View source for Company:Intel

{{Short description|American multinational technology company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Intel Corporation
| logo = Intel logo 2023.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| logo_caption = Logo since 2022
| image = 2200 Mission College Boulevard.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = Headquarters in Santa Clara, California, in 2023
| type = [[Finance:Public company|Public]]
| trade_name = Intel
| traded_as = {{unbulleted list|{{NASDAQ|INTC}}|Nasdaq-100 component|DJIA component|S&P 100 component|S&P 500 component}}
| founders = {{ubl|Gordon Moore|[[Biography:Robert Noyce|Robert Noyce]]|Arthur Rock}}
| hq_location_city = Santa Clara, California
| hq_location_country = U.S.<br/>
{{Coord|37|23|16|N|121|57|49|W|type:landmarkregion:US-CA|display=title,inline}}
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = Frank D. Yeary (chairman)<br/>Pat Gelsinger (CEO)
| industry = {{ubl|[[Engineering:Semiconductor industry|Semiconductors]]|[[Computer hardware]]|Autonomous cars|[[Engineering:Automation|Automation]]|[[Artificial intelligence]]}}
| products = {{Plain list|
* [[Central processing unit]]s
* [[Engineering:Microprocessor|Microprocessor]]s
* [[Graphics processing unit|Integrated graphics processing units]] (iGPUs)
* [[Graphics processing unit]]s
* System-on-a-chips (SoCs)
* [[Engineering:Motherboard|Motherboard]] [[Engineering:Chipset|chipset]]s
* [[Engineering:Network interface controller|Network interface controller]]s
* [[Modem]]s
* [[Solid-state drive]]s
* [[Wi-Fi]] and [[Bluetooth]] [[Engineering:Chipset|chipset]]s
* [[Flash memory]]
* [[Engineering:Vehicular automation|Vehicle automation]] sensors
}}
| revenue = {{Decrease}} {{US$|54.23 billion|link=yes}} (2023)
| operating_income = {{Decrease}} {{US$|93 million}} (2023)
| net_income = {{Decrease}} {{US$|1.68 billion}} (2023)
| assets = {{Increase}} {{US$|191.6 billion}} (2023)
| equity = {{Increase}} {{US$|109.9 billion}} (2023)
| num_employees = 124,800
| num_employees_year = 2023
| subsid = {{Plain list|
* [[Company:Mobileye|Mobileye]] (94.2%)
* Intel Ireland
}}
| founded = {{start date and age|1968|7|18}}
| former_name = NM Electronics/<br/>MN Electronics (1968)
| website = {{URL|https://www.intel.com/|intel.com}}
| footnotes = <ref name="xbrlus_1">{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/ixviewer/ix.html?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/50863/000005086324000010/intc-20231230.htm|title=Intel Corporation 2023 Annual Report (Form 10-K) |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission |date=January 26, 2023}}</ref><ref name=Mobileye-S1>{{cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1910139/000110465922109469/tm227410-19_s1a.htm |title=Mobileye Global Inc. Form S1/A |date=October 18, 2022 |publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission}}</ref>
}}

'''Intel Corporation''' is an American [[Finance:Multinational corporation|multinational corporation]] and [[Finance:Technology company|technology company]] headquartered in Santa Clara, California. It is one of the world's largest [[Engineering:Integrated circuit|semiconductor chip]] manufacturers by revenue.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vanian |first1=Jonathan |title=Samsung Dethrones Intel As World's Biggest Chip Maker |url=http://fortune.com/2017/07/27/samsung-intel-chip-semiconductor/ |work=Fortune}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.corporate-ir.net/media_files/irol/10/101302/2007annualReport/common/pdfs/intel_2007ar.pdf |title=Intel 2007 Annual Report |publisher=Intel |year=2007 |access-date=July 6, 2011}}</ref> Intel supplies [[Engineering:Microprocessor|microprocessor]]s for most manufacturers of computer systems, and is one of the developers of the [[X86|x86]] series of instruction sets found in most [[Engineering:Personal computer|personal computer]]s (PCs). Intel also manufactures [[Engineering:Chipset|chipset]]s, [[Engineering:Network interface controller|network interface controller]]s, [[Flash memory|flash memory]], [[Graphics processing unit|graphics processing unit]]s (GPUs), [[Engineering:Field-programmable gate array|field-programmable gate arrays]] (FPGAs), and other devices related to communications and computing.

Intel ranked No. 45 in the 2020 {{wipe|Fortune 500}} list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue for nearly a decade, from 2007 to 2016 fiscal years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/ |title=Fortune 500 Companies 2018: Who Made the List |website=Fortune |language=en-US |df=mdy-all |access-date=2018-11-10 |archive-date=November 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110190356/http://fortune.com/fortune500/list/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Intel (''Int''egrated ''el''ectronics) was founded on July 18, 1968, by semiconductor pioneers Gordon Moore (of [[Moore's law]]), [[Biography:Robert Noyce|Robert Noyce]] and Arthur Rock, and is associated with the executive leadership and vision of Andrew Grove.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanford |first=Law School |date=2020 |title=INTEL CORP $2, 500,000 CONVERTIBLE DEBENTURES |url=https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Intel-Convertible-Note-220920.pdf }}</ref> Intel was a key component of the rise of Silicon Valley as a high-tech center, as well as being an early developer of [[Static random-access memory|SRAM]] and [[Dynamic random-access memory|DRAM]] memory chips, which represented the majority of its business until 1981. Although Intel created the world's first commercial microprocessor chip in 1971, it was not until the success of the PC in the early 1990s that this became its primary business.

During the 1990s, Intel invested heavily in new microprocessor designs fostering the rapid growth of the [[Engineering:Information technology|computer industry]]. During this period, Intel became the [[Finance:Dominance (economics)|dominant]] supplier of PC microprocessors and was known for aggressive and anti-competitive tactics in defense of its market position, particularly against [[Engineering:AMD|AMD]], as well as a struggle with [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]] for control over the direction of the PC industry.<ref name="CNET September 23, 1998">{{cite web|first=Dan |last=Goodin |title=Microsoft's holy war on Java |date=September 23, 1998 |website=CNET |url=http://news.cnet.com/2009-1001-215854.html |access-date=November 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116214907/http://news.cnet.com/2009-1001-215854.html |archive-date=January 16, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="BBC December 14, 1998">{{cite news |author-last=Lea |author-first=Graham |title=USA versus Microsoft: the fourth week |date=December 14, 1998 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/04/98/microsoft/215645.stm |work=BBC News |access-date=January 7, 2008}}</ref>

The Open Source Technology Center at Intel hosts [[Software:PowerTOP|PowerTOP]] and [[Software:LatencyTOP|LatencyTOP]], and supports other open source projects such as [[Software:Wayland (protocol)|Wayland]], [[Software:Mesa (computer graphics)|Mesa]], [[Software:Threading Building Blocks|Threading Building Blocks]] (TBB), and [[Software:Xen|Xen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://01.org/about/what-01.org|title=What is 01.org?|work=01.org|date=July 13, 2012}}</ref>

Intel is incorporated in Delaware under [[Company:Delaware General Corporation Law|Delaware General Corporation Law]].<ref>{{cite web |title=10-K |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/50863/5086319000007/0000050863-19-000007-index.htm |access-date=June 1, 2019 |publisher=10-K |ref={{harvid|10-K|2018}}}}</ref>

==Current operations==
===Operating segments===
* '''Client Computing Group'''{{snd}}51.8% of 2020 revenues{{snd}}produces [[Central processing unit|PC processors]] and related components.<ref name=":2">{{cite web|title=Operating Segments|url=https://www.intc.com/segments |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-01-28|website=Intel Corporation|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2017/12/24/what-is-the-intel-client-computing-group-ccg.aspx|title=What Is the Intel Client Computing Group (CCG)?|first=Ashraf|last=Eassa|date=December 24, 2017|website=The Motley Fool}}</ref>
* '''Data Center Group'''{{snd}}33.7% of 2020 revenues{{snd}}produces hardware components used in server, network, and storage platforms.<ref name=":2" />
* '''Internet of Things Group'''{{snd}}5.2% of 2020 revenues{{snd}}offers platforms designed for retail, transportation, industrial, buildings and home use.<ref name=":2" />
* '''Programmable Solutions Group'''{{snd}}2.4% of 2020 revenues{{snd}}manufactures programmable semiconductors (primarily FPGAs).<ref name=":2" />

===Customers===
In 2023, [[Company:Dell|Dell]] accounted for about 19% of Intel's total revenues, [[Company:Lenovo|Lenovo]] accounted for 11% of total revenues, and [[Company:HP Inc.|HP Inc.]] accounted for 10% of total revenues.<ref name="xbrlus_1" /> As of August 2021, the US Department of Defense is another large customer for Intel.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel Wins US Government Project to Develop Leading-Edge Foundry...|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/intel-wins-us-project-develop-foundry-ecosystem.html|access-date=2021-11-10|website=Intel|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-08-23|title=Intel Wins US Government Project to Develop Leading-Edge Foundry Ecosystem|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210823005117/en/Intel-Wins-US-Government-Project-to-Develop-Leading-Edge-Foundry-Ecosystem|access-date=2021-11-10|website=www.businesswire.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Sebastian|first=Dave|date=2021-08-23|title=Intel Lands Pentagon Deal to Support Domestic Chip Making|language=en-US|work={{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}}|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-wins-defense-department-award-for-domestic-chip-making-11629726220|access-date=2021-11-10|issn=0099-9660}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Intel pressures the U.S. government to help subsidize chip manufacturing|url=https://news.yahoo.com/intel-pressures-u-government-help-000630446.html|access-date=2021-11-10|website=news.yahoo.com|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Market share===
According to [[Company:International Data Corporation|IDC]], while Intel enjoyed the biggest market share in both the overall worldwide PC microprocessor market (73.3%) and the mobile PC microprocessor (80.4%) in the second quarter of 2011, the numbers decreased by 1.5% and 1.9% compared to the first quarter of 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine|author=Dylan McGrath|magazine=EE Times|url=https://www.eetimes.com/IDC-cuts-PC-microprocessor-forecast/|title=IDC cuts PC microprocessor forecast|date=August 2, 2011|access-date=October 25, 2022}}</ref><ref>Agam Shah, IDG News. [http://www.pcworld.com/article/237068/idc_reduces_yearly_processor_shipment_growth_forecast.html "IDC Reduces Yearly Processor Shipment Growth Forecast"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929170732/http://www.pcworld.com/article/237068/idc_reduces_yearly_processor_shipment_growth_forecast.html |date=September 29, 2011 }}. August 1, 2011. Retrieved August 2, 2011.</ref>

Intel's market share decreased significantly in the enthusiast market as of 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gamersnexus.net/guides/3542-gn-special-report-intel-vs-amd-sales-volume|title=GN Special Report: Intel vs. AMD Volume – AMD Moves 93% of CPU Sales to GN Readers|last=Burke|first=Steve|website=www.gamersnexus.net |df=mdy-all|access-date=2019-12-14}}</ref> and they have faced delays for their 10&nbsp;nm products. According to former Intel CEO Bob Swan, the delay was caused by the company's overly aggressive strategy for moving to its next node.<ref name=":4">{{cite news|url=https://www.extremetech.com/computing/295159-intel-acknowledges-its-long-10nm-delay-caused-by-being-too-aggressive|title=Intel Acknowledges It Was 'Too Aggressive' With Its 10nm Plans – ExtremeTech|newspaper=Extremetech |date=July 18, 2019 |df=mdy-all|access-date=2019-12-14|last1=Hruska |first1=Joel }}</ref>

====Historical market share====
In the 1980s, Intel was among the world's top ten sellers of semiconductors (10th in 1987). Along with [[Software:Microsoft Windows|Microsoft Windows]], it was part of the "[[Wintel]]" personal computer domination in the 1990s and early 2000s. In 1992, Intel became the biggest chip maker by revenue and held the position until 2018 when [[Company:Samsung Electronics|Samsung]] surpassed it, but Intel returned to its former position the year after.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Intel|title=Intel Timeline: A History of Innovation|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/historic-timeline.html|website=Intel|access-date=July 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/intel-retook-semiconductor-top-spot-from-samsung-in-2019/|title=Intel retook semiconductor top spot from Samsung in 2019|first=Cho|last=Mu-Hyun|website=ZDNet}}</ref> Other major semiconductor companies include [[Company:TSMC|TSMC]], [[Company:GlobalFoundries|GlobalFoundries]], [[Company:Texas Instruments|Texas Instruments]], [[Company:Toshiba|Toshiba]], [[Company:STMicroelectronics|STMicroelectronics]], [[Company:United Microelectronics Corporation|United Microelectronics Corporation]] (UMC), [[Company:Micron Technology|Micron]], [[Company:SK Hynix|SK Hynix]], [[Company:Kioxia|Kioxia]], and [[Company:Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation|SMIC]].

===Major competitors===
Intel's competitors in PC chipsets included [[Engineering:AMD|AMD]], [[Company:VIA Technologies|VIA Technologies]], [[Company:Silicon Integrated Systems|Silicon Integrated Systems]], and [[Company:Nvidia|Nvidia]]. Intel's competitors in networking include NXP Semiconductors, Infineon,{{update inline|infineon sold networking division to intel|date=February 2021}} Broadcom Limited, [[Company:Marvell Technology Group|Marvell Technology Group]] and [[Company:Applied Micro Circuits Corporation|Applied Micro Circuits Corporation]], and competitors in flash memory included [[Company:Spansion|Spansion]], Samsung Electronics, [[Company:Qimonda|Qimonda]], Kioxia, STMicroelectronics, [[Company:Micron Technology|Micron]], and [[Company:SK Hynix|SK Hynix]].

The only major competitor in the [[X86|x86]] processor market is AMD, with which Intel has had full cross-licensing agreements since 1976: each partner can use the other's patented technological innovations without charge after a certain time.<ref name="Intel-AMD deal 2001">{{cite news |first=Ian |last=Fried |title=Intel, AMD sign new licensing deal |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/intel-amd-sign-new-licensing-deal/ |publisher=CNet |access-date=July 28, 2007 |date=April 4, 2001}}</ref> However, the cross-licensing agreement is canceled in the event of an AMD bankruptcy or takeover.<ref name="Patent Cross License Agreement">{{cite news|title=Patent Cross License Agreement – Advanced Micro Devices Inc. and Intel Corp. |publisher=Findlaws, Inc |url=http://contracts.corporate.findlaw.com/agreements/amd/intel.license.2001.01.01.html |access-date=September 15, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621084244/http://contracts.corporate.findlaw.com/agreements/amd/intel.license.2001.01.01.html |archive-date=June 21, 2007}}</ref>

Some smaller competitors, such as VIA Technologies, produce [[Physics:Low-power electronics|low-power]] x86 processors for small factor computers and portable equipment. However, the advent of such mobile computing devices, in particular, [[Engineering:Smartphone|smartphone]]s, has in recent years led to [[Finance:Post-PC era|a decline in PC sales]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Lohr|first=Steve|title=Intel's Profit Falls 25% With Decline in Chip Sales|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/17/technology/intel-profits-fall-as-pc-slump-cuts-demand-for-chips.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/17/technology/intel-profits-fall-as-pc-slump-cuts-demand-for-chips.html |archive-date=2022-01-03 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|access-date=April 17, 2013|date=April 16, 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Since over 95% of the world's smartphones currently use processors cores designed by [[Company:Arm|Arm]], using the [[ARM architecture family|Arm instruction set]], Arm has become a major competitor for Intel's processor market. Arm is also planning to make attempts at setting foot into the PC and server market, with [[Company:Ampere Computing|Ampere]] and [[Company:IBM|IBM]] each individually designing CPUs for servers and [[Supercomputer|supercomputer]]s.<ref>{{cite web|last=Morgan|first=Timothy|title=Why Are We Still Waiting For ARM Servers?|url=http://www.nextplatform.com/2015/10/06/why-are-we-still-waiting-for-arm-servers/|date=October 6, 2015}}</ref> The only other major competitor in processor instruction sets is [[Engineering:RISC-V|RISC-V]], which is an [[Open-source software|open source]] CPU instruction set. The major Chinese phone and telecommunications manufacturer [[Company:Huawei|Huawei]] has released chips based on the RISC-V instruction set due to US sanctions.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nellis |first1=Stephen |last2=Cherney |first2=Max |title=RISC-V technology emerges as battleground in US-China tech war |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/us-china-tech-war-risc-v-chip-technology-emerges-new-battleground-2023-10-06/ |access-date=17 December 2023 |publisher={{wipe|Reuters}} |date=7 October 2023}}</ref>

Intel has been involved in several disputes regarding the violation of antitrust laws, which are noted below.

===Carbon footprint===
Intel reported total [[Earth:Carbon footprint|CO2e emissions]] (direct + indirect) for the twelve months ending December 31, 2020, at 2,882 Kt (+94/+3.4% y-o-y).<ref name="Intel Total CO2e emissions for 2020Q4">{{cite web |title=Intel's Sustainability Report for 2020Q4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623172144/http://csrreportbuilder.intel.com/pdfbuilder/pdfs/CSR-2020-21-Full-Report.pdf |url=http://csrreportbuilder.intel.com/pdfbuilder/pdfs/CSR-2020-21-Full-Report.pdf|archive-date=June 23, 2021 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/5f689e991e75e00001f7755b/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Market-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2020Q4/12 Alt URL]</ref> Intel plans to reduce carbon emissions 10% by 2030 from a 2020 base year.<ref>{{cite web |title=Intel's Sustainability Report for 2020Q4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623172144/http://csrreportbuilder.intel.com/pdfbuilder/pdfs/CSR-2020-21-Full-Report.pdf |url=http://csrreportbuilder.intel.com/pdfbuilder/pdfs/CSR-2020-21-Full-Report.pdf|archive-date=June 23, 2021 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/5f689e991e75e00001f7755b/Climate%20Goal/2020Q4 Alt URL]</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Intel's annual total CO2e emissions (direct + indirect) in kilotonnes
|-
! Dec. 2017 !! Dec. 2018 !! Dec. 2019 !! Dec. 2020
! Dec. 2021
|-
| 2,461<ref>{{cite web |title=Intel's Sustainability Report for 2017Q4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709121131/http://csrreportbuilder.intel.com/PDFfiles/archived_reports/Intel-2017-CSR-Report.pdf |url=http://csrreportbuilder.intel.com/PDFfiles/archived_reports/Intel-2017-CSR-Report.pdf|archive-date=July 9, 2021 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/5f689e991e75e00001f7755b/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Market-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2017Q4/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 2,578<ref>{{cite web |title=Intel's Sustainability Report for 2018Q4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709121614/http://csrreportbuilder.intel.com/PDFfiles/archived_reports/Intel-2018-CSR-Report.pdf |url=http://csrreportbuilder.intel.com/PDFfiles/archived_reports/Intel-2018-CSR-Report.pdf|archive-date=July 9, 2021 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/5f689e991e75e00001f7755b/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Market-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2018Q4/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 2,788<ref>{{cite web |title=Intel's Sustainability Report for 2019Q4 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717021830/http://csrreportbuilder.intel.com/PDFfiles/archived_reports/Intel-2019-20-CSR-Report.pdf |url=http://csrreportbuilder.intel.com/PDFfiles/archived_reports/Intel-2019-20-CSR-Report.pdf|archive-date=July 17, 2021 }} [https://analytics.exerica.com/App/Name/5f689e991e75e00001f7755b/Total%20CO2e%20Emissions%20-%20Market-Based%20Scope%201%20%2b%20Scope%202/2019Q4/12 Alt URL]</ref> || 2,882<ref name="Intel Total CO2e emissions for 2020Q4"/>
|3,274<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel's Sustainability Report for 2021Q4 |url=http://csrreportbuilder.intel.com/pdfbuilder/pdfs/CSR-2021-22-Full-Report.pdf |access-date=29 March 2023}}</ref>
|}

=== Manufacturing locations ===
Intel has self-reported that they have wafer fabs in the United States, Ireland, and Israel. They have also self-reported that they have assembly and testing sites mostly in China, Costa Rica, Malaysia, and Vietnam, with only one assembly and/or testing site in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Many Manufacturing Fabs Does Intel Have? |url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000089875/programs/intel-corporation.html |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Intel |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=How Many Manufacturing Fabs Does Intel Have? (Archived)|url=https://archive.today/20231202183354/https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000089875/programs/intel-corporation.html |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Archive.is |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
{{For timeline}}

===Origins===
[[File:Andy Grove Robert Noyce Gordon Moore 1978 edit.jpg|thumb|upright|Andy Grove, Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore in 1978]]Intel was incorporated in Mountain View, California, on July 18, 1968, by Gordon E. Moore (known for "[[Moore's law|Moore's law]]"), a [[Chemist|chemist]], Robert Noyce, a physicist and co-inventor of the integrated circuit and Arthur Rock, an investor and [[Finance:Venture capital|venture capital]]ist.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur Rock {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/arthur-rock |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url=https://timeline.intel.com/1968/a-rock-solid-startup
 |title=A Rock-Solid Startup |website=Intel |access-date=July 6, 2023 |quote=Rock was already a founding investor in Intel, along with Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur Rock: Silicon Valley's Unmoved Mover {{!}} The Generalist |url=https://www.generalist.com/briefing/arthur-rock |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.generalist.com |language=en}}</ref> Moore and Noyce had left [[Company:Fairchild Semiconductor|Fairchild Semiconductor]] and were part of the "traitorous eight". There were originally 500,000 shares outstanding of which Dr. Noyce bought 245,000 shares, Dr. Moore 245,000 shares, and Mr. Rock 10,000 shares; all at $1 per share. Rock offered $2,500,000 of convertible debentures to a limited group of private investors (equivalent to $21 million in 2022), convertible at $5 per share.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arthur Rock {{!}} Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/arthur-rock |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stanford Law School |first=Stanford Law School |date=2020 |title=TNTEL CORP $2, 500,000 CONVE:RTIBLE DEBEN'l'URES |url=https://law.stanford.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Intel-Convertible-Note-220920.pdf }}</ref> Just 2 years later, Intel became a [[Finance:Public company|public company]] via an [[Finance:Initial public offering|initial public offering]] (IPO), raising $6.8 million ($23.50 per share).<ref name="Intel_Museum">{{cite web |title=Intel Online Museum: Corporate Timeline (Archived version) |url=http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/historic-timeline.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103012023/http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/historic-timeline.html |archive-date=January 3, 2013 |access-date=July 23, 2011 |work=Intel Museum |publisher=Intel}}</ref> Intel's third employee was Andy Grove,{{NoteTag|The Andrew Grove article explains how a clerical error exchanged the employee ID numbers of Grove and the fourth employee, [[Biography:Leslie L. Vadász|Leslie L. Vadász]], whom Grove had hired.}} a [[Engineering:Chemical engineer|chemical engineer]], who later ran the company through much of the 1980s and the high-growth 1990s.

