View source for Company:Nokia

{{short description|Finnish multinational telecommunications, technology and electronics corporation|noreplace}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Nokia Corporation
| logo = Nokia 2023.svg
| logo_caption = Logo used since 2023
| image = Midpoint Nokia Karaportti.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = Headquarters in Espoo since September 2019<ref name="Nokia_headoffice">{{cite web | url = https://www.nokia.com/contact-us/ | title = Contact us | language = en | publisher = Nokia | access-date = 17 September 2019}}</ref>
| native_name = Nokia Oyj
| native_name_lang = fi
| type = {{lang|fi|[[Finance:Osakeyhtiö#Julkinen osakeyhtiö|Julkinen osakeyhtiö]]}} ([[Finance:Public company|public]])
| traded_as = {{ubl|{{OMX|HEX24311|NOKIA}}|{{nyse|NOK}} (ADR)|OMX Helsinki 25 component (NOKIA)}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|FI0009000681}}
| industry = {{unbulleted list|class=nowrap|Telecommunications|[[Finance:Technology company|Technology]]|Electronics}}
| predecessors = {{unbulleted list|Nokia Aktiebolag|Suomen Kumitehdas Oy|Suomen Kaapelitehdas Oy|(Pre-1967 merger)}}
| founded = {{start date and age|df=yes|1865|5|12}} in Tampere, [[Place:Grand Duchy of Finland|Finland]]
| founders = {{unbulleted list|Fredrik Idestam|Leo Mechelin|Eduard Polón}}
| hq_location_city = Espoo
| hq_location_country = {{wipe|Finland}}
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{unbulleted list|Sari Baldauf (Chairman)|Pekka Lundmark (President &{{wbr}}&nbsp;CEO)}}
| products = [[Engineering:List of Nokia products|List of Nokia products]]
| services = 
| revenue = {{increase}} {{€|24.91|link=yes}} billion
| revenue_year = 2022
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{€|2.318}} billion
| income_year = 2022
| net_income = {{increase}} {{€|4.259}} billion
| net_income_year = 2022
| assets = {{increase}} {{€|42.94}} billion
| assets_year = 2022
| equity = {{increase}} {{€|21.43}} billion
| equity_year = 2022
| num_employees = {{decrease}} 86,896
| num_employees_year = 2022
| divisions = {{unbulleted list|[[Company:Nokia Networks|Nokia Networks]]|Nokia Technologies}}
| subsid = {{unbulleted list|[[Organization:Bell Labs|Bell Labs]]|NGP Capital|Nuage Networks|Radio Frequency Systems}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.nokia.com/|nokia.com}}
| footnotes = <ref name="Nokia Annual Report 2022">{{cite web | url = https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/924613/000155837023002653/nok-20221231x20f.htm | title = Nokia Annual Report 2022 (Form 20-F) | language = en | publisher = U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission | date = 2 March 2023}}</ref><ref name="YTJ">{{cite web| url= http://www.ytj.fi/yritystiedot.aspx?yavain=20939&kielikoodi=1&tarkiste=FD3B80E3D3656AD15912547886CEFA0227C1A07F&path=1547;1631;1678| title= Nokia| publisher= YTJ.fi| access-date= 2 March 2013| language= fi| url-status=dead| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130510091035/http://www.ytj.fi/yritystiedot.aspx?yavain=20939&kielikoodi=1&tarkiste=FD3B80E3D3656AD15912547886CEFA0227C1A07F&path=1547;1631;1678| archive-date= 10 May 2013| df= dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="AR2018">{{cite web|url=https://www.nokia.com/sites/default/files/ec1042891_nokia_ar18_en.pdf|title=Report for Q4 and Full Year 2018|publisher=Nokia Corporation|date=21 March 2019|access-date=28 May 2019|archive-date=27 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527214919/https://www.nokia.com/sites/default/files/ec1042891_nokia_ar18_en.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
'''Nokia Corporation''' (natively '''Nokia [[Finance:Osakeyhtiö#Julkinen osakeyhtiö|Oyj]]''' in Finnish and '''Nokia Abp''' in Swedish,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nokia.com/sites/default/files/2018-11/nokia_articles_of_association_2015.pdf |title=Articles of Association of Nokia Corporation |publisher=Nokia Corporation |access-date=8 June 2023}}</ref> referred to as '''Nokia'''){{efn|{{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|n|ɒ|k|i|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|n|oʊ|k|i|ə}}, {{IPA-fi|ˈnokiɑ|lang}}.}} is a Finnish [[Finance:Multinational corporation|multinational]] telecommunications, [[Finance:Technology company|information technology]], and [[Engineering:Consumer electronics|consumer electronics]] corporation, established in 1865. Nokia's main headquarters are in Espoo, {{wipe|Finland}}, in the greater [[Place:Helsinki|Helsinki]] metropolitan area,<ref name="YTJ" /> but the company's actual roots are in the Tampere region of Pirkanmaa.<ref name="roots">[https://www.hs.fi/kaupunki/art-2000002690780.html HS: Nokian juuret ovat Tammerkosken rannalla] (in Finnish)</ref> In 2020, Nokia employed approximately 92,000 people<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lightreading.com/5g/nokia-has-cut-11000-jobs-in-effort-to-boost-profit/d/d-id/767869|title=Nokia has cut 11,000 jobs in effort to boost profit|first1= Iain|last1=Morris|website=Light Reading}}</ref> across over 100 countries, did business in more than 130 countries, and reported annual revenues of around €23 billion.<ref name="AR2018" /> Nokia is a [[Company:Public limited company|public limited company]] listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and [[Company:New York Stock Exchange|New York Stock Exchange]].<ref name="FAQ">{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/about-nokia/company/faq |title=Nokia&nbsp;– FAQ |publisher=Nokia Corporation |access-date=16 March 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208110105/http://www.nokia.com/about-nokia/company/faq |archive-date=8 February 2009 }}</ref> It was the world's 415th-largest company measured by 2016 revenues, according to the ''Fortune Global 500,'' having peaked at 85th place in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rankingthebrands.com/The-Brand-Rankings.aspx?rankingID=50&year=57|title=Fortune Global 500 (100) – 2009 (Fortune ) – Ranking The Brands|website=Rankingthebrands.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> It is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 [[Finance:Stock market index|stock market index]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fortune.com/global500/list/|title=''Global 500'' 2016|access-date=24 August 2017|publisher=Fortune|year=2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stoxx.com/index-details?symbol=SX5E|title=Euro Stoxx 50|website=Boerse-frankfurt.de|access-date=24 August 2017}}</ref>

