View source for Company:Ispace (Japanese company)

{{short description|Private Japanese company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = ispace Inc.
| logo = ispace Inc. logo.svg
| type = Lunar [[Engineering:Robotic spacecraft|robotic spacecraft]]
| traded_as = {{TYO|9348}}
| industry = Commercial lunar lander and rover
| fate = Active
| predecessor = White Label Space<ref name='Wired 2018'/>
| successor = <!-- or: | successors = -->
| founded = {{Start date and age|2010|9|10}} in [[Place:Tokyo|Tokyo]], {{wipe|Japan}}
| founder = Takeshi Hakamada
| hq_location_city = Tokyo
| hq_location_country = Japan
| area_served = <!-- or: | areas_served = -->
| key_people = 
| products = Robotic lunar landers and rovers
| owner = <!-- or: | owners = -->
| num_employees = 200<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ispace-inc.com/news/?p=2370 |title=ispace Announces HAKUTO-R Mission 1 Launch Window for November 9 – 15, 2022 |work=ispace |date=12 October 2022 |access-date=12 October 2022}}</ref>
| num_employees_year = August 2022 <!-- Year of num_employees data (if known) -->
| parent = 
| website = {{URL|https://ispace-inc.com/}}
}}

'''ispace Inc'''. is a public Japanese company developing [[Engineering:Robotic spacecraft|robotic spacecraft]] and other technology to compete for both transportation and exploration mission contracts from space agencies and other private industries. ispace's mission is to enable its clients to discover, map, and use natural [[Astronomy:Lunar resources|lunar resources]].<ref name='ispace Home'>{{cite web|url=https://ispace-inc.com/|title=ispace – Expand our planet. Expand our future.|access-date=11 September 2018}}</ref>

From 2013 to 2018, ispace was the owner and operator of the [[Astronomy:Hakuto|Hakuto]] team that competed in Google Lunar X Prize (GLXP).<ref name="WLS Japan open">{{cite press release|date=September 9, 2010|title=WLS Japan Office - Open For Business|url=http://www.whitelabelspace.com/2010/09/wls-japan-office-open-for-business.html|publisher=White Label Space|access-date=September 12, 2018}}</ref> The team developed a lunar rover named ''Sorato''.

ispace is headquartered in [[Place:Tokyo|Tokyo]], {{wipe|Japan}}, with offices in the {{wipe|United States}} and Luxembourg.<ref name="B Wire">[https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170302005800/en/Luxembourg-ispace-Tokyo-Based-Lunar-Robotic-Exploration-Company Luxembourg and ispace, a Tokyo-Based Lunar Robotic ExplorationCompany, Sign MoU to Co-Operate within the Spaceresources.lu Initiative] ''Business Wire'' Released by the Luxembourg Ministry of the Economy 2 March 2017</ref> The company's founder and CEO is Takeshi Hakamada.

== History ==
{{main|Astronomy:Hakuto}}
[[File:Water Detected at High Latitudes on the Moon.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Image of the Moon taken by the [[Engineering:Moon Mineralogy Mapper|Moon Mineralogy Mapper]]. Blue shows the spectral signature of hydroxide (component of water), green shows the brightness of the surface as measured by reflected infrared radiation from the Sun and red shows a mineral called pyroxene.]]

Although ispace later became independent, it began as a partner of a European organization called White Label Space.<ref name='Wired 2018'>[https://www.wired.com/story/the-japanese-space-bots-that-could-build-moon-valley/ The Japanese Space Bots That Could Build Moon Valley] Sarah Scoles, ''Wired'' 14 May 2018</ref> White Label Space (WLS) was an international team of space engineers that was founded in 2008 to compete in the Google Lunar X Prize, for a grand prize of US$20 million to send a spacecraft to the Moon's surface, and have it travel 500 meters. WLS was headquartered in the Netherlands and led by Steve Allen.<ref>[http://www.whitelabelspace.com/2009/08/aoes-group-bv-specialist-space.html Dutch Firm AOES Group BV Partners with White Label Space Team in $30 Million Google Lunar X PRIZE], 31 August 2009</ref> The European side aimed to develop the team's [[Astronomy:Lunar lander|lunar lander]] while the Japanese group consisting of Tohoku University Space Robotics Lab and led by Kazuya Yoshida was to develop a rover.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whitelabelspace.com/2009/01/partners.html|title=Partners|last=Andrew Barton|access-date=2019-03-25}}</ref>

In 2010, White Label Space Japan LLC, the predecessor of ispace was founded by Takeshi Hakamada to manage the commercial and technical aspect of the Japanese group.<ref name="WLS Japan open"/> On 30 January 2013, when the European teammates ceased substantial involvement in the prize, the Japan-based members decided to continue the work, and WLS transferred the GLXP participation right to White Label Space Japan LLC. Steve Allen, WLS's leader was succeeded by Takeshi Hakamada.