In deciding on a name, Moore and Noyce quickly rejected "Moore Noyce",<ref>{{cite web |url = http://download.intel.com/pressroom/kits/events/idffall_2007/TranscriptMoore-Gelsinger.pdf |title = IDF Transcript: Interview with Gordon Moore |publisher = Intel Corporation |date = August 18, 2007 |access-date = July 29, 2009 }}</ref> near homophone for "more noise"&nbsp;– an ill-suited name for an [[Engineering:Electronics|electronics]] company, since noise in electronics is usually undesirable and typically associated with bad [[Engineering:Electromagnetic interference|interference]]. Instead, they founded the company as '''NM Electronics''' (or '''MN Electronics''') on July 18, 1968, but by the end of the month had changed the name to '''Intel''' which stood for '''Int'''egrated '''El'''ectronics.{{NoteTag|The first name was actually picked up as temporary.<ref>{{cite web |title = Intel Timeline: A History of Innovation |url = http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/historic-timeline.html |publisher = Intel Corp. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = Intel Celebrates 30 Years of Innovation |url = http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/1998/CN071898.HTM |publisher = Intel Corp. |date = July 18, 1998 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title = Defining Intel: 25 years / 25 events |url = http://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/General/25yrs.pdf |publisher = Intel Corp. |page = 5 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title = Two Found New Firm |newspaper = San Jose Mercury News |date = August 6, 1968 |quote = Founders of Intel Corp. are Drs. Robert W. Noyce and Gordon Moore. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://newsroom.intel.com/news/intel-50-gordon-moore-founding-intel/ |title = Intel at 50: Gordon Moore on the Founding of Intel |website = Intel Newsroom |language = en-US |df=mdy-all |access-date = 2019-05-30 }}</ref>}} Since "Intel" was already trademarked by the hotel chain Intelco, they had to buy the rights for the name.<ref name="Intel_Museum" /><ref>{{cite web |last=Valich |first=Theo |date=September 19, 2007 |title=Secret of Intel name revealed |url=http://www.theinquirer.net/default.aspx?article=42469 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120629001528/http://www.theinquirer.net/default.aspx?article=42469 |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 29, 2012 |work=The Inquirer |access-date=September 19, 2007 }}</ref>

===Early history===
At its founding, Intel was distinguished by its ability to make logic circuits using [[Physics:Semiconductor device|semiconductor device]]s. The founders' goal was the [[Engineering:Semiconductor memory|semiconductor memory]] market, widely predicted to replace [[Magnetic-core memory|magnetic-core memory]]. Its first product, a quick entry into the small, high-speed memory market in 1969, was the 3101 [[Engineering:Schottky transistor|Schottky TTL]] [[Engineering:Bipolar junction transistor|bipolar]] 64-bit [[Static random-access memory|static random-access memory]] (SRAM), which was nearly twice as fast as earlier Schottky diode implementations by Fairchild and the Electrotechnical Laboratory in Tsukuba, Japan.<ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1969-Schottky.html 1969&nbsp;– Schottky-Barrier Diode Doubles the Speed of TTL Memory & Logic] Computer History Museum. Retrieved September 23, 2011.</ref><ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mZWJjZTRlN2MtOTJiMy00YmRmLWE0MjMtODI1ZDQ5MTU2YTFl&hl=en Schottky Bipolar 3101, 3101A RAMs] Google Docs.</ref> In the same year, Intel also produced the 3301 Schottky bipolar 1024-bit [[Read-only memory|read-only memory]] (ROM)<ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mYWM3MGM1NWItYjI2YS00MGU0LWFiOGYtZjczZDdjY2IxNGJl&hl=en Schottky Bipolar 3301A ROM] Google Docs.</ref> and the first commercial [[Engineering:MOSFET|metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor]] (MOSFET) silicon gate SRAM chip, the 256-bit 1101.<ref name="Intel_Museum" /><ref name="Intel-Product-Timeline">{{cite web|url=http://download.intel.com/museum/research/arc_collect/timeline/TimelineDateSort7_05.pdf |title=A chronological list of Intel products. The products are sorted by date. |access-date=July 31, 2007 |date=July 2005 |work=Intel museum |publisher=Intel Corporation |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070809053720/http://download.intel.com/museum/research/arc_collect/timeline/TimelineDateSort7_05.pdf |archive-date=August 9, 2007}}</ref><!-- I am not sure if this reference is formatted correctly with only the archive URL still operating.--><ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mYjBjNmY1YTktY2U2OS00MDNiLWI1YTAtZjhhOWE1NjQyN2Zk&hl=en Silicon Gate MOS 1101A RAM] Google Docs.</ref>

While the 1101 was a significant advance, its complex static [[Memory cell (computing)|cell structure]] made it too slow and costly for [[Mainframe computer|mainframe]] memories. The three-[[Engineering:Transistor|transistor]] cell implemented in the first commercially available [[Dynamic random-access memory|dynamic random-access memory]] (DRAM), the [[Intel 1103|1103]] released in 1970, solved these issues. The 1103 was the bestselling semiconductor memory chip in the world by 1972, as it replaced core memory in many applications.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Sideris |first=George |title=The Intel 1103: The MOS memory that defied cores |magazine=Electronics |pages=108–113 |date=April 26, 1973}}</ref><ref name=Bellis>{{cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/who-invented-the-intel-1103-dram-chip-4078677|title=Who Invented the Intel 1103 DRAM Chip|author=Mary Bellis|date=August 25, 2016|publisher=ThoughtCo}}</ref> Intel's business grew during the 1970s as it expanded and improved its manufacturing processes and produced a wider range of [[Finance:Product (business)|products]], still dominated by various memory devices.

[[File:Federico Faggin (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Federico Faggin, designer of the Intel 4004]]

Intel created the first commercially available microprocessor, the [[Engineering:Intel 4004|Intel 4004]], in 1971.<ref name="Intel_Museum" /> The microprocessor represented a notable advance in the technology of integrated circuitry, as it miniaturized the central processing unit of a computer, which then made it possible for small machines to perform calculations that in the past only very large machines could do. Considerable technological innovation was needed before the microprocessor could actually become the basis of what was first known as a "mini computer" and then known as a "personal computer".<ref>''The Unfinished Nation'', Volume 2, Brinkley, p. 786.</ref> Intel also created one of the first [[Microcomputer|microcomputer]]s in 1973.<ref name="Intel-Product-Timeline" /><ref name="Intellec-1973">{{cite web |url=http://www.old-computers.com/MUSEUM/computer.asp?c=754&st=1 |title=Intel Intellec Series |access-date=July 31, 2007 |last=Silberhorn |first=Gottfried |author2=Colin Douglas Howell |work=old-computers.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727141838/http://www.old-computers.com/MUSEUM/computer.asp?c=754&st=1 |archive-date=July 27, 2010 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Intel opened its first international manufacturing facility in 1972, in Malaysia, which would host multiple Intel operations, before opening assembly facilities and semiconductor plants in [[Place:Singapore|Singapore]] and [[Place:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] in the early 1980s, and manufacturing and development centers in China, India, and Costa Rica in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |title=Intel: 35 Years of Innovation (1968–2003) |url=https://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/General/35yrs.pdf |publisher=Intel |year=2003 |access-date=June 26, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104070452/https://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/General/35yrs.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> By the early 1980s, its business was dominated by DRAM chips. However, increased competition from Japanese semiconductor manufacturers had, by 1983, dramatically reduced the profitability of this market. The growing success of the [[Company:IBM|IBM]] personal computer, based on an Intel microprocessor, was among factors that convinced Gordon Moore (CEO since 1975) to shift the company's focus to microprocessors and to change fundamental aspects of that business model. Moore's decision to sole-source Intel's 386 chip played into the company's continuing success.

By the end of the 1980s, buoyed by its fortuitous position as microprocessor supplier to IBM and IBM's competitors within the rapidly growing personal computer market, Intel embarked on a 10-year period of unprecedented growth as the primary (and most profitable) hardware supplier to the PC industry, part of the winning 'Wintel' combination. Moore handed over his position as CEO to Andy Grove in 1987. By launching its Intel Inside marketing campaign in 1991, Intel was able to associate [[Social:Brand loyalty|brand loyalty]] with consumer selection, so that by the end of the 1990s, its line of [[Engineering:Pentium|Pentium]] processors had become a household name.

===Challenges to dominance (2000s)===
After 2000, growth in demand for high-end microprocessors slowed. Competitors, most notably [[Engineering:AMD|AMD]] (Intel's largest competitor in its primary [[X86|x86]] architecture market), garnered significant market share, initially in low-end and mid-range processors but ultimately across the product range, and Intel's dominant position in its core market was greatly reduced,<ref name="Wong">{{Cite news|url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20060731&slug=btintelchip31|title=Intel Core 2 Duo a big leap in chip race|last=Wong|first=Nicole|date=July 31, 2006|work=The Seattle Times|access-date=October 15, 2009}}</ref> mostly due to controversial [[Engineering:NetBurst|NetBurst]] microarchitecture. In the early 2000s then-CEO, Craig Barrett attempted to diversify the company's business beyond semiconductors, but few of these activities were ultimately successful.

====Litigation====
Intel had also for a number of years been embroiled in litigation. U.S. law did not initially recognize intellectual property rights related to microprocessor [[Engineering:Topology (electrical circuits)|topology]] (circuit layouts), until the [[Engineering:Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984|Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984]], a law sought by Intel and the [[Organization:Semiconductor Industry Association|Semiconductor Industry Association]] (SIA).<ref>The Senate Report on the bill (S.Rep. No. 425, 98th Cong., 2d Sess. (1984)) stated: "In the semiconductor industry, innovation is indispensable; research breakthroughs are essential to the life and health of the industry. But research and innovation in the design of semiconductor chips are threatened by the inadequacies of existing legal protection against piracy and unauthorized copying. This problem, which is so critical to this essential sector of the American economy, is addressed by the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984. ...[The bill] would prohibit "chip piracy"—the unauthorized copying and distribution of semiconductor chip products copied from the original creators of such works." Quoted in [http://cases.justia.com/us-court-of-appeals/F2/977/1555/304802/ ''Brooktree Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.''], 977 F.2d 1555, 17 (Fed. Cir. 1992). See also ''Brooktree'', 21–22 (copyright and patent law ineffective).</ref> During the late 1980s and 1990s (after this law was passed), Intel also sued companies that tried to develop competitor chips to the [[Engineering:Intel 80386|80386]] CPU.<ref name="ReferenceA">"Bill Gates Speaks", page 29. {{ISBN|978-0-471-40169-8}}</ref> The [[Social:Lawsuit|lawsuit]]s were noted to significantly burden the competition with legal bills, even if Intel lost the suits.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Antitrust allegations had been simmering since the early 1990s and had been the cause of one lawsuit against Intel in 1991. In 2004 and 2005, AMD brought further claims against Intel related to [[Social:Unfair competition|unfair competition]].

===Reorganization and success with Intel Core (2005–2015)===
In 2005, CEO Paul Otellini reorganized the company to refocus its core processor and chipset business on platforms (enterprise, digital home, digital health, and mobility).

On June 6, 2005, [[Biography:Steve Jobs|Steve Jobs]], then CEO of [[Company:Apple Inc.|Apple]], announced that Apple would be using Intel's x86 processors for its [[Engineering:Macintosh|Macintosh]] computers, switching from the [[PowerPC]] architecture developed by the AIM alliance.<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|title=Apple to Use Intel Microprocessors Beginning in 2006|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2005/06/06Apple-to-Use-Intel-Microprocessors-Beginning-in-2006/ |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-02-15|website=Apple Newsroom|language=en-US}}</ref> This was seen as win for Intel;<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|last1=Markoff|first1=John|last2=Lohr|first2=Steve|date=2005-06-06|title=Apple Plans to SwitchFrom I.B.M. to Intel Chips|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/06/technology/apple-plans-to-switchfrom-ibm-to-intel-chips.html |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-02-15|issn=0362-4331|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904221915/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/06/technology/apple-plans-to-switchfrom-ibm-to-intel-chips.html|archive-date=4 September 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> an analyst called the move "risky" and "foolish", as Intel's current offerings at the time were considered to be behind those of AMD and IBM.<ref name="Computerworld1">{{cite news|last1=Bennett|first1=Amy|df=mdy-all|date=2005|title=Apple shifting from PowerPC to Intel|work=Computerworld|url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2809210/apple-shifting-from-powerpc-to-intel.html|access-date=August 4, 2020|archive-date=November 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113060929/https://www.computerworld.com/article/2809210/apple-shifting-from-powerpc-to-intel.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2006, Intel unveiled its Core microarchitecture to widespread critical acclaim; the product range was perceived as an exceptional leap in processor performance that at a stroke regained much of its leadership of the field.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sandhu|first=Tarinder|date=July 14, 2006|title=Intel Core 2 Duo/Extreme processor review|publisher=Hexus technology news & reviews|url=http://www.hexus.net/content/item.php?item=6184|access-date=October 15, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Schofield|first=Jack|date=July 27, 2006|title=Intel raises the bar as AMD drops prices in chip battle|work=The Guardian|location=UK|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2006/jul/27/comment.insideit|access-date=October 15, 2009}}</ref> In 2008, Intel had another "tick" when it introduced the Penryn microarchitecture, fabricated using the 45&nbsp;nm process node. Later that year, Intel released a processor with the [[Engineering:Nehalem (microarchitecture)|Nehalem]] architecture to positive reception.<ref>{{cite web|last=Nelson|first=Carl|title=Intel Core i7 "Nehalem" CPU Review|url=http://www.hardcoreware.net/reviews/review-372-11.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131218162625/http://www.hardcoreware.net/reviews/review-372-11.htm|archive-date=December 18, 2013|access-date=December 9, 2013|work=www.hardcoreware.net|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

On June 27, 2006, the sale of Intel's [[Engineering:XScale|XScale]] assets was announced. Intel agreed to sell the XScale processor business to [[Company:Marvell Technology Group|Marvell Technology Group]] for an estimated $600&nbsp;million and the assumption of unspecified liabilities. The move was intended to permit Intel to focus its resources on its core x86 and server businesses, and the [[Social:Mergers and acquisitions|acquisition]] completed on November 9, 2006.<ref name="XScale">{{Cite news|date=June 27, 2006|title=Marvell buys Intel's handheld processor unit for $600&nbsp;million|work=eetimes.com|publisher=CMP Media LLC.|url=http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=189601851|url-status=dead|access-date=July 12, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929101919/http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=189601851|archive-date=September 29, 2007}}</ref>

In 2008, Intel spun off key assets of a solar startup business effort to form an independent company, SpectraWatt Inc. In 2011, SpectraWatt filed for bankruptcy.<ref name="eetimes1">''EE Times''. [http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4219234/Intel-s-solar-spinoff-files-for-bankruptcy "Intel's solar spinoff files for bankruptcy"]. August 23, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2011. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930003258/http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4219234/Intel-s-solar-spinoff-files-for-bankruptcy |date=September 30, 2011 }}</ref>

In February 2011, Intel began to build a new microprocessor manufacturing facility in Chandler, Arizona, completed in 2013 at a cost of $5&nbsp;billion.<ref>[http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110218005980/en/Intel-Invest-5-Billion-Build-Factory-Arizona Intel to Invest More Than $5&nbsp;billion to Build New Factory in Arizona]. Business Wire (February 18, 2011). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> The building is now the 10&nbsp;nm-certified Fab 42 and is connected to the other Fabs (12, 22, 32) on Ocotillo Campus via an enclosed bridge known as the Link.<ref>[https://newsroom.intel.com/video-archive/video-intels-fab-42-a-peek-inside-one-of-the-worlds-most-advanced-factories/ Video: Intel's Fab 42: A Peek Inside One of the World's Most Advanced Factories] Intel Newsroom, October 4, 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=MacDonald-Evoy|first=Ryan Randazzo, and Jerod|title=Intel says it's investing $7B in Chandler facility, bringing 3K jobs|url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/money/business/jobs/2017/02/08/intel-says-s-investing-7b-chandler-facility-bringing-3000-jobs-fab-42/97648708/ |df=mdy-all|access-date=2020-09-07|website=The Arizona Republic|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Pineda|first=Paulina|title=Roadwork paves way for Intel's massive Fab 42 campus in Chandler|url=https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/chandler/2019/06/17/roadwork-paves-way-intels-massive-fab-42-campus-chandler/1451103001/ |df=mdy-all|access-date=2020-09-07|website=The Arizona Republic|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shilov|first=Anton|title=Intel Q3 2019 Fab Update: 10nm Product Era Has Begun, 7nm On Track|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/15032/intel-2019-fab-update-10nm-hvm-7nm-on-track |df=mdy-all|access-date=2020-09-07|website=www.anandtech.com}}</ref> The company produces three-quarters of its products in the United States, although three-quarters of its revenue come from overseas.<ref>King, Ian. (February 18, 2011) [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-18/intel-plans-to-build-5-billion-chip-plant-in-arizona-hire-4-000-workers.html "Intel Plans to Build $5&nbsp;billion Chip Plant in Arizona"]. Bloomberg. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>

The [[Company:Alliance for Affordable Internet|Alliance for Affordable Internet]] (A4AI) was launched in October 2013 and Intel is part of the coalition of public and private organizations that also includes [[Company:Facebook|Facebook]], [[Company:Google|Google]], and [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]]. Led by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the A4AI seeks to make Internet access more affordable so that access is broadened in the developing world, where only 31% of people are online. Google will help to decrease Internet access prices so that they fall below the UN Broadband Commission's worldwide target of 5% of monthly income.<ref>{{cite news|author=Samuel Gibbs|date=October 7, 2013|title=Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Google lead coalition for cheaper Internet|newspaper=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/07/google-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa?CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2&et_cid=51918&et_rid=7107573&Linkid=http%3a%2f%2fwww.theguardian.com%2ftechnology%2f2013%2foct%2f07%2fgoogle-berners-lee-alliance-broadband-africa|access-date=October 8, 2013}}</ref>

====Attempts at entering the smartphone market====
In April 2011, Intel began a pilot project with ZTE Corporation to produce smartphones using the [[Engineering:Intel Atom|Intel Atom]] processor for China's domestic market. In December 2011, Intel announced that it reorganized several of its business units into a new mobile and communications group<ref>Sylvie Barak, ''EE Times''. [http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4233223/Intel-announces-mobile-and-wireless-reorganization- "Intel announces mobile and wirelss reorganization"]. December 14, 2011. Retrieved December 14, 2011.</ref> that would be responsible for the company's smartphone, tablet, and wireless efforts. Intel planned to introduce Medfield – a processor for tablets and smartphones – to the market in 2012, as an effort to compete with Arm.<ref>Brooke Crothers, CNET. [http://news.cnet.com/8301-13924_3-20075602-64/intel-maps-out-tablet-plans-through-2014/?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20 "Intel maps out tablet plans through 2014"]. June 30, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2011.</ref> As a 32-nanometer processor, Medfield is designed to be energy-efficient, which is one of the core features in Arm's chips.<ref name="autogenerated12">Agam Shah, ''IDG News''. [http://www.pcworld.com/article/229596/intels_new_smartphone_chip_is_key_arm_battle.html "Intel's New Smartphone Chip Is Key ARM Battle"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711142802/http://www.pcworld.com/article/229596/intels_new_smartphone_chip_is_key_arm_battle.html|date=July 11, 2011}}. June 7, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>

At the Intel Developers Forum (IDF) 2011 in San Francisco, Intel's partnership with Google was announced. In January 2012, Google announced Android 2.3, supporting Intel's Atom microprocessor.<ref>Will Knight, ''Technology Review''. [http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/38578/?p1=A4 "Intel Chases a More Power-Efficient Future"]. September 15, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref><ref>Chris Nuttall, ''[[Social:Financial Times|Financial Times]]''. [http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/544c33a8-de3b-11e0-9fb7-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1YRA3N2Dr "Intel and Google form Android chip alliance"]. September 13, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref><ref>All Geek. [http://www.allgeek.tv/2011/09/12/intel-to-officially-support-android-2-3-gingerbread-by-january-2012/ "Intel to Officially Support Android 2.3 Gingerbread by January 2012"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129194512/http://www.allgeek.tv/2011/09/12/intel-to-officially-support-android-2-3-gingerbread-by-january-2012/|date=November 29, 2011}}. September 12, 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2011.</ref> In 2013, Intel's Kirk Skaugen said that Intel's exclusive focus on Microsoft platforms was a thing of the past and that they would now support all "tier-one operating systems" such as Linux, Android, iOS, and Chrome.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Jack|date=November 22, 2013|title=Chipzilla couldn't keep up with ARM-dominated mobe world|url=http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2013/11/22/intel_end_of_wintel/|access-date=December 3, 2013|website=channelregister.co.uk|publisher=The Register}}</ref>

In 2014, Intel cut thousands of employees in response to "evolving market trends",<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hargreaves|first1=Steve|date=January 17, 2014|title=Intel to cut over 5,000 jobs|website=cnn.com|publisher=CNNMoney|url=https://money.cnn.com/2014/01/17/technology/intel-jobs/|access-date=January 17, 2014}}</ref> and offered to subsidize manufacturers for the extra costs involved in using Intel chips in their tablets. In April 2016, Intel cancelled the SoFIA platform and the Broxton Atom SoC for smartphones,<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel's Changing Future: Smartphone SoCs Broxton & SoFIA Officially Cancelled|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10288/intel-broxton-sofia-smartphone-socs-cancelled|access-date=June 13, 2017|website=Anandtech.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Edgar Cervantes|title=Intel exits the smartphone & tablet market after killing Broxton and SoFIA chips|url=http://www.androidauthority.com/intel-exits-smartphone-tablet-market-killing-broxton-sofia-chips-690218/|access-date=June 13, 2017|website=Androidauthority.com|date=May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Intel's New Strategy Is The Right One For The Company|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/patrickmoorhead/2016/04/28/intels-new-strategy-is-the-right-one-for-the-company/|access-date=June 13, 2017|website=Forbes.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=April 26, 2016|title=Brian Krzanich: Our Strategy and The Future of Intel &#124; Intel Newsroom|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/brian-krzanich-our-strategy-and-the-future-of-intel/|access-date=June 13, 2017|website=Newsroom.intel.com}}</ref> effectively leaving the smartphone market.<ref name="MyUser_Theverge.com_June_1_2016c">{{cite web|title=Intel's new smartphone strategy is to quit|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/3/11576216/intel-atom-smartphone-quit|access-date=June 1, 2016|newspaper=Theverge.com|date=May 3, 2016}}</ref><ref name="verge2">{{cite web|title=Intel knows it's no longer inside|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/5/31/11817818/intel-computex-2016-keynote-report|access-date=June 1, 2016|newspaper=Theverge.com|date=May 31, 2016}}</ref>

====Intel custom foundry====
Finding itself with excess fab capacity after the failure of the [[Engineering:Ultrabook|Ultrabook]] to gain market traction and with PC sales declining, in 2013 Intel reached a [[Engineering:Semiconductor fabrication plant|foundry]] agreement to produce chips for [[Company:Altera|Altera]] using a 14&nbsp;nm process. General Manager of Intel's custom foundry division Sunit Rikhi indicated that Intel would pursue further such deals in the future.<ref>{{cite web|last=Parnell|first=Brid-Aine|title=Intel throws open chip ovens to Altera – but who's next: Apple?|url=https://www.theregister.com/2013/02/26/intel_altera_chip_deal/|website=www.theregister.com}}</ref> This was after poor sales of [[Software:Windows 8|Windows 8]] hardware caused a major retrenchment for most of the major semiconductor manufacturers, except for Qualcomm, which continued to see healthy purchases from its largest customer, Apple.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kunert|first=Paul|title=Intel and pals shrink their semis by $600m as demand droops|url=https://www.theregister.com/2013/03/18/chip_maker_cut_inventory/|website=www.theregister.com}}</ref>

As of July 2013, five companies were using Intel's fabs via the ''Intel Custom Foundry'' division: [[Company:Achronix|Achronix]], [[Company:Tabula|Tabula]], [[Company:Netronome|Netronome]], [[Company:Microsemi|Microsemi]], and [[Company:Panasonic|Panasonic]]{{snd}}most are [[Engineering:Field-programmable gate array|field-programmable gate array]] (FPGA) makers, but Netronome designs network processors. Only Achronix began shipping chips made by Intel using the 22&nbsp;nm Tri-Gate process.<ref>[http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2013/07/intel_dabbles_in_contract_manu.html "Intel dabbles in contract manufacturing, weighing tradeoffs"], ''The Oregonian'', July 27, 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1280814 "Intel to make 22-nm chips for Microsemi"], ''EETimes'', February 5, 2013: "Microsemi...becomes Intel's fifth publicly disclosed foundry customer, joining network processor provider Netronome and FPGA vendors Altera, Achronix and Tabula."</ref> Several other customers also exist but were not announced at the time.<ref>[https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2013/05/01/microsemi-emerges-as-another-intel-manufacturing-customer/ "Microsemi Emerges As Another Intel Manufacturing Customer"], ''{{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}}'', May 1, 2013: "Paul Otellini ... also reiterated that Intel has other foundry customers it has not announced."</ref>

The foundry business was closed in 2018 due to Intel's issues with its manufacturing.<ref>{{cite web|last=Riemenschneider|first=Frank|title=Four years after the announcement: Intel apparently closes down foundry business|url=https://www.elektroniknet.de/international/intel-apparently-closes-down-foundry-business.161048.html |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-04-08|website=Elektroniknet|language=de}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|last=Cutress|first=Dr Ian|title=Intel's New IDM 2.0 Strategy: $20b for Two Fabs, Meteor Lake 7nm Tiles, New Foundry Services, IBM Collaboration, Return of IDF|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/16573/intels-new-strategy-20b-for-two-fabs-meteor-lake-7nm-tiles-new-foundry-services-ibm-collaboration-return-of-idf |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-04-08|website=www.anandtech.com}}</ref>

===Security and manufacturing challenges (2016–2021)===
Intel continued its [[Engineering:Tick–tock model|tick-tock]] model of a microarchitecture change followed by a die shrink until the 6th-generation Core family based on the [[Skylake (microarchitecture)|Skylake]] microarchitecture. This model was deprecated in 2016, with the release of the 7th-generation Core family (codenamed [[Kaby Lake]]), ushering in the [[Engineering:Process–architecture–optimization model|process–architecture–optimization model]]. As Intel struggled to shrink their process node from 14 nm to [[Engineering:10 nm process|10 nm]], processor development slowed down and the company continued to use the Skylake microarchitecture until 2020, albeit with optimizations.<ref name=":4" />

