View source for Chemistry:List of IARC Group 2B carcinogens

Substances, mixtures and exposure circumstances in this list have been classified by the [[Organization:International Agency for Research on Cancer|International Agency for Research on Cancer]] (IARC) as '''''Group 2B''': The agent (mixture) is "possibly carcinogenic to humans". The exposure circumstance entails exposures that are possibly carcinogenic to humans.'' This category is used for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which there is limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. It may also be used when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. In some instances, an agent, mixture or exposure circumstance for which there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans but limited evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals together with supporting evidence from other relevant data may be placed in this group. 
Further details can be found in the [http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Preamble/CurrentPreamble.pdf preamble to the IARC Monographs].

==Agents and groups of agents==
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===A===
*A-α-C (2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-''b'']indole)
*[[Chemistry:Acetaldehyde|Acetaldehyde]]
*[[Chemistry:Acetamide|Acetamide]]
*[[Chemistry:Acrylonitrile|Acrylonitrile]]
*[[Chemistry:Furylfuramide|AF-2]] (2-(2-Furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide)
*[[Chemistry:Aflatoxin|Aflatoxin]] M1
*1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone
*[[Chemistry:Aniline Yellow|''para''-Aminoazobenzene]]
*ortho-Aminoazotoluene
*2-Amino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole
*[[Chemistry:Amsacrine|Amsacrine]]
*ortho-Anisidine
*Anthraquinone
*[[Chemistry:Antimony trioxide|Antimony trioxide]]
*Aramite
*Auramine
*[[Chemistry:Azaserine|Azaserine]]
*[[Chemistry:Aziridine|Aziridine]]

===B===
*Benz[''j'']aceanthrylene
*[[Chemistry:Benz(a)anthracene|Benz[''a'']anthracene]]
*Benzo[''b'']fluoranthene
*[[Chemistry:Benzo(j)fluoranthene|Benzo[''j'']fluoranthene]]
*[[Chemistry:Benzo(k)fluoranthene|Benzo[''k'']fluoranthene]]
*[[Chemistry:Benzo(c)phenanthrene|Benzo[''c'']phenanthrene]]
*[[Chemistry:Benzophenone|Benzophenone]]
*[[Chemistry:Benzofuran|Benzofuran]]
*Benzyl violet 4B
*2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol
*BK polyomavirus (BKV)
*[[Chemistry:Bleomycin|Bleomycin]]
*[[Biology:Bracken|Bracken fern]]
*Bromochloroacetic acid
*[[Chemistry:Bromodichloromethane|Bromodichloromethane]]
*[[Chemistry:1-Bromopropane|1-Bromopropane]]
*[[Chemistry:Butylated hydroxyanisole|Butylated hydroxyanisole]]
*[[Chemistry:Β-Butyrolactone|β-Butyrolactone]]

===C===
*[[Chemistry:Caffeic acid|Caffeic acid]]
*[[Chemistry:Carbazole|Carbazole]]
*[[Chemistry:Carbon black|Carbon black]]
*[[Physics:Carbon nanotube|Carbon nanotube]]s, multi-walled MWCNT-7
*[[Chemistry:Carbon tetrachloride|Carbon tetrachloride]]
*[[Chemistry:Catechol|Catechol]]
*[[Chemistry:Chlordane|Chlordane]]
*[[Chemistry:Chlordecone|Chlordecone]] (Kepone)
*[[Chemistry:Chlorendic acid|Chlorendic acid]]
*[[Chemistry:4-Chloroaniline|''para''-Chloroaniline]]
*3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone
*[[Chemistry:Chloroform|Chloroform]]
*1-Chloro-2-methylpropene
*3-Chloro-2-methylpropene, technical grade
*[[Biology:Chlorophenoxy herbicide|Chlorophenoxy herbicide]]s
*4-Chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine
*[[Chemistry:Chloroprene|Chloroprene]]
*[[Chemistry:Chlorothalonil|Chlorothalonil]]
*[[Chemistry:Chrysene|Chrysene]]
*CI Acid Red 114
*CI Basic Red 9
*CI Direct Blue 15
*[[Chemistry:Citrus Red 2|Citrus Red No. 2]]
*[[Chemistry:Cobalt|Cobalt]] and [[Chemistry:List of inorganic compounds#Cobalt|cobalt compounds]] {{ref|1|1}}
*Cobalt sulfate and other soluble cobalt(II) salts
*[[Chemistry:Cocamide DEA|Coconut oil diethanolamine]] condensate
*[[Chemistry:Para-Cresidine|para-Cresidine]]
*[[Chemistry:Cumene|Cumene]]
*[[Chemistry:Cycasin|Cycasin]]