In May 2013, the team's parent company, White Label Space Japan changed its name to ispace, while the GLXP team was renamed "Hakuto" on 15 July of the same year.<ref name="Wired 2018"/> Team Hakuto did not succeed in undertaking a lunar mission during the GLXP, but following the cessation of the competition, ispace continued its lunar exploration plans and, in 2018, the company succeeded in raising over US$90 million in private funding to develop its own lunar lander in addition to continuing its work on lunar rovers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://spacenews.com/new-fund-to-boost-japanese-space-startups/|title=New fund to boost Japanese space startups|date=2018-03-21|publisher=SpaceNews|access-date=2019-03-25}}</ref>

By September 2018, ispace planned to test their systems by orbiting around the Moon but not land on it. The company signed up for two launches on [[Company:SpaceX|SpaceX]]'s [[Engineering:Falcon 9|Falcon 9]] rockets, to take place in 2020 and 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trtworld.com/asia/japan-lunar-exploration-firm-to-head-for-moon-on-spacex-rockets-20468|title=Japan lunar exploration firm to head for moon on SpaceX rockets|publisher=TRT World|language=tr-TR|access-date=2018-10-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/9/26/17904898/ispace-hakuto-r-spacex-falcon-9-rocket-lunar-lander-rover|title=Japanese company ispace says it will launch two missions to the Moon in 2020 and 2021|publisher=The Verge|access-date=2018-10-01}}</ref> ispace is also developing a mission concept called ''Polar Ice Explorer'' that would prospect for [[Astronomy:Lunar resources|lunar resources]] on a region near the [[Astronomy:Lunar south pole|lunar south pole]].<ref>"ispace's Polar Ice Explorer: a commercial ISRU exploration mission to the South Pole of the Moon"  Kyle Aciernoalso Abstract presented at the Lunar ISRU 2019 meeting: Developing a New Space Economy Through Lunar Resources and Their Utilization: July 15–17, 2019, Columbia, Maryland</ref>

On 10 October 2018, an industry team formed by [[Organization:Draper Laboratory|Draper Laboratory]], along with ispace, General Atomics, and [[Company:Spaceflight Industries|Spaceflight Industries]] submitted a proposal for a commercial lunar lander to [[Organization:NASA|NASA]]'s [[Astronomy:Commercial Lunar Payload Services|Commercial Lunar Payload Services]] Program. According to Draper, ispace will serve as the team's design agent.<ref name="Foust201810">{{cite news|last=Foust|first=Jeff|date=October 10, 2018|title=Draper bids on NASA commercial lunar lander competition|url=https://spacenews.com/draper-bids-on-nasa-commercial-lunar-lander-competition/|publisher=SpaceNews|access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref>

On 21 July 2022, NASA announced that it had awarded a CLPS contract to Draper Laboratories and the team.<ref name="drapercontract">{{cite web | url=https://spacenews.com/draper-wins-nasa-contract-for-farside-lunar-lander-mission/ | title=Draper wins NASA contract for farside lunar lander mission | date=July 22, 2022 }}</ref>

== Hakuto-R program ==
The long-term strategy of ispace is to build landers and rovers to compete for both transportation and exploration mission contracts from space agencies and private industry. NASA aims at contracting private industries to scout and mine [[Astronomy:Lunar water|lunar water]] and other [[Astronomy:Lunar resources|lunar resources]] to support a future Moon-based infrastructure.<ref name='TechAsia'>[https://www.techinasia.com/talk/takeshi-hakamada-ispace They want moon landings to be a commercial reality — and that's just the start] Time Romero, ''Tech in Asia'' August 2018</ref> The funding for the first two missions was originally secured from a consortium of Japanese funds and companies.<ref name='March 2018'>[https://spacenews.com/new-fund-to-boost-japanese-space-startups/ New fund to boost Japanese space startups] Jeff Foust ''SpaceNews'' 21 March 2018</ref><ref>[https://www.techinasia.com/companies/ispace-inc ispace] ''Tech in Asia'' August 2018</ref>

In 2018, ispace signed a working agreement with Draper to serve as the team's design agent,<ref name="Foust201810"/> which brought about significant changes. In August 2019, ispace announced a restructuring of its lunar program, now called '''Hakuto-R''', in light of rapid increases in customer demand for payload delivery services in the lunar exploration industry, especially from the recent [[Astronomy:Commercial Lunar Payload Services|Commercial Lunar Payload Services]] (CLPS) contract awarded to Draper and its partners, including ispace. A significant change was the elimination of the technology demonstration orbiter mission in 2020 in favor of moving more quickly toward a demonstration of landing capabilities.