====10 nm process node issues====
While Intel originally planned to introduce 10&nbsp;nm products in 2016, it later became apparent that there were manufacturing issues with the node.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cutress|first=Ian|title=Intel's 10nm Cannon Lake and Core i3-8121U Deep Dive Review|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/13405/intel-10nm-cannon-lake-and-core-i3-8121u-deep-dive-review |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-04-07|website=www.anandtech.com}}</ref> The first microprocessor under that node, Cannon Lake (marketed as 8th-generation Core), was released in small quantities in 2018.<ref name="Cutress">{{cite news|last=Cutress|first=Ian|title=Intel Mentions 10nm, Briefly|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/12271/intel-mentions-10nm-briefly |df=mdy-all|access-date=2018-01-10}}</ref><ref name="Intel discontinues Cannon Lake NUC">{{cite news|title=Intel discontinues Cannon Lake NUC|language=en|work=Tom's Hardware|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-fires-10nm-cannon-lake-nuc-into-oblivion |df=mdy-all|access-date=2019-11-11}}</ref> The company first delayed the mass production of their 10&nbsp;nm products to 2017.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bright|first=Peter|date=July 15, 2015|title=Intel confirms tick-tock-shattering Kaby Lake processor as Moore's Law falters|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/07/intel-confirms-tick-tock-shattering-kaby-lake-processor-as-moores-law-falters/|access-date=July 27, 2016|publisher=Ars Technica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shilov|first=Anton|title=Intel Delays Mass Production of 10 nm CPUs to 2019|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/12693/intel-delays-mass-production-of-10-nm-cpus-to-2019 |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-04-07|website=www.anandtech.com}}</ref> They later delayed mass production to 2018,<ref>{{cite web|last=Eassa|first=Ashraf|date=2018-04-29|title=Intel Corp. Delays 10nm Chip Production|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/04/29/intel-corp-delays-10nm-chip-production.aspx |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-04-07|website=The Motley Fool|language=en}}</ref> and then to 2019. Despite rumors of the process being cancelled,<ref>{{cite web|date=2018-10-22|title=Intel kills off the 10nm process|url=https://semiaccurate.com/2018/10/22/intel-kills-off-the-10nm-process/ |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-04-07|website=SemiAccurate|language=en-US}}</ref> Intel finally introduced mass-produced 10&nbsp;nm 10th-generation Intel Core mobile processors (codenamed "[[Engineering:Ice Lake (microprocessor)|Ice Lake]]") in September 2019.<ref>{{cite web|date=2016-01-21|title=Intel teases its Ice Lake & Tiger Lake family, 10nm for 2018 and 2019|url=http://www.tweaktown.com/news/49816/intel-teases-ice-lake-tiger-family-10nm-2018-2019/index.html |df=mdy-all|access-date=2016-06-03|website=Tweaktown.com}}</ref>

Intel later acknowledged that their strategy to shrink to 10&nbsp;nm was too aggressive.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Oregonian/OregonLive|first=Mike Rogoway {{!}} The|date=2018-05-03|title=Intel hits a wall on Moore's Law|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2018/05/intel_hits_a_wall_on_moores_la.html |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-04-07|website=oregonlive|language=en}}</ref> While other foundries used up to four steps in 10&nbsp;nm or 7&nbsp;nm processes, the company's 10&nbsp;nm process required up to five or six multi-pattern steps.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jenkins|first=Chris|date=May 7, 2018|title=Intel Foundries Continue to Face Issues and Another Spectre-Like Vulnerability Disclosure May Be Looming|url=https://www.macrumors.com/2018/05/07/intel-foundry-and-vulnerability-issues/|access-date=April 6, 2021|website=MacRumors}}</ref> In addition, Intel's 10&nbsp;nm process is denser than its counterpart processes from other foundries.<ref>{{cite web |df=mdy-all|date=2018-03-12|title=Life at 10nm. (Or is it 7nm?) And 3nm – Views on Advanced Silicon Platforms|url=https://www.eejournal.com/article/life-at-10nm-or-is-it-7nm-and-3nm/|website=eejournal.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Intel 10nm density is 2.7X improved over its 14nm node|language=en-GB|work=HEXUS|url=https://hexus.net/tech/news/cpu/119699-intel-10nm-density-27x-improved-14nm-node/ |df=mdy-all|access-date=2018-11-14}}</ref> Since Intel's microarchitecture and process node development were coupled, processor development stagnated.<ref name=":4" />

====Security flaws====
In early January 2018, it was reported that all Intel processors made since 1995,<ref>{{cite news|last=Bogle|first=Ariel|date=January 4, 2018|title=Processor vulnerabilities could leave most computers open to hackers|newspaper=ABC News|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2018-01-04/intel-chip-flaw-a-security-threat/9303280|access-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref> excluding Intel Itanium and pre-2013 [[Engineering:Intel Atom|Intel Atom]] processors, have been subject to two security flaws dubbed [[Meltdown (security vulnerability)|Meltdown]] and [[Spectre (security vulnerability)|Spectre]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Coldewey|first=Devin|title=Kernel panic! What are Meltdown and Spectre, the bugs affecting nearly every computer and device?|date=January 4, 2018 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/03/kernel-panic-what-are-meltdown-and-spectre-the-bugs-affecting-nearly-every-computer-and-device/|access-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="wiredflaw" /> It is believed that "hundreds of millions" of systems could be affected by these flaws.<ref name="telegraph2018flaw" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Meltdown and Spectre|url=https://meltdownattack.com/#faq-systems-spectre|access-date=January 4, 2018|website=meltdownattack.com}}</ref> More security flaws were disclosed on May 3, 2018,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tung|first1=Liam|title=Are 8 new 'Spectre-class' flaws about to be exposed? Intel confirms it's readying fixes {{!}} ZDNet|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/are-8-new-spectre-class-flaws-about-to-be-exposed-intel-confirms-its-readying-fixes/|access-date=May 4, 2018|website=ZDNet|language=en}}</ref> on August 14, 2018, on January 18, 2019, and on March 5, 2020.<ref name="ZDNET-20200305" /><ref name="AT-20200305" /><ref name="EG-20200306" /><ref name="INTEL-20200211" />

On March 15, 2018, Intel reported that it will redesign its [[Central processing unit|CPUs]] to protect against the Spectre security vulnerability, the redesigned processors were sold later in 2018.<ref name="TVRG-20180315" /><ref name="CNET-20180315" /> Existing chips vulnerable to Meltdown and Spectre can be fixed with a [[Patch (computing)|software patch]] at a cost to performance.<ref name="PCW-20180109" /><ref name="NYT-20180103" /><ref name="bbcflaw" /><ref name="TV-20180104" />

===Renewed competition and other developments (2018–present)===
Due to Intel's issues with its 10&nbsp;nm process node and the company's slow processor development,<ref name=":4" /> the company now found itself in a market with intense competition.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jennewine|first=Trevor|date=2021-01-15|title=Why Intel's Competitive Edge Is Crumbling|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2021/01/15/why-intels-competitive-edge-is-crumbling/|access-date=2021-04-09|website=The Motley Fool|language=en}}</ref> The company's main competitor, AMD, introduced the [[Engineering:Zen (microarchitecture)|Zen]] microarchitecture and a new [[Engineering:Chiplet|chiplet]] based design to critical acclaim. Since its introduction, AMD, once unable to compete with Intel in the high-end CPU market, has undergone a resurgence,<ref>{{cite web|last=Morgan|first=Timothy Prickett|date=2017-06-20|title=Competition returns to x86 servers in epyc fashion|url=https://www.nextplatform.com/2017/06/20/competition-returns-x86-servers-epyc-fashion/}}</ref> and Intel's dominance and market share have considerably decreased.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Ben|date=2021-01-19|title=Intel Problems|url=https://stratechery.com/2021/intel-problems/|access-date=2021-04-08|website=Stratechery by Ben Thompson|language=en-US|df=mdy-all}}</ref> In addition, Apple began to transition away from the x86 architecture and Intel processors to their own [[Engineering:Apple silicon|Apple silicon]] for their Macintosh computers in 2020. The transition is expected to affect Intel minimally; however, it might prompt other PC manufacturers to reevaluate their reliance on Intel and the x86 architecture.<ref name="Bloomberg1">{{cite news|last1=Gurman|first1=Mark|date=June 9, 2020|title=In a first, Apple plans to shift to its own processors to power new Mac computers|work=Fortune|agency={{wipe|Bloomberg News}}|url=https://fortune.com/2020/06/09/in-a-first-apple-plans-to-shift-to-its-own-processors-to-power-new-mac-computers/|access-date=June 22, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Jean-Louis Gassée, 2020.06.21">{{cite news|last1=Gassée|first1=Jean-Louis|date=June 21, 2020|title=ARM Mac Impact On Intel|publisher=Monday Note|url=https://mondaynote.com/arm-mac-impact-on-intel-9641a8e73dca|access-date=June 23, 2020}}</ref>

===='IDM 2.0' strategy====
On March 23, 2021, CEO Pat Gelsinger laid out new plans for the company.<ref>{{cite web|last=Thompson|first=Ben|date=2021-03-24|title=Intel Unleashed, Gelsinger on Intel, IDM 2.0|url=https://stratechery.com/2021/intel-unleashed-gelsinger-on-intel-idm-2-0/ |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-04-08|website=Stratechery by Ben Thompson|language=en-US}}</ref> These include a new strategy, called IDM 2.0, that includes investments in manufacturing facilities, use of both internal and external foundries, and a new foundry business called Intel Foundry Services (IFS), a standalone business unit.<ref>{{cite news|title=Intel Unleashed: New Fabs, Tick-Tock Returns, Biggest Overhaul in Decades – ExtremeTech|url=https://www.extremetech.com/computing/321162-intel-unleashed-new-fabs-tick-tock-returns-biggest-overhaul-in-decades |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-04-08|newspaper=Extremetech|date=March 24, 2021 |last1=Hruska |first1=Joel }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Manners|first=David|date=2021-03-24|title=Intel Unleashed|url=https://www.electronicsweekly.com/news/business/intel-unleashed-2021-03/ |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-04-08|website=Electronics Weekly|language=en}}</ref> Unlike Intel Custom Foundry, IFS will offer a combination of packaging and process technology, and Intel's IP portfolio including x86 cores. Other plans for the company include a partnership with [[Company:IBM|IBM]] and a new event for developers and engineers, called "Intel ON".<ref name=":1" /> Gelsinger also confirmed that Intel's 7&nbsp;nm process is on track, and that the first products using their 7&nbsp;nm process (also known as Intel 4) are Ponte Vecchio and Meteor Lake.<ref name=":1" />

In January 2022, Intel reportedly selected New Albany, Ohio, near Columbus, Ohio, as the site for a major new manufacturing facility.<ref>{{cite web|last=Williams|first=Mark|title=Intel picks Greater Columbus for $20 billion semiconductor factory to employ 3,000 workers|url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/business/2022/01/14/factory-built-land-annexed-into-new-albany/6524507001/|date=2022-01-14|website=The Columbus Dispatch|language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220115003031/https://www.dispatch.com/story/business/2022/01/14/factory-built-land-annexed-into-new-albany/6524507001/ |archive-date=2022-01-15 |url-status=live}}</ref> The facility will cost at least $20 billion.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Clark |first1=Don |title=Intel to Invest at Least $20 Billion in New Chip Factories in Ohio |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/21/technology/intel-chip-factories-ohio.html |access-date=21 January 2022 |work=The New York Times |date=21 January 2022}}</ref> The company expects the facility to begin producing chips by 2025.<ref>{{cite news |last1=King |first1=Ian |title=Intel's $20 Billion Ohio Chip Hub Will Be World's Largest |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-21/intel-plans-to-spend-20-billion-on-ohio-chipmaking-hub?sref=CIpmV6x8 |access-date=21 January 2022 |work=www.bloomberg.com |date=20 January 2022}}</ref> The same year Intel also choose [[Place:Magdeburg|Magdeburg]], {{wipe|Germany}}, as a site for two new chip mega factories for €17 billion (topping [[Company:Tesla, Inc.|Tesla's]] [[Physics:Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg|investment]] in Brandenburg). Groundbreaking is planned for 2023, while production start is planned for 2027. Including subcontractors this would create 10,000 new jobs.<ref>[https://www.rnd.de/politik/magdeburg-intel-will-zwei-ultramoderne-chipfabriken-bauen-lassen-JSVE6LOOWNAJJGXOTVOXLEKX74.html Ausgerechnet Magdeburg: Wie Intel eine ganze Region verändern wird] on RedaktionsNetzwerk Deutschland</ref>

In August 2022, Intel signed a $30{{nbsp}}billion partnership with [[Company:Brookfield Asset Management|Brookfield Asset Management]] to fund its recent factory expansions. As part of the deal, Intel would have a controlling stake by funding 51% of the cost of building new chip-making facilities in Chandler, with Brookfield owning the remaining 49% stake, allowing the companies to split the revenue from those facilities.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-inks-30-billion-funding-partnership-with-brookfield-to-finance-chip-factory-expansion-11661254261|title=Intel Signs $30 Billion Funding Partnership With Brookfield to Finance Chip-Factory Expansion |date=August 23, 2022 |work={{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}} |first=Asa |last=Fitch |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824052759/https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-inks-30-billion-funding-partnership-with-brookfield-to-finance-chip-factory-expansion-11661254261 |archive-date=August 24, 2022 |url-status=live|access-date=August 24, 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/0a9a5439-391f-4689-bd5a-775c21dea026 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/0a9a5439-391f-4689-bd5a-775c21dea026 |archive-date=December 10, 2022 |url-status=live |title=Intel seals $30bn partnership with Brookfield to fund chip factories |date=23 August 2022 |work=[[Social:Financial Times|Financial Times]] |url-access=limited |first1=Antoine |last1=Gara |first2=Anna |last2=Gross}}</ref>

On January 31, 2023, as part of $3 billion in cost reductions, Intel announced pay cuts affecting employees above midlevel, ranging from 5% upwards. It also suspended bonuses and merit pay increases, while reducing retirement plan matching. These cost reductions followed layoffs announced in the fall of 2022.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rogoway |first1=Mike |title=Intel slashes wages, bonuses after disastrous quarterly results |url=https://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/2023/02/intel-slashes-wages-bonuses-after-disastrous-quarterly-results.html |access-date=1 February 2023 |work=The Oregonian |date=31 January 2023}}</ref>

In October 2023, Intel confirmed it would be the first commercial user of [[Physics:Extreme ultraviolet lithography|high-NA EUV lithography]] tool, as part of its plan to regard process leadership from [[Company:TSMC|TSMC]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Intel Corporation |title=Intel Reports Third-Quarter 2023 Financial Results |url=https://d1io3yog0oux5.cloudfront.net/_68614b7f1d0de99bd7f726f92c573cc8/intel/db/887/8973/earnings_release/Q3+23+EarningsRelease.pdf}}</ref>

==== Artificial intelligence ====
In December 2023 Intel unveiled Gaudi3, an [[Artificial intelligence|artificial intelligence]] (AI) chip for generative AI software which will launch in 2024 and compete with rival chips from Nvidia and AMD.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Leswing |first=Kif |date=2023-12-14 |title=Intel unveils new AI chip to compete with Nvidia and AMD |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/12/14/intel-unveils-gaudi3-ai-chip-to-compete-with-nvidia-and-amd.html |access-date=2023-12-15 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref>

==Product and market history==

===SRAMs, DRAMs, and the microprocessor===
Intel's first products were [[Shift register|shift register]] memory and random-access memory integrated circuits, and Intel grew to be a leader in the fiercely competitive [[Dynamic random-access memory|DRAM]], [[Static random-access memory|SRAM]], and [[Read-only memory|ROM]] markets throughout the 1970s. Concurrently, Intel engineers Marcian Hoff, [[Biography:Federico Faggin|Federico Faggin]], [[Biography:Stanley Mazor|Stanley Mazor]], and [[Biography:Masatoshi Shima|Masatoshi Shima]] invented Intel's first [[Engineering:Microprocessor|microprocessor]]. Originally developed for the Japanese company Busicom to replace a number of [[Engineering:Application-specific integrated circuit|ASICs]] in a calculator already produced by Busicom, the [[Engineering:Intel 4004|Intel 4004]] was introduced to the mass market on November 15, 1971, though the microprocessor did not become the core of Intel's business until the mid-1980s. (Note: Intel is usually given credit with [[Company:Texas Instruments|Texas Instruments]] for the almost-simultaneous invention of the microprocessor.)

In 1983, at the dawn of the personal computer era, Intel's profits came under increased pressure from Japanese memory-chip manufacturers, and then-president Andy Grove focused the company on microprocessors. Grove described this transition in the book ''Only the Paranoid Survive''. A key element of his plan was the notion, then considered radical, of becoming the single source for successors to the popular [[Engineering:Intel 8086|8086]] microprocessor.

Until then, the manufacture of complex integrated circuits was not reliable enough for customers to depend on a single supplier, but Grove began producing processors in three geographically distinct factories,{{which|date=October 2013}} and ceased licensing the chip designs to competitors such as [[Company:Advanced Micro Devices|AMD]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Intel and the x86 Architecture: A Legal Perspective |url=https://jolt.law.harvard.edu/digest/intel-and-the-x86-architecture-a-legal-perspective |access-date=17 October 2021 |date=4 January 2011}}</ref> When the PC industry boomed in the late 1980s and 1990s, Intel was one of the primary beneficiaries.

===Early x86 processors and the IBM PC===
[[File:Intel 8742 153056995.jpg|thumb|The [[Engineering:Die (integrated circuit)|die]] from an Intel 8742, an [[8-bit computing|8-bit]] microcontroller that includes a CPU running at 12&nbsp;MHz, 128 bytes of RAM, 2048 bytes of EPROM, and I/O in the same chip]]

Despite the ultimate importance of the microprocessor, the [[Engineering:Intel 4004|4004]] and its successors the 8008 and the 8080 were never major revenue contributors at Intel. As the next processor, the [[Engineering:Intel 8086|8086]] (and its variant the 8088) was completed in 1978, Intel embarked on a major marketing and sales campaign for that chip nicknamed "Operation Crush", and intended to win as many customers for the processor as possible. One design win was the newly created IBM PC division, though the importance of this was not fully realized at the time.

[[Company:IBM|IBM]] introduced its personal computer in 1981, and it was rapidly successful. In 1982, Intel created the [[Engineering:Intel 80286|80286]] microprocessor, which, two years later, was used in the IBM PC/AT. [[Company:Compaq|Compaq]], the first IBM PC "clone" manufacturer, produced a desktop system based on the faster 80286 processor in 1985 and in 1986 quickly followed with the first [[Engineering:Intel 80386|80386]]-based system, beating IBM and establishing a competitive market for PC-compatible systems and setting up Intel as a key component supplier.

In 1975, the company had started a project to develop a highly advanced 32-bit microprocessor, finally released in 1981 as the [[Engineering:Intel iAPX 432|Intel iAPX 432]]. The project was too ambitious and the processor was never able to meet its performance objectives, and it failed in the marketplace. Intel extended the [[X86|x86 architecture]] to 32 bits instead.<ref>{{cite web
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  |url=http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/retrocomputing/intel/iapx432/dreamchip.html
  |access-date=November 27, 2007
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018060554/http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/retrocomputing/intel/iapx432/dreamchip.html
  |archive-date=October 18, 2007
  |url-status=dead
  }}</ref>

====386 microprocessor====
During this period Andrew Grove dramatically redirected the company, closing much of its DRAM business and directing resources to the [[Engineering:Microprocessor|microprocessor]] business. Of perhaps greater importance was his decision to "single-source" the 386 microprocessor. Prior to this, microprocessor manufacturing was in its infancy, and manufacturing problems frequently reduced or stopped production, interrupting supplies to customers. To mitigate this risk, these customers typically insisted that multiple manufacturers produce chips they could use to ensure a consistent supply. The 8080 and 8086-series microprocessors were produced by several companies, notably AMD, with which Intel had a technology-sharing contract.

Grove made the decision not to license the 386 design to other manufacturers, instead, producing it in three geographically distinct factories: Santa Clara, California; Hillsboro, Oregon; and Chandler, a suburb of Phoenix, Arizona. He convinced customers that this would ensure consistent delivery. In doing this, Intel breached its contract with AMD, which sued and was paid millions of dollars in damages but could not manufacture new Intel CPU designs any longer. (Instead, AMD started to develop and manufacture its own competing x86 designs.)

As the success of [[Company:Compaq|Compaq]]'s Deskpro 386 established the 386 as the dominant CPU choice, Intel achieved a position of near-exclusive dominance as its supplier. Profits from this funded rapid development of both higher-performance chip designs and higher-performance manufacturing capabilities, propelling Intel to a position of unquestioned leadership by the early 1990s.

====486, Pentium, and Itanium====
Intel introduced the [[Engineering:Intel 80486|486]] microprocessor in 1989, and in 1990 established a second design team, designing the processors code-named "[[Engineering:P5 (microarchitecture)|P5]]" and "[[Engineering:P6 (microarchitecture)|P6]]" in parallel and committing to a major new processor every two years, versus the four or more years such designs had previously taken. Engineers Vinod Dham and Rajeev Chandrasekhar (Member of Parliament, India) were key figures on the core team that developed the 486 chip and later, Intel's signature Pentium chip. The P5 project was earlier known as "Operation Bicycle", referring to the cycles of the processor through two parallel execution pipelines. The P5 was introduced in 1993 as the Intel [[Engineering:Pentium|Pentium]], substituting a registered trademark name for the former part number. (Numbers, such as 486, cannot be legally registered as trademarks in the United States.) The P6 followed in 1995 as the [[Engineering:Pentium Pro|Pentium Pro]] and improved into the [[Engineering:Pentium II|Pentium II]] in 1997. New architectures were developed alternately in Santa Clara, California and Hillsboro, Oregon.

The Santa Clara design team embarked in 1993 on a successor to the [[X86|x86 architecture]], codenamed "P7". The first attempt was dropped a year later but quickly revived in a cooperative program with [[Company:Hewlett-Packard|Hewlett-Packard]] engineers, though Intel soon took over primary design responsibility. The resulting implementation of the [[Engineering:Itanium|IA-64]] 64-bit architecture was the [[Engineering:Itanium|Itanium]], finally introduced in June 2001. The Itanium's performance running legacy x86 code did not meet expectations, and it failed to compete effectively with [[X86-64|x86-64]], which was AMD's 64-bit extension of the 32-bit x86 architecture (Intel uses the name '''Intel 64''', previously '''EM64T'''). In 2017, Intel announced that the Itanium 9700 series (Kittson) would be the last Itanium chips produced.<ref name="Davis 2017">{{cite web
  |url = https://itpeernetwork.intel.com/evolution-mission-critical-computing/
  |title = The Evolution of Mission Critical Computing
  |access-date = 2017-05-11
  |df = mdy-all
  |last = Davis
  |first = Lisa M.
  |date = 2017-05-11
  |work = Intel
  |quote = ...the 9700 series will be the last Intel Itanium processor.
}}</ref><ref name="IA-PCWorld">{{cite web|title=Intel's Itanium, once destined to replace x86 processors in PCs, hits end of line|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/3196080/data-center/intels-itanium-once-destined-to-replace-x86-in-pcs-hits-end-of-line.html|website=PCWorld|access-date=May 15, 2017|language=en|date=May 11, 2017}}</ref>

The Hillsboro team designed the [[Engineering:Pentium 4#Willamette|Willamette]] processors (initially code-named P68), which were marketed as the Pentium 4.

During this period, Intel undertook two major supporting advertising campaigns. The first campaign, the 1991 "Intel Inside" marketing and branding campaign, is widely known and has become synonymous with Intel itself. The idea of "[[Social:Ingredient branding|ingredient branding]]" was new at the time, with only [[Company:NutraSweet|NutraSweet]] and a few others making attempts to do so.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Richard S. Tedlow|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQamXENAalkC&pg=RA1-PA256|title=Andy Grove: The Life and Times of an American Business Icon|year=2007|isbn=978-1-59184-182-1|page=256| publisher=Penguin }}</ref> One of the key architects of the marketing team was the head of the microprocessor division, David House.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=January 22, 2001 |title=Former Bay CEO to head startup |journal=Network World |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=8}}</ref> He coined the slogan "Intel Inside".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marshall |first=Jonathan |date=1997-12-05 |title=An Organized House / Ex-Intel exec rebuilds Bay Networks with focus |url=https://www.sfgate.com/business/article/An-Organized-House-Ex-Intel-exec-rebuilds-Bay-2791338.php |access-date=2023-07-07 |website=SFGATE |language=en-US}}</ref> This campaign established Intel, which had been a component supplier little-known outside the PC industry, as a household name.

The second campaign, Intel's Systems Group, which began in the early 1990s, showcased manufacturing of PC [[Engineering:Motherboard|motherboard]]s, the main board component of a personal computer, and the one into which the processor (CPU) and memory (RAM) chips are plugged.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Tracy V.|date=July 20, 2005|title=HowStuffWorks "How Motherboards Work"|url=http://computer.howstuffworks.com/motherboard.htm|access-date=July 29, 2010|publisher=Computer.howstuffworks.com}}</ref> The Systems Group campaign was lesser known than the Intel Inside campaign.

Shortly after, Intel began manufacturing fully configured "[[Engineering:White box (computer hardware)|white box]]" systems for the dozens of PC clone companies that rapidly sprang up.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel Corporation The Architecture That Would Not Die |url=https://www.lawyersnjurists.com/article/intel-corporation-the-architecture-that-would-not-die/ |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=The Lawyers & Jurists}}</ref> At its peak in the mid-1990s, Intel manufactured over 15% of all PCs, making it the third-largest supplier at the time.{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}}

During the 1990s, Intel Architecture Labs (IAL) was responsible for many of the hardware innovations for the PC, including the [[Engineering:Conventional PCI|PCI]] Bus, the [[Engineering:PCI Express|PCI Express]] (PCIe) bus, and Universal Serial Bus (USB). IAL's software efforts met with a more mixed fate; its video and graphics software was important in the development of software digital video,{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}} but later its efforts were largely overshadowed by competition from [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]]. The competition between Intel and Microsoft was revealed in testimony by then IAL Vice-president Steven McGeady at the Microsoft antitrust trial (''United States v. Microsoft Corp.'').