===D===
*[[Chemistry:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid|2,4-D]] (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)
*[[Chemistry:Dacarbazine|Dacarbazine]]
*[[Chemistry:Dantron|Dantron]] (Chrysazin, 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone)
*Daunomycin
*[[Chemistry:DDT|DDT]] (''p'',''p'''-DDT)
*N,N'-Diacetylbenzidine
*2,4-Diaminoanisole
*4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
*[[Chemistry:2,4-Diaminotoluene|2,4-Diaminotoluene]]
*Dibenz[''a,h'']acridine
*Dibenz[''c,h'']acridine
*7''H''-Dibenzo[''c,g'']carbazole
*Dibenzo[''a,e'']pyrene
*Dibenzo[''a,h'']pyrene
*Dibenzo[''a,i'']pyrene
*Dibromoacetic acid
*Dibromoacetonitrile
*[[Chemistry:1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane|1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane]]
*2,3-Dibromopropan-1-ol
*[[Chemistry:Dichloroacetic acid|Dichloroacetic acid]]
*para-Dichlorobenzene
*[[Chemistry:3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine|3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine]]
*3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether
*[[Chemistry:1,2-Dichloroethane|1,2-Dichloroethane]]
*[[Chemistry:1,3-Dichloropropene|1,3-Dichloropropene]] (technical grade)
*1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol
*[[Chemistry:Dichlorvos|Dichlorvos]]
*[[Chemistry:Diethanolamine|Diethanolamine]]
*Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
*1,2-Diethylhydrazine
*Diglycidyl resorcinol ether
*[[Chemistry:Digoxin|Digoxin]]
*Dihydrosafrole
*Diisopropyl sulfate
*3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine (''o''-Dianisidine)
*para-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
*''trans''-2-[(Dimethylamino)methylimino]-5-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-vinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole
*[[Chemistry:2,6-Xylidine|2,6-Xylidine]] (2,6-Dimethylaniline)
*Dimethylarsinic acid
*3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (''o''-Tolidine)
*1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
*Dimethyl-p-toluidine
*3,7-Dinitrofluoranthene
*3,9-Dinitrofluoranthene
*1,3-Dinitropyrene
*1,6-Dinitropyrene
*1,8-Dinitropyrene
*[[Chemistry:2,4-Dinitrotoluene|2,4-Dinitrotoluene]]
*2,6-Dinitrotoluene
*[[Chemistry:1,4-Dioxane|1,4-Dioxane]]
*Disperse Blue 1

===E===
*[[Chemistry:1,2-Epoxybutane|1,2-Epoxybutane]]
*[[Chemistry:Ethyl acrylate|Ethyl acrylate]]
*[[Chemistry:Ethylbenzene|Ethylbenzene]]
*Ethylene dichloride
*[[Chemistry:Ethyl methanesulfonate|Ethyl methanesulfonate]]

===F===
*Foreign bodies, implanted in tissues
::Polymeric, prepared as thin smooth films (with the exception of poly(glycolic acid))
::Metallic, prepared as thin smooth films
::Metallic cobalt, metallic nickel and an alloy powder containing 66-67% nickel, 13-16% chromium and 7% iron
*2-(2-Formylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole
*[[Chemistry:Fumonisin B1|Fumonisin B1]]
*[[Chemistry:Furan|Furan]]

