View source for Chemistry:Traité Élémentaire de Chimie

{{short description|Book by Antoine Lavoisier}}
{{Infobox book
| name              = Traité élémentaire de chimie
| translator        = Robert Kerr
| image             = Lavoisier-7.jpg
| caption           = 
| author            = [[Biography:Antoine Lavoisier|Antoine Lavoisier]]
| illustrator       = 
| cover_artist      = 
| country           = France
| language          = French
| series            = 
| genre             = Textbook<br />[[Science]]
| publisher         = 
| release_date      = 1789
| english_release_date = 1790
| media_type        = 
| pages             = 
| isbn              = 
}}
[[File:Traité élémentaire de chimie - Lavoisier - Tom. I Pl. IV Fig. 2.jpg|thumb|A diagram from the book]]
'''''Traité élémentaire de chimie''''' ('''''Elementary Treatise on Chemistry''''') is a textbook written by [[Biography:Antoine Lavoisier|Antoine Lavoisier]] published in 1789 and translated into English by Robert Kerr in 1790 under the title '''''Elements of Chemistry in a New Systematic Order containing All the Modern Discoveries'''''.<ref>See {{Citation |last=Lavoisier |first=Antoine  |year=1789 |title=Traité Élémentaire de Chimie, présenté dans un ordre nouveau, et d'après des découvertes modernes  |edition=1 |publisher= Cuchet, Libraire |publication-place= Paris |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8615746s/f15.image.r=.langEN |access-date=2012-04-15}} via [http://gallica.bnf.fr/  Gallica]</ref><ref>See {{harvnb|Lavoisier|1790}}</ref> It is considered to be the first modern chemical textbook.<ref>{{cite web|title=American Chemical Society International Historic Chemical Landmarks. Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier: The Chemical Revolution.
|url=http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/lavoisier.html|website=[[Organization:American Chemical Society|American Chemical Society]]|access-date=June 11, 2014}}</ref>

The book defines an element as a single substance that can't be broken down by chemical analysis and from which all chemical compounds are formed, publishing his discovery that fermentation produces carbon dioxide (carbonic gas) and spirit of wine, saying that it is "more appropriately called by the Arabic word alcohol since it is formed from cider or fermented sugar as well as wine", and publishing the first chemical equation "grape must = carbonic acid + alcohol", calling [[Chemistry:Chemical affinity|this reaction]] "one of the most extraordinary in chemistry", noting "In these experiments, we have to assume that there is a true balance or equation between the elements of the compounds with which we start and those obtained at the end of the [[Chemistry:Chemical reaction|chemical reaction]]."<ref>[http://www.microbiologyresearch.org/docserver/fulltext/micro/149/3/557.pdf?expires=1470341618&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=630393AC739C14F4DD4BB08E0A927125  'Beginnings of microbiology and biochemistry: the contribution of yeast research' by James A. Barnett (2003)]</ref>

The book contains 33 elements, only 23 of which are elements in the modern sense.<ref name="HollemanWiberg2001">{{cite book|last1=Holleman|first1=A. F.|last2=Wiberg|first2=Egon|last3=Wiberg|first3=Nils|title=Inorganic Chemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mtth5g59dEIC&pg=PA17|year=2001|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=978-0-12-352651-9|page=17}}</ref> The elements given by Lavoisier are: [[Physics:Light|light]], [[Physics:Caloric theory|caloric]], [[Chemistry:Oxygen|oxygen]], azote ([[Chemistry:Nitrogen|nitrogen]]), [[Chemistry:Hydrogen|hydrogen]], sulphur, phosphorous ([[Chemistry:Phosphorus|phosphorus]]), [[Chemistry:Charcoal|charcoal]], muriatic radical ([[Chemistry:Chloride|chloride]]), fluoric radical ([[Chemistry:Fluoride|fluoride]]), boracic radical, [[Chemistry:Antimony|antimony]], [[Chemistry:Arsenic|arsenic]], [[Chemistry:Bismuth|bismuth]], [[Chemistry:Cobalt|cobalt]], [[Chemistry:Copper|copper]], [[Chemistry:Gold|gold]], [[Chemistry:Iron|iron]], [[Chemistry:Lead|lead]], [[Chemistry:Manganese|manganese]], [[Chemistry:Mercury (element)|mercury]], molybdena ([[Chemistry:Molybdenite|molybdenite]]), [[Chemistry:Nickel|nickel]], platina ([[Chemistry:Platinum|platinum]]), [[Chemistry:Silver|silver]], [[Chemistry:Tin|tin]], {{not a typo|tungstein}} ([[Chemistry:Tungsten|tungsten]]), [[Chemistry:Zinc|zinc]], [[Chemistry:Lime (material)|lime]], magnesia ([[Chemistry:Magnesium|magnesium]]), barytes ([[Chemistry:Baryte|baryte]]), {{not a typo|argill}} ([[Earth:Clay|clay]] or earth of [[Chemistry:Alum|alum]]), and [[Physics:Silex|silex]].{{sfn|Lavoisier|1790|pp=175–176}}

The law of [[Physics:Conservation of mass|conservation of mass]], which in France is taught as Lavoisier's Law, is paraphrased in the phrase ''"Rien ne se perd, rien ne se crée, tout se transforme."'' ("Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed.")<gallery>
File:Lavoisier-5.jpg|Volumes I-III of "Traité élémentaire de Chimie" (1789)
File:Lavoisier-8.jpg|Discours préliminaire to volume I of "Traité élémentaire de Chimie" (1789)
File:Lavoisier-10.jpg|Table of contents to volume I of "Traité élémentaire de Chimie" (1789)
File:Lavoisier-9.jpg|First page of volume I of "Traité élémentaire de Chimie" (1789)
</gallery>

==See also==
*''[[Chemistry:The Sceptical Chymist|The Sceptical Chymist]]'' by [[Biography:Robert Boyle|Robert Boyle]]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

===Works cited===
*{{Citation |last=Lavoisier |first=Antoine |year=1790 |title= Elements of Chemistry in New Systematic Order, Containing All Modern Discoveries, Illustrated with 13 Copperplates, translated from the French by Robert Kerr |edition=1 |publisher= William Creech |publication-place= Edinburgh|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=4B8UAAAAQAAJ&dq=editions%3A__o3stkbE5EC&pg=PR3|access-date=2012-04-15}}

==External links==
*[https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30775 English translation] on [[Project Gutenberg]]
*[https://archive.org/details/elementsofchemis0000lavo Internet Archive version of a 1965 reprint]
*[[:File:Lavoisier - Traité élémentaire de chimie.djvu|''Traité élémentaire de chimie'' from Wikimedia Commons]]
*Title page, woodcuts, and copperplate engravings by Madame Lavoisier from a 1789 first edition of ''[https://digital.sciencehistory.org/works/v979v4270 Traité élémentaire de chimie]'' (all images freely available for download in a variety of formats from [[Organization:Science History Institute|Science History Institute]] Digital Collections at [https://digital.sciencehistory.org/ digital.sciencehistory.org].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Traite Elementaire De Chimie}}
[[Category:Chemistry books]]

{{Sourceattribution|Traité Élémentaire de Chimie}}