View source for Biology:SmartGate

{{Infobox project
| logo = SmartGate logo.jpg
| image = File:SmartGateDeparturesSYD.jpg
| caption = SmartGate for departures at Sydney Airport, {{wipe|Australia}} 
| type = Electronic border control system
| country = Australia, New Zealand
| launched = {{Start date and age|2007}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2006/s1632049.htm|title=PM - Biometric 'Smartgate' system to be introduced to Australian airports|website=www.abc.net.au|access-date=2017-01-15}}</ref>
| launch_place = Brisbane Airport<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.futuretravelexperience.com/2014/03/australian-smartgate-trial-extended-singaporean-e-passport-holders/|title=Australian SmartGate trial extended to Singaporean e-passport holders|date=2014-03-20|newspaper=Future Travel Experience|language=en-GB|access-date=2017-01-15}}</ref>
| current_status = Active 
}}

'''SmartGate''' ('''eGate''' in [[Earth:New Zealand|New Zealand]]) is an automated self-service border control system operated by the Australian Border Force and New Zealand Customs Service and located at immigration checkpoints in departure and arrival halls in ten {{wipe|Australia}} international airports, and 4 New Zealand international airports (as eGate). SmartGates allow Australian ePassport holders and ePassport holders of a number of other countries to clear immigration controls more rapidly, and to enhance travel security by performing passport control checks electronically.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2015/07/new-smartgate-aims-to-decrease-airport-queues.html|title=New SmartGate aims to decrease airport queues|access-date=2017-01-15}}</ref> 

SmartGate uses facial recognition technology to verify the traveller's identity against the data stored in the chip in their [[Biometric passport|biometric passport]], as well as checking against immigration databases. To use the SmartGate system, the traveller must have a biometric passport from Australia, New Zealand or certain other countries (these ePassports have the biometric logo on the front cover). The ePassport gate scanner reads all the information contained in the chip inside the passport and runs the data against numerous databases to determine if the traveller is a security risk, while a camera takes a picture of the traveller and an officer at a control station behind the gates checks that the image captured by the camera matches the one on the passport (facial recognition).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmhaff/421/42105.htm#_idTextAnchor056|title=Home Office delivery ofBrexit: immigration - Home Affairs Committee - House of Commons|website=publications.parliament.uk|access-date=2018-02-14}}</ref> Once the data verification and facial recognition process is complete, doors will automatically either open, signifying that the traveller is permitted to enter and/or exit the country, or remain closed and a stop icon illuminate, demonstrating that the traveller has failed the security checks and will personally meet with immigration officials.

Travellers require a biometric passport to use SmartGate as it uses information from the passport (such as photograph, name and date of birth) and in the respective countries' databases (i.e. banned travellers database) to decide whether to grant entry or departure from the country or to generate a referral to a customs agent.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.customs.govt.nz/features/smartgate/howsmartgateworks/Pages/default.aspx|title=New Zealand Customs Service : How does SmartGate work?|website=www.customs.govt.nz|access-date=2017-01-15}}</ref> These checks would otherwise require manual processing by a human, which is time-consuming, costly and potentially error-prone.<ref name="oag.govt.nz">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oag.govt.nz/2012/realising-benefits/part5.htm|title=Part 5: Processing passengers faster at airports — Office of the Auditor-General New Zealand|website=www.oag.govt.nz|language=en|access-date=2017-01-15}}</ref>

== History ==
The first trials of SmartGate began in 2002 with [[Company:Qantas|Qantas]] aircrews.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rogerclarke.com/DV/SmartGate.html|title=Roger Clarke's 'SmartGate'|website=www.rogerclarke.com|access-date=2017-01-15}}</ref> The trials were expanded in 2004 to include over 1,000 Qantas platinum frequent flyers, and in 2007 it was launched to the public at Brisbane Airport.<ref name=":0" />

Since October 2005, Australia has issued only biometric passports, called ePassports. As the validity of Australian passports do not exceed 10 years, all previous Australian passports have now expired and all valid passports are now biometric.

In May 2015, the Australian Government announced that SmartGate will be launched at air and sea ports, using solely biometrics to identify and process arriving passengers, with a goal of processing 90% of air travellers automatically by 2020. The introduction of biometric arrivals, under the ''Seamless Traveller'' initiative, is expected to cost approximately AU$93.7m over 5 years and be completed by March 2019.

== Eligibility ==

=== Australia ===
SmartGates are operated by the Australian Border Force and are available at various airports upon arrival and departure. The system requires travellers to look as much as their passport photo as possible, which may require removing accessories such as glasses, hats, or masks when using the SmartGate.