===G===
*''[[Biology:Ginkgo biloba|Ginkgo biloba]]'' extract
*Glu-P-1 (2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-''a'':3',2'-''d'']imidazole)
*Glu-P-2 (2-Aminodipyrido[1,2-''a'':3',2'-''d'']imidazole)
*Glycidaldehyde
*[[Chemistry:Griseofulvin|Griseofulvin]]

===H===
*HC Blue No. 1
*[[Chemistry:Heptachlor|Heptachlor]]
*[[Chemistry:Hexachlorobenzene|Hexachlorobenzene]]
*[[Chemistry:Hexachloroethane|Hexachloroethane]]
*[[Biology:Hexachlorocyclohexane|Hexachlorocyclohexane]]s
*[[Chemistry:Hexamethylphosphoramide|Hexamethylphosphoramide]] (HMPA)
*2,4-Hexadienal
*Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (infection with)
*Human papillomavirus types 26, 53, 66, 67, 70, 73, 82
*Human papillomavirus types 30, 34, 69, 85, 97
*Human papillomavirus types 5 and 8 (in patients with [[Medicine:Epidermodysplasia verruciformis|epidermodysplasia verruciformis]])
*[[Chemistry:Hydrochlorothiazide|Hydrochlorothiazide]]
*1-Hydroxyanthraquinone
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===I===
*Indeno[1,2,3-''cd'']pyrene
*Iron-dextran complex
*[[Chemistry:Isoprene|Isoprene]]

===J===
*[[Biology:JC polyomavirus|JC polyomavirus]] (JCV)

===K===
*[[Biology:Kava|Kava]] extract

===L===
*Lasiocarpine
*[[Chemistry:Lead|Lead]]

===M===
*[[Physics:Magnetic field|Magnetic field]]s ([[Physics:Extremely low frequency|extremely low frequency]])
*MeA-α-C (2-Amino-3-methyl-9''H''-pyrido[2,3-''b'']indole)
*[[Biology:Medroxyprogesterone acetate|Medroxyprogesterone acetate]]
*MeIQ (2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-''f'']quinoline)
*MeIQx (2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-''f'']quinoxaline)
*Merphalan
*[[Chemistry:Methylarsonic acid|Methylarsonic acid]]
*2-Methylaziridine (Propyleneimine)
*[[Chemistry:Methylazoxymethanol acetate|Methylazoxymethanol acetate]]
*5-Methylchrysene
*4,4'-Methylene bis(2-methylaniline)
*[[Chemistry:4,4'-Methylenedianiline|4,4'-Methylenedianiline]]
*Methyleugenol
*[[Chemistry:2-Methylimidazole|2-Methylimidazole]]
*[[Chemistry:4-Methylimidazole|4-Methylimidazole]]
*[[Chemistry:Methyl isobutyl ketone|Methyl isobutyl ketone]]
*Methylmercury compounds {{ref|1|1}}
*2-Methyl-1-nitroanthraquinone (uncertain purity)
*N-Methyl-N-nitrosourethane
*[[Chemistry:Methylthiouracil|Methylthiouracil]]
*[[Chemistry:Alpha-Methylstyrene|α-Methylstyrene]]
*[[Chemistry:Metronidazole|Metronidazole]]
*Michler's base (4,4'-methylene-bis(''N'',''N''-dimethyl)benzenamine)
*[[Chemistry:Michler's ketone|Michler's ketone]] (4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone)
*[[Chemistry:Microcystin-LR|Microcystin-LR]]
*[[Chemistry:Mirex|Mirex]]
*[[Biology:Mitomycin C|Mitomycin C]]
*[[Chemistry:Mitoxantrone|Mitoxantrone]]
*3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD)
*Monocrotaline
*5-(Morpholinomethyl)-3-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-2-oxazolidinone

