View source for Biology:Tonglu, West Bengal

{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Tonglu
| native_name             = 
| native_name_lang        = 
| other_name              = 
| nickname                = 
| settlement_type         = village
| image_skyline           = Tonglutrekkershut.jpg
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = The trekkers' hut at Tonglu
| pushpin_map             = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position  = right
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location in West Bengal, India
| coordinates             = {{coord|27.03|N|88.09|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1       = State
| subdivision_name1       = West Bengal
| subdivision_type2       = District
| subdivision_name2       = Darjeeling| established_title       = <!-- Established -->
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| named_for               = 
| government_type         = 
| governing_body          = Gram panchayat 
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_rank               = 
| area_total_km2          = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 3070
| population_total        = 
| population_as_of        = 
| population_rank         = 
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| demographics_type1      = Languages
| demographics1_title1    = Official
| demographics1_info1     = [[Social:Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Social:English language|English]]
| timezone1               = IST
| utc_offset1             = +5:30
| postal_code_type        = <!-- PIN -->
| postal_code             = 
| registration_plate      = 
| website                 = 
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-WB]]
| footnotes               = 

}}
'''Tonglu''' (3036 m amsl) is the one of the higher peaks of the Singalila Ridge and a small settlement inside the Singalila National Park in the Darjeeling subdivision, Darjeeling district in the state of West Bengal in {{wipe|India}} near the {{wipe|India}} - Nepal border. It is a roadside halt along the trekking route from Manebhanjan to Sandakphu.

It was also known as Tonglo in the 1800s.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Letter from Major G.E.[George Ernest] Bulger to [Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker]; from Secunderabad, India; 6 Dec 1868; two page letter comprising two images; folio 168 |url=http://plants.jstor.org/stable/10.5555/al.ap.visual.kdcas8562 |publisher=jstor.org |accessdate=18 December 2014}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=Wild Flowers of Mount Tonglo, Sikkim, India by Marianne North |url=https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/wild-flowers-of-mount-tonglo-sikkim-india-88566 |publisher=Art UK |accessdate=18 December 2014}}</ref>
<ref>J.S. Gamble {{Google books|A Manual Of Indian Timbers|sigPAwAAQBAJ|page=472}}</ref>[[Biography:Joseph Dalton Hooker|Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker]] carried out many plant hunting expeditions in Darjeeling and Sikkim.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=A.P. |last1=Das |first2=Chandra |last2=Ghosh |title=Plant wealth of Darjiling and Sikkim Himalayas vis-à-vis Conservation |journal=NBU Journal of Plant Sciences|volume=5 |issue=1 |date=March 2011 |pages=25–33| url=https://www.academia.edu/4824876 |publisher=University of Bengal |accessdate=18 December 2014}}</ref>

==Geography==
{{OSM Location map
| width=350| height=250| zoom=10
| coord={{coord|27|5|0|N|88|12|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''Places and tea estates in the north-western portion of  Darjeeling Sadar  subdivision (including Darjeeling Pulbazar CD block) in Darjeeling district'''<br/>CT: census town,  R: rural/ urban centre, N: neighbourhood, H: hill centre, NP: national park/ wildlife sanctuary, TE: tea estate, TA: tourist attraction<br/>Abbreviations used in names – TG for Tea Garden (town/village), TE for Tea Estate<br/>Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly

|mark-coord1={{coord|27|3|50|N|88|12|25|E}}| label-pos1=left|label1= Chongtong TG| numbered1=CT| mark-title1= Chongtong Tea Garden (CT)|label-color1= #800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|27|4|50|N|88|17|58|E}}| label-pos2=left|label2=Ging TG| numbered2=CT| mark-title2= Ging Tea Garden (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|27|3|5|N|88|13|43|E}}| label-pos3=left|label3=Singtam TG| numbered3=CT| mark-title3= Singtam Tea Garden (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|27|6|25|N|88|19|0|E}}| label-pos4= right|label4=Badamtam TE| numbered4=TE| mark-title4= Badamtam Tea Estate (TE)| shape-color4=#87A96B
|mark-coord5={{coord|27|1|25|N|88|15|10|E}}| label-pos5=right |label5=Darjeeling| numbered5=M| mark-title5= Darjeeling (M)| shape-color5=#800000
|mark-coord6={{coord|27|4|35|N|88|11|30|E}}| label-pos6=left|label6=Bijanbari| numbered6=R| mark-title6= Bijanbari (R)| shape-color6=#C42222
|mark-coord7={{coord|27|6|35|N|88|6|30|E}}| label-pos7=bottom|label7=Lodhoma| numbered7=R| mark-title7= Lodhoma (R)| shape-color7=#C42222
|mark-coord8={{coord|27|4|0|N|88|16|34|E}}| label-pos8= right |label8= Puttabong TE | numbered8=TE| mark-title8= Puttabong Tea Estate (TE)| shape-color8=#87A96B
|mark-coord9={{coord|27|7|35|N|88|6|25|E}}| label-pos9=left|label9=Rimbick| numbered9=R| mark-title9= Rimbick (R)| shape-color9=#C42222
|mark-coord10={{coord|27|2|55|N|88|15|27|E}}| label-pos10=right|label10=Tukvar TG| numbered10=R| mark-title10= Tukvar Tea Garden (R)| shape-color10=#C42222
|mark-coord11={{coord|27|7|10|N|88|18|5|E}}| label-pos11=left|label11=Singla TG| numbered11=R| mark-title11= Singla Tea Garden (R)| shape-color11=#C42222
|mark-coord12={{coord|27|5|25|N|88|13|40|E}}| label-pos12=left|label12=Soom TG| numbered12=R| mark-title12= Soom Tea Garden (R)| shape-color12=#C42222
|mark-coord13={{coord|27|2|20|N|88|12|50|E}}| label-pos13=left|label13=Rishihat TG| numbered13=R| mark-title13= Rishihat Tea Garden (R)| shape-color13=#C42222
|mark-coord14={{coord|27|1|25|N|88|14|8|E}}| label-pos14=left|label14=Orange Valley TG| numbered14=R| mark-title14= Orange Valley Tea Garden (R)| shape-color14=#C42222
|mark-coord15={{coord|27|0|10|N|88|6|25|E}}| label-pos15=bottom|label15=Manebhanjyang| numbered15=R| mark-title15= Manebhanjyang, Darjeeling (R)| shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|27|1|50|N|88|5|10|E}}| label-pos16=top|label16=Tonglu| numbered16=R| mark-title16= [[Biology:Tonglu, West Bengal|Tonglu, West Bengal]] (R) |shape-color16=black| label-size16=13|label-color16=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors -->
|mark-coord17={{coord|27|0|40|N|88|14|47|E}}| label-pos17=right|label17=Ghum| numbered17=N| mark-title17= Ghum, West Bengal (N)| shape-color17=#E97451
|mark-coord18={{coord|27|6|30|N|88|0|6|E}}| label-pos18=right|label18=Sandakphu| numbered18=H| mark-title18= Sandakphu (H)| shape-color18=#87410E
|mark-coord19={{coord|27|12|30|N|88|1|30|E}}| label-pos19=right|label19=Phalut| numbered19=H| mark-title19= Phalut (H)| shape-color19=#87410E
|mark-coord20={{coord|27|5|35|N|88|2|40|E}}| label-pos20=bottom|label20=Singalila |labela20= National|labelb20= Park| numbered20=NP| mark-title20= Singalila National Park (NP)| shape-color20=#228B22
|mark-coord21={{coord|27|6|20|N|88|16|3|E}}| label-pos21=left|label21=North Tukvar TE| numbered21=TE| mark-title21= North Tukvar Tea Estate (TE)| shape-color21=#87A96B
|mark-coord22={{coord|27|5|40|N|88|16|50|E}}| label-pos22=right|label22=Phoobsering TE| numbered22=TE| mark-title22= Phoobsering Tea Estate (TE)| shape-color22=#87A96B
|mark-coord23={{coord|26|59|45|N|88|16|42|E}}| label-pos23=right|label23=Tiger Hill| numbered23=H| mark-title23= Tiger Hill, Darjeeling (H)| shape-color23=#87410E
|mark-coord24={{coord|27|0|40|N|88|13|1|E}}| label-pos24=left|label24=Rock Garden| numbered24=TA| mark-title24= Rock Garden, Darjeeling (TA)| shape-color24=#228B22
|mark-coord25={{coord|26|59|20|N|88|15|54|E}}| label-pos25=bottom|label25=Senchal |labela25= Wildlife Sanctuary| numbered25=NP| mark-title25= Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary (NP)| shape-color25=#228B22
|mark-coord26={{coord|27|9|0|N|88|2|29|E}}|label26=Singalila Ridge| label-angle26=-70| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|27|9|20|N|88|10|0|E}}|label27=Rangeet| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=70| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|27|7|1|N|88|12|0|E}}|label28= River| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=7| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|27|7|0|N|88|7|50|E}}|label29= Rammam|labela29=River| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=15| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title329 =none
|arc-coordA={{coord|27|10|57|N|88|11|50|E}}|arc-textA= SIKKIM| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=-161| arc-gapA=-4| arc-radiusA=0.7 
|arc-coordB={{coord|27|1|0|N|87|59|0|E}}|arc-textB= NEPAL| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=40| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.4 
}}

