View source for Biology:Solanum lanceolatum

{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = Solanum lanceolatum.jpg
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name=IUCN>{{cite iucn |author= Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group |author2= Cornejo-Tenorio, G. |author3= Ibarra-Manríquez, G. |date=2019 |title= ''Solanum lanceolatum'' |volume=219 |page= e.T136791888A136791890 |doi= 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T136791888A136791890.en |access-date=27 November 2022}}</ref>
|genus = Solanum
|species = lanceolatum
|authority = [[Biography:Antonio José Cavanilles|Cav.]]
|synonyms = See text
}}

'''''Solanum lanceolatum''''', with the common names '''orangeberry nightshade'''<ref>{{PLANTS|id=SOLA|taxon=Solanum lanceolatum|accessdate=17 November 2015}}</ref> and '''lanceleaf nightshade''', is a [[Biology:Species|species]] of [[Biology:Solanum|nightshade]]. It is native to regions of [[Earth:South America|South America]], including the [[Place:Cerrado|Cerrado]] ecoregion of the [[Earth:Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands]] [[Biology:Biome|biome]], primarily in {{wipe|Brazil}}.

The flowers of ''Solanum lanceolatum'' are light purple. All parts of the plants are toxic if eaten, including its fruit.

==Taxonomy==
===Former subspecies===
In the past this plant was variously considered a [[Biology:Variety (botany)|variety]] of other ''Solanum'' species. It was included in ''Solanum glutinosum'' as var. ''irazuense'' by Kuntze (note that there was also a ''S. irazuense'', which is the same as ''Solanum pubigerum''. It was included in ''Solanum corymbosum'' of [[Biography:Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin|von Jacquin]] (a valid species), and in ''S. hernandesii'' (which is currently ''Solanum ferrugineum'') as var. ''corymbosum'' by Dunal &ndash; not to be confused with the ''S. corymbosum'' of Wight based on Nees (which is the same as the ''[[Biology:Nomen nudum|nomen nudum]]'' ''S. vagum'' of B. Heyne, based on [[Biography:Nathaniel Wallich|N. Wallich]]). Like many nightshade species, it was also included in ''[[Biology:Solanum torvum|Solanum torvum]]'', in its case by Otto Sendtner as var. ''schiedeanum''.<ref name = ss2008>Solanaceae Source [2008]</ref>

===Former synonyms===
There are also a number of now-invalid names where the orangeberry nightshade was considered a distinct species. Many of these are also homonyms of other ''[[Biology:Solanum|Solanum]]'' taxa:<ref name = ss2008 />
* ''Solanum amictum'' <small>Dunal</small>
:''S. amictum'' var. ''fructipendulum'' is ''S. rudepannum''.
* ''Solanum bifidum'' <small>Sessé & Moc. (''non'' Dunal in DC.: preoccupied)</small>
:The ''S. bifidum'' described by Dunal in de Candolle is ''S. lepidotum''. That described by de Conceição Vellozo from Dunal in DC. is ''S. subumbellatum''. 
* ''Solanum canescens'' <small>Pav. ex Dunal (''non'' Blume: preoccupied)</small>
:''S. canescens'' as described by Blume is an undetermined species. The ''S. canescens'' of [[Biography:Louis Claude Richard|L.C. Richard]] based on Dunal in de Candolle is the ''S. asperum'' of L.C. Richard. That described by Kitaibel is ''[[Biology:Solanum villosum|S. villosum]]'' of Philip Miller. 
* ''Solanum cinerascens'' <small>Pav. ex Dunal</small>
* ''Solanum cymosum'' <small>Ortega</small>
:The ''S. cymosum'' described by Banks from Dunal in de Candolle is ''S. viridifolium''. The one described by Ruiz & Pavón Jiménez is ''S. corymbosum'' of von Jacquin.
* ''Solanum densiflorum'' <small>M.Martens & Galeotti</small>
:As described by Otto Sendtner in [[Biography:Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius|von Martius]], ''S. densiflorum'' refers to ''S. piluliferum''. As described by Dunal in de Candolle, it refers to the indeterminable ''S. athroanthum''.
* ''Solanum floccosum'' <small>M.Martens & Galeotti (''non'' Zipp. ex Span.: preoccupied)</small>
:''S. floccosum'' <small>Zipp. ex Span.</small> is an undetermined species. As described by Dunal in de Candolle it refers to ''S. pachimatium''.
* ''Solanum hartwegii'' <small>Benth.</small>
* ''Solanum inaequale'' <small>Hornem.</small>
:''S. inaequale'' of de Conceição Vellozo is ''[[Biology:Solanum pseudoquina|S. pseudoquina]]''. The one described by C. Presl is ''S. lanceifolium'' of von Jacquin.
* ''Solanum lambertii'' <small>Dunal</small>
* ''Solanum lanceolatum'' var. ''sinuatum'' <small>Dunal</small>
* ''Solanum leiboldianum'' <small>Dunal</small>
* ''Solanum macrophyllum'' <small>Hort. ex Dunal</small>
* ''Solanum mexicanum'' <small>Dunal</small>
* ''Solanum mexicanum'' var. ''albiflorum'' <small>Dunal</small>
:The ''S. mexicanum'' described by [[Biography:Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Willdenow]] from J.J. Roemer & J.A. Schultes is ''S. pubigerum''. The one described by Sessé & Mociño is ''[[Biology:Solanum bulbocastanum|S. bulbocastanum]]''.
* ''Solanum schiedeanum'' <small>Schltdl.</small>
* ''Solanum vellereum'' <small>Schltdl.</small>

===Other nomenclature===
The [[Biology:Taxon|taxon]] ''S. lanceolatum'' had also been used for other ''Solanum'' species in error. As used by Ruiz & Pavón Jiménez, it refers to ''Solanum ruizii''. The ''S. lanceolatum'' of Berthault is ''[[Biology:Solanum cardiophyllum|Solanum cardiophyllum]]'' as described by [[Biography:John Lindley|John Lindley]].<ref name = ss2008 />

==Cultivation — invasive species==
''Solanum lanceolatum'' is cultivated as an ornamental plant.

It was introduced to {{wipe|California}} as a garden plant, but has naturalized and ranked a [[Biology:Noxious weed|noxious weed]] there.<ref name=calflora>{{ cite web |url=http://www.calflora.org/cgi-bin/species_query.cgi?where-taxon=Solanum+lanceolatum |title=''Solanum lanceolatum'' at CalFlora |accessdate=November 1, 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

===Footnotes===
* {{aut|Solanaceae Source}} [2008]: [http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/research/projects/solanaceaesource/taxonomy/description-detail.jsp?taxa=3365 ''Solanum lanceolatum'']. Retrieved 2008-SEP-27.

==External links==
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7555750}}

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[[Category:Solanum|lanceolatum]]



{{Sourceattribution|Solanum lanceolatum}}