View source for Biology:Tzibte Yux

{{short description|Archaeological site in southern Belize}}
{{Infobox ancient site
| name           = Tzibte Yux<!-- required -->
| native_name    = 
| native_name_lang =
| alternate_name = {{hlist|Tzib Te Yux|Tzib'te Yux}}<!-- displays as "Alternative name" -->
| image          = Pone.0219812.g004.PNG L.svg
| image_size     = 275
| alt            = 
| caption        = Longitudinal diagram of Tzibte Yux {{small|/ excavation units 1{{en dash}}9 labelled / 2019 Prufer ''et al.'' / via PLOS ONE}}
| map            = {{location map|Belize#Mesoamerica|lat_deg=16.22918291312578|lon_deg=-89.09335790400635|label=Tzibte Yux|caption=|float=center|mark=Archaeological site icon.svg}}<!--Belize location map.svg-->
| map_type       = 
| map_alt        = 
| map_caption    = 
| map_size       =
| mapframe       = <!-- "yes" to show an interactive map -->
| altitude_m     = <!-- Enter a number for altitude in meters (m) -->
| altitude_ref   = 
| relief         = 
| coordinates    = {{coord|16.22918291312578|-89.09335790400635|region:BZ_type:landmark|display=title,inline}}
| gbgridref      = 
| map_dot_label  = 
| location       = Rio Blanco National Park, Toledo, Belize
| region         = Yucatan Peninsula<!-- or Maya Region? -->
| type           = [[Earth:Rock shelter|Rock shelter]]
| part_of        = 
| length         = {{convert|121|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| width          = {{convert|14.8|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| area           = 
| volume         = 
| diameter       = 
| circumference  = 
| height         = 
| builder        = 
| material       = 
| built          = 10500 BC
| abandoned      = 6500 BC
| epochs         = Preceramic<!-- actually displays as "Periods" -->
| cultures       = Palaeoindian
| dependency_of  = 
| occupants      = 
| event          = 
| discovered     = 2009
| excavations    = 2012{{en dash}}2015
| archaeologists = Keith Prufer {{small|/ Uxbenka Archaeological Project}}
| condition      = 
| ownership      = Public
| management     = Institute of Archaeology
| public_access  = Limited
| other_designation =
| website        = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| architectural_styles =
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| notes          = 
}}

'''Tzibte Yux''', '''Tzib Te Yux''', or '''Tzib'te Yux''', is a Preceramic [[Earth:Rock shelter|rock shelter]] and archaeological site in the Rio Blanco National Park, Toledo, Belize. It is thought to have been occupied by Palaeoindian settlers during 10500 BC{{snd}}6500 BC.

== Description ==
Tzibte Yux is a rockshelter measuring some {{convert|121|ft|m|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|14.8|ft|m|abbr=on}} wide at its widest point.{{sfn|Prufer|Meredith|Alsgaard|Dennehy|2017|p=322}} Its entrance, protected by a silicified limestone and conglomerate overhang, sits some {{convert|26|ft|m|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} above Blue Creek during the [[Earth:Dry season|dry season]], though this decreases to less than {{convert|6|ft|m|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} during the wet season.{{sfn|Prufer|Meredith|Alsgaard|Dennehy|2017|p=322}} Its floor is relatively flat and composed of sediments, predominantly [[Biology:Pachychilus|jute snail]] shells deposited by former pre-Columbian inhabitants.{{sfn|Prufer|Meredith|Alsgaard|Dennehy|2017|p=323}}

Fishtail- and Lowe-style stemmed bifacial points have been recovered from Tzibte Yux, the former dated 10450 cal BC{{snd}}10085 cal BC, the latter 8275 cal BC{{snd}}6650 cal BC.{{sfn|Braswell|2022|p=90|loc=fig. 4.5}}{{sfn|Stemp|Awe|Marcus|Helmke|2021|p=419}} Human remains have also been recovered from the rock shelter.{{sfn|Prufer|Meredith|Alsgaard|Dennehy|2017|p=323}}

== Study ==
Tzibte Yux was discovered by the Uxbenka Archaeological Project in 2009.{{sfn|Prufer|Meredith|Alsgaard|Dennehy|2017|p=321}} Subsequently, nine blocks or units, ie Units 1{{en dash}}9, covering some {{convert|194|ft2|m2|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} of the rock shelter's floor, were excavated to a mean depth of some 2.5 ft (0.75 m) during 2012{{en dash}}2015.{{sfn|Prufer|Meredith|Alsgaard|Dennehy|2017|pp=321-323}} A piece of charcoal found at the bottom of a red clay layer in Unit 1, some 23 in (58 cm) below the floor's surface, was dated to 10571 cal BC{{snd}}10526 cal BC. Most material in other units produced dates within 10500 cal BC{{snd}}6500 cal BC, though Unit 7 yielded a later date of 890 cal AD{{snd}}975 cal AD at 18.5 in (47 cm) below surface.{{sfn|Prufer|Meredith|Alsgaard|Dennehy|2017|pp=323-325}}