===N===
*[[Chemistry:Nafenopin|Nafenopin]]
*[[Chemistry:Naphthalene|Naphthalene]]
*[[Chemistry:Nickel|Nickel]], metallic and alloys
*[[Chemistry:Niridazole|Niridazole]]
*[[Chemistry:Nitrilotriacetic acid|Nitrilotriacetic acid]] and its salts {{ref|1|1}}
*5-Nitroacenaphthene
*2-Nitroanisole
*[[Chemistry:3-Nitrobenzanthrone|3-Nitrobenzanthrone]]
*[[Chemistry:Nitrobenzene|Nitrobenzene]]
*[[Chemistry:Nitrofen|Nitrofen]] (technical-grade)
*[[Chemistry:2-Nitrofluorene|2-Nitrofluorene]]
*1-[(5-Nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-2-imidazolidinone
*''N''-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide
*Nitrogen mustard ''N''-oxide
*[[Chemistry:Nitromethane|Nitromethane]]
*[[Chemistry:2-Nitropropane|2-Nitropropane]]
*4-Nitropyrene
*N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
*N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
*N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
*3-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)propionitrile
*N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
*N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
*[[Chemistry:N-Nitrosomorpholine|N-Nitrosomorpholine]]
*N-Nitrosopiperidine
*N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
*N-Nitrososarcosine

===O===
*[[Chemistry:Ochratoxin A|Ochratoxin A]]
*Oil Orange SS
*[[Chemistry:Oxazepam|Oxazepam]]

===P===
*[[Chemistry:Palygorskite|Palygorskite]] (attapulgite)  (long fibres, >5&nbsp;µm)
*Panfuran S (containing dihydroxymethylfuratrizine)
*[[Chemistry:Parathion|Parathion]]
*Pentosan polysulfate sodium
*[[Chemistry:Perfluorooctanoic acid|Perfluorooctanoic acid]]
*Phenazopyridine hydrochloride
*[[Chemistry:Phenobarbital|Phenobarbital]]
*[[Chemistry:Phenolphthalein|Phenolphthalein]]
*Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride
*Phenyl glycidyl ether
*[[Chemistry:Phenytoin|Phenytoin]]
*PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine)
*Polychlorophenols and their sodium salts (mixed exposures)
*Ponceau MX
*Ponceau 3R
*[[Chemistry:Potassium bromate|Potassium bromate]]
*[[Chemistry:Primidone|Primidone]]
*[[Chemistry:Progestin|Progestin]]s
*Progestogen-only contraceptives
*[[Chemistry:Beta-Propiolactone|β-Propiolactone]]
*[[Chemistry:Propylene oxide|Propylene oxide]]
*[[Chemistry:Propylthiouracil|Propylthiouracil]]
*[[Chemistry:Pulegone|Pulegone]]

===R===
*[[Radio wave|Radiofrequency]] [[Physics:Electromagnetic field|electromagnetic field]]s, such as, but not limited to, those associated with [[Engineering:Mobile phone|wireless phones]]<ref>[http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2011/pdfs/pr208_E.pdf Press release No 208, 31 May 2011], IARC classifies Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans</ref>
*Refractory ceramic fibres
*[[Chemistry:Riddelliine|Riddelliine]]

===S===
*[[Chemistry:Safrole|Safrole]]
*''[[Biology:Schistosoma japonicum|Schistosoma japonicum]]'' (infection with)
*[[Chemistry:Silicon carbide|Silicon carbide]], fibrous
*[[Chemistry:Sodium orthophenyl phenol|Sodium ''ortho''-phenylphenate]]
*Special-purpose fibres such as E-glass and '475' glass fibres
*[[Chemistry:Sterigmatocystin|Sterigmatocystin]]
*[[Chemistry:Streptozotocin|Streptozotocin]]
*[[Chemistry:Styrene|Styrene]]
*[[Chemistry:Sulfasalazine|Sulfasalazine]]
*Sulfallate

