View source for Biology:Phalcoboenus

{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Phalcoboenus megalopterus near Macchu Picchu.jpg
| image_caption = [[Biology:Mountain caracara|Mountain caracara]] (''Phalcoboenus megalopterus'')
| taxon = Phalcoboenus
| authority = d'Orbigny, 1834
| type_species = ''[[Biology:Mountain caracara|Phalcoboenus montanus]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=35 |title= Falconidae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-07-25}}</ref>
| type_species_authority = d'Orbigny, 1834
| display_parents = 3
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 
''[[Biology:Carunculated caracara|Phalcoboenus carunculatus]]''<br />
''[[Biology:Mountain caracara|Phalcoboenus megalopterus]]''<br />
''[[Biology:White-throated caracara|Phalcoboenus albogularis]]''<br />
''[[Biology:Striated caracara|Phalcoboenus australis]]''<br />
''Phalcoboenus napieri'' †
| synonyms = ''Phalcobaenus'' d'Orbigny, 1835<ref name="Rees 2011a">{{cite web |last1=Rees |first1=Tony |title=Phalcobaenus d'Orbigny, 1835 |url=https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1149748 |website=Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |access-date=28 October 2023 |date=2011}}</ref> <br />
''Phalcobenus'' Geoffroy, 1836  <br />
''Falcobaenus'' Lafresnaye, 1839
''Falcoboenus'' Giebel, 1874  <br />
''Oronertus'' Heine & Reichenow, 1890<ref name="Heine 1890">{{cite book |last1=Heine |first1=Ferdinand |last2=Reichenow |first2=Anton |title=Nomenclator Musei Heineani Ornithologici (Nomencl. Mus. Hein.): Verzeichniss der Vogel-Sammlung des Kgl. Oberamtmanns Ferdinand Heine auf Klostergut St. Burchard vor Halberstadt |date=1890 |publisher=R. Friedländer & Sohn |location=Berlin |quote=Genus ''Oronertus'' Heine (!) [''Phalcobaenus'' Lafr. 1837]. / 1. ''megalopterus'' (Meyen) …}} [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/104091#page/284/mode/1up Page 272]. Heine senior's collection contained three specimens of ''O./P. megalopterus'' from Patagonia and Bolivia, ''carunculatus'' is not catalogued. They list ''Ichthyoborus, Alectromorphuus (Buteogallus), Heterospizias, Hypomorphuus, Erythrocnema, Milvago, Polyborus, Daptrius,'' and ''Ibycter'' as sister genera under subfamily Polyborinae.</ref><br />
''Phascobaenus'' Jardine & Selby, 1838   <br />
''Phalocoboenus'' Fraser, 1843  <br />
''Phacobaenus'' Bonaparte, 1850
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="Rees 2011b">{{cite web |last1=Rees |first1=Tony |title=Phalcoboenus d'Orbigny, 1834 |url=https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1149748 |website=Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |access-date=28 October 2023 |date=2011}}</ref>
}}

'''''Phalcoboenus''''' is a small [[Biology:Genus|genus]] of [[Biology:Caracara (subfamily)|caracara]] in the family [[Biology:Falconidae|Falconidae]]. They are found in barren, open [[Earth:Habitat|habitat]]s in the [[Place:Andes|Andes]], [[Place:Patagonia|Patagonia]] and the Falkland Islands. The four species are almost entirely allopatric. The adults are distinctive, with bare yellow, orange or red facial skin and [[Biology:Cere|cere]], and a black [[Biology:Plumage|plumage]] with variable amounts of white. [[Biology:Juvenile (organism)|Juveniles]] are overall brown with pale pinkish-grey facial skin and cere. They are highly opportunistic and typically seen walking on the ground, where they will feed on [[Earth:Carrion|carrion]] and virtually any small animal they can catch.

The name is derived from Greek: {{lang|el|φάλκων}} '{{transliteration|el|phálcōn}}' (hawk, falcon) and {{lang|el|βαίνω}} '{{transliteration|el|baínō}}' (I go, I walk).<ref name="dOrbigny 1835">{{cite book |last1=d'Orbigny |first1=Alcide Dessalines |title=Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale … tome 4 part 3, Oiseaux |date=1835 |page=50 |chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/148087#page/66/mode/1up |language=fr |chapter=Genré Phalcobène, ''Phalcobænis'', Nob. |quote=De ''φάλκων'', faucon, et de ''βαίνω'', je marche : ''Faucon marcheur''.}}</ref> The original lithograph print produced for Alcide d'Orbigny is captioned "Phalcobœnus montanus" with an o-e ligature,<ref name="dOrbigny 1847 plate 2">E. Traviés (pinx't), François (sculp.), Levrault (editeur), [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/50740#page/55/mode/1up "Phalcobœnus montanus, P. … junior, et l'œufs de Polyborus chimango"] in {{cite book |last1=d'Orbigny |first1=Alcide Dessalines |title=Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale … tome 9, Atlas, Zoologie |date=1847 |at=Oiseaux pl. 2 |language=fr}}</ref> but his later text has "Phalcobænus montanus" with a-e ligature in "Phalcobaenus".<ref name="dOrbigny 1835" />

==Species==
There are four extant and one extinct species.

The extant species are:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Image !! Scientific name !! Common Name !! Distribution
|-
|[[File:Carunculated Caracara JCB.jpg|120px]] || ''Phalcoboenus carunculatus''|| [[Biology:Carunculated caracara|Carunculated caracara]] ||  Ecuador and Colombia. 
|-
|[[File:Phalcoboenus megalopterus in Cordillera Real, Bolivia 03.jpg|120px]] || ''Phalcoboenus megalopterus''|| [[Biology:Mountain caracara|Mountain caracara]]|| Bolivia, Chile, Peru and Argentina
|-
|[[File:White-throated Caracara (Phalcoboenus albogularis) (15772940998).jpg|120px]] ||  ''Phalcoboenus albogularis''|| [[Biology:White-throated caracara|White-throated caracara]] || southern Chile and Argentina
|-
|[[File:Striated Caracara on Saunders Island (5551648335).jpg|120px]] || ''Phalcoboenus australis''|| [[Biology:Striated caracara|Striated caracara]] ||  Tierra del Fuego, but is more abundant in the Falklands
|-
|}

The extinct species is ''Phalcoboenus napieri'' which is known from subfossil remains unearthed in peat deposits from the Falkland Islands, described in 2016 and named for Roddy Napier, the owner of West Point Island in the Falklands.<ref>Mark P. Adams; Robin W. Woods (2016). "Mid-Holocene Falkland Islands bird bones from a peat deposit, including a new species of caracara". Emu. {{doi|10.1071/MU15129.}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Jaramillo, Alvaro, Burke, Peter, & Beadle, David (2003). ''Birds of Chile.'' Christopher Helm, London. {{ISBN|0-7136-4688-8}}.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q746412}}

[[Category:Phalcoboenus| ]]



{{Sourceattribution|Phalcoboenus}}