first=Thomas | title=Tropicarium im Palmengarten: Investion in die Bananen-Ernte | website=FNP | date=6 November 2018 | url=https://www.fnp.de/frankfurt/tropicarium-palmengarten-investion-bananen-ernte-10513307.html | language=de | access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref>

===Cactus garden===
This area deserves a special mention. Shown during the warm months from May through September, it is a collection of [[Biology:Succulent plant|succulent plant]]s that withstand harsh winters. They come from America, Africa and from the Canary Islands. In between these plants a large variety of [[Biology:Fuchsia|fuchsia]]s are displayed at the same time.

[[File: Frankfurt Palmengarten Musiktheater Papageno 2005.jpg|thumb | The Papageno Theater in the Palmengarten.]]

==See also==
* Botanischer Garten der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
* Nizza, Frankfurt
* List of botanical gardens in Germany

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book | last1=Nürnberger | first1=Sven | last2=Steinecke | first2=Hilke | last3=Cole | first3=C. H. Theodor | title=Palmengarten Frankfurt am Main | publisher=Ulmer | publication-place=Stuttgart (Hohenheim) | date=2019-04-11 | isbn=978-3-8186-0690-9 | language=de}}
* {{cite book | last=Börchers | first=Sabine | title=Wo Frankfurts Bürger feiern | publisher=Societäts Verlag | publication-place=Frankfurt am Main | date=2012 | isbn=978-3-942921-83-1 | language=de}}
* {{cite book | last=Schoser | first=Gustav | title=Palmengarten Frankfurt: eine Welt der Pflanzen = a world of plants | publisher=Freunde des Palmengartens, Palmengarten-Gesellschaft | publication-place=Frankfurt am Main | date=1995 | isbn=3-00-000417-3 | language=de}}

==External links==
* {{official|https://www.palmengarten.de/en/index.html}} {{in lang|en|de}}


[[Category:Cactus gardens]]

{{Sourceattribution|Palmengarten}}