===T===
*[[Chemistry:1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane|1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane]]
*[[Chemistry:1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane|1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane]]
*[[Chemistry:Tetrachlorvinphos|Tetrachlorvinphos]]
*[[Chemistry:Tetranitromethane|Tetranitromethane]]
*[[Chemistry:Thioacetamide|Thioacetamide]]
*[[Chemistry:4,4'-Thiodianiline|4,4'-Thiodianiline]]
*[[Chemistry:Thiouracil|Thiouracil]]
*[[Chemistry:Titanium dioxide|Titanium dioxide]]
*[[Chemistry:Toluene diisocyanate|Toluene diisocyanate]]s
*[[Chemistry:Toxaphene|Toxaphene]] (Polychlorinated camphenes)
*[[Chemistry:Triamterene|Triamterene]]
*Trichlormethine (Trimustine hydrochloride)
*[[Chemistry:Trichloroacetic acid|Trichloroacetic acid]]
*Trp-P-1 (3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5''H''-pyrido[4,3-''b'']indole)
*Trp-P-2 (3-Amino-1-methyl-5''H''-pyrido[4,3-''b'']indole)
*[[Chemistry:Trypan blue|Trypan blue]]

===U===
*Uracil mustard

===V===
*[[Chemistry:Vanadium pentoxide|Vanadium pentoxide]]
*[[Chemistry:Vinyl acetate|Vinyl acetate]]
*[[Chemistry:4-Vinylcyclohexene|4-Vinylcyclohexene]]
*4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide

===Z===
*[[Chemistry:Zalcitabine|Zalcitabine]]
*[[Chemistry:Zidovudine|Zidovudine]] (AZT)
}}

==Mixtures==
*''[[Biology:Aloe vera|Aloe vera]]'', whole leaf extract
*[[Chemistry:Bitumen|Bitumen]]s, occupational exposure to straight-run bitumens and their emissions during road paving
*[[Chemistry:Bitumen|Bitumen]]s, occupational exposure to hard bitumens and their emissions during mastic asphalt work
*[[Chemistry:Carrageenan|Carrageenan]], degraded ([[Chemistry:Poligeenan|Poligeenan]])
*[[Chemistry:Chlorinated paraffins|Chlorinated paraffins]] of average carbon chain length C<sub>12</sub> and average degree of chlorination approximately 60%
*[[Chemistry:Diesel fuel|Diesel fuel]], marine
*Engine exhaust, [[Chemistry:Gasoline|gasoline]]
*[[Chemistry:Fuel oil|Fuel oil]]s, residual (heavy)
*''Fusarium moniliforme'', toxins derived from ([[Chemistry:Fumonisin B1|fumonisin B<sub>1</sub>]], [[Chemistry:Fumonisin B2|fumonisin B<sub>2</sub>]], and fusarin C)
*[[Chemistry:Gasoline|Gasoline]]
*[[Biology:Goldenseal|Goldenseal]] root powder
*Magenta dyes (CI Basic Red and fuchins)
*Pickled vegetables (traditional in Asia)
*[[Chemistry:Toxaphene|Toxaphene]] (Polychlorinated camphenes)
*[[Chemistry:Welding|Welding]] fumes

==Exposure circumstances==
*[[Engineering:Carpentry|Carpentry]] and joinery
*[[Chemistry:Cobalt|Cobalt]] metal without [[Chemistry:Tungsten carbide|tungsten carbide]]
*Dry cleaning (occupational exposure in)
*Firefighter (occupational exposure as)
*Printing processes (occupational exposure as)
*[[Chemistry:Talc|Talc]]-based body powders (perineal use of)
*Textile manufacturing industry (work in)

==Notes==
*{{note|1|1}} Evaluated as a group.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/index.php Description of the list of classifications], [[Organization:International Agency for Research on Cancer|IARC]]
** [http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/latest_classif.php List of classifications] (latest version)
<!-- ** [http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/ClassificationsGroupOrder.pdf Agents Classified], (last updated on 7 April 2015) (((old version of the same thing from the previous link, so hide it))) -->
** [http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Classification/Table4.pdf List of classifications by cancer site] (last updated on 5 November 2015)

{{Carcinogen}}

[[Category:Carcinogens|*]]
[[Category:IARC Group 2B carcinogens| ]]

ja:IARC発がん性リスク一覧

{{Sourceattribution|List of IARC Group 2B carcinogens|1}}