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}
{{notefoot}}
== References ==
{{refbegin}}
# {{cite book
| editor-last1  = Braswell
| editor-first1 = Geoffrey E.
| title         = 3,000 Years of War and Peace in the Maya Lowlands: Identity, Politics, and Violence
| series        = 
| volume        = 
| date          = 2022
| edition       = 
| publisher     = Routledge
| location      = London
| doi           = 10.4324/9781351268004
| isbn = 9781351268004
| s2cid = 246542762
}}
# {{cite thesis
| last1         = Dennehy
| first1        = Timothy J.
| date          = 2021
|degree=PhD
| title         = From Foragers to Farmers in Tropical Forests: How Paleoindian and Archaic Peoples in Southern Belize Adapted Their Lithics, Mobility, and Subsistence to a Changing Holocene Climate
| publisher     = Arizona State University
| id = {{ProQuest|2610379260}}
}}
# {{cite book
| editor-last1  = Houk
| editor-first1 = Brett A.
| editor-last2  = Arroyo
| editor-first2 = Barbara
| editor-last3  = Powis
| editor-first3 = Terry G.
| title         = Approaches to Monumental Landscapes of the Ancient Maya: A Legacy of Human Occupation
| series        = Maya studies
| volume        = 
| date          = 2019
| edition       = 
| publisher     = University Press of Florida
| location      = Gainesville, Fl.
| url           = https://muse-jhu-edu.ezp-prod1.hul.harvard.edu/book/72232
| url-access    = subscription
| doi           = 
| oclc          = 1137019195
| hdl           = 
| isbn = 9780813057347
| s2cid =
}}
# {{cite journal
| last1         = Lohse
| first1        = Jon C.
| date          = 13 January 2020
| title         = Early Holocene Cultural Diversity in Central America: Comment on Prufer et al. (2019) "Linking Late Paleoindian Stone Tool Technologies and Populations in North, Central and South America"
| journal       = Lithic Technology
| volume        = 45
| issue         = 2
| pages         = 59–67
| doi           = 10.1080/01977261.2020.1713609
| s2cid = 245125311
}}
# {{cite thesis
| last1         = Meredith
| first1        = Clayton
| date          = 2014
|degree=MA
| title         = Analysis of Small Cave Sites Related to the Uxbenka Polity: Application of FT-IR Techniques in the Study of Ritual Practice
| publisher     = Idaho State University
| url           = https://etd.iri.isu.edu/ViewSpecimen.aspx?id=128
}}
# {{cite journal
| last1         = Prufer
| first1        = Keith M.
| date          = 1 August 2018
| title         = Preceramic Cultural History in Southern Belize and its Environmental Context
| journal       = Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology
| volume        = 15
| pages         = 241–251
| issn           = 2079-1038
| url           = https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10113267-preceramic-cultural-history-southern-belize-its-environmental-context
}}
# {{cite journal
| last1         = Prufer
| first1        = Keith M.
| last2         = Alsgaard
| first2        = Asia V.
| last3         = Robinson
| first3        = Mark
| last4         = Meredith
| first4        = Clayton R.
| last5         = Culleton
| first5        = Brendan J.
| last6         = Dennehy
| first6        = Timothy
| last7         = Magee
| first7        = Shelby
| last8         = Huckell
| first8        = Bruce B.
| last9         = Stemp
| first9        = W. James
| last10        = Awe
| first10       = Jaime J.
| last11        = Capriles
| first11       = Jose M.
| last12        = Kennett
| first12       = Douglas J.
| date          = 18 July 2019
| title         = Linking late paleoindian stone tool technologies and populations in North, Central and South America
| journal       = PLOS ONE
| volume        = 14
| issue         = 7
| pages         = 1-20 of article no. e0219812
| doi           = 10.1371/journal.pone.0219812
| doi-access = free
| pmid          = 31318917
| pmc = 6638942
| bibcode = 2019PLoSO..1419812P
}}
# {{cite journal
| last1         = Prufer
| first1        = Keith M.
| last2         = Meredith
| first2        = Clayton R.
| last3         = Alsgaard
| first3        = Asia V.
| last4         = Dennehy
| first4        = Timothy
| last5         = Kennett
| first5        = Douglas
| date          = 1 January 2017
| title         = The Paleoindian Chronology of Tzib Te Yux Rockshelter in the Rio Blanco Valley of Southern Belize
| journal       = Research Reports in Belizean Archaeology
| volume        = 14
| pages         = 321–326
| issn           = 2079-1038
| url           = https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10067808-paleoindian-chronology-tzib-te-yux-rockshelter-rio-blanco-valley-southern-belize
}}
# {{cite journal
| last1         = Prufer
| first1        = Keith M.
| last2         = Robinson
| first2        = Mark
| last3         = Kennett
| first3        = Douglas J.
| date          = 14 December 2021
| title         = Terminal Pleistocene Through Middle Holocene Occupations in Southeastern Mesoamerica: Linking Ecology and Culture in the Context of Neotropical Foragers and Early Farmers
| journal       = Ancient Mesoamerica
| volume        = 32
| issue         = 3
| pages         = 439–460
| doi           = 10.1017/S0956536121000195
| s2cid = 245125309
}}
# {{cite journal
| last1         = Stemp
| first1        = W. James
| last2         = Awe
| first2        = Jaime J.
| last3         = Marcus
| first3        = Joyce
| last4         = Helmke
| first4        = Christophe
| last5         = Sullivan
| first5        = Lauren A.
| date          = 14 December 2021
| title         = The Preceramic and Early Ceramic Periods in Belize and the Central Maya Lowlands
| journal       = Ancient Mesoamerica
| volume        = 32
| issue         = 3
| pages         = 416–438
| doi           = 10.1017/S0956536121000444
| s2cid = 245125311
| doi-access= free
}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
* [https://anthropology.unm.edu/research/field-projects/project/uxbenká-archaeological-project-uap.html Uxbenka Archaeological Project]
{{Pre-Columbian}}
[[Category:Pleistocene life]]

{{Sourceattribution|Tzibte Yux}}