View source for Biology:Umbel

{{Short description|Type of inflorescence}}
{{wikt | umbel}}
In [[Biology:Botany|botany]], an '''umbel''' is an [[Biology:Inflorescence|inflorescence]] that consists of a number of short [[Biology:Flower|flower]] stalks (called [[Biology:Pedicel (botany)|pedicels]]) that spread from a common point, somewhat like umbrella ribs. The word was coined in botanical usage in the 1590s, from Latin ''umbella'' "parasol, sunshade".<ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=umbel umbel etymology]</ref> The arrangement can vary from being flat-topped to almost spherical. Umbels can be simple or compound. The secondary umbels of compound umbels are known as '''umbellules'''<ref name=foc/> or '''umbellets'''.<ref name= Beentje>{{cite book |author1= Beentje, H. |author2= Williamson, J. |year= 2010  |title= The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms |publisher= Kew Publishing |location= Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew  }}</ref> A small umbel is called an umbellule.<ref name= Beentje/> The arrangement of the inflorescence in umbels is referred to as '''umbellate''', or occasionally '''subumbellate''' (almost umbellate).

Umbels are a characteristic of plants such as [[Biology:Carrot|carrot]], [[Biology:Parsley|parsley]], [[Biology:Dill|dill]], and [[Biology:Fennel|fennel]] in the family [[Biology:Apiaceae|Apiaceae]]; ivy, ''[[Biology:Aralia|Aralia]]'' and ''[[Biology:Fatsia|Fatsia]]'' in the family [[Biology:Araliaceae|Araliaceae]]; and [[Biology:Onion|onion]] (''[[Biology:Allium|Allium]]'') in the family Alliaceae.

An umbel is a type of [[Biology:Inflorescence#Indeterminate or Racemose|indeterminate inflorescence]].<ref name= Beentje/><ref>
{{cite book
 |author1= Walters, D.R.
 |author2= Keil, D.J.
 |year= 1975
 |title= Vascular Plant Taxonomy
 |publisher= Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company
 |location= Dubuque  
}}
</ref>
A compressed [[Biology:Cyme (botany)|cyme]], which is a determinate inflorescence, is called '''umbelliform''' if it resembles an umbel.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Conioselinum pacificum 3573.JPG|Compound umbel of a hemlock-parsley, ''Conioselinum pacificum'' (Apiaceae)
File:Daucus carota May 2008-1 edit.jpg|Compound umbel of a wild carrot, ''[[Biology:Daucus carota|Daucus carota]]'' (Apiaceae)
File:Fatsia japonica1.jpg|Simple umbel of ''[[Biology:Fatsia|Fatsia japonica]]'' (Araliaceae)
File:Primula veris (inflorescense).jpg|Involucrate simple umbels of ''[[Biology:Primula veris|Primula veris]]''
File:Pelargonium zonale umbel.jpg|Umbel of a ''[[Biology:Pelargonium zonale|Pelargonium zonale]]''
File:Daucus carota (Queen Anne's lace) umbel down view.jpg|alt=Daucus carota (Queen Anne's lace) umbel down view|''[[Biology:Daucus carota|Daucus carota]]'' umbel down view
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=foc>{{eFloras|2|10052|volume=14|Apiaceae Lindley |author=Menglan She |author2=Fading Pu |author3=Zehui Pan |author4=Mark Watson |author5=John F. M. Cannon |author6=Ingrid Holmes-Smith |author7=Eugene V. Kljuykov |author8=Loy R. Phillippe |author9=Michael G. Pimenov |access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref>
}}

==Further reading==
*{{cite journal|last1=Hinderer|first1=Walter|last2=Noé|first2=Wolfgang|last3=Seitz|first3=Hanns Ulrich|title=Differentiation of metabolic pathways in the umbel of Daucus carota|journal=Phytochemistry|volume=22|issue=11|year=1983|pages=2417–2420|issn=0031-9422|doi=10.1016/0031-9422(83)80131-9}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Toben|first1=H.-M.|last2=Rudoph|first2=K|title=Pseudomonas syringae pv. coriandricola, Incitant of Bacterial Umbel Blight and Seed Decay of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Germany|journal=Journal of Phytopathology|volume=144|issue=4|year=1996|pages=169–178|issn=0931-1785|doi=10.1111/j.1439-0434.1996.tb01510.x}}
*{{cite journal|last1=Peterson|first1=L. E.|last2=Clark|first2=R. J.|last3=Menary|first3=R. C.|title=Umbel Initiation and Stem Elongation in Fennel(Foeniculum vulgare)Initiated by Photoperiod|journal=Journal of Essential Oil Research|volume=5|issue=1|year=1993|pages=37–43|issn=1041-2905|doi=10.1080/10412905.1993.9698168}}

{{botany}}

[[Category:Apiales]]
[[Category:Plant morphology]]



{{Sourceattribution|Umbel}}