=== Hakuto-R Mission 1 ===
{{Main|Astronomy:Hakuto-R Mission 1}}
[[Astronomy:Hakuto-R Mission 1|Hakuto-R Mission 1]] is a lunar lander carrying the [[Astronomy:Emirates Lunar Mission|Emirates Lunar Mission]] rover ''Rashid'' in a partnership with the [[Engineering:Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre|Mohammed bin Rashid Space Centre]] (MBRSC), along with [[Company:Tomy|Tomy]] and [[Organization:JAXA|JAXA]]'s ''SORA-Q'' transformable lunar robot.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rabie |first=Passant |url=https://gizmodo.com/spacex-ispace-lunar-mission-hakuto-r-m1-1849884016 |title=SpaceX Launches Moon-Bound Private Japanese Lander Following Delays |work=Gizmodo |date=12 December 2022 |access-date=15 December 2022}}</ref> Hakuto-R Mission 1 houses another payload, that is, a music disc featuring the song ‘SORATO’ by the Japanese rock band Sakanaction. The song was initially released in 2018 as a part of the Team [[Astronomy:Hakuto|Hakuto]] campaign for the Google Lunar XPRIZE.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://ispace-inc.com/news-en/?p=3939 | title=Ispace Announces Mission 1 Launch Date }}</ref>

Hakuto-R Mission 1 was launched on 11 December 2022 at 07:38 UTC on a [[Engineering:Falcon 9 Block 5|Falcon 9 Block 5]] rocket, along with [[Astronomy:Emirates Lunar Mission|Emirates Lunar Mission]] and NASA's [[Astronomy:Lunar Flashlight|Lunar Flashlight]] spacecraft.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rosenstein |first=Sawyer |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/12/hakuto-r-m1/ |title=SpaceX launches Falcon 9 carrying private Japanese moon lander |work=NASASpaceFlight |date=11 December 2022 |access-date=11 December 2022}}</ref> The mission entered lunar orbit on 21 March 2023 with a lunar landing attempt scheduled for 25 April 2023.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ispace-inc.com/news-en/?p=4611 |title=ispace Completes Success 8 of the Mission 1 Milestones |work=ispace |date=14 April 2023 |access-date=14 April 2023}}</ref> Communication with Hakuto-R was lost during the final moments of descent to the lunar surface on 25 April. Analysis determined that a loss of propellant in the final stage of landing led to a rapid descent and hard landing on the lunar surface.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/hakuto-r-moon-1.6821853 |title=Japanese company loses contact with spacecraft after attempting to land on the moon |date=2023-04-25 |website=CBC.ca}}</ref>

=== Hakuto-R Mission 2 ===
Hakuto-R Mission 2, carrying the RESILIENCE lunar lander and [[Astronomy:Lunar rover|micro rover]], is scheduled for launch in late 2024.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ispace-inc.com/news-en/?p=4954 |title=ispace Announces Mission 2 with Unveiling of Micro Rover Design |work=ispace |date=16 November 2023 |access-date=21 November 2023}}</ref>

== Mission 3 and beyond ==
ispace Mission 3, delivering the APEX 1.0 lunar lander to [[Astronomy:Schrödinger (crater)|Schrödinger Basin]] on the [[Astronomy:Far side of the Moon|far side of the Moon]], is expected to launch in 2026.<ref name="ispace-20230929">{{cite web |url=https://ispace-inc.com/news-en/?p=4781 |title=ispace - U.S. Announces new U.S. Headquarters, Unveils APEX 1.0 Lunar Lander, Provides Updates on Mission 3 |work=ispace |date=29 September 2023 |access-date=30 September 2023}}</ref> Missions 3 through 9 aim to establish ispace's lunar lander as a high-frequency cost-effective transportation system, while Mission 10 and beyond will begin the construction of an "industrial platform" to enable the development of [[Astronomy:Lunar water|lunar water]] resources.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ispace-inc.com/project/|title=PROJECT |publisher=ispace|date=2020|access-date=5 August 2021}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Organization:Draper Laboratory#Commercial Lunar Payload Services|Artemis-7]], lander designed by ispace
* [[Astronomy:Colonization of the Moon|Colonization of the Moon]]
* [[Astronomy:Hakuto|Hakuto]]
* Luna-27
* [[Astronomy:Lunar resources|Lunar resources]]
* [[Astronomy:Lunar water|Lunar water]]
* [[Engineering:Moon Express|Moon Express]], a similar company aiming to mine the Moon
* [[Engineering:Private spaceflight|Private spaceflight]]
* [[Astronomy:SELENE-2|SELENE-R]], potential application of ispace instruments

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official|https://ispace-inc.com/}}
* [http://whitelabelspacejapanoffice.blogspot.com/ White Label Space Japan] {{in lang|ja}}

{{Moon spacecraft}}
{{Lunar rovers}}

[[Category:Private spaceflight companies]]
[[Category:Spacecraft manufacturers]]
[[Category:Google Lunar X Prize]]
[[Category:Companies (Astronomy)]]
[[Category:Companies]]

{{Sourceattribution|Ispace (Japanese company)}}