==== Requirements ====
Departing travellers, regardless of age and nationality, can use the SmartGates if they have an ePassport or machine-readable passport and can independently use the machine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Departure SmartGates |url=https://www.abf.gov.au/entering-and-leaving-australia/smartgates/departures |access-date=August 7, 2023 |website=Australian Border Force}}</ref>
Arriving travellers must meet the following conditions:<ref name=":1" />
* Be aged 16 or older (or aged 10-15, if an Australian citizen being accompanied by at least 2 adults)
* Hold a valid {{flagicon|AUS}} Australian passport, or an [[Biometric passport|ePassport]] (biometric passport) issued by one of the following jurisdictions:

{| style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
*{{flagicon|ARG}} Argentina
*{{flagicon|AUT}} Austria
*{{flagicon|CAN}} Canada
*{{flagicon|CHN}} China
**{{flagicon|HKG}} Hong Kong
**{{flagicon|MAC}} Macao
*{{flagicon|DNK}} Denmark
*{{flagicon|FRA}} France
*{{flagicon|FIN}} Finland
*{{flagicon|IRL}} Ireland
*{{flagicon|ITA}} Italy
*{{flagicon|JPN}} Japan
*{{flagicon|LUX}} Luxembourg
*{{flagicon|MYS}} Malaysia
| valign="top" |
*{{flagicon|NZL}} New Zealand
*{{flagicon|QAT}} Qatar
*{{flagicon|SMR}} San Marino
*{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore
*{{flagicon|KOR}} South Korea
*{{flagicon|SWE}} Sweden
*{{flagicon|CHE}} Switzerland
*{{flagicon|TWN}} Taiwan
*{{flagicon|THA}} Thailand
*{{flagicon|UAE}} United Arab Emirates
*{{flagicon|GBR}} United Kingdom
*{{flagicon|UN}} United Nations
*{{flagicon|USA}} United States
|
|}

==== Exceptions ====
There are a number of notable exceptions when entering and departing Australia and using SmartGate.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Arrivals SmartGates|url=https://www.abf.gov.au/entering-and-leaving-australia/smartgates/arrivals|access-date=2019-01-09|website=www.abf.gov.au}}</ref>

* If airline crew meet the above requirements they are also eligible to use SmartGate or they may continue to use the "crew lane".
* Australian and New Zealand citizens travelling on military orders may not use SmartGate upon arrival.
* Australian children aged 10 to 15 years (inclusive) can use SmartGate upon arrival if they are accompanied by at least two adults.

==== Locations ====
In Australia, SmartGates are available at ten international airports:
{|style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
* Adelaide
* Avalon (departure only)
* Brisbane
* Cairns
* Canberra
|valign=top|
* Darwin
* Gold Coast
* Melbourne
* Perth
* Sydney
|
|}

=== New Zealand ===
eGate uses biometrics to match the picture of your face in your ePassport with the picture it takes of you at the gate. To make sure eGate is able to do this, passengers must look as similar to their ePassport photo as possible. Passengers should avoid headwear (including veils, scarfs, and hats) that obscure the face.<ref>{{Cite web|title=eGate|url=https://www.customs.govt.nz/personal/travel-to-and-from-nz/travelling-to-nz/egate/|access-date=2021-01-07|website=www.customs.govt.nz}}</ref>

==== Requirements ====
Arriving and departing travellers, can use eGate if they have a machine-readable passport, are aged twelve or over, can independently use the machine and have a passport of one of the thirteen eligible nationalities. <ref>{{Cite web|title=eGate|url=https://www.customs.govt.nz/personal/travel-to-and-from-nz/travelling-to-nz/egate/|access-date=2021-01-07|website=www.customs.govt.nz}}</ref>

The following passport nationalities are eligible for New Zealand's eGate system. 

{| style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
*{{flagicon|NZL}} New Zealand
*{{flagicon|AUS}} Australia 
*{{Flagicon|Austria}} Austria
*{{flagicon|CAN}} Canada
*{{flagicon|CHN}} China (Excluding Hong Kong)
*{{flagicon|FRA}} France
*{{Flagicon|Germany}} {{wipe|Germany}}
*{{flagicon|IRL}} Ireland
|
*{{Flagicon|Netherlands}} Netherlands
*{{flagicon|SIN}} Singapore 
*{{Flagicon|Sweden}} Sweden
*{{Flagicon|Switzerland}} Switzerland
*{{flagicon|JPN}} Japan
*{{flagicon|KOR}} South Korea
*{{flagicon|GBR}} United Kingdom
*{{flagicon|USA}} United States
|}

==== Locations ====
In New Zealand, SmartGate (named eGate) is available at four international airports:<ref>Customs New Zealand, [https://www.customs.govt.nz/personal/travel-to-and-from-nz/travelling-to-nz/egate/ "eGate"], Retrieved 11/8/2020</ref>

{|style=" border-radius:1em; box-shadow: 0.1em 0.1em 0.5em rgba(0,0,0,0.75); background-color: white; border: 1px solid white; padding: 5px;"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
* Auckland
* Wellington
* Christchurch
* Queenstown
|
|}

== Privacy issues ==
The SmartGate system collects personal information includes the information on the biometric page of the passport, such as name, gender, date of birth, passport number, passport photograph, nationality, and the country of origin of the passport.<ref name=":1" />

Other information may also be collected, such as travel details, and the facial biometric template.<ref name=":1" />

Travellers passports are not stamped if they are processed by SmartGate.

==See also==
* [[EPassport gates|ePassport gates]] - a similar system operated in the United Kingdom
* [[PARAFE]] - a similar system operated in France

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://www.abf.gov.au/entering-and-leaving-australia/smartgates Australian Border Force: SmartGates]

[[Category:Biometrics]]

{{Sourceattribution|SmartGate}}