====Pentium flaw====
{{Main|Pentium FDIV bug}}
In June 1994, Intel engineers discovered a flaw in the floating-point math subsection of the [[Engineering:P5 (microarchitecture)|P5]] [[Engineering:Pentium|Pentium microprocessor]]. Under certain data-dependent conditions, the low-order bits of the result of a floating-point division would be incorrect. The error could compound in subsequent calculations. Intel corrected the error in a future chip revision, and under public pressure it issued a total recall and replaced the defective Pentium CPUs (which were limited to some 60, 66, 75, 90, and 100&nbsp;MHz models<ref>[[Pentium FDIV bug]]</ref>) on customer request.

The [[Software bug|bug]] was discovered independently in October 1994 by Thomas Nicely, Professor of Mathematics at Lynchburg College. He contacted Intel but received no response. On October 30, he posted a message about his finding on the Internet.<ref name="Nicely-email">{{cite web |url=http://www.emery.com/nicely.htm |title=Dr. Thomas Nicely's Pentium email |access-date=July 12, 2007 |last=Nicely |first=Dr. Thomas R. |date=October 30, 1994 |publisher=Vince Emery Productions |archive-date=January 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116171317/http://www.emery.com/nicely.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> Word of the bug spread quickly and reached the industry press. The bug was easy to replicate; a user could enter specific numbers into the calculator on the operating system. Consequently, many users did not accept Intel's statements that the error was minor and "not even an erratum". During Thanksgiving, in 1994, ''{{wipe|The New York Times}}'' ran a piece by journalist John Markoff spotlighting the error. Intel changed its position and offered to replace every chip, quickly putting in place a large end-user [[Technical support|support]] organization. This resulted in a $475 million charge against Intel's 1994 [[Finance:Revenue|revenue]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trnicely.net/#PENT|title=Personal website of Dr. Nicely, who discovered the bug|last=Nicely|first=Thomas|access-date=April 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712050001/http://www.trnicely.net/#PENT|archive-date=July 12, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dr. Nicely later learned that Intel had discovered the FDIV bug in its own testing a few months before him (but had decided not to inform customers).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trnicely.net/pentbug/pentbug.html|title="Pentium FDIV flaw" FAQ email from Dr. Nicely|last=Nicely|first=Thomas|access-date=May 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313230545/http://www.trnicely.net/pentbug/pentbug.html|archive-date=March 13, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The "Pentium flaw" incident, Intel's response to it, and the surrounding media coverage propelled Intel from being a technology supplier generally unknown to most computer users to a household name. Dovetailing with an uptick in the "Intel Inside" campaign, the episode is considered to have been a positive event for Intel, changing some of its business practices to be more end-user focused and generating substantial public awareness, while avoiding a lasting negative impression.<ref>Grove, Andrew and Burgleman, Robert; ''Strategy Is Destiny: How Strategy-Making Shapes a Company's Future'', 2001, Free Press<!--needs page number--></ref>

=== Intel Core ===
{{Main|Engineering:Intel Core}}
The Intel Core line originated from the original Core brand, with the release of the [[32-bit computing|32-bit]] ''[[Engineering:Yonah (microprocessor)|Yonah]]'' CPU, Intel's first dual-core mobile (low-power) processor. Derived from the [[Engineering:Pentium M|Pentium M]], the processor family used an enhanced version of the P6 microarchitecture. Its successor, the [[Engineering:Intel Core 2|Core 2]] family, was released on July 27, 2006. This was based on the Intel [[Engineering:Intel Core (microarchitecture)|Core microarchitecture]], and was a 64-bit design.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel Microarchitecture|url=http://www.intel.com/technology/architecture-silicon/core/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090612020454/http://www.intel.com/technology/architecture-silicon/core/|archive-date=June 12, 2009|access-date=December 13, 2010|publisher=Intel}}</ref> Instead of focusing on higher clock rates, the Core microarchitecture emphasized power efficiency and a return to lower clock speeds.<ref>{{cite web|title=Penryn Arrives: Core 2 Extreme QX9650 Review|url=http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0,1697,2208241,00.asp|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031004242/http://www.extremetech.com/article2/0%2C1697%2C2208241%2C00.asp|archive-date=October 31, 2007|access-date=October 30, 2006|publisher=ExtremeTech}}</ref> It also provided more efficient decoding stages, execution units, [[CPU cache|caches]], and [[Engineering:Bus (computing)|buses]], reducing the [[Physics:Electric energy consumption|power consumption]] of Core 2-branded CPUs while increasing their processing capacity.

In November 2008, Intel released the 1st-generation Core processors based on the [[Engineering:Nehalem (microarchitecture)|Nehalem microarchitecture]]. Intel also introduced a new naming scheme, with the three variants now named Core i3, i5, and i7 (as well as i9 from 7th-generation onwards). Unlike the previous naming scheme, these names no longer correspond to specific technical features. It was succeeded by the [[Engineering:Westmere (microarchitecture)|Westmere microarchitecture]] in 2010, with a die shrink to 32&nbsp;nm and included Intel HD Graphics.

In 2011, Intel released the [[Engineering:Sandy Bridge|Sandy Bridge]]-based 2nd-generation Core processor family. This generation featured an 11% performance increase over Nehalem.<ref>{{cite web|author=Anand Lal Shimpi|title=The Sandy Bridge Review: Intel Core i7-2600K, i5-2500K and Core i3-2100 Tested|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/4083/the-sandy-bridge-review-intel-core-i7-2600k-i5-2500k-core-i3-2100-tested/1|access-date=May 27, 2015|work=anandtech.com}}</ref> It was succeeded by Ivy Bridge-based 3rd-generation Core, introduced at the 2012 Intel Developer Forum.<ref>Rick Merritt, ''EE Times''. [http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4227214/Intel-describes-22nm-Ivy-Bridge-CPUs "Intel describes 22nm Ivy Bridge CPUs"]. September 13, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2011.</ref> Ivy Bridge featured a die shrink to [[Engineering:22 nm process|22 nm]], and supported both DDR3 memory and DDR3L chips.

Intel continued its [[Engineering:Tick–tock model|tick-tock]] model of a microarchitecture change followed by a die shrink until the 6th-generation Core family based on the [[Skylake (microarchitecture)|Skylake]] microarchitecture. This model was deprecated in 2016, with the release of the 7th-generation Core family based on [[Kaby Lake]], ushering in the [[Engineering:Process–architecture–optimization model|process–architecture–optimization model]].<ref name="anandtech-pao">{{cite web|title=Intel's 'Tick–Tock' Seemingly Dead, Becomes 'Process–Architecture–Optimization'|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/10183/intels-tick-tock-seemingly-dead-becomes-process-architecture-optimization|access-date=March 23, 2016|website=Anandtech.com}}</ref> From 2016 until 2021, Intel later released more optimizations on the Skylake microarchitecture with [[Kaby Lake|Kaby Lake R]], Amber Lake, [[Engineering:Whiskey Lake (microprocessor)|Whiskey Lake]], [[Coffee Lake]], Coffee Lake R, and [[Engineering:Comet Lake (microprocessor)|Comet Lake]].<ref>{{cite news|title=New 8th Gen Intel Core Processors Optimize Connectivity, Great Performance, Battery Life for Laptops {{!}} Intel Newsroom|language=en-US|work=Intel Newsroom|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/news/new-8th-gen-intel-core-processors-optimized-connectivity-great-performance-long-battery-life-laptops/ |df=mdy-all|access-date=2018-08-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Cutress|first1=Ian|date=September 25, 2017|title=Intel Announces 8th Generation Core "Coffee Lake" Desktop Processors: Six-core i7, Four-core i3, and Z370 Motherboards|publisher=Anandtech|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/11869/intel-announces-8th-generation-coffee-lake-hex-core-desktop-processors}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Intel Announces World's Best Gaming Processor: New 9th Gen Intel Core i9-9900K|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/news-releases/intel-announces-worlds-best-gaming-processor-new-9th-gen-intel-core-i9-9900k/|website=Intel Newsroom}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Intel Expands 10th Gen Intel Core Mobile Processor Family, Offering Double Digit Performance Gains|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/news/intel-expands-10th-gen-intel-core-mobile-processor-family-offering-double-digit-performance-gains/ |df=mdy-all|access-date=2019-08-24|website=Intel Newsroom|language=en-US}}</ref> Intel struggled to shrink their process node from 14 nm to [[Engineering:10 nm process|10 nm]], with the first microarchitecture under that node, Cannon Lake (marketed as 8th-generation Core), only being released in small quantities in 2018.<ref name="Cutress"/><ref name="Intel discontinues Cannon Lake NUC"/>

In 2019, Intel released the 10th-generation of Core processors, codenamed "Amber Lake", "Comet Lake", and "[[Engineering:Ice Lake (microprocessor)|Ice Lake]]". Ice Lake, based on the Sunny Cove microarchitecture, was produced on the 10&nbsp;nm process and was limited to low-power mobile processors. Both Amber Lake and Comet Lake were based on a refined 14&nbsp;nm node, with the latter being used for desktop and high-performance mobile products and the former used for low-power mobile products.

In September 2020, 11th-generation Core mobile processors, codenamed Tiger Lake, were launched.<ref name=":13">{{cite web|last=Cutress|first=Dr Ian|title=Intel's 11th Gen Core Tiger Lake SoC Detailed: SuperFin, Willow Cove and Xe-LP|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/15971/intels-11th-gen-core-tiger-lake-soc-detailed-superfin-willow-cove-and-xelp |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-04-06|website=www.anandtech.com}}</ref> Tiger Lake is based on the Willow Cove microarchitecture and a refined 10&nbsp;nm node.<ref>{{cite web|date=2016-01-20|title=Intel teases its Ice Lake & Tiger Lake family, 10nm for 2018 and 2019|url=https://www.tweaktown.com/news/49816/intel-teases-ice-lake-tiger-family-10nm-2018-2019/index.html |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-02-15|website=TweakTown|language=en-US}}</ref> Intel later released 11th-generation Core desktop processors (codenamed "[[Engineering:Rocket Lake|Rocket Lake]]"), fabricated using Intel's 14&nbsp;nm process and based on the Cypress Cove microarchitecture,<ref name="anandtech">{{cite web |df=mdy-all|date=2020-10-29|title=Intel's 11th Gen Core Rocket Lake Detailed: Ice Lake Core with Xe Graphics|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/16205/intels-11th-gen-core-rocket-lake-detailed-ice-lake-core-with-xe-graphics|publisher=AnandTech}}</ref> on March 30, 2021.<ref>{{cite web|last=March 2021|first=Paul Alcorn 23|title=Intel Rocket Lake Price, Benchmarks, Specs and Release Date, All We Know|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/intel-rocket-lake-release-date-specifications-performance-all-we-know |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-04-06|website=Tom's Hardware|date=March 23, 2021|language=en}}</ref> It replaced Comet Lake desktop processors. All 11th-generation Core processors feature new integrated graphics based on the [[Intel Xe]] microarchitecture.<ref>{{cite web|last=Smith|first=Ryan|title=The Intel Xe-LP GPU Architecture Deep Dive: Building Up The Next Generation|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/15973/the-intel-xelp-gpu-architecture-deep-dive-building-up-from-the-bottom |df=mdy-all |access-date=2021-02-15|website=www.anandtech.com}}</ref>

Both desktop and mobile products were unified under a single process node with the release of 12th-generation Intel Core processors (codenamed "[[Engineering:Alder Lake (microprocessor)|Alder Lake]]") in late 2021.<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Cutress|first=Dr Ian|title=Intel Alder Lake: Confirmed x86 Hybrid with Golden Cove and Gracemont for 2021|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/15979/intel-alder-lake-confirmed-x86-hybrid-with-golden-cove-and-gracemont-for-2021 |df=mdy-all |access-date=2021-02-15|website=www.anandtech.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Dexter|first=Alan|date=2021-04-06|title=Intel Alder Lake CPUs: What are they, when will they launch, and how fast will they be?|url=https://www.pcgamer.com/intel-alder-lake-release-date-specs-performance-price/ |df=mdy-all |access-date=2021-04-07|magazine=PC Gamer|language=en-US}}</ref> This generation will be fabricated using Intel's 7&nbsp;nm process, called Intel 7, for both desktop and mobile processors, and is based on a hybrid architecture utilizing high-performance Golden Cove cores and high-efficiency [[Engineering:Gracemont (microarchitecture)|Gracemont]] (Atom) cores.<ref name=":02"/>

====Meltdown, Spectre, and other security vulnerabilities====
{{Main|Transient execution CPU vulnerability}}
In early January 2018, it was reported that all Intel processors made since 1995<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2018-01-04/intel-chip-flaw-a-security-threat/9303280|title=Processor vulnerabilities could leave most computers open to hackers|first=Ariel|last=Bogle|newspaper=ABC News|date=January 4, 2018|access-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="telegraph2018flaw">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2018/01/03/fix-critical-intel-chip-flaw-will-slow-millions-computers/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2018/01/03/fix-critical-intel-chip-flaw-will-slow-millions-computers/ |archive-date=January 10, 2022 |url-status=live|url-access=subscription |title=Fix for critical Intel chip flaw will slow down millions of computers|website=The Telegraph|first=Margi|last=Murphy|date=January 3, 2018|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|access-date=January 3, 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> (besides Intel Itanium and pre-2013 [[Engineering:Intel Atom|Intel Atom]]) have been subject to two security flaws dubbed [[Meltdown (security vulnerability)|Meltdown]] and [[Spectre (security vulnerability)|Spectre]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/03/kernel-panic-what-are-meltdown-and-spectre-the-bugs-affecting-nearly-every-computer-and-device/|title=Kernel panic! What are Meltdown and Spectre, the bugs affecting nearly every computer and device?|first=Devin|last=Coldewey|date=January 4, 2018 |access-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="wiredflaw">{{cite journal|url=https://www.wired.com/story/critical-intel-flaw-breaks-basic-security-for-most-computers/|title=A Critical Intel Flaw Breaks Basic Security for Most Computers|journal=Wired|access-date=January 4, 2018|last1=Greenberg|first1=Andy}}</ref>

The impact on performance resulting from software patches is "workload-dependent". Several procedures to help protect home computers and related devices from the Spectre and Meltdown security vulnerabilities have been published.<ref name="NYT-20180104">{{cite news |author-last1=Metz |author-first1=Cade |author-last2=Chen |author-first2=Brian X. |title=What You Need to Do Because of Flaws in Computer Chips|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/04/technology/meltdown-spectre-questions.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220103/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/04/technology/meltdown-spectre-questions.html |archive-date=2022-01-03 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |date=January 4, 2018 |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |df=mdy-all |access-date=2018-01-05}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref name="FM-20180105">{{cite web |author-last=Pressman |author-first=Aaron |title=Why Your Web Browser May Be Most Vulnerable to Spectre and What to Do About It |url=http://fortune.com/2018/01/05/spectre-safari-chrome-firefox-internet-explorer/ |date=January 5, 2018 |work=Fortune |df=mdy-all |access-date=2018-01-05}}</ref><ref name="PCW-20180104">{{cite web |author-last=Chacos |author-first=Brad |title=How to protect your PC from the major Meltdown and Spectre CPU flaws |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/3245810/security/how-to-protect-your-pc-meltdown-spectre-cpu-flaws.html |date=January 4, 2018 |work=PC World |access-date=2018-01-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104231745/https://www.pcworld.com/article/3245810/security/how-to-protect-your-pc-meltdown-spectre-cpu-flaws.html |df=mdy-all |archive-date=2018-01-04}}</ref><ref name="CNET-20180104">{{cite web |author-last=Elliot |author-first=Matt |title=Security – How to protect your PC against the Intel chip flaw – Here are the steps to take to keep your Windows laptop or PC safe from Meltdown and Spectre. |url=https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-protect-your-pc-against-the-intel-chip-flaw/ |date=January 4, 2018 |work=CNET |access-date=2018-01-04 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104225045/https://www.cnet.com/how-to/how-to-protect-your-pc-against-the-intel-chip-flaw/ |df=mdy-all |archive-date=2018-01-04}}</ref> Spectre patches have been reported to significantly slow down performance, especially on older computers; on the newer 8th-generation Core platforms, benchmark performance drops of 2–14 percent have been measured.<ref name="PCW-20180109">{{cite web |author-last=Hachman |author-first=Mark |title=Microsoft tests show Spectre patches drag down performance on older PCs |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/3245742/components-processors/microsoft-tests-show-spectre-patches-drag-down-performance-on-older-pcs.html |date=January 9, 2018 |work=PC World |df=mdy-all |access-date=2018-01-09}}</ref> Meltdown patches may also produce performance loss.<ref name="NYT-20180103">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/03/business/computer-flaws.html |title=Researchers Discover Two Major Flaws in the World's Computers |author-last1=Metz |author-first1=Cade |date=January 3, 2018 |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |access-date=2018-01-03 |author-last2=Perlroth |author-first2=Nicole |issn=0362-4331 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103224048/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/03/business/computer-flaws.html |df=mdy-all |archive-date=2018-01-03}}</ref><ref name="bbcflaw">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-42562303 |title=Computer chip scare: What you need to know |date=January 4, 2018 |work=BBC News |df=mdy-all |access-date=2018-01-04}}</ref><ref name="TV-20180104">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/3/16846540/intel-processor-security-flaw-bug-response |title=Intel says processor bug isn't unique to its chips and performance issues are 'workload-dependent' |work=The Verge |df=mdy-all |access-date=2018-01-04}}</ref> It is believed that "hundreds of millions" of systems could be affected by these flaws.<ref name="telegraph2018flaw" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://meltdownattack.com/#faq-systems-spectre|title=Meltdown and Spectre|website=meltdownattack.com|access-date=January 4, 2018}}</ref>

On March 15, 2018, Intel reported that it will redesign its [[Central processing unit|CPUs]] (performance losses to be determined) to protect against the [[Spectre (security vulnerability)|Spectre security vulnerability]], and expects to release the newly redesigned processors later in 2018.<ref name="TVRG-20180315">{{cite news |last=Warren |first=Tom |title=Intel processors are being redesigned to protect against Spectre – New hardware coming later this year |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/15/17123610/intel-new-processors-protection-spectre-vulnerability |date=March 15, 2018 |work=[[The Verge]] |access-date=March 15, 2018}}</ref><ref name="CNET-20180315">{{cite news |last=Shankland |first=Stephen |title=Intel will block Spectre attacks with new chips this year – Cascade Lake processors for servers, coming this year, will fight back against a new class of vulnerabilities, says CEO Brian Krzanich. |url=https://www.cnet.com/news/intel-blocks-spectre-attacks-with-new-server-chips-this-year/ |date=March 15, 2018 |work=CNET |access-date=March 15, 2018}}</ref>

On May 3, 2018, eight additional Spectre-class flaws were reported. Intel reported that they are preparing new patches to mitigate these flaws.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tung|first1=Liam|title=Are 8 new 'Spectre-class' flaws about to be exposed? Intel confirms it's readying fixes {{!}} ZDNet|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/are-8-new-spectre-class-flaws-about-to-be-exposed-intel-confirms-its-readying-fixes/|website=ZDNet|access-date=May 4, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

On August 14, 2018, Intel disclosed three additional chip flaws referred to as L1 Terminal Fault (L1TF). They reported that previously released microcode updates, along with new, pre-release microcode updates can be used to mitigate these flaws.<ref>{{cite news |title=Intel discloses three more chip flaws |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cyber-intel/intel-discloses-three-more-chip-flaws-idUSKBN1KZ280 |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Culbertson |first1=Leslie |title=Protecting Our Customers through the Lifecycle of Security Threats |url=https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/protecting-our-customers-through-lifecycle-security-threats/ |website=Intel Newsroom |access-date=August 16, 2018}}</ref>

On January 18, 2019, Intel disclosed three new vulnerabilities affecting all Intel CPUs, named "Fallout", "RIDL", and "ZombieLoad", allowing a program to read information recently written, read data in the line-fill buffers and load ports, and leak information from other processes and virtual machines.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mdsattacks.com/files/fallout.pdf|title=Fallout: Reading Kernel Writes From User Space|website=RIDL and Fallout: MDS Attacks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516190421/https://mdsattacks.com/files/fallout.pdf|archive-date=2019-05-16 |df=mdy-all|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://mdsattacks.com/files/ridl.pdf|title=RIDL: Rogue In-Flight Data Load|website=RIDL and Fallout: MDS attacks|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517035356/https://mdsattacks.com/files/ridl.pdf |df=mdy-all|archive-date=2019-05-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://zombieloadattack.com/|title=ZombieLoad Attack|website=zombieloadattack.com |df=mdy-all|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> Coffee Lake-series CPUs are even more vulnerable, due to hardware mitigations for [[Spectre (security vulnerability)|Spectre]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}}

On March 5, 2020, computer security experts reported another Intel chip security flaw, besides the [[Meltdown (security vulnerability)|Meltdown]] and [[Spectre (security vulnerability)|Spectre]] flaws, with the systematic name {{CVE|2019-0090}} (or, "Intel CSME Bug").<ref name="ZDNET-20200305">{{cite news |last=Cimpanu |first=Catalin |title=Intel CSME bug is worse than previously thought – Researchers say a full patch requires replacing hardware. Only the latest Intel 10th generation CPUs are not affected. |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/intel-csme-bug-is-worse-than-previously-thought/ |date=March 5, 2020 |work=[[ZDNet]] |access-date=March 8, 2020}}</ref> This newly found flaw is not fixable with a firmware update, and affects nearly "all Intel chips released in the past five years".<ref name="AT-20200305">{{cite news |last=Goodin |first=Dan |title=5 years of Intel CPUs and chipsets have a concerning flaw that's unfixable – Converged Security and Management Engine flaw may jeopardize Intel's root of trust. |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/03/5-years-of-intel-cpus-and-chipsets-have-a-concerning-flaw-thats-unfixable/ |date=March 5, 2020 |work=[[Ars Technica]] |access-date=March 6, 2020}}</ref><ref name="EG-20200306">{{cite news |last=Dent |first=Steve |title=Researchers discover that Intel chips have an unfixable security flaw – The chips are vulnerable during boot-up, so they can't be patched with a firmware update. |url=https://www.engadget.com/2020/03/06/intel-chips-unpatchable-security-flaw/ |date=March 6, 2020 |work=[[Software:Engadget|Engadget]] |access-date=March 6, 2020}}</ref><ref name="INTEL-20200211">{{cite news |author=Staff |title=Intel Converged Security and Management Engine, Intel Server Platform Services, Intel Trusted Execution Engine, and Intel Active Management Technology Advisory (Intel-SA-00213) |url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000033416/technologies.html |date=February 11, 2020 |work=Intel |access-date=March 6, 2020}}</ref>

===Use of Intel products by Apple Inc. (2005–2019)===

On June 6, 2005, [[Biography:Steve Jobs|Steve Jobs]], then CEO of [[Company:Apple Inc.|Apple]], announced that Apple would be transitioning the [[Engineering:Macintosh|Macintosh]] from its long favored [[PowerPC]] architecture to the Intel x86 architecture because the future PowerPC road map was unable to satisfy Apple's needs.<ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{cite web|date=2005-06-06|title=Apple to Transition to Intel Processors|url=https://tidbits.com/2005/06/06/apple-to-transition-to-intel-processors/ |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-02-15|website=TidBITS|language=en}}</ref> This was seen as a win for Intel,<ref name="auto1"/> although an analyst called the move "risky" and "foolish", as Intel's current offerings at the time were considered to be behind those of AMD and IBM.<ref name="Computerworld1" /> The first Mac computers containing Intel CPUs were announced on January 10, 2006, and Apple had its entire line of consumer Macs running on Intel processors by early August 2006. The Apple Xserve server was updated to Intel [[Engineering:Xeon|Xeon]] processors from November 2006 and was offered in a configuration similar to Apple's Mac Pro.<ref name="newmacs">
{{cite news|last=Fried|first=Ina|date=January 12, 2006|title=Jobs: New Intel Macs are 'screamers'|publisher=CNet|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/jobs-new-intel-macs-are-screamers-1/}}</ref>

