View source for Biology:Sibbaldiopsis

{{Italic title}}
{{taxobox
|image              = Sibbaldia retusa.jpg
|regnum             = [[Biology:Plant|Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio   = [[Biology:Angiosperms|Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis   = [[Biology:Eudicots|Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo      = [[Biology:Rosids|Rosids]]
|ordo               = [[Biology:Rosales|Rosales]]
|familia            = [[Biology:Rosaceae|Rosaceae]]
|subfamilia         = [[Biology:Rosoideae|Rosoideae]]
|genus              = '''''Sibbaldiopsis'''''
|genus_authority    = Rydb.
|species            = '''''S. tridentata'''''
|binomial           = ''Sibbaldiopsis tridentata''
|binomial_authority = (Aiton) Rydb.
|synonyms           = ''Potentilla tridentata'' <small>Aiton</small><br>''Sibbaldia tridentata'' <small>(Aiton) Paule & Soják</small>
}}

'''''Sibbaldiopsis''''' is a genus in the plant family [[Biology:Rosaceae|Rosaceae]]. This genus only contains a single species: '''''Sibbaldiopsis tridentata''''', formerly ''[[Biology:Potentilla|Potentilla]] tridentata''. Commonly, its names include '''three-toothed cinquefoil''',<ref name="illinoiswildflowers.info">{{Illinois Wildflowers|prairie/plantx/tth_cinquefoil|Three-Toothed Cinquefoil (Sibbaldiopsis tridentata)}}</ref> '''shrubby fivefingers''',{{sfn|USDA|2007}} and '''wineleaf'''.<ref name="minnesotawildflowers.info">{{Minnesota Wildflowers|shrub/three-toothed-cinquefoil|Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (Three-toothed Cinquefoil)}}</ref> Systemic phylogenetic work has placed ''S. tridentata'' within ''Sibbaldia'' as ''Sibbaldia retusa''.{{sfn|Eriksson|Lundberg|Töpel|Östensson|2015}}

== History ==
''Sibbaldiopsis tridentata'' was first described by William Aiton, but later corrected by Per Axel Rydberg.

The species had been called ''Potentilla tridentata'', but because of genetic analysis, it was discovered that the plant was closer to the boreal species ''[[Biology:Sibbaldia procumbens|Sibbaldia procumbens]]'', and was placed in its own genus. The genus name ''Sibbaldiopsis'' comes from ''Sibbaldia'' and the suffix {{wikt-lang|mul|-opsis}}, meaning "resembling".

''Sibbaldiopsis tridentata'' has sometimes been cited as ''Potentilla retusa'', as it is much older, despite having yellow flowers. In addition, poor specimens of ''Sibbaldiopsis tridentata'' resemble ''Sibbaldia procumbens'' more than ''Sibbaldiopsis tridentata'' itself.<ref>{{cite journal|jstor=2478365|title=Notes on Potentilla.-VI|first=P. A.|last=Rydberg|date=1 January 1897|journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club|volume=24|issue=1|pages=1–13|doi=10.2307/2478365}}</ref>

== Habitat ==
''Sibbaldiopsis tridentata'' prefers dry and acidic soil, usually on rocky or gravelly shores that have access to a lot of sun.<ref name="illinoiswildflowers.info"/> It is often found on shale outcrops.<ref name="wildflower.org">{{NPIN|SITR3|Sibbaldiopsis tridentata}}</ref> The species is located all over the central to eastern American states, with [[Earth:Disjunct distribution|disjunct]] populations extending down the Appalachian Mountains. The species also lives in the Canadian provinces east of and including Alberta, as well as Greenland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ontariotrees.com/main/species.php?id=39|title=Three-toothed Cinquefoil (Sibbaldia tridentata)|website=Ontario Trees and Shrubs}}</ref><ref>{{PLANTS |symbol=SITR3 |taxon=Sibbaldiopsis}}</ref> In Nova Scotia, the species is very common in the center of the Annapolis Valley and around cliffs or rocky outcrops.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Roland |first1=A. E. |last2=Smith |first2=E. C. |date=2007 |title=The Flora of Nova Scotia |publisher=Nova Scotian Institute of Science}}</ref> The southernmost known populations are located in Georgia and North Carolina, and occupy high-elevation rock outcrops and grassy balds.{{sfn|USDA|2007}}

''Sibbaldiopsis tridentata'' is listed as endangered in 5 US states.{{sfn|USDA|2007}}

== Characteristics ==
''Sibbaldiopsis tridentata'' is a short evergreen<ref name="minnesotawildflowers.info"/> perennial plant, growing up to ten inches.<ref name="illinoiswildflowers.info"/><ref name="wildflower.org"/> Its leaves are compound and trifoliate, usually growing at the base in an alternating pattern, each leaflet growing up to an inch-and-a-half in length and a half-an-inch across. The leaflets are oblanceolate with a truncated tip having three teeth.<ref name="illinoiswildflowers.info"/> The leaves are glossy and evergreen. They turn deep red in fall if the plants are grown in sun.<ref name="wildflower.org" />

Its branches are herbaceous and pubescent,<ref name="minnesotawildflowers.info"/> but its roots are woody.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=slwMAQAAMAAJ|title=Encyclopaedia Londinensis, or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature|date=1 January 1826|publisher=|via=Google Books}}</ref>

Its flowers are small and white, radial, and arranged in a compound bracteate [[Biology:Cyme (botany)|cyme]], having five sepals and five petals with several stamens and a few pistils.<ref name="illinoiswildflowers.info"/> The individual flowers resemble flowers from the genus ''[[Biology:Potentilla|Potentilla]]''.{{sfn|Radford|Ahles|Bell|1964}}

Its blooming period lasts two to three months,<ref name="illinoiswildflowers.info"/> between June and August.<ref name="wildflower.org"/> Eventually, the triangular sepals fold up and tiny, hairy brown seeds develop inside them.<ref name="minnesotawildflowers.info"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite journal |first1=Torsten |last1=Eriksson |first2=Magnus |last2=Lundberg |first3=Mats |last3=Töpel |first4=Pia |last4=Östensson |first5=Jenny E. E. |last5=Smedmark |title=''Sibbaldia'': a molecular phylogenetic study of a remarkably polyphyletic genus in Rosaceae. Plant Systematics and Evolution |date=January 2015 |volume=301 |issue=1 |pages=171–184 }}
* {{cite journal |first1=Torsten |last1=Eriksson |first2=Malin S. |last2=Hibbs |first3=Anne D. |last3=Yoder |first4=Charles F. |last4=Delwiche |first5=Michael J. |last5=Donoghue |year=2003 |title=The Phylogeny of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) Based on Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and the ''trnL/F'' Region of Chloroplast DNA |journal=International Journal of Plant Sciences |volume=164 |issue=2 |pages=197–211 |doi=10.1086/346163|s2cid=22378156 }}
* {{cite book |last1=Radford |first1=AE |first2=HE |last2=Ahles |first3=CR |last3=Bell |date=1964 |title=Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas |publisher=Chapel Hill Press }}
* {{PLANTS |symbol=SITR3 |taxon=Sibbaldiopsis tridentata |date=2007 |ref={{harvid|USDA|2007}}}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q145750}}

[[Category:Potentilleae]]
[[Category:Monotypic Rosaceae genera]]

{{Sourceattribution|Sibbaldiopsis|1}}