The company has operated in various industries over the past 150 years. It was founded as a pulp mill and had long been associated with [[Chemistry:Rubber|rubber]] and [[Engineering:Electrical cable|cables]], but since the 1990s has focused on large-scale [[Engineering:Telecommunications equipment|telecommunications infrastructure]], technology development, and licensing.<ref name=verge-newnokia>{{cite web|title=This is the new Nokia|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/11/18/7240077/the-new-nokia|website=The Verge|date=18 November 2014|access-date=23 November 2014}}</ref> Nokia made significant contributions to the [[Engineering:Mobile telephony|mobile telephony]] industry, assisting in the development of the GSM, [[3G|3G]], and [[Engineering:LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] standards. For a decade beginning in 1998, Nokia was the largest worldwide vendor of [[Engineering:Mobile phone|mobile phone]]s and [[Engineering:Smartphone|smartphone]]s. In the later 2000s, however, Nokia suffered from a series of poor management decisions, and soon saw its share of the mobile phone market drop sharply.

After a partnership with [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]] and Nokia's subsequent market struggles,<ref name="BurningPlatform">{{cite news |newspaper={{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}} |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/tech-europe/2011/02/09/full-text-nokia-ceo-stephen-elops-burning-platform-memo/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211203320/http://blogs.wsj.com/tech-europe/2011/02/09/full-text-nokia-ceo-stephen-elops-burning-platform-memo/ |archive-date=2011-02-11 |title=Full Text: Nokia CEO Stephen Elop's 'Burning Platform' Memo |date=9 February 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Kurri.Story.Meego">{{citation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016192931/http://taskumuro.com/artikkelit/the-story-of-nokia-meego |archive-date=2012-10-16 |url=http://taskumuro.com/artikkelit/the-story-of-nokia-meego |author=Sampsa Kurri |date=2012-10-11 |title=The story of Nokia MeeGo }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.osnews.com/story/26461/the-story-of-nokias-maemo-and-meego/ |publisher=OS News |title=The story of Nokia's Maemo and MeeGo |author=Thom Holwerda |date=2012-10-11}}</ref> in 2014 Microsoft bought Nokia's mobile phone business,<ref name="verge-msnokia">{{cite web|title=Microsoft buys Nokia's Devices and Services Unit, unites Windows Phone 8 and its hardware maker|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/2/4688530/microsoft-buys-nokias-devices-and-services-unit-unites-windows-phone|website=The Verge |date=2 September 2013|access-date=3 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="mswsj-noki">{{cite news|last=Ovide|first=Shira|title=Microsoft in $7.17 Billion Deal for Nokia Cellphone Business|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324432404579051931273019224 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal|access-date=3 September 2013}}</ref> incorporating it as [[Company:Microsoft Mobile|Microsoft Mobile]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/microsoft-closes-nokia-deal-pays-more-than-expected/|title=Microsoft closes Nokia deal, pays more than expected|website=CNET}}</ref> After the sale, Nokia began to focus more on its telecommunications infrastructure business and on [[Internet of things]] technologies, marked by the divestiture of its [[Company:Here|Here]] mapping division and the acquisition of [[Company:Alcatel-Lucent|Alcatel-Lucent]], including its [[Organization:Bell Labs|Bell Labs]] research organization.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2014/09/coupland-bell-labs/|title=The Ghost of Invention: A Visit to Bell Labs|first=Douglas|last=Coupland|magazine=Wired}}</ref> The company then also experimented with [[Virtual reality|virtual reality]] and [[Medicine:Digital health|digital health]], the latter through the purchase of [[Company:Withings|Withings]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnnmoney.ch/shows/newsmaker/videos/risto-siilasmaa-how-nokia-reinvented-itself|title=How Nokia reinvented itself|website=CNNMoney Switzerland|access-date=28 March 2019|archive-date=24 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024035505/https://www.cnnmoney.ch/shows/newsmaker/videos/risto-siilasmaa-how-nokia-reinvented-itself|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 |url          = http://company.nokia.com/en/news/press-releases/2016/01/14/nokia-celebrates-first-day-of-combined-operations-with-alcatel-lucent/