Despite Apple's use of Intel products, relations between the two companies were strained at times.<ref name="SanJoseMercuryNews1">{{cite news|last1=Chmielewski|first1=Dawn|date=June 7, 2005|title=2005: Changing Apple"s core — Jobs says Intel chips will replace IBM in Macintosh beginning next summer|work=San Jose Mercury News (via Monterey Herald)|url=https://www.montereyherald.com/2015/03/04/2005-changing-apples-core-jobs-says-intel-chips-will-replace-ibm-in-macintosh-beginning-next-summer/|access-date=June 24, 2020}}</ref> Rumors of Apple switching from Intel processors to their own designs began circulating as early as 2011.<ref name="SemiAccurate">{{cite web|last1=Demerjian|first1=Charlie|date=May 5, 2011|title=Apple dumps Intel from laptop lines|url=https://semiaccurate.com/2011/05/05/apple-dumps-intel-from-laptop-lines/|access-date=June 25, 2020|website=SemiAccurate|publisher=Stone Arch Networking Services, Inc.}}</ref> On June 22, 2020, during Apple's annual WWDC, Tim Cook, Apple's CEO, announced that it would be [[Engineering:Mac transition to Apple silicon|transitioning the company's entire Mac line]] from Intel CPUs to [[Engineering:Apple silicon|custom Apple-designed processors]] based on the Arm architecture over the course of the next two years. In the short term, this transition was estimated to have minimal effects on Intel, as Apple only accounted for 2% to 4% of its revenue. However, Apple's shift to its own chips might prompt other PC manufacturers to reassess their reliance on Intel and the x86 architecture.<ref name="Bloomberg1"/><ref name="Jean-Louis Gassée, 2020.06.21"/> By November 2020, Apple unveiled the [[Engineering:Apple M1|M1]], its processor custom-designed for the Mac.<ref name=":12">{{cite web|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=2020-06-22|title=Apple is switching Macs to its own processors starting later this year|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/22/21295475/apple-mac-processors-arm-silicon-chips-wwdc-2020|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622192505/https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/22/21295475/apple-mac-processors-arm-silicon-chips-wwdc-2020|archive-date=June 22, 2020 |df=mdy-all|access-date=2020-06-22|website=The Verge}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2020-12-18|title=How Apple's M1 performs against Intel 11th-gen and AMD Ryzen 4000|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/3600897/tested-how-apples-m1-chip-performs-against-intel-11th-gen-and-amd-ryzen-4000.html |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-02-15|website=PCWorld|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=2021-02-06|title=Intel benchmarks say Apple's M1 isn't faster. Let's reality-check the claims|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/3606592/intel-benchmarks-say-apples-m1-isnt-faster.html |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-02-15|website=PCWorld|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Comparing the Apple M1 MacBook vs the Intel MacBook|url=https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/comparing-the-apple-m1-macbook-vs-the-intel-macbook/articleshow/79733783.cms |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-02-15|website=Business Insider}}</ref>

===Solid-state drives (SSD)===
[[File:Intel 525 mSATA SSD.jpg|thumb|An Intel mSATA SSD]]
In 2008, Intel began shipping mainstream [[Solid-state drive|solid-state drive]]s (SSDs) with up to 160&nbsp;GB storage capacities.<ref name="X25-M1">[http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2008/20080908comp.htm Intel Introduces Solid-State Drives for Notebook and Desktop Computers]. Intel (September 8, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> As with their CPUs, Intel develops SSD chips using ever-smaller nanometer processes. These SSDs make use of industry standards such as NAND flash,<ref>[http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2010/20100201comp.htm Intel, Micron Introduce 25-Nanometer NAND&nbsp;– The Smallest, Most Advanced Process Technology in the Semiconductor Industry]. Intel (February 1, 2010). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> [[Engineering:SATA#mSATA|mSATA]],<ref name="SSD310">[http://www.anandtech.com/show/4078/intels-ssd-310-g2-performance-in-an-msata-form-factor Intel's SSD 310: G2 Performance in an mSATA Form Factor]. AnandTech. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> PCIe, and [[Engineering:NVM Express|NVMe]]. In 2017, Intel introduced SSDs based on [[3D XPoint|3D XPoint]] technology under the Optane brand name.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Tallis|first1=Billy|title=The Intel Optane SSD 900P 280GB Review|url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/11953/the-intel-optane-ssd-900p-review|access-date=January 4, 2018|publisher=Anandtech}}</ref>

In 2021, [[Company:SK Hynix|SK Hynix]] acquired most of Intel's NAND memory business<ref>{{cite web|title=SK hynix to Acquire Intel NAND Memory Business|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/news-releases/nand-memory-news/ |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-02-15|website=Intel Newsroom|language=en-US}}</ref> for $7 billion, with a remaining transaction worth $2 billion expected in 2025.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel Sells SSD Business and Dalian Facility to SK hynix|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/intel-sells-ssd-business-dalian-facility-sk-hynix.html |date=2021-12-29|website=Intel|language=en}}</ref> Intel also discontinued its consumer Optane products in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-01-19|title=Intel quietly kills its face-melting Optane desktop SSDs|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/3604093/intel-quietly-kills-its-face-melting-optane-desktop-ssds.html |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-02-15|website=PCWorld|language=en}}</ref> In July 2022, Intel disclosed in its Q2 earnings report that it would cease future product development within its Optane business, which in turn effectively discontinued the development of 3D XPoint as a whole.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/17515/intel-to-wind-down-optane-memory-business |title=Intel To Wind Down Optane Memory Business – 3D XPoint Storage Tech Reaches Its End |date=28 July 2022 |work=[[AnandTech]] |first=Ryan |last=Smith |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Supercomputers===
The Intel Scientific Computers division was founded in 1984 by [[Biography:Justin Rattner|Justin Rattner]], to design and produce [[Parallel computing|parallel computers]] based on Intel microprocessors connected in [[Hypercube internetwork topology|hypercube internetwork topology]].<ref name="wilson-1994">{{cite web|last=Wilson|first=Gregory|year=1994|title=The History of the Development of Parallel Computing|url=http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Parallel.html|access-date=November 11, 2010}}</ref> In 1992, the name was changed to the Intel Supercomputing Systems Division, and development of the [[IWarp|iWarp]] architecture was also subsumed.<ref name="cmu-iwarp">{{cite web|title=iWarp Project|url=http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/iwarp/archive/WWW-pages/iwarp.html|access-date=November 11, 2010|publisher=[[Organization:Carnegie Mellon University|Carnegie Mellon University]]}}</ref> The division designed several [[Supercomputer|supercomputer]] systems, including the [[Intel iPSC]]/1, iPSC/2, iPSC/860, [[Intel Paragon|Paragon]] and ASCI Red. In November 2014, Intel stated that it was planning to use [[Engineering:Optical fiber|optical fiber]]s to improve networking within supercomputers.<ref>{{citation|last=Shah|first=Agam|title=Intel turns to light beams to speed up supercomputers|date=November 17, 2014|url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2848400/components-processors/intel-turns-to-light-beams-to-speed-up-supercomputers.html|publisher=Computerworld}}</ref>

===Fog computing===
On November 19, 2015, Intel, alongside [[Company:Arm|Arm]], [[Company:Dell|Dell]], [[Company:Cisco Systems|Cisco Systems]], [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]], and [[Organization:Princeton University|Princeton University]], founded the [[Organization:OpenFog Consortium|OpenFog Consortium]], to promote interests and development in [[Fog computing|fog computing]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/janakirammsv/2016/04/18/is-fog-computing-the-next-big-thing-in-internet-of-things/2/#1971ac3a34c9|title=Is Fog Computing the Next Big Thing in the Internet of Things|last=Janakiram|first=MSV|date=April 18, 2016|work=Forbes Magazine|access-date=April 18, 2016}}</ref> Intel's Chief Strategist for the IoT Strategy and Technology Office, Jeff Fedders, became the consortium's first president.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.openfogconsortium.org/about-us/#governance|title=About Us – OpenFog Consortium|website=www.openfogconsortium.org|access-date=October 19, 2016|archive-date=December 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201043330/https://www.openfogconsortium.org/about-us/#governance|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Self-driving cars===
Intel is one of the biggest stakeholders in the [[Engineering:Self-driving car|self-driving car]] industry, having joined the race in mid 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/09/intel-has-joined-the-self-driving-car-race.html|title=Intel has joined the self-driving car race|last=Balakrishnan|first=Anita|date=August 9, 2017|website=CNBC}}</ref> after joining forces with Mobileye.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/automotive/autonomous-vehicles.html|title=The Next Era of Driving is Here|website=Intel}}</ref> The company is also one of the first in the sector to research consumer acceptance, after an AAA report quoted a 78% nonacceptance rate of the technology in the U.S.<ref name=":11">{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/08/24/intel-studies-how-to-make-people-accept-self-driving-cars/|title=Intel studies how to make people accept self-driving cars|last=Baldwin|first=Roberto|date=August 24, 2017}}</ref>

[[Engineering:Self-driving car#Levels of driving automation|Safety levels]] of autonomous driving technology, the thought of abandoning control to a machine, and psychological comfort of passengers in such situations were the major discussion topics initially. The commuters also stated that they did not want to see everything the car was doing. This was primarily a referral to the auto-steering wheel with no one sitting in the driving seat. Intel also learned that voice control regulator is vital, and the interface between the humans and machine eases the discomfort condition, and brings some sense of control back.<ref name=":10">{{cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/intel-studies-self-driving-car-tackling-question-consumer-ahmad/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308202559/https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/intel-studies-self-driving-car-tackling-question-consumer-ahmad/|url-status=dead|archive-date=March 8, 2021|title=Intel Studies the Self-Driving Car: Tackling the Question of Consumer Acceptance|last=Ahmad|first=Taseer|date=August 29, 2017|website=LinkedIn Pulse|access-date=October 2, 2017}}</ref> It is important to mention that Intel included only 10 people in this study, which makes the study less credible.<ref name=":11" /> In a video posted on YouTube,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YdEjbHzMAiM| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/YdEjbHzMAiM| archive-date=2021-12-11 | url-status=live|title=Trust and Autonomous Driving|website=Youtube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Intel accepted this fact and called for further testing.

=== Programmable devices ===

Intel formed a new business unit called the Programmable Solutions Group (PSG) on completion of its [[Company:Altera|Altera]] acquisition.<ref name="acq-altera">{{Cite web |last=Darrow |first=Barb |date=December 28, 2015 |title=Altera Gives Intel a Hot Hand in Programmable Chips |url=https://fortune.com/2015/12/28/intel-completes-altera-acquisition/ |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref> Intel has since sold [[Engineering:Stratix|Stratix]], Arria, and Cyclone FPGAs. In 2019, Intel released [[Engineering:Agilex|Agilex]] FPGAs: chips aimed at data centers, 5G applications, and other uses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fuse.wikichip.org/news/2182/intel-introduces-10nm-agilex-fpgas-customized-connectivity-with-hbm-ddr5-pcie-gen-5-and-112g-transceivers/|title=Intel Introduces 10nm Agilex FPGAs; Customized Connectivity with HBM, DDR5, PCIe Gen 5, and 112G Transceivers|first=David|last=Schor|date=April 2, 2019}}</ref>

In October 2023, Intel announced it would be spinning off PSG into a separate company at the start of 2024, while maintaining majority ownership.<ref name="psg-spinoff1">{{Cite news |last=King |first=Ian |date=October 3, 2023 |title=Intel to Make Former Altera Into Standalone Business, Seek IPO |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-10-03/intel-to-make-former-altera-into-standalone-business-seek-ipo |publisher={{wipe|Bloomberg News}}}}</ref>

===Competition, antitrust and espionage===
By the end of the 1990s, [[Engineering:Microprocessor|microprocessor]] performance had outstripped software demand for that CPU power.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}} Aside from high-end server systems and software, whose demand dropped with the end of the "[[Dot-com bubble|dot-com bubble]]",<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tedlow |first=Richard S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zQamXENAalkC&dq=microprocessor+demand+dropped+with+the+end+of+the+%22dot-com+bubble%22&pg=PR15 |title=Andy Grove: The Life and Times of an American Business Icon |date=2007 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-59184-182-1 |language=en}}</ref> consumer systems ran effectively on increasingly low-cost systems after 2000.

Intel's strategy was to develop processors with better performance in a short time, from the appearance of one to the other, as seen with the appearance of the Pentium II in May 1997, the Pentium III in February 1999, and the Pentium 4 in the fall of 2000, making the strategy ineffective since the consumer did not see the innovation as essential,<ref>{{Cite book |last1=McDonough |first1=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZLtCQAAQBAJ&dq=new+intel+processors+made+older+ones+obsolete&pg=PA1239 |title=The Advertising Age Encyclopedia of Advertising |last2=Egolf |first2=Karen |date=2015-06-18 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-94906-8 |language=en}}</ref> and leaving an opportunity for rapid gains by competitors, notably [[Engineering:AMD|AMD]]. This, in turn, lowered the profitability{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}} of the processor line and ended an era of unprecedented dominance of the PC hardware by Intel.{{Citation needed|date=July 2007}}

Intel's dominance in the [[X86|x86]] microprocessor market led to numerous charges of antitrust violations over the years, including FTC investigations in both the late 1980s and in 1999, and civil actions such as the 1997 suit by [[Company:Digital Equipment Corporation|Digital Equipment Corporation]] (DEC) and a patent suit by [[Company:Intergraph|Intergraph]]. Intel's market dominance (at one time{{When|date=May 2009}} it controlled over 85% of the market for 32-bit x86 microprocessors) combined with Intel's own hardball legal tactics (such as its infamous 338 patent suit versus PC manufacturers)<ref>{{Cite news|last=McCausland|first=Richard|date=May 24, 1993|title=Counterpunch: Amx86 buyers get 'legal aid.' – Advanced Micro Devices offers legal aid to manufactures of Amx86-based machines warned by Intel Corp. to take out patent licenses|work=FindArticles|publisher=LookSmart Ltd.|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_n1964_v39/ai_13901771|url-status=dead|access-date=July 12, 2007|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091001091856/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_n1964_v39/ai_13901771|archive-date=October 1, 2009}}</ref> made it an attractive target for litigation, culminating in Intel agreeing to pay AMD $1.25 billion and grant them a perpetual patent cross-license in 2009 as well as several anti-trust judgements in Europe, Korea, and Japan.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Intel criticizes, AMD applauds Japan anti-monopoly ruling |url=https://www.edn.com/intel-criticizes-amd-applauds-japan-anti-monopoly-ruling/ |last=Clarke |first=Peter |date=2005-03-08 |access-date=2022-10-15 |work=EDN}}{{Cite news |title=Korea fines Intel $25 million for antitrust violations |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/2786059/korea-fines-intel--25-million-for-antitrust-violations.html |last=Schwankert |first=Steven |date=2008-06-05 |access-date=2022-10-15 |work=Computerworld}}{{Cite news |title=Intel to pay AMD $1.25 billion, settle disputes |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-intel-amd/intel-to-pay-amd-1-25-billion-settle-disputes-idUSTRE5AB2LL20091112 |last=Lawsky |first=David |date=2009-11-12 |access-date=2022-10-15 |work=Reuters}}</ref>

A case of [[Industrial espionage|industrial espionage]] arose in 1995 that involved both Intel and AMD. [[Biography:Bill Gaede|Bill Gaede]], an {{wipe|Argentina}} formerly employed both at AMD and at Intel's Arizona plant, was arrested for attempting in 1993 to sell the [[Engineering:I486|i486]] and [[Engineering:P5 (microarchitecture)|P5]] Pentium designs to AMD and to certain foreign powers.<ref name="intel-spy">{{Cite news|date=October 20, 1995|title=Worker Pleads Not Guilty in Intel Spy Case|work=The New York Times|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE7D81239F933A15753C1A963958260|access-date=July 12, 2007}}</ref> Gaede videotaped data from his computer screen at Intel and mailed it to AMD, which immediately alerted Intel and authorities, resulting in Gaede's arrest. Gaede was convicted and sentenced to 33 months in prison in June 1996.<ref name="Guillermo Gaede">{{Cite news|date=June 25, 1996|title=Ex-Intel Engineer Sentenced to Prison Term|work=The New York Times|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E01E0DE1239F936A15755C0A960958260|access-date=July 12, 2007}}</ref><ref name="Guilty">{{Cite news|date=March 25, 1996|title=Ex-Intel employee pleads guilty – Guillermo Gaede pleads guilty to stealing Intel trade secrets – Industry Legal Issue|work=findarticles.com|publisher=LookSmart, Ltd.|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_n2109_v42/ai_18135525|url-status=dead|access-date=July 12, 2007|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091001091817/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_n2109_v42/ai_18135525|archive-date=October 1, 2009}}</ref>

==Corporate affairs==
===Leadership and corporate structure===
[[File:Otellini Barrett Maloney.jpg|thumb|Paul Otellini, Craig Barrett and Sean Maloney in 2006]]
[[Biography:Robert Noyce|Robert Noyce]] was Intel's CEO at its founding in 1968, followed by co-founder Gordon Moore in 1975. Andy Grove became the company's president in 1979 and added the CEO title in 1987 when Moore became chairman. In 1998, Grove succeeded Moore as chairman, and Craig Barrett, already company president, took over. On May 18, 2005, Barrett handed the reins of the company over to Paul Otellini, who had been the company president and COO and who was responsible for Intel's design win in the original IBM PC. The board of directors elected Otellini as president and CEO, and Barrett replaced Grove as [[Organization:Board of directors|Chairman of the Board]]. Grove stepped down as chairman but is retained as a special adviser. In May 2009, Barrett stepped down as chairman of the board and was succeeded by Jane Shaw. In May 2012, Intel vice chairman Andy Bryant, who had held the posts of CFO (1994) and Chief Administrative Officer (2007) at Intel, succeeded Shaw as executive chairman.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2012/01/20/intel-announces-management-changes |title=Intel Announces Management Changes|publisher=Intel|date=January 20, 2012|access-date=December 25, 2012}}</ref>

In November 2012, president and CEO Paul Otellini announced that he would step down in May 2013 at the age of 62, three years before the company's mandatory retirement age. During a six-month transition period, Intel's board of directors commenced a search process for the next CEO, in which it considered both internal managers and external candidates such as Sanjay Jha and Patrick Gelsinger.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel CEO Paul Otellini to step down in May, leaves a legacy of x86 dominance|url=https://www.engadget.com/2012/11/19/intel-ceo-paul-otellini-to-step-down-in-may/ |work=Engadget|publisher=AOL Inc|access-date=May 16, 2013|author=Terrence O'Brien|date=November 19, 2012}}</ref> Financial results revealed that, under Otellini, Intel's revenue increased by 55.8 percent (US$34.2 to 53.3 billion), while its net income increased by 46.7% (US$7.5 billion to 11 billion),<ref>{{cite web|title=On the Impact of Paul Otellini's CEO Years at Intel|url=http://techpinions.com/on-the-impact-of-paul-otellinis-ceo-years-at-intel/15800 |work=Tech.pinions|access-date=May 16, 2013|author=Peter Kastner|date=May 6, 2013}}</ref> proving that his illegal business practices were more profitable than the fines levied against the company as punishment for employing them.

On May 2, 2013, Executive Vice President and COO [[Biography:Brian Krzanich|Brian Krzanich]] was elected as Intel's sixth CEO,<ref name="Alexis">{{cite web|title=Paul Otellini's Intel: Can the Company That Built the Future Survive It?|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/05/can-the-company-that-built-the-future-survive-it/275825/ |work=The Atlantic Monthly|publisher=The Atlantic Media Group|access-date=May 16, 2013|author=ALEXIS C. MADRIGAL|date=May 16, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828034416/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/05/paul-otellinis-intel-can-the-company-that-built-the-future-survive-it/275825/ |archive-date=August 28, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> a selection that became effective on May 16, 2013, at the company's annual meeting. Reportedly, the board concluded that an insider could proceed with the role and exert an impact more quickly, without the need to learn Intel's processes, and Krzanich was selected on such a basis.<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2013/05/02/intel-board-elects-brian-krzanich-as-ceo |title=Intel Board Elects Brian Krzanich as CEO|publisher=Intel|access-date=May 4, 2013}}</ref> Intel's software head Renée James was selected as president of the company, a role that is second to the CEO position.<ref>{{cite news|title=Intel's CEO Pick Is Predictable, but Not Its No. 2|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324766604578458650267324178 |access-date=May 16, 2013|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=May 2, 2013|author=DON CLARK|author2=JOANN S. LUBLIN}}</ref>

As of May 2013, Intel's board of directors consists of Andy Bryant, John Donahoe, Frank Yeary, Ambassador Charlene Barshefsky, Susan Decker, Reed Hundt, Paul Otellini, James Plummer, David Pottruck, and David Yoffie and Creative director will.i.am. The board was described by former ''Financial Times'' journalist Tom Foremski as "an exemplary example of corporate governance of the highest order" and received a rating of ten from GovernanceMetrics International, a form of recognition that has only been awarded to twenty-one other corporate boards worldwide.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meet Intel's King Makers – A Truly Exemplary Board Of Directors|url=http://www.siliconvalleywatcher.com/mt/archives/2013/05/meet_intels_king_make.php|work=Silicon Valley Watcher|publisher=Tom Foremski|access-date=May 16, 2013|author=Tom Foremski|date=May 1, 2013|archive-date=May 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526193228/http://www.siliconvalleywatcher.com/mt/archives/2013/05/meet_intels_king_make.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>

On June 21, 2018, Intel announced the resignation of Brian Krzanich as CEO, with the exposure of a relationship he had with an employee. Bob Swan was named interim CEO, as the Board began a search for a permanent CEO.

On January 31, 2019, Swan transitioned from his role as CFO and interim CEO and was named by the Board as the seventh CEO to lead the company.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/news/swan-email-intel-employees-customers-partners/ |title=Robert (Bob) Swan's Email to Intel Employees, Customers and Partners on First Day as CEO|website=Intel Newsroom|language=en-US |df=mdy-all|access-date=2019-01-31}}</ref>

On January 13, 2021, Intel announced that Swan would be replaced as CEO by Pat Gelsinger, effective February 15. Gelsinger is a former Intel chief technology officer who had previously been head of VMWare.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fitch |first1=Asa |title=Intel Ousts CEO Bob Swan |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-ceo-bob-swan-steps-down-11610548665 |access-date=January 14, 2021 |work={{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}} |date=January 13, 2021}}</ref>

In October 2023, Intel announced it would be spinning off its Programmable Solutions Group business unit into a separate company at the start of 2024, while maintaining majority ownership and intending to seek an IPO within three years to raise funds.<ref name="psg-spinoff1" /><ref name="spinoff2">{{Cite web |last=Leswing |first=Kif |date=October 3, 2023 |title=Intel plans to IPO programmable chip unit within three years; stock rises after hours |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/10/03/intel-plans-to-ipo-programmable-chip-unit-within-three-years.html |publisher={{wipe|CNBC}}}}</ref>

===Board of directors===
{{As of| March 2023}}:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/board-of-directors.html?filters=[-7300596454,2661798488 |title=Intel Board |access-date=March 8, 2023}}</ref>
* Frank D. Yeary (chairman), managing member of Darwin Capital
* Pat Gelsinger, CEO of Intel<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/intels-new-ceo-shows-signs-hes-ready-to-over-deliver-11638980510|title = Intel's new CEO shows signs he's ready to over-deliver}}</ref>
* James Goetz, managing director of Sequoia Capital
* [[Biography:Andrea Goldsmith (engineer)|Andrea Goldsmith]], dean of engineering and applied science at [[Organization:Princeton University|Princeton University]]
* Alyssa Henry, [[Company:Square, Inc.|Square, Inc.]] executive
* Omar Ishrak, chairman and former CEO of [[Company:Medtronic|Medtronic]]
* Risa Lavizzo-Mourey, former president and CEO of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
* Tsu-Jae King Liu, professor at the UC Berkeley College of Engineering
* Barbara G. Novick, co-founder of [[Company:BlackRock|BlackRock]]
* Gregory Smith, CFO of [[Company:Boeing|Boeing]]
* Dion Weisler, former president and CEO of [[Company:HP Inc.|HP Inc.]]
* Lip-Bu Tan, executive chairman of Cadence Design Systems

===Employment===
[[File:Intel Costa 12 2007 SJO 105b.jpg|thumb|Intel microprocessor facility in Costa Rica was responsible in 2006 for 20% of Costa Rican exports and 4.9% of the country's GDP.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eleconomista.es/empresas-finanzas/noticias/81837/10/06/Intel-supone-el-49-por-ciento-del-PIB-de-Costa-Rica.html |title=Intel supone el 4,9 por ciento del PIB de Costa Rica|date=October 6, 2006|newspaper=El Economista|access-date=April 13, 2008|language=es}}</ref>]]

Intel has a mandatory retirement policy for its CEOs when they reach age 65. Andy Grove retired at 62, while both Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore retired at 58. Grove retired as chairman and as a member of the board of directors in 2005 at age 68.

