View source for Biology:Urothoe

{{Short description|Genus of crustaceans}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Urothoe''
| image = Urothoe brevicornis.jpg 
| image_caption = ''Urothoe brevicornis''
| image2 = Urothoe elegans.jpg
| image2_caption = ''[[Biology:Urothoe elegans|Urothoe elegans]]''
| regnum = [[Biology:Animal|Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Biology:Arthropod|Arthropod]]a
| subphylum = [[Biology:Crustacean|Crustacea]]
| classis = [[Biology:Malacostraca|Malacostraca]]
| ordo = [[Biology:Amphipoda|Amphipoda]]
| subordo = [[Biology:Gammaridea|Gammaridea]]
| familia = [[Biology:Urothoidae|Urothoidae]]
| genus = '''''Urothoe'''''
| genus_authority = Dana, 1852 <ref name=WoRMS/>
| type_species = ''Urothoe irrostratus''
| type_species_authority = Dana, 1852
}}

'''''Urothoe''''' is a [[Biology:Genus|genus]] of very small marine [[Biology:Amphipoda|amphipod]] [[Biology:Crustacean|crustacean]]s in the family [[Biology:Urothoidae|Urothoidae]]. Members of the genus are found worldwide.

==Biology==
Urothods are {{convert|5|-|8|mm|1}} long and live on the sea bed or in shallow [[Biology:Burrow|burrow]]s in [[Earth:Gravel|gravel]]ly substrates or muddy sand. They can swim for short distances. They are vulnerable to [[Earth:Dredging|dredging]] but are able to recover afterwards and re-establish their burrows.<ref name=MMGTH>{{cite web |url=http://www.genustraithandbook.org.uk/genus/urothoe/ |work=Marine Macrofauna Genus Trait Handbook |title=''Urothoe'' |access-date=July 25, 2011}}</ref> They are [[Biology:Detritivore|deposit feeders]]<ref name=WoRMS>{{cite web |author=Jim Lowry |author2=Claude De Broyer |author3=Mark Costello |author4=Denise Bellan-Santini |name-list-style=amp |year=2011 |title=''Urothoe'' |editor=Jim Lowry |work=World Amphipoda database |publisher=[[Organization:World Register of Marine Species|World Register of Marine Species]] |url=http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=101789 |access-date=July 25, 2011}}</ref> and also selectively scrape [[Biology:Microorganism|microorganism]]s from grains of sand.<ref>{{cite thesis |author=Mercedes Diana Erdey |year=2000 |title=Macrobenthic trophic structure and species interactions within a future marine protected area (Belgian Coastal Banks) |degree=Master of Science |publisher=Szent István University |pages=1–159 |url=http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/98814.pdf }}</ref>

==Reproduction==
''Urothoe'' reaches [[Biology:Sexual maturity|sexual maturity]] at five months and may live for about a year. The sexes are distinct and breeding takes place in the summer months. Fertilisation is internal and there are about fifteen eggs per brood, produced in a cycle of about fifteen days. [[Philosophy:Fecundity|Fecundity]] is high and the [[Biology:Juvenile (organism)|juveniles]] grow fast but [[Biology:Biological dispersal|biological dispersal]] is very limited.<ref name=MMGTH/>

==Species==
''Urothoe'' contains the following species:<ref name=WoRMS/>
{{div col|colwidth=24em}}
*''Urothoe atlantica'' <small>Bellan-Santini & Menioui, 2004</small>
*''Urothoe bairdii'' <small>Bate, 1862</small>
*''Urothoe brevicornis'' <small>Bate, 1862</small>
*''Urothoe carda'' <small>Imbach, 1969</small>
*''Urothoe chosani'' <small>Hirayama, 1992</small>
*''Urothoe convexa'' <small>Kim & Kim, 1991</small>
*''Urothoe corsica'' <small>Bellan-Santini, 1965</small>
*''Urothoe coxalis'' <small>Griffiths, 1974</small>
*''Urothoe cuspis'' <small>Imbach, 1969</small>
*''Urothoe dentata'' <small>Schellenberg, 1925</small>
*''Urothoe denticulata'' <small>Gurjanova, 1951</small>
*''[[Biology:Urothoe elegans|Urothoe elegans]]'' <small>(Bate, 1857)</small>
*''Urothoe elizae'' <small>Cooper & Fincham, 1974</small>
*''Urothoe falcata'' <small>Schellenberg, 1931</small>
*''Urothoe femoralis'' <small>K. H. Barnard, 1955</small>
*''Urothoe gelasina'' <small>Imbach, 1969</small>
*''Urothoe grimaldii'' <small>Chevreux, 1895</small>
*''Urothoe hesperiae'' <small>Conradi, Lopez-Gonzalez & Bellan-Santini, 1997</small>
*''Urothoe intermedia'' <small>Bellan-Santini & Ruffo, 1986</small>
*''Urothoe irrostratus'' <small>Dana, 1852</small>
*''Urothoe latifrons'' <small>Ren, 1991</small>
*''[[Biology:Urothoe marina|Urothoe marina]]'' <small>(Bate, 1857)</small>
*''Urothoe marionis'' <small>Bellan-Santini & Ledoyer, 1987</small>
*''Urothoe oniscoides'' <small>(K. H. Barnard, 1932)</small>
*''Urothoe orientalis'' <small>Gurjanova, 1938</small>
*''Urothoe pestai'' <small>Spandl, 1923</small>
*''Urothoe pinnata'' <small>K. H. Barnard, 1955</small>
*''Urothoe platydactyla'' <small>Rabindranath, 1971</small>
*''Urothoe platypoda'' <small>Griffiths, 1974</small>
*''Urothoe poseidonis'' <small>Reibish, 1905</small>
*''Urothoe poucheti'' <small>Chevreux, 1888</small>
*''Urothoe pulchella'' <small>(Costa, 1853)</small>
*''Urothoe rotundifrons'' <small>J. L. Barnard, 1962</small>
*''Urothoe ruber'' <small>Giles, 1888</small>
*''Urothoe serrulidactylus'' <small>K. H Barnard, 1955</small>
*''Urothoe spinidigitata'' <small>Walker, 1904</small>
*''Urothoe tumorosa'' <small>Griffiths, 1974</small>
*''Urothoe varvarini'' <small>Gurjanova, 1953</small>
*''Urothoe vemae'' <small>J.L. Barnard, 1962</small>
*''Urothoe viswanathi'' <small>Asari, 1998</small>
*''Urothoe wellingtonensis'' <small>Cooper, 1974</small>
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist|32em}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3934377}}

[[Category:Gammaridea]]

{{Sourceattribution|Urothoe}}