 |title        = Nokia celebrates first day of combined operations with Alcatel-Lucent
 |publisher    = Nokia
 |access-date  = 15 January 2016
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20160116173207/http://company.nokia.com/en/news/press-releases/2016/01/14/nokia-celebrates-first-day-of-combined-operations-with-alcatel-lucent
 |archive-date = 16 January 2016
 |url-status   = dead
 |df           = dmy-all
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://company.nokia.com/en/news/press-releases/2016/04/26/nokia-plans-to-acquire-withings-to-accelerate-entry-into-digital-health|title=Nokia plans to acquire Withings to accelerate entry into Digital Health|date=26 April 2016|access-date=1 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519223456/http://company.nokia.com/en/news/press-releases/2016/04/26/nokia-plans-to-acquire-withings-to-accelerate-entry-into-digital-health|archive-date=19 May 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/mobile-phones-are-our-history-not-our-future-nokia-on-where-next-for-hardware/|title='Mobile phones are our history, not our future': Nokia on where next for hardware|first=Jo|last=Best|website=Zdnet.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> The Nokia brand returned to the mobile and smartphone market in 2016 through a licensing arrangement with [[Company:HMD Global|HMD Global]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Scott Barr|first=Chris|date=18 May 2016|title=Microsoft sells Nokia brand use to Foxconn and HMD global|url=https://www.slashgear.com/microsoft-sells-nokia-brand-to-foxconn-and-hmd-global-18440501/|access-date=16 May 2017|website=|publisher=SlashGear}}</ref> Nokia continues to be a major [[Social:Patent|patent]] licensor for most large mobile phone vendors.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://filinganalytics.io/2018/05/24/nokias-key-to-success-a-strong-portfolio-combined-with-aggressive-licensing/|title=Nokia's key to success: A strong portfolio combined with aggressive licensing – Filing Analytics|website=Filinganalytics.io|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> As of 2018, Nokia is the world's third-largest network equipment manufacturer.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-telecoms-networks-ericsson-idUKKCN1L80WV|title=Ericsson, Samsung gain share in network gear as ZTE slumps|date=23 August 2018|access-date=28 March 2019|website=Uk.reuters.com}}</ref>

The company was viewed with national pride by Finns, as its mobile phone business made it by far the largest worldwide company and brand from Finland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/04/nokia-finland-microsoft-startups|title=Nokia: Finland mourns the demise of its proud tech heritage|first=Antti|last=Vilpponen|date=4 September 2013 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> At its peak in 2000, Nokia accounted for 4% of the country's [[Finance:GDP|GDP]], 21% of total exports, and 70% of the Helsinki Stock Exchange market [[Social:Financial capital|capital]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/finland-and-nokia|title=Finland and Nokia: an affair to remember|first=Gordon|last=Kelly|magazine=Wired UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Companies/PwBwCojcrsb9gITrCWCdlM/Finland-mourns-loss-of-national-icon-Nokia.html|title=Finland mourns loss of national icon Nokia|last=Bloomberg|date=4 September 2013}}</ref>{{coord|60.225|24.756|type:landmark|display=title}}