Intel's headquarters are located in Santa Clara, California, and the company has [[List of Intel manufacturing sites|operations around the world]]. Its largest workforce concentration anywhere is in Washington County, Oregon<ref name="oregonian-2012oct">{{cite news|last=Rogoway|first=Mike|title=Intel makes a bet on the future, and Oregon, with massive Hillsboro expansion|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=October 24, 2012|location=Portland, Oregon|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2012/10/intel_makes_a_bet_on_oregon_an.html|access-date=August 9, 2015}}</ref> (in the Portland metropolitan area's "Silicon Forest"), with 18,600 employees at several facilities.<ref name="oregonian-2015aug8">{{cite news|last=Rogoway|first=Mike|title=Intel layoffs: Employees say chipmaker changed the rules, undermining 'meritocracy'|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=August 8, 2015|url=http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon-forest/index.ssf/2015/08/intel_layoffs_former_employees.html |access-date=August 9, 2015}}</ref> Outside the United States, the company has facilities in China, Costa Rica, Malaysia, Israel, Ireland, India, {{wipe|Russia}}, Argentina and Vietnam, in 63 countries and regions internationally. In March 2022, because of International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War, Intel stopped supplying Russian market.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.interfax.ru/business/826190|title=Intel приостановила поставки своей продукции в Россию и Белоруссию|language=ru|date=2022-03-04|publisher=Интерфакс}}</ref> In the U.S. Intel employs significant numbers of people in California, Colorado, {{wipe|Massachusetts}}, Arizona, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, {{wipe|Washington (state)}} and Utah. In Oregon, Intel is the state's largest private employer.<ref name="oregonian-2015aug8" /><ref name="businessprofile">Suh, Elizabeth (October 28, 2007). [http://www.oregonlive.com/special/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/news/1192589730189230.xml&coll=7 Home of Oregon's largest employer and much more.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061822/http://www.oregonlive.com/special/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/news/1192589730189230.xml&coll=7 |date=March 4, 2016 }} ''The Oregonian''.</ref> The company is the largest industrial employer in New Mexico while in Arizona the company has 12,000 employees as of January 2020.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel in Arizona|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/corporate-responsibility/intel-in-arizona.html |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-02-14|website=Intel|language=en}}</ref>

Intel invests heavily in research in China and about 100 researchers{{snd}}or 10% of the total number of researchers from Intel{{snd}}are located in Beijing.<ref>Mads Ølholm, semiaccurate. [http://semiaccurate.com/2011/06/13/intel-chinese-microprocessor-development-inefficient/ "Intel: Chinese microprocessor development inefficient"]. June 13, 2011. Retrieved June 20, 2011.</ref>

In 2011, the Israeli government offered Intel $290 million to expand in the country. As a condition, Intel would employ 1,500 more workers in Kiryat Gat and between 600 and 1000 workers in the north.<ref>Peter Clarke, ''EE Times''. [http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4218253/Israel-Intel-grant-expand "Israel offers Intel $290 million for expansion"]. July 27, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011.</ref>

In January 2014, it was reported that Intel would cut about 5,000 jobs from its workforce of 107,000. The announcement was made a day after it reported earnings that missed analyst targets.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://venturebeat.com/2014/01/17/intel-to-cut-more-than-5000-employees/#! |title=Intel to cut more than 5,000 employees |publisher= Venture Beat |date=January 18, 2014}}</ref>

In March 2014, it was reported that Intel would embark upon a $6 billion plan to expand its activities in Israel. The plan calls for continued investment in existing and new Intel plants until 2030. {{As of|2014}}, Intel employs 10,000 workers at four development centers and two production plants in Israel.<ref>IsraelBizReg{{snd}}Israel Company Profiles. [https://www.israelbizreg.com/blog/intel-invest-6-billion-israel-unprecedented-deal "Intel to invest $6 billion in Israel in unprecedented deal"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140911155307/https://www.israelbizreg.com/blog/intel-invest-6-billion-israel-unprecedented-deal|date=September 11, 2014}}. May 8, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2014.</ref>

Due to declining PC sales, in 2016 Intel cut 12,000 jobs.<ref>{{cite web|last=King|first=Ian|date=April 19, 2016|title=Intel to Cut 12,000 Jobs, Forecast Misses Amid PC Blight|website={{wipe|Bloomberg News}}|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-04-19/intel-cuts-12-000-jobs-forecast-misses-as-pc-blight-takes-toll}}</ref> In 2021, Intel reversed course under new CEO Pat Gelsinger and started hiring thousands of engineers.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bylund|first=Anders|date=2021-04-24|title=Here's Why Intel Stock Crashed After a Great Q1 Report|url=https://www.fool.com/investing/2021/04/24/heres-why-intel-stock-crashed-after-a-great-q1-rep/|website=The Motley Fool|language=en}}</ref>

==== Diversity ====
Intel has a Diversity Initiative, including employee diversity groups as well as supplier diversity programs.<ref name="Intel Diversity">{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/index.htm |title=Jobs at Intel – Diversity |access-date=July 28, 2007 |publisher=Intel Corporation}}</ref> Like many companies with employee diversity groups, they include groups based on race and nationality as well as sexual identity and religion. In 1994, Intel sanctioned one of the earliest corporate Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender employee groups,<ref name="gay">[http://www.intelglbt.org/ Intel Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual or Transgender Employees Home Page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209204620/http://www.intelglbt.org/ |date=February 9, 2007}}. Intelglbt.org (July 16, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> and supports a Muslim employees group,<ref name="IMEG">{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=13 |title=Jobs at Intel – Diversity, Employee Groups (Intel Muslim Employee Group) |access-date=July 28, 2007 |publisher=Intel Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060624003954/http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=13 |archive-date=June 24, 2006}}</ref> a Jewish employees group,<ref name="IJC">{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=11 |title=Jobs at Intel – Diversity, Employee Groups (Intel Jewish Community) |access-date=July 28, 2007 |publisher=Intel Corporation |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080202081009/http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=11 |archive-date=February 2, 2008}}</ref> and a Bible-based Christian group.<ref name="IBCN">{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=7 |title=Jobs at Intel – Diversity, Employee Groups (Intel Bible-Based Christian Network) |access-date=July 28, 2007 |publisher=Intel Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311222133/http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=7 |archive-date=March 11, 2007}}</ref><ref name="IBCN website">[http://ibcn.org/ Intel Bible-Based Christian Network (IBCN) website]. IBCN (April 8, 2011). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>

Intel has received a 100% rating on numerous [[Social:Corporate Equality Index|Corporate Equality Indices]] released by the Human Rights Campaign including the first one released in 2002. In addition, the company is frequently named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers by ''Working Mother'' magazine.

In January 2015, Intel announced the investment of $300 million over the next five years to enhance gender and racial diversity in their own company as well as the technology industry as a whole.<ref name="GamasutraIntel">[http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/233716/Intel_to_invest_300_million_in_tech_game_diversity.php Intel to invest $300 million in tech, game diversity]. Graft, Kris. Gamasutra. January 7, 2015</ref><ref name="PCM">[https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2474749,00.asp Intel Announces $300 Million Tech Diversity Initiative]. Moscaritolo, Angela. ''PC Magazine''. January 7, 2015</ref><ref name="Intel">[http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2015/01/06/intel-ceo-outlines-future-of-computing Intel CEO Outlines Future of Computing]. Intel, January 6, 2015</ref><ref>Nick Wingfield, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/07/technology/intel-budgets-300-million-for-diversity.html Intel Budgets $300 Million for Diversity]", ''The New York Times''</ref><ref name="WiredUK">[https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-01/07/intel-diversity Intel announces fund for greater tech diversity] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150225035112/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-01/07/intel-diversity |date=February 25, 2015}}. Kamen, Matt. Wired UK, January 7, 2015.</ref>

In February 2016, Intel released its Global Diversity & Inclusion 2015 Annual Report.<ref name="Intel Diversity Report 2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/diversity/diversity-in-technology-annual-report.html |title=Intel Diversity Report 2015 |access-date=February 5, 2016 |publisher=Intel Corporation}}</ref> The male-female mix of US employees was reported as 75.2% men and 24.8% women. For US employees in technical roles, the mix was reported as 79.8% male and 20.1% female.<ref name="Intel Diversity Report 2015" /> NPR reports that Intel is facing a retention problem (particularly for African Americans), not just a pipeline problem.<ref name="NPR Report Intel Diversity">{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/02/03/465270938/intel-discloses-diversity-data-challenges-tech-industry-to-follow-suit |title=Intel Discloses Diversity Data, Challenges Industry to Follow Suit |newspaper=NPR.org |access-date=February 5, 2016 |publisher=National Public Radio}}</ref>

====Economic impact in Oregon in 2009====
In 2011, ECONorthwest conducted an [[Finance:Economic impact analysis|economic impact analysis]] of Intel's economic contribution to the state of Oregon. The report found that in 2009 "the total economic impacts attributed to Intel's operations, capital spending, contributions and taxes amounted to almost $14.6 billion in activity, including $4.3 billion in personal income and 59,990 jobs".<ref>{{cite news|last=Eckert|first=Kurt|title=Intel Boosts County, State Economies|newspaper=Hillsboro Argus|date=October 18, 2011|url= http://www.oregonlive.com/argus/index.ssf/2011/10/intel_boosts_county_state_econ.html}}</ref> Through multiplier effects, every 10 Intel jobs supported, on average, was found to create 31 jobs in other sectors of the economy.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=ECONorthwest|title=Economic Impacts of Intel's Oregon Operations, 2009|date=October 2011|url=http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/reports/intel-oregon-economic-impact-report.pdf}}</ref>

=== Intel Israel ===
Intel has been operating in the State of [[Place:Israel|Israel]] since Dov Frohman founded the Israeli branch of the company in 1974 in a small office in Haifa. Intel Israel currently has development centers in Haifa, [[Place:Jerusalem|Jerusalem]] and Petah Tikva, and has a manufacturing plant in the Kiryat Gat industrial park that develops and manufactures microprocessors and communications products. Intel employed about 10,000 employees in Israel in 2013. Maxine Fesberg has been the CEO of Intel Israel since 2007 and the Vice President of Intel Global. In December 2016, Fesberg announced her resignation, her position of [[Social:Chief executive officer|chief executive officer]] (CEO) has been filled by Yaniv Gerti since January 2017.

===Key acquisitions and investments (2010–present)===
In 2010, Intel purchased [[Company:McAfee|McAfee]], a manufacturer of computer security technology, for $7.68&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite news|title=Intel in $7.68bn McAfee takeover|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11025866|work=BBC News  |access-date=August 19, 2010|date=August 19, 2010}}</ref> As a condition for regulatory approval of the transaction, Intel agreed to provide rival security firms with all necessary information that would allow their products to use Intel's chips and personal computers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel wins conditional approval from EU for McAfee acquisition of $ 7.68&nbsp;billion|url=http://techshrimp.com/2011/01/26/intel-wins-conditional-approval-from-eu-for-mcafee-acquisition-of-7-68-billion/|publisher=TechShrimp|access-date=January 26, 2011|date=January 26, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129221008/http://techshrimp.com/2011/01/26/intel-wins-conditional-approval-from-eu-for-mcafee-acquisition-of-7-68-billion/|archive-date=January 29, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> After the acquisition, Intel had about 90,000 employees, including about 12,000 software engineers.<ref name="wsj2011">[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703808704576062073117494078 "Microsoft Alliance With Intel Shows Age"], January 4, 2011 ''{{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}}'' article</ref> In September 2016, Intel sold a majority stake in its computer-security unit to TPG Capital, reversing the five-year-old McAfee acquisition.<ref>By Dana Mattioli, Matt Jarzemsky and Don Clark, The Wall Street Journal. "[https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-nears-deal-to-sell-mcafee-security-unit-to-tpg-1473277803 Intel Agrees to Sell Majority Stake in Security Unit to TPG]." September 7, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.</ref>

In August 2010, Intel and [[Company:Infineon Technologies|Infineon Technologies]] announced that Intel would acquire Infineon's Wireless Solutions business.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100831182126/http://www.zdnet.co.uk/news/mobile-devices/2010/08/31/intel-buys-infineons-wireless-wing-for-4g-lift-off-40089960/ Intel buys Infineon's wireless wing for 4G lift-off], a August 31, 2010, ZDNet</ref> Intel planned to use Infineon's technology in laptops, smart phones, netbooks, tablets and embedded computers in consumer products, eventually integrating its wireless modem into Intel's silicon chips.<ref>[http://www.institutionalinvestor.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2726870 Intel CFO Talks About Acquisition Strategy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119053058/http://www.institutionalinvestor.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2726870 |date=January 19, 2012 }}, ''Institutional Investor''</ref>

In March 2011, Intel bought most of the assets of Cairo-based SySDSoft.<ref>Dean Takahashi, VentureBeat. [https://venturebeat.com/2011/03/14/intel-buys-4g-lte-sysdsoft-in-egypt/ "Intel buys 4G wireless software firm SySDSoft"]. March 14, 2011. Retrieved March 17, 2011.</ref>

In July 2011, Intel announced that it had agreed to acquire Fulcrum Microsystems Inc., a company specializing in network switches.<ref name=EETimes>Dylan McGrath, ''EE Times''. [http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4217982/Fulcrum-buy-could-signal-shift-for-Intel- "Fulcrum buy could signal shift for Intel"]. July 19, 2011. Retrieved July 20, 2011.</ref> The company used to be included on the EE Times list of 60 Emerging Startups.<ref name=EETimes/>

In October 2011, Intel reached a deal to acquire Telmap, an Israeli-based navigation software company. The purchase price was not disclosed, but Israeli media reported values around $300 million to $350 million.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/03/technology/intel-reaches-deal-to-acquire-navigation-software-maker.html|title=Intel Reaches Deal to Acquire Navigation Software Maker|newspaper={{wipe|The New York Times}}|agency=Reuters|date=October 2, 2011|access-date=October 25, 2022}}</ref>

In July 2012, Intel agreed to buy 10% of the shares of [[Company:ASML Holding|ASML Holding]] NV for $2.1 billion and another $1 billion for 5% of the shares that need shareholder approval to fund relevant research and development efforts, as part of a EUR3.3 billion ($4.1 billion) deal to accelerate the development of 450-millimeter wafer technology and extreme ultra-violet lithography by as much as two years.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-07-09/intel-agrees-to-buy-10-stake-in-asml-for-about-2-1-billion.html |title=Intel Investing $4.1 Billion in ASML to Speed Production |date=July 11, 2012 | work=Bloomberg |first=Ian |last=King}}</ref>

In July 2013, Intel confirmed the acquisition of Omek Interactive, an Israeli company that makes technology for gesture-based interfaces, without disclosing the monetary value of the deal. An official statement from Intel read: "The acquisition of Omek Interactive will help increase Intel's capabilities in the delivery of more immersive perceptual computing experiences." One report estimated the value of the acquisition between US$30 million and $50 million.<ref name="Omek">{{cite web|title=Gesture In The Picture, As Intel Picks Up Omek But PrimeSense Dismisses Apple Acquisition Rumors|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/07/16/gesture-in-the-picture-as-intel-reportedly-picks-up-omek-but-primesense-dismisses-apple-acquisition-rumors/|work=TechCrunch|publisher=AOL Inc.|access-date=September 14, 2013|author=Ingrid Lunden|date=July 16, 2013}}</ref>

The acquisition of a Spanish natural language recognition startup, Indisys was announced in September 2013. The terms of the deal were not disclosed but an email from an Intel representative stated: "Intel has acquired Indisys, a privately held company based in Seville, Spain. The majority of Indisys employees joined Intel. We signed the agreement to acquire the company on May 31 and the deal has been completed." Indysis explains that its artificial intelligence (AI) technology "is a human image, which converses fluently and with common sense in multiple languages and also works in different platforms".<ref name="Ai">{{cite web|title=Intel Has Acquired Natural Language Processing Startup Indisys, Price "North" Of $26M, To Build Its AI Muscle|url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/09/13/intel-has-acquired-natural-language-processing-startup-indisys-price-north-of-26m/?ncid=tcdaily|work=TechCrunch|publisher=AOL Inc|access-date=September 14, 2013|author=Ingrid Lunden|date=September 13, 2013}}</ref>

In December 2014, Intel bought PasswordBox.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://thenextweb.com/apps/2014/12/01/intel-acquires-identity-management-service-passwordbox/ | title=Intel acquires identity management service PasswordBox | work=The Next Web | access-date=December 1, 2014}}</ref>

In January 2015, Intel purchased a 30% stake in Vuzix, a smart glasses manufacturer. The deal was worth $24.8 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/1/5/7493439/intel-buys-stake-in-google-glass-rival-vuzix |website= The Verge |title=Intel buys $25 million stake in Google Glass rival Vuzix |access-date=January 6, 2014}}</ref>

In February 2015, Intel announced its agreement to purchase German network chipmaker Lantiq, to aid in its expansion of its range of chips in devices with Internet connection capability.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/lantiq-ma-intel-idUKL6N0VB0DP20150202 |title=Intel buys former Infineon "Internet of Things" chip unit Lantiq |work=Reuters |access-date=February 2, 2015 |date=February 2, 2015}}</ref>

In June 2015, Intel announced its agreement to purchase FPGA design company [[Company:Altera|Altera]] for $16.7 billion, in its largest acquisition to date.<ref name="The Wall Street Journal">{{cite news|url = https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-agrees-to-buy-altera-for-16-7-billion-1433162006 |title=Intel Agrees to Buy Altera for $16.7 Billion |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=June 1, 2015 |first1=Don |last1=Clark |first2=Dana |last2=Cimilluca |date=June 1, 2015}}{{Subscription required}}</ref> The acquisition completed in December 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.eweek.com/servers/intel-completes-16.7-billion-altera-deal.html |title=Intel Completes $16.7 Billion Altera Deal |last=Burt |first=Jeffrey |date=December 28, 2015 |work=eWeek |access-date=December 29, 2015}}</ref>

In October 2015, Intel bought [[Cognitive computing|cognitive computing]] company [[Company:Saffron Technology|Saffron Technology]] for an undisclosed price.<ref name=saffron>{{cite magazine|magazine=Fortune|title=Intel buys Saffron AI because it can't afford to miss the next big thing in tech again|url=http://fortune.com/2015/10/26/intel-buys-saffron/|date=October 26, 2015|access-date=January 28, 2015}}</ref>

In August 2016, Intel purchased deep-learning startup [[Company:Nervana Systems|Nervana Systems]] for over $400 million.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fried|first1=Ina|title=Intel is paying more than $400 million to buy deep-learning startup Nervana Systems|url=http://www.recode.net/2016/8/9/12413600/intel-buys-nervana--350-million|access-date=August 9, 2016|archive-date=April 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430030653/https://www.recode.net/2016/8/9/12413600/intel-buys-nervana--350-million|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In December 2016, Intel acquired computer vision startup [[Company:Movidius|Movidius]] for an undisclosed price.<ref name="movidius">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/intel-to-buy-semiconductor-startup-movidius-1473170441 |title=Intel to Buy Semiconductor Startup Movidius |first1=Don |last1=Clark |first2=Joshua |last2=Jamerson |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=September 6, 2016 |via=www.wsj.com}}</ref>

In March 2017, Intel announced that they had agreed to purchase [[Company:Mobileye|Mobileye]], an Israeli developer of "autonomous driving" systems for US$15.3 billion.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|title=Intel buys driverless car technology firm Mobileye|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-39253422|access-date=March 13, 2017|work=BBC|date=March 13, 2017}}</ref>

In June 2017, Intel Corporation announced an investment of over {{INRConvert|1100|c}} for its upcoming Research and Development (R&D) centre in Bangalore, India.<ref>''Hindustan Times''. [http://www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/intel-investing-rs-1-100-cr-in-india-afresh-to-generate-3000-jobs/story-SMJnOffvm2Y4vyuTSWnLTK.html "Intel Corporation investing Rs 1,100 crore in India afresh"]. June 14, 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2017.</ref>

In January 2019, Intel announced an investment of over $11 billion on a new Israeli chip plant, as told by the Israeli Finance Minister.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-intel-idUSKCN1PM2GT|title=Intel to invest $11 billion on new Israeli chip plant: Israel...|date=2019-01-29|work=Reuters |df=mdy-all|access-date=2019-01-29|language=en}}</ref>

In November 2021, Intel recruited some of the employees of the [[Company:Centaur Technology|Centaur Technology]] division from [[Company:VIA Technologies|VIA Technologies]], a deal worth $125 million, and effectively acquiring the talent and knowhow of their x86 division.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Ryan |title=VIA To Offload Parts of x86 Subsidiary Centaur to Intel For $125 Million |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/17049/via-to-offload-parts-of-x86-subsidiary-centaur-to-intel-for-125-million |access-date=11 November 2021 |work=AnandTech |date=5 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Dobberstein |first1=Laura |title=Intel pays VIA $125m to acquire its x86 design talent |url=https://www.theregister.com/2021/11/08/via_sells_centaur_staff_to_intel/ |access-date=11 November 2021 |work=The Register |date=8 November 2021}}</ref> VIA retained the x86 licence and associated patents, and its Zhaoxin CPU joint-venture continues.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tomshardware.com/news/last-x86-via-chip-centuar-cns-cpu-tested |title=The Last x86 Via Chip: Unreleased Next-Gen Centaur CNS Saved From Trash Bin, Tested &#124; Tom's Hardware |publisher=Tomshardware.com |date= February 20, 2022|accessdate=2022-07-18}}</ref>

In December 2021, Intel said it will invest $7.1 billion to build a new chip-packaging and testing factory in Malaysia. The new investment will expand the operations of its Malaysian subsidiary across Penang and Kulim, creating more than 4,000 new Intel jobs and more than 5,000 local construction jobs.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-12-16|title=Intel to invest $7 billion in new plant in Malaysia, creating 9,000 jobs|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/16/intel-to-invest-7-billion-in-new-malaysia-plant-creating-9000-jobs.html|access-date=2021-12-20|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref>

In December 2021, Intel announced its plan to take Mobileye automotive unit via an [[Finance:Initial public offering|IPO]] of newly issued stock in 2022, maintaining its majority ownership of the company.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Metz|first1=Cade|title=Intel will take its Mobileye automotive unit public in 2022|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/06/technology/intel-mobileye-ipo.html|work=The New York Times|date=6 December 2021}}</ref>

In February 2022, Intel agreed to acquire Israeli chip manufacturer [[Company:Tower Semiconductor|Tower Semiconductor]] for $5.4 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Intel nears $6 billion deal to buy Tower Semiconductor|url=https://money.yahoo.com/intel-nearing-6-billion-deal-221806593.html|access-date=2022-02-15|website=Yahoo|date=February 14, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-02-15|title=Intel to acquire contract chipmaker Tower Semiconductor for $5.4B |url=https://venturebeat.com/2022/02/15/intel-to-acquire-contract-chipmaker-tower-semiconductor-for-5-4b/ |first=Paul|last=Sawers |website=VentureBeat|language=en-US}}</ref> In August 2023, Intel terminated the acquisition as it failed to obtain approval from Chinese regulators within the 18-month transaction deadline.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Intel scraps $5.4 bln Tower deal after China review delay|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/intel-walk-away-54-bln-acquisition-tower-semiconductor-sources-2023-08-16/-sources-2023-08-16/|access-date=2023-08-16|website=Reuters|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Clark|first1=Don|last2=Bradsher|first2=Keith|date=2023-08-16|title=China Scuttles a $5.4 Billion Microchip Deal Led by U.S. Giant Intel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/16/business/intel-tower-semiconductor-china.html|access-date=2023-08-16|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}</ref>

In May 2022, Intel announced that they have acquired Finnish graphics technology firm Siru innovations. The firm founded by ex-AMD Qualcomm mobile GPU engineers, is focused on developing software and silicon building blocks for GPU's made by other companies and is set to join Intel's fledgling Accelerated Computing Systems and Graphics Group.<ref>{{cite journal|date=3 May 2022|url=https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/03/intel_siru_innovations/|title= Intel acquires graphics tech biz founded by ex-AMD, Qualcomm engineers|journal=The Register|access-date=6 May 2022}}</ref>

In May 2022, it was announced that Ericsson and Intel, are pooling research and development to create high-performing cloud [[Physics:Radio access network|RAN]] solutions.{{buzzword inline|date=December 2023}}
The organisations have pooled to launch a tech hub in California, US. The hub focuses on the benefits that Ericsson Cloud RAN and Intel technology can bring to: improving energy efficiency and network performance, reducing time to market, and monetizing new business opportunities such as enterprise applications.<ref>{{cite journal|date=17 May 2022|url=https://www.telecomtv.com/content/open-ran/ericsson-and-intel-launch-global-cloud-ran-tech-hub-44483/|title=Ericsson and Intel launch global Cloud RAN Tech Hub|journal=Telecom TV|access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>

===Ultrabook fund (2011)===
In 2011, Intel Capital announced a new fund to support startups working on technologies in line with the company's concept for next-generation notebooks.<ref name="ultrabook">Rick Merritt, ''EE Times''. [http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4218699/Intel-Capital-launches--300M-ultrabook-fund "Intel Capital launches $300M ultrabook fund"]. August 10, 2011. Retrieved August 11, 2011.</ref> The company is setting aside a $300 million fund to be spent over the next three to four years in areas related to ultrabooks.<ref name="ultrabook" /> Intel announced the ultrabook concept at Computex in 2011. The ultrabook is defined as a thin (less than 0.8&nbsp;inches [~2&nbsp;cm] thick<ref name="jeffrey" />) notebook that utilizes Intel processors<ref name="jeffrey" /> and also incorporates tablet features such as a touch screen and long battery life.<ref name="ultrabook" /><ref name="jeffrey" />