===Location===
Tonglu is located at {{coord|27.03|N|88.09|E|}}.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://maps.yahoo.com/#mvt=m&lat=27.03169&lon=88.091&zoom=15&q1=Tonglu%252C%2520West%2520Bengal
|title = Yahoo maps location of Tonglu
|publisher = Yahoo maps
|accessdate = 2008-12-07
}}</ref>

===Area overview===
The map alongside shows the northern portion of the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region. Kangchenjunga, which rises with an elevation of {{convert|8586|m}} is located further north of the area shown.<ref>{{cite book |author=Gurung, H. |author2=Shrestha, R. K. |last-author-amp=yes |year=1994 |title=Nepal Himalaya Inventory |publisher=Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation |location=Kathmandu}}</ref>Sandakphu, rising to a height of {{convert|3665|m}}, on the Singalila Ridge, is the highest point in West Bengal.<ref>{{cite web | url =  https://himalayanhigh.in/sandakphu-phalut-trek| title = Sandakphu-Phalut Trek| publisher =  Himalayan High |accessdate =  21 March 2020}}</ref>In Darjeeling Sadar subdivision 61% of the total population lives in the rural areas and 39% of the population lives in the urban areas.<ref name="admin">{{cite web  | url = http://darjeeling.gov.in/dist-prof.html | title = Darjeeling  | work =District Profile - General Information | publisher = District administration |accessdate = 21 March 2020 }}</ref><ref name="handbook">{{cite web  |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook  |title = District Statistical Handbook 2013 Darjeeling  |work = Tables 2.2, 2.4b  |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal  |accessdate = 21 March 2020}}</ref>There are 78 tea gardens/ estates (the figure varies slightly according to different sources), producing and largely exporting Darjeeling tea in the district. It engages a large proportion of the population directly/ indirectly.<ref>{{cite web | url =  http://www.darjeeling.gov.in/darj-tea.html | title = Darjeeling Tea| publisher =  District administration |accessdate =  21 March 2020}}</ref>Some tea gardens were identified in the 2011 census as census towns or villages. <ref>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | accessdate = 21 March 2020 }}</ref>Such places are marked in the map as CT (census town) or R (rural/ urban centre). Specific tea estate pages are marked TE. 

<small>Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.</small>

==Tonglu picture gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Tonglu,Darjeeling,West Bengal, India 02.jpg|After rain, Tonglu looks fresh.
File:Tonglu,Darjeeling,West Bengal, India.jpg|Tonglu
</gallery>

==References==
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Biodiversity Heritage Sites of India]]


{{Sourceattribution|Tonglu, West Bengal}}