== History ==
{{Main|History of Nokia}} <!-- Please place a relevant epitome of history here, the previous history section included too many products that aren't a part of Nokia anymore in too much detail, this page should only contain a simple summation of its history -->

=== 1865–1967 ===
[[File:Nokia Toilet paper.JPG|thumb|Rolls of toilet paper produced by Nokia in the 1960s, Vapriikki Museum Centre, Tampere]]
Nokia's history dates from 1865, when Finnish-Swede [[Engineering:Mining engineering|mining engineer]] Fredrik Idestam established a pulp mill on the shores of the Tammerkoski rapids near the town of Tampere, Finland (then in the [[Place:Russian Empire|Russian Empire]]).<ref name="roots" /> A second pulp mill was opened in 1868 near the neighboring town of Nokia, where there were better [[Physics:Hydropower|hydropower]] resources.<ref name="roots" /> In 1871, Idestam, together with a friend Leo Mechelin, formed a shared company and called it ''Nokia [[Finance:Aktiebolag|Ab]]'' (in [[Social:Swedish language|Swedish]], ''Nokia Company'' being the English equivalent), after the site of the second pulp mill.

Idestam retired in 1896, making Mechelin the company's chairman; he expanded into [[Engineering:Electricity generation|electricity generation]] by 1902, which Idestam had opposed. In 1904, Suomen Gummitehdas (''Finnish Rubber Works''), a [[Chemistry:Rubber|rubber]] business founded by Eduard Polón, established a factory near the town of Nokia and used its name.

In 1922, in a now independent Finland, Nokia Ab entered into a partnership with Finnish Rubber Works and Kaapelitehdas (''the Cable Factory''), all now jointly under the leadership of Polón. The rubber company grew rapidly when it moved to the Nokia region in the 1930s to take advantage of the electricity supply, and the cable company soon did too.

Nokia at the time also made [[Engineering:Respirator|respirator]]s for both civilian and military use, from the 1930s well into the early 1990s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gasmasklexikon.com/Page/Start01.htm|title=Start01|website=Gasmasklexikon.com|access-date=23 November 2016}}</ref>

=== 1967–1990 ===
[[File:Patteriston komentopaikka Hämeenlinna 4.JPG|thumb|left|LV 317M military radio in the Hämeenlinna artillery museum]]
[[File:Nokian Boots (2).jpg|thumb|Nokian rubber boots]]
In 1967, the three companies – Nokia, Kaapelitehdas, and Finnish Rubber Works – merged to create a new Nokia Corporation, restructured into four major businesses: forestry, cable, rubber, and electronics. In the early 1970s, it entered the networking and radio industries. Nokia started making military equipment for Finland's defence forces (''Puolustusvoimat''), such as the Sanomalaite M/90 communicator in 1983, and the M61 gas mask first developed in the 1960s. Nokia was now also making [[Engineering:Professional mobile radio|professional mobile radio]]s, telephone switches, [[Engineering:Capacitor|capacitor]]s and chemicals.

After Finland's trade agreement with the [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]] in the 1960s, Nokia expanded into the Soviet market. It soon widened trade, ranging from automatic [[Engineering:Telephone exchange|telephone exchange]]s to robotics among others; by the late 1970s, the Soviet Union became a major market for Nokia, yielding high profits. Nokia also co-operated on scientific technology with the Soviet Union. The U.S. government became increasingly suspicious of that co-operation after the end of the [[History:Cold War|Cold War]] détente in the early 1980s. Nokia imported many US-made components and used them in products for the Soviets, and according to U.S. Deputy Minister of Defence, Richard Perle, Nokia had a secret co-operation with The Pentagon that allowed the U.S. to keep track of technological developments in the Soviet Union through trading with Nokia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/us_threatened_to_block_finnish_arms_deal_over_high-tech_exports_in_1980s/5710542|title=U.S. Threatened to Block Finnish Arms Deal Over High-Tech Exports in 1980's|website=Yle Uutiset|date=3 January 2009}}</ref> This was a demonstration of Finland trading with both sides, as it was neutral during the Cold War.

In 1977, Kari Kairamo became CEO and transformed the company's businesses. By this time, Finland was becoming what has been called "Nordic Japan".{{by whom|date=August 2021}} Under his leadership, Nokia acquired many companies, including television maker Salora in 1984, followed by Swedish electronics and computer maker [[Company:Luxor AB|Luxor AB]] in 1985, and French television maker Oceanic in 1987. This made Nokia the third-largest television manufacturer of Europe (behind [[Company:Philips|Philips]] and Thomson). The existing brands continued to be used until the end of the television business in 1996.