At the Intel Developers Forum in 2011, four Taiwan ODMs showed prototype ultrabooks that used Intel's Ivy Bridge chips.<ref>Rick Merritt, ''EE Times''. [http://eetimes.com/electronics-news/4227333/Intel-shows-progress-on-ultrabook-vision "Intel shows progress on ultrabook vision"]. September 14, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2011.</ref> Intel plans to improve power consumption of its chips for ultrabooks, like new Ivy Bridge processors in 2013, which will only have 10W default thermal design power.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shilov|first=Anton|title=Intel Readies "Ivy Bridge" Processors with 7W – 13W Power Consumption.|url=http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20121205221523_Intel_Readies_Ivy_Bridge_Processors_with_10W_and_13W_Thermal_Design_Power.html|publisher=X-bit labs|access-date=February 19, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130214120949/http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20121205221523_Intel_Readies_Ivy_Bridge_Processors_with_10W_and_13W_Thermal_Design_Power.html|archive-date=February 14, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Intel's goal for Ultrabook's price is below $1000;<ref name="jeffrey">Jeffrey Burt, ''eWeek''. [http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Mobile-and-Wireless/Intel-Ultrabook-Partners-Look-for-Cut-in-Chip-Prices-Report-830199/ "Intel Ultrabook Partners Look for Cut in Chip Prices: Report"]. September 20, 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2011.</ref> however, according to two presidents from Acer and Compaq, this goal will not be achieved if Intel does not lower the price of its chips.<ref>Aaron Lee & Joseph Tsai, ''DigiTimes''. [http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20110919PD214.html "Intel downstream partners request CPU price drop"]. September 20, 2011. Retrieved September 28, 2011.</ref>

=== Open source support ===
Intel has a significant participation in the [[Open-source software|open source]] communities since 1999.<ref>{{cite web|title=About|website=01.org|url=https://01.org/zh/about|access-date=November 26, 2014|archive-date=September 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903232144/https://01.org/zh/about|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Self-published source|date=August 2018}} For example, in 2006 Intel released MIT-licensed [[Software:X.Org Server|X.org]] drivers for their integrated graphic cards of the i965 family of chipsets. Intel released [[Software:FreeBSD|FreeBSD]] drivers for some networking cards,<ref>{{cite web|date=November 27, 2005|title=FreeBSD Kernel Interfaces Manual|url=http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em|access-date=August 5, 2007|work=freebsd.org|publisher=The FreeBSD Project}}</ref> available under a BSD-compatible license,<ref name="bsd.em">{{cite web|author=Intel Corporation|editor=[[Organization:OpenBSD|OpenBSD]]|title=if_em.c (Intel PRO/1000 10/100/Gigabit Ethernet device)|url=http://bxr.su/OpenBSD/sys/dev/pci/if_em.c|website=BSD Cross Reference, OpenBSD src/sys/dev/pci/}}</ref> which were also ported to [[Organization:OpenBSD|OpenBSD]].<ref name="bsd.em" /> Binary [[Firmware|firmware]] files for non-wireless [[Ethernet]] devices were also released under a BSD licence allowing [[Freely redistributable software|free redistribution]].<ref>{{cite web|title=fxp/fxp-license|url=http://bxr.su/OpenBSD/sys/dev/microcode/fxp/fxp-license|website=BSD Cross Reference, OpenBSD src/sys/dev/microcode/}}</ref> Intel ran the Moblin project until April 23, 2009, when they handed the project over to the [[Organization:Linux Foundation|Linux Foundation]]. Intel also runs the ''LessWatts.org'' campaigns.<ref>[http://www.lesswatts.org/about.php About] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603083454/http://www.lesswatts.org/about.php|date=June 3, 2008}}. Lesswatts.org. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>

However, after the release of the wireless products called Intel Pro/Wireless 2100, 2200BG/2225BG/2915ABG and 3945ABG in 2005, Intel was criticized for not granting free redistribution rights for the [[Firmware|firmware]] that must be included in the operating system for the wireless devices to operate.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Varghese|first=Sam|date=March 1, 2005|title=OpenBSD to support more wireless chipsets|work=The Age|publisher=The Age Company Ltd|location=Melbourne, Australia|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2005/03/01/1109546842718.html|access-date=August 5, 2007}}</ref> As a result of this, Intel became a target of campaigns to allow free operating systems to include binary firmware on terms acceptable to the [[Free software movement|open source community]]. [[Software:Linspire|Linspire]]-[[Software:Linux|Linux]] creator Michael Robertson outlined the difficult position that Intel was in releasing to [[Open-source model|open source]], as Intel did not want to upset their large customer [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]].<ref name="M.Robertson">{{cite web|last=Robertson|first=Michael|date=March 19, 2003|title=Is Intel's "Centrino" Techno-Latin for "No Linux?"|url=http://www.michaelrobertson.com/archive.php?minute_id=56|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028082001/http://michaelrobertson.com/archive.php?minute_id=56|archive-date=October 28, 2005|access-date=August 5, 2007|work=michaelrobertson.com}}</ref> Theo de Raadt of [[Organization:OpenBSD|OpenBSD]] also claimed that Intel is being "an Open Source fraud" after an Intel employee presented a distorted view of the situation at an open source conference.<ref name="Theo">{{cite web|last=de Raadt|first=Theo|date=September 30, 2006|title=Intel: Only "Open" for Business|url=http://www.undeadly.org/cgi?action=article&sid=20060930232710&mode=expanded|access-date=August 5, 2007|work=[[OpenBSD Journal]]}}</ref> In spite of the significant negative attention Intel received as a result of the wireless dealings, the binary firmware <!--, as of (please add the date),--> still has not gained a license compatible with free software principles.<ref>{{cite web|date=February 15, 2014|title=ipw – Intel PRO/Wireless 2100 IEEE 802.11b wireless network device, Sh FILES|url=http://bxr.su/OpenBSD/share/man/man4/ipw.4#92|access-date=December 28, 2014|website=BSD Cross Reference, OpenBSD share/man/man4/|quote=These firmware files are not free because Intel refuses to grant distribution rights without contractual obligations. As a result, even though OpenBSD includes the driver, the firmware files cannot be included and users have to find these files on their own. The official person to state your views to about this issue is majid.awad@intel.com.}} See also: [http://mdoc.su/o/ipw.4 ipw], [http://mdoc.su/o/iwi.4 iwi], [http://mdoc.su/o/wpi.4 wpi] and [http://mdoc.su/o/iwn.4 ≠].</ref>

Intel has also supported other open source projects such as [[Software:Blender|Blender]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Foundation|first=Blender|title=Intel signs up as Corporate Patron|url=https://www.blender.org/press/intel-signs-up-as-corporate-patron/|access-date=2021-12-22|website=blender.org|language=en}}</ref> and [[Software:Open 3D Engine|Open 3D Engine]].<ref>{{cite web|title=O3DE|url=https://o3de.org/|access-date=2021-12-22|website=o3de.org}}</ref>

== Corporate identity ==<!-- This section is linked from [[X86|X86 architecture]]. -->

=== Logo ===
{{multiple image
| header            = Logo history
| total_width       = 150
| direction         = vertical
| image1            = Intel_Logo.svg
| caption1          = 1968–2006
| image2            = Intel-logo.svg
| caption2          = 2006–2020
| image3            = Intel logo (2020, light blue).svg
| caption3          = 2020–2022
| image4            = Intel logo 2023.svg
| caption4          = 2022-current
}}

In its history, Intel has had three logos. The first Intel logo featured the company's name stylized in all lowercase, with the letter e dropped below the other letters. The second logo was inspired by the "Intel Inside" campaign, featuring a swirl around the Intel brand name.<ref>{{cite web|last=Swant|first=Marty|title=Intel CMO Karen Walker Says New Logo And Rebrand Focuses On The Future|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/martyswant/2020/09/02/intel-cmo-karen-walker-says-new-logo-and-rebrand-focuses-on-the-future/ |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-02-15|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref>

The third logo, introduced in 2020, was inspired by the previous logos. It removes the swirl as well as the classic blue color in almost all parts of the logo, except for the dot in the "i".<ref name="Intel 2020 logo">{{cite news|last=Walker|first=Karen|date=September 2, 2020|title=Sparking the Next Era for the Intel Brand|work=Intel Newsroom|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/intel-brand-karen-walker/|access-date=September 4, 2020}}</ref>

===Intel Inside===
{{multiple image
| total_width       = 150
| direction         = vertical
| image1            = Intel Inside Logo (1968-2003).svg
| caption1          = The "Intel Inside" logo used from 1991 to 2003
| image2            = Intel Inside Logo (2003-2006).svg
| caption2          = The "Intel Inside" logo used from 2003 to 2006
| align             = 
| alt1              = 
}}

Intel has become one of the world's most recognizable computer brands following its long-running ''Intel Inside'' [[Finance:Advertising campaign|campaign]]. The idea for "Intel Inside" came out of a meeting between Intel and one of the major computer resellers, MicroAge.<ref name="Mion">Ronald J. Mion, former Vice President of Marketing (2/88-7/89), MicroAge, cited February, 2016</ref>

In the late 1980s, Intel's market share was being seriously eroded by upstart competitors such as [[Engineering:AMD|AMD]], Zilog, and others who had started to sell their less expensive microprocessors to computer manufacturers. This was because, by using cheaper processors, manufacturers could make cheaper computers and gain more market share in an increasingly price-sensitive market. In 1989, Intel's Dennis Carter visited MicroAge's headquarters in Tempe, Arizona, to meet with MicroAge's VP of Marketing, Ron Mion. MicroAge had become one of the largest distributors of Compaq, IBM, HP, and others and thus was a primary{{snd}}although indirect{{snd}}driver of demand for microprocessors. Intel wanted MicroAge to petition its computer suppliers to favor Intel chips. However, Mion felt that the marketplace should decide which processors they wanted. Intel's counterargument was that it would be too difficult to educate PC buyers on why Intel microprocessors were worth paying more for.<ref name="Mion" />

Mion felt that the public did not really need to fully understand why Intel chips were better, they just needed to feel they were better. So Mion proposed a market test. Intel would pay for a MicroAge billboard somewhere saying, "If you're buying a personal computer, make sure it has Intel inside." In turn, MicroAge would put "Intel Inside" stickers on the Intel-based computers in their stores in that area. To make the test easier to monitor, Mion decided to do the test in Boulder, Colorado, where it had a single store. Virtually overnight, the sales of personal computers in that store dramatically shifted to Intel-based PCs. Intel very quickly adopted "Intel Inside" as its primary branding and rolled it out worldwide.<ref name="Mion" /> As is often the case with computer lore, other tidbits have been combined to explain how things evolved. "Intel Inside" has not escaped that tendency and there are other "explanations" that had been floating around.

Intel's branding campaign started with "The Computer Inside" tagline in 1990 in the U.S. and Europe. The Japan chapter of Intel proposed an "Intel in it" tagline and kicked off the Japanese campaign by hosting EKI-KON (meaning "Station Concert" in Japanese) at the Tokyo railway station dome on Christmas Day, December 25, 1990. Several months later, "The Computer Inside" incorporated the Japan idea to become "Intel Inside" which eventually elevated to the worldwide branding campaign in 1991, by Intel marketing manager Dennis Carter.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel Inside Program: Anatomy of a Brand Campaign|url=http://www.intel.com/pressroom/intel_inside.htm|publisher=Intel Corporation|access-date=July 22, 2011}}</ref> A case study, "Inside Intel Inside", was put together by Harvard Business School.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=29096|title=Inside Intel Inside|first1=Youngme E.|last1=Moon |first2=Christina L.|last2=Darwall|id=Harvard Business School Case 502-083|date=June 2002}}</ref> The five-note jingle was introduced in 1994 and by its tenth anniversary was being heard in 130 countries around the world. The initial branding agency for the "Intel Inside" campaign was DahlinSmithWhite Advertising of Salt Lake City.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/18/business/media-business-advertising-small-american-agency-for-intel-now-inside-huge.html |title=The small American agency for Intel is now inside a huge worldwide parent company, Euro RSCG. |date=March 18, 1996 |last=Elliot |first=Stuart |work={{wipe|The New York Times}}}}</ref> The Intel ''swirl'' logo was the work of DahlinSmithWhite art director Steve Grigg under the direction of Intel president and CEO Andy Grove.{{citation needed|date=February 2016}}

The ''Intel Inside'' advertising campaign sought public brand loyalty and awareness of Intel processors in consumer computers.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Intel plans a huge fall campaign for Pentium, its latest and most powerful computer chip.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/24/business/media-business-advertising-intel-plans-huge-fall-campaign-for-pentium-its-latest.html | first=Stuart | last=Elliott | date=August 24, 1994 | work=The New York Times}}</ref> Intel paid some of the advertiser's costs for an ad that used the ''Intel Inside'' logo and xylo-marimba jingle.<ref>{{cite web|title=Intel mulls branding for handheld chips |url=http://news.cnet.com/Intel-mulls-branding-for-handheld-chips/2100-1041_3-1014468.html|first=Richard|last=Shim|date=June 9, 2003|website=CNET}}</ref>

In 2008, Intel planned to shift the emphasis of its Intel Inside campaign from traditional media such as television and print to newer media such as the Internet.<ref name="IHT" /> Intel required that a minimum of 35% of the money it provided to the companies in its co-op program be used for online marketing.<ref name="IHT">{{Cite news|first=Stuart |last=Elliott |title='Intel inside' ad campaign shifts focus to the Web |date=October 11, 2007 |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/10/11/business/adco.php?WT.mc_id=atomtechnology |work=International Herald Tribune |access-date=October 12, 2007}}</ref> The Intel 2010 annual financial report indicated that $1.8 billion (6% of the gross margin and nearly 16% of the total net income) was allocated to all advertising with Intel Inside being part of that.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.intc.com/intelAR2010/financial/statements/note2/ |title=Intel 2010 Annual Report |publisher=Intel |year=2010 |access-date=July 23, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520021742/http://www.intc.com/intelAR2010/financial/statements/note2/ |archive-date=May 20, 2015 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

===Intel jingle===
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The D{{music|b}}–D{{music|b}}–G{{music|flat}}–D{{music|flat}}–A{{music|flat}} xylophone/[[Engineering:Marimba|marimba]] jingle, known as the "Intel bong",<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://au.pcmag.com/chipsets-processors/68384/intel-is-changing-its-logo-and-iconic-five-note-bong-sound|title=Intel Is Changing Its Logo and Iconic, Five-Note Bong Sound|author=Michael Kan|magazine=PCMag|date=September 3, 2020|access-date=October 25, 2022}}</ref> used in Intel advertising was produced by Musikvergnuegen and written by Walter Werzowa, once a member of the Austrian 1980s sampling band Edelweiss.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Paul Morley|title=Boot me up, Dessie|url=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4774366-111639,00.html|work=The Observer|location=London|date=October 19, 2003|access-date=January 17, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080205232833/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4774366-111639,00.html|archive-date=February 5, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Intel jingle was made in 1994 to coincide with the launch of the Pentium. It was modified in 1999 to coincide with the launch of the [[Engineering:Pentium III|Pentium III]], although it overlapped with the 1994 version which was phased out in 2004. Advertisements for products featuring Intel processors with prominent MMX branding featured a version of the jingle with an embellishment (shining sound) after the final note.

The jingle was remade a second time in 2004 to coincide with the new logo change.{{citation needed|date=September 2023}} Again, it overlapped with the 1999 version and was not mainstreamed until the launch of the Core processors in 2006, with the melody unchanged.

Another remake of the jingle debuted with Intel's new visual identity.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sparking the Next Era for the Intel Brand|author=Karen Walker|date=September 2, 2020|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/editorials/intel-brand-karen-walker/|access-date=February 15, 2021|website=Intel Newsroom}}</ref> The company has made use of numerous variants since its rebranding in 2020 (while retaining the mainstream 2006 version).

===Processor naming strategy===
In 2006, Intel expanded its promotion of open specification platforms beyond [[Engineering:Centrino|Centrino]], to include the [[Engineering:Intel Viiv|Viiv]] media center PC and the business desktop Intel vPro.

In mid-January 2006, Intel announced that they were dropping the long running ''Pentium'' name from their processors. The Pentium name was first used to refer to the P5 core Intel processors and was done to comply with court rulings that prevent the trademarking of a string of numbers, so competitors could not just call their processor the same name, as had been done with the prior 386 and 486 processors (both of which had copies manufactured by IBM and AMD). They phased out the Pentium names from mobile processors first, when the new [[Engineering:Yonah (microprocessor)|Yonah]] chips, branded [[Engineering:Intel Core|Core]] Solo and Core Duo, were released. The desktop processors changed when the Core 2 line of processors were released. By 2009, Intel was using a [[Finance:Good–better–best|good–better–best]] strategy with Celeron being good, Pentium better, and the Intel Core family representing the best the company has to offer.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/166973/intels_chip_renaming_strategy_meets_resistance.html |title=Intel's Chip Renaming Strategy Meets Resistance |last=Shah |first=Agam |work=PC World |access-date=June 22, 2009 |archive-date=June 22, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090622062304/http://www.pcworld.com/article/166973/intels_chip_renaming_strategy_meets_resistance.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

According to spokesman Bill Calder, Intel has maintained only the Celeron brand, the Atom brand for netbooks and the vPro lineup for businesses. Since late 2009, Intel's mainstream processors have been called Celeron, Pentium, Core i3, Core i5, Core i7, and Core i9 in order of performance from lowest to highest. The 1st-generation Core products carry a 3 digit name, such as i5 750, and the 2nd-generation products carry a 4 digit name, such as the i5 2500, and from 10th-generation onwards, Intel processors will have a 5 digit name, such as i9 10900K for desktop. In all cases, a 'K' at the end of it shows that it is an unlocked processor, enabling additional overclocking abilities (for instance, 2500K). vPro products will carry the Intel Core i7 vPro processor or the Intel Core i5 vPro processor name.<ref name="Mag">{{Cite news |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2348923,00.asp |title=Intel Simplifying its Processor Branding |last=Hachman |first=Mark |date=June 17, 2009 |work=PC Magazine |access-date=July 6, 2009}}</ref> In October 2011, Intel started to sell its Core i7-2700K "Sandy Bridge" chip to customers worldwide.<ref>Anton Shilov, XBitLabs. [http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20111024150841_Intel_Quietly_Starts_to_Sell_New_Unlocked_Core_i7_Chip.html "Intel Quietly Starts to Sell New 'Unlocked' Core i7 Chip"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026194759/http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20111024150841_Intel_Quietly_Starts_to_Sell_New_Unlocked_Core_i7_Chip.html |date=October 26, 2011}}. October 24, 2011. Retrieved October 26, 2011.</ref>

Since 2010, "Centrino" is only being applied to Intel's WiMAX and Wi-Fi technologies.<ref name="Mag" />

In 2022, Intel announced that they are dropping the Pentium and Celeron naming schemes for their desktop and laptop entry level processors. The "Intel Processor" branding will be replacing the old Pentium and Celeron naming schemes starting in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intel drops the Celeron and Pentium names for its low-end laptop CPUs (updated) |url=https://www.engadget.com/intel-drops-celeron-pentium-processor-names-175806870.html |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=Engadget |date=September 16, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Ryan |title=Intel to Drop Celeron and Pentium Branding From Laptop Parts In 2023 |url=https://www.anandtech.com/show/17579/intel-to-drop-celeron-and-pentium-branding-from-laptop-parts-in-2023 |access-date=2022-09-22 |website=www.anandtech.com}}</ref>

In 2023, Intel announced that they will be dropping the 'i' in their future processor markings. For example, products such as Core i9, will now be called Core 9. Ultra will be added to the endings of processors that are in the higher end, such as Core Ultra 9.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-21 |title=Intel drops 'i' processor branding after 15 years, introduces 'Ultra' for higher-end chips |url=https://www.engadget.com/intel-drops-i-processor-branding-after-15-years-introduces-ultra-for-higher-end-chips-130100277.html |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=Engadget |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollister |first=Sean |date=2023-06-15 |title=Intel is officially killing off the "i" in Core i7 — as it goes Ultra |url=https://www.theverge.com/21559670/intel-core-rebrand |access-date=2023-10-13 |website=The Verge |language=en}}</ref>

===Typography===
Neo Sans Intel is a customized version of Neo Sans based on the Neo Sans and Neo Tech, designed by Sebastian Lester in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fontmeme.com/intel-font/|title=Intel Font and Intel Logo|website=fontmeme.com|access-date=December 20, 2017|archive-date=June 7, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607013814/https://fontmeme.com/intel-font/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It was introduced alongside Intel's rebranding in 2006. Previously, Intel used Helvetica as its standard typeface in corporate marketing.

Intel Clear is a global font announced in 2014 designed for to be used across all communications.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsroom.intel.com/chip-shots/chip-shot-intel-clear-designed-to-optimize-communications/|title=Chip Shot: Intel Clear Designed to Optimize Communications|website=Intel Newsroom}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2014/05/intel-unveils-its-new-brand-typeface/|title=Intel unveils its new brand typeface – Webdesigner Depot|date=May 20, 2014}}</ref> The font family was designed by Red Peek Branding and Dalton Maag<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/cmo/2014/04/07/whats-different-about-intel/|title=What's Different About Intel?|first=Nathalie|last=Tadena|date=April 7, 2014|access-date=December 20, 2017|archive-date=December 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053331/https://blogs.wsj.com/cmo/2014/04/07/whats-different-about-intel/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Initially available in Latin, Greek and Cyrillic scripts, it replaced Neo Sans Intel as the company's corporate typeface.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://adage.com/creativity/work/intel-clear/34786|title=Intel Introduces 'Clear,' a Font for the Digital World|date=April 10, 2014|website=adage.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://adage.com/article/digital/inside-intel-s-proprietary-font-design/292577|title=&#124; Ad Age|date=April 16, 2014|website=adage.com}}</ref> Intel Clear Hebrew, Intel Clear Arabic were added by Dalton Maag Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.daltonmaag.com/work/intel|title=Dalton Maag – Intel|website=www.daltonmaag.com}}</ref> Neo Sans Intel remained in logo and to mark processor type and socket on the packaging of Intel's processors.

In 2020, as part of a new visual identity, a new typeface, Intel One, was designed. It replaced Intel Clear as the font used by the company in most of its branding, however, it is used alongside Intel Clear typeface.<ref>{{cite web|title=Explore Intel's Visual Brand Identity|url=https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/company-overview/visual-brand-identity.html |df=mdy-all|access-date=2021-02-15|website=Intel|language=en}}</ref> In logo, it replaced Neo Sans Intel typeface. However, it is still used to mark processor type and socket on the packaging of Intel's processors.

===Intel Brand Book===
It is a book produced by Red Peak Branding as part of new brand identity campaign, celebrating Intel's achievements while setting the new standard for what Intel looks, feels and sounds like.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://red-peak.com/work/intelbrandbook|title=Intel Brand Book – RedPeak|date=January 1, 2018|website=RedPeak|access-date=December 20, 2017|archive-date=December 27, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227192019/http://red-peak.com/work/intelbrandbook|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Charity==
[[File:"Little Bear Blue", Paddington Bear, Noel Street - geograph.org.uk - 4268839.jpg|thumb|upright|Paddington Bear statue in London designed by Intel, auctioned for the NSPCC]]
In November 2014, Intel designed a Paddington Bear statue—themed "Little Bear Blue"—one of fifty statues created by various celebrities and companies which were located around London.<ref name="statues"/> Created prior to the release of the film ''Paddington'', the Intel designed statue was located outside [[Company:Framestore|Framestore]] in Chancery Lane, London, a British visual-effects company which uses Intel technology for films including ''Paddington''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Paddington: the technology behind the small bear from Darkest Peru |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/11270786/Paddington-the-technology-behind-the-small-bear-from-Darkest-Peru.html |access-date=25 November 2023 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> The statues were then auctioned to raise funds for the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC).<ref name="statues">{{cite news |title=Why Paddington Bear Statues Have Taken Over London |url=https://www.cntraveler.com/galleries/2014-11-24/paddington-bear-statues-taken-over-london-david-beckham-benedict-cumberbatch |access-date=25 November 2023 |work=Condé Nast}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Murphy |first=Shaunna |title=Emma Watson Designed A Paddington Bear For Charity And It's Freaking Adorable |url=https://www.mtv.com/news/1984950/emma-watson-paddington-bear/ |date=3 November 2014 |access-date=25 November 2023 |publisher=MTV}}</ref>

==Litigations and regulatory disputes==

===Patent infringement litigation (2006–2007)===
In October 2006, a [[Company:Transmeta#Lawsuit against Intel Corporation|Transmeta lawsuit]] was filed against Intel for patent infringement on computer architecture and power efficiency technologies.<ref name="Transmeta lawsuit 2006">{{cite news|title=Transmeta Announces Patent Infringement Lawsuit Against Intel Corporation |date=October 11, 2006 |publisher=Transmeta Corporation |url=http://investor.transmeta.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=214275 |work=investor.transmeta.com (Press release) |access-date=July 28, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070501122930/http://investor.transmeta.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=214275 |archive-date=May 1, 2007}}</ref> The lawsuit was settled in October 2007, with Intel agreeing to pay US$150&nbsp;million initially and US$20&nbsp;million per year for the next five years. Both companies agreed to drop lawsuits against each other, while Intel was granted a perpetual non-exclusive license to use current and future patented Transmeta technologies in its chips for 10 years.<ref name="Reuters October 24, 2007">{{cite news|title=Transmeta settles patent suit with Intel |date=October 24, 2007 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/technology-media-telco-SP/idUSWNAS782620071024 |work=Reuters |access-date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>

===Antitrust allegations and litigation (2005–2023)===

In September 2005, Intel filed a response to an AMD lawsuit,<ref name="Intel response September 1, 2005">{{cite news|title=Intel Files Response To AMD Complaint |date=September 1, 2005 |url=http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/20050901corp.htm |publisher=Intel Corporation (Press release) |access-date=July 28, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060624004033/http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/20050901corp.htm |archive-date=June 24, 2006}}</ref> disputing AMD's claims, and claiming that Intel's business practices are fair and lawful. In a rebuttal, Intel deconstructed AMD's offensive strategy and argued that AMD struggled largely as a result of its own bad business decisions, including underinvestment in essential manufacturing capacity and excessive reliance on contracting out chip foundries.<ref name="Forbes September 2, 2005">{{cite news|first=David |last=Whelan |title=Intel's Legal Strategy Takes Shape |date=September 2, 2005 |url=https://www.forbes.com/technology/2005/09/02/intel-amd-antitrust-cz_dw_0902intel.html |work=Forbes |access-date=July 28, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051001170040/http://forbes.com/technology/2005/09/02/intel-amd-antitrust-cz_dw_0902intel.html |archive-date=October 1, 2005 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Legal analysts predicted the lawsuit would drag on for a number of years, since Intel's initial response indicated its unwillingness to settle with AMD.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/AMD_Intel_Battle.pdf |title=AMD, Intel Battle Wages On As EU Decision Nears |access-date=January 7, 2008 |date=March 20, 2006 |work=AMD |publisher=Portfolio Media, Inc |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080216022410/http://www.amd.com/us-en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/AMD_Intel_Battle.pdf |archive-date=February 16, 2008}}</ref><ref name="InfoWorld September 1, 2005">{{cite news|first=Tom |last=Krazit |title=Update: Intel issues formal response to AMD's antitrust lawsuit |date=September 1, 2005 |publisher=IDG News Service |url=http://www.infoworld.com/article/05/09/01/HNintelresponse_1.html |work=infoworld.com |access-date=January 7, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201175017/http://www.infoworld.com/article/05/09/01/HNintelresponse_1.html |archive-date=February 1, 2008 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> In 2008, a court date was finally set.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Intel, AMD Lawsuit Pushed Off to 2010|url=http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Desktops-and-Notebooks/Intel-AMD-Lawsuit-Pushed-Off-to-2010/|magazine=eWeek|access-date=June 12, 2008}}</ref><ref name="settled">{{cite web |last=Shankland |first=Stephen |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-10396798-38.html |title=What Intel just bought for $1.25&nbsp;billion: Less risk |publisher=CNET News |date=November 12, 2009 |access-date=July 29, 2010 |archive-date=August 15, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815170319/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13578_3-10396798-38.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On November 4, 2009, New York's attorney general filed an antitrust lawsuit against Intel Corp, claiming the company used "illegal threats and collusion" to dominate the market for computer microprocessors.

On November 12, 2009, AMD agreed to drop the antitrust lawsuit against Intel in exchange for $1.25&nbsp;billion.<ref name="settled" /> A joint press release published by the two chip makers stated "While the relationship between the two companies has been difficult in the past, this agreement ends the legal disputes and enables the companies to focus all of our efforts on product innovation and development."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2009/20091112corp_a.htm?cid=rss-90004-c1-245235 |title=AMD and Intel Announce Settlement of All Antitrust and IP Disputes |publisher=Intel Corporation |access-date=July 29, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amd.com/us/press-releases/Pages/amd-press-release-2009nov12.aspx |title=AMD and Intel Announce Settlement of All Antitrust and IP Disputes |publisher=Amd.com |access-date=July 29, 2010}}</ref>

An antitrust lawsuit<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/billsinger/2012/11/19/after-apple-google-adobe-pixar-google-and-intuit-antitrust-employment-charges-hit-ebay/|title=After Apple, Google, Adobe, Intel, Pixar, And Intuit, Antitrust Employment Charges Hit eBay|author=Bill Singer|date=November 19, 2012|work=Forbes}}</ref> and a class-action suit relating to [[Finance:Cold calling|cold calling]] employees of other companies has been settled.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/apple-google-agree-to-settle-lawsuit-alleging-hiring-salary-conspiracy/2014/04/24/56f1bb32-cbff-11e3-95f7-7ecdde72d2ea_story.html?tid=hpModule_a2e19bf4-86a3-11e2-9d71-f0feafdd1394|title=Apple, Google agree to settle lawsuit alleging hiring, salary conspiracy|newspaper={{wipe|The Washington Post}} | first=Dan|last=Levine|date=April 24, 2014}}</ref>

====Allegations by Japan Fair Trade Commission (2005)====
In 2005, the local [[Organization:Fair Trade Commission (Japan)|Fair Trade Commission]] found that Intel violated the Japanese Antimonopoly Act. The commission ordered Intel to eliminate discounts that had discriminated against AMD. To avoid a trial, Intel agreed to comply with the order.<ref>{{cite news|title=EU files new competition charges against Intel |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUKL1730607220080718?pageNumber=3&virtualBrandChannel=0 |work=Reuters |date=July 17, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216122419/http://uk.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUKL1730607220080718?pageNumber=3&virtualBrandChannel=0 |archive-date=December 16, 2008}}</ref><ref>[http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/europe-files-more-antitrust-complaints/story.aspx?guid={6B204911-970B-468B-9E40-09787DDB4345}&dist=msr_4 Europe files more antitrust complaints against Intel – MarketWatch]. Marketwatch (July 17, 2008). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/06/20/business/wbjoe21.php Predatory pricing or old-fashioned competition? –]. International Herald Tribune (March 29, 2009). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://news.cnet.com/Intel-to-abide-by-Japan-FTC-recommendations/2100-1014_3-5649589.html "Intel to abide by Japan FTC recommendations"]. CNET News. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref>

====Allegations by regulators in South Korea (2007)====
In September 2007, South Korean regulators accused Intel of breaking antitrust law. The investigation began in February 2006, when officials raided Intel's South Korean offices. The company risked a penalty of up to 3% of its annual sales if found guilty.<ref name="iht September 11, 2007">{{cite news|title=Intel facing antitrust complaint in Korea |date=September 11, 2007 |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/11/business/worldbusiness/11iht-chip.4.7467980.html?_r=0 |access-date=November 21, 2015}}</ref> In June 2008, the Fair Trade Commission ordered Intel to pay a fine of US$25.5&nbsp;million for taking advantage of its dominant position to offer incentives to major Korean PC manufacturers on the condition of not buying products from AMD.<ref name="MarketWatch June 5, 2008">{{cite news|first=Benjamin |last=Pimentel|title=Intel fined $25.5&nbsp;million by South Korea |date=June 5, 2008 |publisher=MarketWatch |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/intel-fined-255-million-south/story.aspx?guid={5E548C55-0A59-47BA-8910-96F61A8C23E0}&dist=msr_2 |work=marketwatch.com |access-date=July 5, 2008}}</ref>

====Allegations by regulators in the United States (2008–2010)====
New York started an investigation of Intel in January 2008 on whether the company violated antitrust laws in pricing and sales of its microprocessors.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/10/technology/10cnd-chip.html|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|title=Intel Gets New York Subpoena in Antitrust Inquiry|first=Nicholas|last=Confessore|date=January 10, 2008|access-date=May 5, 2010}}</ref> In June 2008, the Federal Trade Commission also began an antitrust investigation of the case.<ref>{{Cite news|title=In Turnabout, Antitrust Unit Looks at Intel|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/07/technology/07chip.html|work=The New York Times|date=June 7, 2008|access-date=December 31, 2008 | first=Stephen | last=Labaton}}</ref> In December 2009, the FTC announced it would initiate an administrative proceeding against Intel in September 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ftc.gov/opa/2009/12/intel.shtm |title=FTC Challenges Intel's Dominance of Worldwide Microprocessor Markets |publisher=Ftc.gov |date=December 16, 2009 |access-date=July 29, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20091217-712217.html|date=December 17, 2009 |title=FTC's Intel Lawsuit To Test Scope Of Agency's Antitrust Power |website=WSJ.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118015722/http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20091217-712217.html|archive-date=January 18, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ftc.gov/os/adjpro/d9341/091216intelcmpt.pdf |title=United States of America Before The Federal Trade Commission |publisher=FTC |access-date=January 8, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=King |first=Ian |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2009/tc20091216_885383.htm |title=FTC Wants Intel to Repent, Not Pay Up |work=BusinessWeek |date=December 16, 2009 |access-date=July 29, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125122437/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2009/tc20091216_885383.htm |archive-date=January 25, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In November 2009, following a two-year investigation, New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo sued Intel, accusing them of bribery and coercion, claiming that Intel bribed computer makers to buy more of their chips than those of their rivals and threatened to withdraw these payments if the computer makers were perceived as working too closely with its competitors. Intel has denied these claims.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Intel in threats and bribery suit|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8343179.stm|work=BBC News   |date=November 4, 2009|access-date=December 18, 2009}}</ref>

On July 22, 2010, [[Company:Dell|Dell]] agreed to a settlement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to pay $100 million in penalties resulting from charges that Dell did not accurately [[Company:Corporation#Financial disclosure|disclose]] accounting information to investors. In particular, the SEC charged that from 2002 to 2006, Dell had an agreement with Intel to receive rebates in exchange for not using chips manufactured by AMD. These substantial rebates were not disclosed to investors, but were used to help meet investor expectations regarding the company's financial performance; "These exclusivity payments grew from 10 percent of Dell's operating income in FY 2003 to 38 percent in FY 2006, and peaked at 76 percent in the first quarter of FY 2007."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press/2010/2010-131.htm|title=SEC Charges Dell and Senior Executives with Disclosure and Accounting Fraud (Press Release No. 2010-131; July 22, 2010|website=www.sec.gov}}</ref> Dell eventually did adopt AMD as a secondary supplier in 2006, and Intel subsequently stopped their rebates, causing Dell's financial performance to fall.<ref>
{{Cite news
  | last = Gibb
  | first = Gordon
  | title = Dell Agrees to $100 in Penalties to Settle SEC Accounting Fraud Charges
  | publisher=LawyersandSettlements.com
  | date = July 24, 2010
  | df = mdy-all
  | url = http://www.lawyersandsettlements.com/articles/14615/business-fraud-unfair-accounting-dell.html
  | access-date =July 25, 2010}}</ref><ref>
{{Cite news
  | last = Krantz
  | first = Matt
  | author2=Swartz, Jon
  | title = Dell settles SEC charges of fraudulent accounting
  | newspaper=[[Software:USA Today|USA Today]]
  | date = July 24, 2010
  | url = https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/2010-07-22-dell-sec-settlement_N.htm
  | access-date =July 25, 2010}}
</ref><ref>
{{Cite news
 |first=Kevin
 |last=Reed
 |title=Dell pays $100m penalty to settle accounting fraud charges
 |url=http://www.accountancyage.com/accountancyage/news/2266948/dell-pays-100m-penalty-settle
 |work=Accountancy Age
 |date=July 23, 2010
 |access-date=July 25, 2010
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100725104512/http://www.accountancyage.com/accountancyage/news/2266948/dell-pays-100m-penalty-settle
 |archive-date=July 25, 2010
 |df=mdy-all
}}
</ref>

====Allegations by the European Union (2007–2023)====
In July 2007, the European Commission accused Intel of [[Social:Anti-competitive practices|anti-competitive practices]], mostly against [[Company:Advanced Micro Devices|AMD]].<ref name="Europa Memo July 27, 2007">{{cite news|title=Competition: Commission confirms sending of Statement of Objections to Intel |date=July 27, 2007 |url=http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/314& |work=Europa (web portal) |access-date=July 28, 2007}}</ref> The allegations, going back to 2003, include giving preferential prices to computer makers buying most or all of their [[Engineering:Microprocessor|chips]] from Intel, paying computer makers to delay or cancel the launch of products using AMD chips, and providing chips at below standard cost to governments and educational institutions.<ref name="Reuters July 27, 2007">{{cite news|first=David |last=Lawsky |title=UPDATE 4-EU says Intel tried to squeeze out Advanced Micro Devices |date=July 27, 2007 |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/governmentFilingsNews/idUSL2783620520070727?sp=true |access-date=July 28, 2007}}</ref> Intel responded that the allegations were unfounded and instead qualified its market behavior as consumer-friendly.<ref name="Reuters July 27, 2007"/> General counsel Bruce Sewell responded that the commission had misunderstood some factual assumptions regarding pricing and manufacturing costs.<ref name="Reuters July 27, 2007 (2)">{{cite news|first=David |last=Lawsky |title=Intel says EU made errors in antitrust charges |date=July 27, 2007 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/technology-media-telco-SP/idUSL2788098920070727?sp=true |work=Reuters |access-date=July 28, 2007}}</ref>

In February 2008, Intel announced that its office in Munich had been raided by [[Social:European Union|European Union]] regulators. Intel reported that it was cooperating with investigators.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7241022.stm |date=February 12, 2008 |access-date=February 12, 2008 |work=BBC News |title=EU regulator raids Intel offices}}</ref> Intel faced a fine of up to 10% of its annual revenue if found guilty of stifling competition.<ref name="BBC Intel 2007-07-27">{{cite news|title=EU outlines Intel 'market abuse' |date=July 27, 2007 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6918975.stm |work=BBC News |access-date=July 28, 2007}}</ref> AMD subsequently launched a website promoting these allegations.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Peter |last=Clarke |title=AMD sets up website to tell "the truth about Intel" |date=August 8, 2007 |publisher=CMP Media LLC |url=http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201303681 |work=eetimes.com |access-date=August 9, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926220601/http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201303681 |archive-date=September 26, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://breakfree.amd.com/en-us/default.aspx |title=AMD Break Free |access-date=August 9, 2007 |date=July 31, 2007 |work=breakfree.amd.com |publisher=Advanced Micro Devices, Inc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070731232711/http://breakfree.amd.com/en-us/default.aspx |archive-date=July 31, 2007}}</ref> In June 2008, the EU filed new charges against Intel.<ref>{{cite news|title=EU files new competition charges against Intel|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUKL1730607220080718 |work=Reuters |date=July 17, 2008|access-date=September 10, 2008 | first=Pete | last=Harrison}}</ref> In May 2009, the EU found that Intel had engaged in anti-competitive practices and subsequently fined Intel €1.06&nbsp;billion (US$1.44&nbsp;billion), a record amount. Intel was found to have paid companies, including [[Company:Acer Inc.|Acer]], [[Company:Dell|Dell]], [[Company:Hewlett-Packard|HP]], [[Company:Lenovo|Lenovo]] and [[Company:NEC|NEC]],<ref name="fine">{{Cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1897913,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090516170330/http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1897913,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 16, 2009|title=The Chips Are Down: Intel's $1.45&nbsp;billion Fine|date=May 13, 2009|magazine=TIME|access-date=May 13, 2009}}</ref> to exclusively use Intel chips in their products, and therefore harmed other, less successful companies including AMD.<ref name="fine" /><ref>[http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/09/745&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en "Antitrust: Commission imposes fine of €1.06 bn on Intel for abuse of dominant position; orders Intel to cease illegal practices", reference: IP/09/745, date: May 13, 2009]. Europa.eu (May 13, 2009). Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref><ref>Neelie Kroes, [http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/09/241&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en "Commission takes antitrust action against Intel", introductory remarks at press conference, Brussels, May 13, 2009]</ref> The European Commission said that Intel had deliberately acted to keep competitors out of the computer chip market and in doing so had made a "serious and sustained violation of the EU's antitrust rules".<ref name="fine" /> In addition to the fine, Intel was ordered by the commission to immediately cease all illegal practices.<ref name="fine" /> Intel has said that they will appeal against the commission's verdict. In June 2014, the General Court, which sits below the European Court of Justice, rejected the appeal.<ref name="fine" />

In 2022 the €1.06 billion fine was dropped, but was successively re-imposed in September 2023 as a €376.36 million fine.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_4570|title=Antitrust: Commission re-imposes €376.36 million fine on Intel for anticompetitive practices in the market for computer chips|website=ec.europa.eu|date=2023-09-23|access-date=2023-10-30|archive-date=2023-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024140302/https://Europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_4570|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Corporate responsibility record===
Intel has been accused by some residents of Rio Rancho, New Mexico of allowing [[Earth:Volatile organic compound|volatile organic compounds]] (VOCs) to be released in excess of their pollution permit. One resident claimed that a release of 1.4 tons of [[Chemistry:Carbon tetrachloride|carbon tetrachloride]] was measured from one acid scrubber during the fourth quarter of 2003 but an emission factor allowed Intel to report no carbon tetrachloride emissions for all of 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=717&Itemid=2|title=Corrales Comment|work=corralescomment.com|access-date=July 6, 2012|archive-date=September 23, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211550/http://www.corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=717&Itemid=2|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Another resident alleges that Intel was responsible for the release of other VOCs from their Rio Rancho site and that a [[Medicine:Necropsy|necropsy]] of lung tissue from two deceased dogs in the area indicated trace amounts of [[Chemistry:Toluene|toluene]], [[Chemistry:Hexane|hexane]], [[Chemistry:Ethylbenzene|ethylbenzene]], and [[Chemistry:Xylene|xylene]] isomers,<ref>[http://www.corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=594&Itemid=2 Corrales Comment 11/25/2006 Intel Pollution Unresolved] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205141244/http://www.corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=594&Itemid=2 |date=February 5, 2016 }}.</ref> all of which are [[Physics:Solvent|solvent]]s used in industrial settings but also commonly found in [[Chemistry:Gasoline|gasoline]], retail [[Chemistry:Paint thinner|paint thinner]]s and retail solvents. During a sub-committee meeting of the New Mexico Environment Improvement Board, a resident claimed that Intel's own reports documented more than {{convert|1580|lb}} of VOCs were released in June and July 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=616&Itemid=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705144619/http://corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=616&Itemid=2|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 5, 2012|title=Corrales Comment – Local Village News, Issues, Events & Ads – Intel Pollution Control Shut Down Probed|date=July 5, 2012}}</ref>

Intel's environmental performance is published annually in their corporate responsibility report.<ref>[http://www.intel.com/intel/cr/gcr/overview.htm?iid=intel_corp+rhc_visit_report Intel Corporate Responsibility Report]. Intel.com. Retrieved July 8, 2011. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100412034616/http://www.intel.com/intel/cr/gcr/overview.htm?iid=intel_corp%20rhc_visit_report|date=April 12, 2010}}</ref>

====Conflict-free production====
In 2009, Intel announced that it planned to undertake an effort to remove [[Chemistry:Conflict resource|conflict resource]]s—materials sourced from mines whose profits are used to fund armed militant groups, particularly within the Democratic Republic of the Congo—from its supply chain. Intel sought conflict-free sources of the precious metals common to electronics from within the country, using a system of first- and third-party audits, as well as input from the Enough Project and other organizations. During a keynote address at [[Engineering:Consumer Electronics Show|Consumer Electronics Show]] 2014, Intel CEO at the time, Brian Krzanich, announced that the company's microprocessors would henceforth be conflict free. In 2016, Intel stated that it had expected its entire supply chain to be conflict-free by the end of the year.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gunther|first=Marc|date=2014-01-13|title=Intel unveils conflict-free processors: will the industry follow suit?|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/intel-conflict-minerals-ces-congo-electronics |df=mdy-all|access-date=2017-11-06|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2016-01-05|title=In 2016, Intel's Entire Supply Chain Will Be Conflict-Free|language=en-US|work=Fast Company|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3055066/in-2016-intels-entire-supply-chain-will-be-conflict-free |df=mdy-all|access-date=2017-11-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=2014-01-06|title=Starting Now, All Intel Microprocessors Are Conflict-Free: Here's How The Company Did It|language=en-US|work=Fast Company|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3024292/starting-now-all-intel-microprocessors-are-conflict-free-heres-how-the-company-did-it |df=mdy-all|access-date=2017-11-06}}</ref>

In its 2012 rankings on the progress of consumer electronics companies relating to conflict minerals, the Enough Project rated Intel the best of 24 companies, calling it a "Pioneer of progress".<ref name="EnoughProject2012">{{cite web |url=http://www.enoughproject.org/files/CorporateRankings2012.pdf |title=Taking Conflict Out of Consumer Gadgets: Company Rankings on Conflict Minerals 2012 |access-date=August 17, 2012 |last=Lezhnev |first=Sasha |author2=Alex Hellmuth |date=August 2012 |publisher=Enough Project}}</ref> In 2014, chief executive Brian Krzanich urged the rest of the industry to follow Intel's lead by also shunning conflict minerals.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-25636001 |title=Intel vows to stop using 'conflict minerals' in new chips |last1=Miller |first1=Joe |date=January 7, 2014 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |publisher=The BBC |access-date=January 7, 2014}}</ref>

===Age discrimination complaints===
Intel has faced complaints of age discrimination in firing and layoffs. Intel was sued in 1993 by nine former employees, over allegations that they were laid off because they were over the age of 40.<ref>"Intel Sued for Discrimination", ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette'', January 30, 1993, B-12.</ref>

A group called FACE Intel (Former and Current Employees of Intel) claims that Intel weeds out older employees. FACE Intel claims that more than 90 percent of people who have been laid off or fired from Intel are over the age of 40. ''Upside'' magazine requested data from Intel breaking out its hiring and firing by age, but the company declined to provide any.<ref name="upside">Alster, Norm, (December 7, 1998). [http://www.programmersguild.org/archives/lib/agediscimination/upm19981207older.htm "Techies complain of age biases"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090522163807/http://www.programmersguild.org/archives/lib/agediscimination/upm19981207older.htm |date=May 22, 2009}}, ''Upside Magazine''. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> Intel has denied that age plays any role in Intel's employment practices.<ref>Weinberg, Neal (September 14, 1998). [http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9809/14/tooold.idg/index.html "Help Wanted: Older workers need not apply"]. CNN. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> FACE Intel was founded by Ken Hamidi, who was fired from Intel in 1995 at the age of 47.<ref name="upside" /> Hamidi was blocked in a 1999 court decision from using Intel's email system to distribute criticism of the company to employees,<ref>Goodin, Dan (April 28, 1999) [http://news.cnet.com/Court-blocks-former-Intel-employees-spam/2100-1023_3-225092.html "Court blocks former Intel employee's spam"]. CNET News. Retrieved July 8, 2011.</ref> which overturned in 2003 in Intel Corp. v. Hamidi.

===Tax dispute in India===
In August 2016, Indian officials of the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP) parked garbage trucks on Intel's campus and threatened to dump them for evading payment of property taxes between 2007 and 2008, to the tune of {{INRConvert|340|m|lk=on}}. Intel had reportedly been paying taxes as a non-air-conditioned office, when the campus in fact had central air conditioning. Other factors, such as land acquisition and construction improvements, added to the tax burden. Previously, Intel had appealed the demand in the Karnataka high court in July, during which the court ordered Intel to pay BBMP half the owed amount of {{INRConvert|170|m}} plus arrears by August 28 of that year.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kasli|first=Shelley|date=August 10, 2016|title=Rothschild Inside, Garbage Outside|url=http://greatgameindia.com/rothschild-inside-garbage-outside/|journal=GreatGameIndia Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Bell|first1=Kay|date=August 10, 2016|title=Indian city raises stink over Intel's unpaid taxes|url=http://www.dontmesswithtaxes.com/2016/08/indian-city-raises-stink-over-unpaid-tax-by-intel.html|website=Don't Mess With Taxes|access-date=January 10, 2017}}</ref>

==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Engineering:5 nm process|5 nm process]]
* ASCI Red
* [[Engineering:Bumpless Build-up Layer|Bumpless Build-up Layer]]
* Comparison of ATI Graphics Processing Units
* [[Engineering:Comparison of Intel processors|Comparison of Intel processors]]
* Comparison of Nvidia graphics processing units
* [[Company:Cyrix|Cyrix]]
* Engineering sample (CPU)
* [[Graphics processing unit|Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)]]
* Intel Developer Zone (Intel DZ)
* Intel Driver Update Utility
* [[Engineering:Intel GMA|Intel GMA (Graphics Media Accelerator)]]
* [[Engineering:Intel HD and Iris Graphics|Intel HD and Iris Graphics]]
* [[Software:Intel Level Up|Intel Level Up]]
* Intel Loihi
* Intel Museum
* Intel Science Talent Search
* List of Intel chipsets
* [[Engineering:List of Intel CPU microarchitectures|List of Intel CPU microarchitectures]]
* [[List of Intel manufacturing sites]]
* [[Engineering:List of Intel microprocessors|List of Intel microprocessors]]
* [[Engineering:List of Intel graphics processing units|List of Intel graphics processing units]]
* List of mergers and acquisitions by Intel
* [[Engineering:List of semiconductor fabrication plants|List of semiconductor fabrication plants]]
* [[Wintel]]
* [[Intel Management Engine]]
{{div col end}}

'''Intel-related biographical articles on Wikipedia'''
{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
* Andy Grove
* [[Biography:Bill Gaede|Bill Gaede]]
* [[Biography:Bob Colwell|Bob Colwell]]
* Craig Barrett (chief executive)
* Gordon Moore
* [[Biography:Justin Rattner|Justin Rattner]]
* Pat Gelsinger
* Paul Otellini
* [[Biography:Robert Noyce|Robert Noyce]]
* Sean Maloney
{{div col end}}

== Notes ==
{{NoteFoot}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
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