[[File:Nokia Mikko display and keyboard.JPG|thumb|left|Nokia Mikko 3 minicomputer, 1978]]
[[File:Mobira Cityman 450.JPG|thumb|upright|Mobira Cityman 450, 1985]]
In 1987, Nokia acquired Schaub-Lorenz, the consumer operations of Germany's Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL), which included its "Schaub-Lorenz" and "Graetz" brands. It was originally part of American conglomerate International Telephone & Telegraph (ITT), and after the acquisition products were sold under the "ITT Nokia" brand, despite SEL's sale to Compagnie Générale d'Electricité (CGE), the predecessor of [[Company:Alcatel-Lucent|Alcatel]], in 1986.

In 1987, Kaapelitehdas discontinued production of cables at its [[Place:Helsinki|Helsinki]] factory after 44 years, effectively shutting down the sub-company.

On 1 April 1988, Nokia bought the Information Systems division of [[Company:Ericsson|Ericsson]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/21/business/company-news-nokia-oy-buys-stake-in-ericsson.html|title=COMPANY NEWS; Nokia Oy Buys Stake in Ericsson|agency=Reuters|date=21 January 1988|work=The New York Times|access-date=14 August 2017|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> which had originated as the [[Company:Datasaab|Datasaab]] computer division of Swedish aircraft and car manufacturer Saab. Ericsson Information Systems made [[Company:Alfaskop|Alfaskop]] terminals, typewriters, [[Minicomputer|minicomputer]]s and Ericsson-branded IBM compatible PCs. The merger with Nokia's Information Systems division—which since 1981 had a line of personal computers called [[Engineering:MikroMikko|MikroMikko]]—resulted in the name Nokia Data.

Nokia also acquired Mobira, a mobile telephony company, which was the foundation of its future mobile phone business. In 1981, Mobira launched the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) service, the world's first international cellular network and the first to allow international [[Engineering:Roaming|roaming]]. In 1982, Mobira launched the Mobira Senator car phone, Nokia's first mobile phone. At that time, the company had no interest in producing mobile phones, which the executive board regarded as akin to James Bond's gadgets: improbably futuristic and niche devices. After all these acquisitions, Nokia's revenue base became US$2.7 billion.

CEO Kairamo committed suicide on 11 December 1988.

<gallery>
Mobira 800-NDB.JPG|Mobira 800-NDB non-directional beacon located in the Finnish Air Force signals museum
Lasersuunnin merivoimien vuosipäivä 2013 Kotka 3.JPG|Nokia MAC 8532 laser rangefinder previously used by Finnish coastal artillery
Patteriston komentopaikka Hämeenlinna 2.JPG|Hämeenlinna artillery museum display containing fire control officer with Nokia artillery calculator in Finnish artillery battalion command post
MikroMikko 4 TT m216 Tekniikan museo 02.jpg|Late 1980s MikroMikko 4 TT m216 desktop computer in the Museum of Technology, Helsinki, Finland
Itt-nokia television and vhs-video.jpeg|ITT Nokia television with an ITT Nokia VCR (ITT/SEL)
Mobira kaukohakulaite.png|A 1986 Mobira pager
</gallery>

=== 1990–2010 ===
[[File:Jorma Ollila 2013.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Jorma Ollila, who oversaw the rise of Nokia in the mobile phone market as CEO from 1992 to 2006]]
Following Simo Vuorilehto's appointment as CEO, a major restructuring was planned. With 11 groups within the company, Vuorilehto divested industrial units he deemed as un-strategic. Nokian Tyres (''Nokian Renkaat''), a tyre producer originally formed as a division of Finnish Rubber Works in 1932, split away from Nokia Corporation in 1988. Two years later, in 1990, Finnish Rubber Works followed suit. In 1991, Nokia sold its computer division, Nokia Data, to UK-based [[Company:International Computers Limited|International Computers Limited]] (ICL), the precursor of Fujitsu Siemens. Investors thought of this as financial trouble and Nokia's stock price sank as a result. Finland was now also experiencing its [[Finance:Early 1990s depression in Finland|worst recession in living memory]], and the collapse of the Soviet Union, a major customer, made matters worse.

Vuorilehto quit in January 1992 and was replaced by Jorma Ollila, who had been the head of the mobile phone business from 1990 and advised against selling that division. Ollila decided to turn Nokia into a '[[Engineering:Telecommunication|telecom]]-oriented' company, and he eventually got rid of divisions like the power business. This strategy proved to be very successful and the company grew rapidly in the following years. Nokia's operating profit went from negative in 1991 to $1 billion in 1995 and almost $4 billion by 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2000/05/01/278948/index.htm|title=Nokia's Secret Code Perhaps the least hierarchical big company in the world, Nokia has been winning big in wireless. But its Finnish recipe for innovation is about to be put to the test. – May 1, 2000|website=Archive.fortune.com}}</ref>

Nokia's first fully portable mobile phone after the Mobira Senator was the Mobira Cityman 900 in 1987. Nokia assisted in the development of the GSM mobile standard in the 1980s, and developed the first GSM network with [[Company:Siemens|Siemens]], the predecessor to Nokia Siemens Network. The world's first GSM call was made by Finnish prime minister Harri Holkeri on 1 July 1991, using Nokia equipment on the 900&nbsp;MHz band network built by Nokia and operated by Radiolinja. In November 1992, the Nokia 1011 launched, making it the first commercially available GSM mobile phone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1997/10/17/nokias-pioneering-gsm-research-and-development-to-be-awarded-by-eduard-rhein-foundation|title=Nokia´s Pioneering GSM Research and Development to be Awarded by Eduard Rhein Foundation |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

Salora Oy as a Nokia subsidiary ended in 1989 when the division was merged into Nokia-Mobira Oy. The brand continued to be used for televisions until 1995.

On 12 June 1996, Nokia announced the sale of its [[Engineering:Television|television]] business to Canada/Hong Kong-based Semi-Tech Corporation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1996/06/12/nokia-announces-heads-of-agreement-to-sell-its-remaining-television-business|title=Nokia Announces Heads of Agreement to Sell Its Remaining Television Business |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> The television manufacturing plant in Germany closed down in September 1996. The sale included a factory in Turku, and the rights to use the Nokia, Finlux, [[Company:Luxor AB|Luxor]], Salora, Schaub-Lorenz and Oceanic brands until the end of 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1996/07/17/nokia-announces-final-sale-of-its-television-manufacturing-business|title=Nokia Announces Final Sale of its Television Manufacturing Business |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> Some of these brands were later sold to other companies.

Nokia was the first to launch digital satellite receivers in the UK, announced in March 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1997/03/13/nokia-first-to-launch-digital-satellite-receiver-in-the-uk|title=Nokia First to Launch Digital Satellite Receiver in The UK |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> In August 1997 Nokia introduced the first digital satellite receiver with Common Interface (CI) support.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1997/08/29/nokia-launches-the-worlds-first-digital-ird-with-common-interface|title=Nokia launches the World's first Digital IRD With 'Common Interface' |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> In 1998 Nokia became the chosen supplier to produce the world's first [[Engineering:Digital terrestrial television|digital terrestrial television]] set-top boxes by British Digital Broadcasting (BDB), which was eventually launched as ONdigital.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1998/03/08/nokia-is-chosen-supplier-to-british-digital-broadcasting|title=Nokia is chosen supplier to British Digital Broadcasting |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

[[File:Digital-tv-box från Nokia.jpg|thumb|A Nokia Mediamaster set-top box]]
In October 1998, Nokia overtook [[Company:Motorola|Motorola]] to become the best-selling mobile phone brand,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1998/12/21/nokia-to-invest-about-fim-1-billion-in-mobile-phone-production-in-bochum-germany|title=Nokia to invest about FIM 1 billion in mobile phone production in Bochum, Germany |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> and in December manufactured its 100 millionth mobile phone.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1998/12/03/nokia-manufactures-its-100-millionth-mobile-phone|title=Nokia manufactures its 100 millionth mobile phone |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> A major reason why Nokia grew against its main competitors Motorola and [[Company:Ericsson|Ericsson]] was that it managed to cater to the consumer youth market and fashion-oriented consumers, most significantly with the Nokia 5110 and 3210 handsets which featured a large range of colourful and replaceable back-covers called Xpress-on.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://slate.com/technology/2016/09/the-development-of-the-nokia-3210-the-cellphone-that-started-the-mobile-revolution.html|title=The 1999 Handset That Finally Made Cellphones Cool|first=Will|last=Oremus|date=20 September 2016|website=Slate Magazine|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mobilephonehistory.co.uk/history/mobile_phone_history.php|title=Mobile phone history|website=Mobilephonehistory.co.uk|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> One of the earliest fashion phones in 1992, from Swiss watchmaker [[Company:Swatch|Swatch]], was based on Nokia's 101 handset.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mobilephonehistory.co.uk/nokia/nokia_fashion_phones.php|title=Nokia fashion phones|website=Mobilephonehistory.co.uk|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> The company would also form the [[Company:Vertu|Vertu]] division, creating luxury mobile handsets.

Nokia claimed in April 1996 its 447Xav and 447K monitors to be the first with stereo speakers and a sub-woofer.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1996/04/22/nokia-builds-on-media-ready-monitor-series-with-new-21-line|title=Nokia Builds on "Media-Ready" Monitor Series with New 21" Line |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> In May 1999 Nokia introduced their first [[Wireless LAN|wireless LAN]] products.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/1999/05/11/nokia-to-move-wireless-lan-products-toward-mass-market|title=Nokia to move wireless LAN products toward mass market |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> In January 2000 [[Company:ViewSonic|ViewSonic]] acquired Nokia Display Products, the division making [[Engineering:Electronic visual display|displays]] for personal computers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2000/01/17/viewsonic-corporation-acquires-nokia-display-products-branded-business|title=ViewSonic Corporation Acquires Nokia Display Products' Branded Business |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> On 26 April 2001 Nokia partnered with [[Company:Telefónica|Telefónica]] to supply DSL modems and routers in Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2001/04/26/nokia-to-supply-telefonica-with-adsl-modems-in-spain|title=Nokia to supply Telefónica with ADSL modems in Spain |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

In 1997, Nokia established a [[Finance:Joint venture|joint venture]] with Brazilian electronics firm [[Company:IGB Eletrônica|Gradient]] where they were granted the license to manufacture variants of Nokia mobile phones locally under the Nokia and Gradient brand names.<ref name="nokia">{{Cite news |title=Nokia acquired Gradient's share in Brazilian manufacturing joint venture NGI |url=https://pnrlogin.globenewswire.com/?ReturnUrl=%2fnews-release%2f2000%2f10%2f20%2f1845768%2f0%2fen%2fNokia-acquired-Gradiente-s-share-in-Brazilian-manufacturing-joint-venture-NGI.html |access-date=2021-01-21}}</ref>

In 1998, Nokia co-founded Symbian Ltd. led by [[Company:Psion|Psion]] to create a new operating system for [[Social:Personal digital assistant|PDAs]] and smart mobile phones as a successor of EPOC32. They released the [[Engineering:Nokia 9210 Communicator|Nokia 9210 Communicator]] running Symbian OS in 2001 and later that year created the Symbian [[Software:S60 (software platform)|Series 60]] platform, later introducing it with their first [[Engineering:Camera phone|camera phone]], the [[Engineering:Nokia 7650|Nokia 7650]]. Both Nokia and Symbian eventually became the largest [[Engineering:Smartphone|smartphone]] hardware and software maker respectively, and in February 2004 Nokia became the largest shareholder of Symbian Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2004/02/09/nokia-to-acquire-psion-plcs-shares-in-symbian|title=Nokia to acquire Psion plc's shares in Symbian |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> Nokia acquired the entire company in June 2008 and then formed the [[Organization:Symbian Foundation|Symbian Foundation]] as its successor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2008/06/24/nokia-to-acquire-symbian-limited-to-enable-evolution-of-the-leading-open-mobile-platform|title=Nokia to acquire Symbian Limited to enable evolution of the leading open mobile platform |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

In 1998 alone, the company had sales revenue of $20 billion making $2.6 billion profit. By 2000 Nokia employed over 55,000 people,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2000/03/02/nokia-supplies-wap-technology-to-thus-in-uk|title=Nokia supplies WAP technology to Thus in UK |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> and had a market share of 30% in the mobile phone market, almost twice as large as its nearest competitor, [[Company:Motorola|Motorola]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1055805.stm|title=Nokia: 'Best is yet to come'|date=5 December 2000|access-date=28 March 2019|website=News.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> The company was operating in 140 countries as of 1999. It was reported at the time that some people believed Nokia to be a {{wipe|Japan}}ese company.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/1999/09/nokia/|title=Just Say Nokia|first=Steve|last=Silberman|date=1 September 1999|access-date=28 March 2019|magazine=Wired}}</ref> Between 1996 and 2001, Nokia's [[Finance:Revenue|turnover]] increased fivefold, from €6.5 billion to €31 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/03/nokia-rise-fall-mobile-phone-giant|title=Nokia: the rise and fall of a mobile phone giant|first=Angela|last=Monaghan|date=3 September 2013|access-date=28 March 2019|website=Theguardian.com}}</ref> Meanwhile, a ''Reader's Digest'' survey held near end 2000 showed that Nokia was the "most trusted brand in Europe", ranking better than Sony, Canon and Nivea.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.campaignlive.co.uk/article/trusted-brands-winning-trust-consumers-key-lasting-brand-success-jennifer-hiscock-takes-look-uk-s-respected-brands/56156?src_site=marketingmagazine |title=Most Trusted Brands: Winning the trust of consumers is the key to lasting brand success. Jennifer Hiscock takes a look at the UK's most respected brands |work=Campaign UK |last=Hiscock |first=Jennifer |date=1 March 2001 |access-date=14 August 2023}}</ref>

[[File:Nokia mobile phones.jpg|thumb|left|A collection of Nokia mobile phones from the 2000s]]
[[File:Nokia 7600.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Nokia 7600 3G phone]]
[[File:Nokia N-Gage.jpg|thumb|right|170px|Nokia N-Gage]]
The company would then be known as a successful and innovative maker of [[Engineering:Camera phone|camera phone]]s. The [[Engineering:Nokia 3650|Nokia 3600/3650]] was the first camera phone on sale in North America in 2003. In April 2005 Nokia partnered with German camera optics maker Carl Zeiss AG.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2005/04/27/nokia-and-carl-zeiss-join-forces-to-offer-enhanced-imaging-for-camera-phone-users|title=Nokia and Carl Zeiss join forces to offer enhanced imaging for camera phone users |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> That same month Nokia introduced the Nseries, which would become its flagship line of smartphones for the next six years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2005/04/27/nokia-launches-nokia-nseries-branded-multimedia-device-range|title=Nokia launches Nokia Nseries branded multimedia device range |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> The [[Engineering:Nokia N95|Nokia N95]] was introduced in September 2006 became highly successful and was also awarded as "best mobile imaging device" in Europe in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2007/04/24/nokia-n95-wins-prestigious-tipa-award-2007|title=Nokia N95 Wins Prestigious TIPA Award 2007 |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> Its successor the [[Engineering:Nokia N82|N82]] featured a [[Chemistry:Xenon|xenon]] flash,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2007/11/14/its-what-cameras-have-become-the-new-nokia-n82|title=It's what cameras have become – the new Nokia N82 |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> which helped it win the award of "best mobile imaging" device in Europe in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2008/04/23/nokia-n82-wins-renowned-tipa-best-mobile-imaging-device-in-europe-award-2008|title=Nokia N82 wins renowned TIPA "Best Mobile Imaging Device in Europe" Award 2008 |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> The [[Engineering:Nokia N93|N93]] in 2006 was known for its specialized [[Engineering:Camcorder|camcorder]] and the twistable design that switches between clamshell and a camcorder-like position.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2006/04/25/nokia-introduces-the-next-story-in-video-with-the-nokia-n93|title=Nokia Introduces the Next Story in Video with the Nokia N93 |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> They were also well known for the [[Engineering:Nokia N8|N8]] with a high-resolution 12-megapixel sensor in 2010; the [[Engineering:Nokia 808 PureView|808 PureView]] in 2012 with a 41-megapixel sensor; and the [[Engineering:Nokia Lumia 920|Lumia 920]] flagship in 2012 which implemented advanced PureView technologies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2012/09/05/new-nokia-lumia-range-delivers-latest-pureview-camera-innovation-new-navigation-experiences-and-wireless-charging-on-windows-phone-8|title=New Nokia Lumia Range Delivers Latest PureView Camera Innovation, New Navigation Experiences and Wireless Charging on Windows Phone 8 |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

Nokia was one of the pioneers of mobile gaming due to the popularity of ''Snake'', which came pre-loaded on many products. In 2002, Nokia attempted to break into the handheld gaming market with the [[Engineering:N-Gage (device)|N-Gage]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2003/02/05/nokia-n-gage-tm-mobile-game-deck-the-revolutionary-gaming-experience|title=Nokia N-Gage (TM) mobile game deck – the revolutionary gaming experience |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> Nokia's head of entertainment and media, Ilkka Raiskinen, once quoted "[[Engineering:Game Boy|Game Boy]] is for 10-year-olds",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/nokias-ilkka-slams-game-boy-advance/|title=Nokia's Ilkka slams Game Boy Advance|date=12 June 2003}}</ref> stating that N-Gage is more suited to a mature audience. However, the device was a failure, unable to challenge the dominant market leader [[Company:Nintendo|Nintendo]]. Nokia attempted to revive N-Gage as a platform for their S60 smartphones, which eventually launched in 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2007/08/29/get-out-and-play-with-n-gage-games-in-your-nokia-device|title=Get out and play – with N-Gage games in your Nokia device |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

In Q1 2004, Nokia's mobile phone handset market share steeply dropped to 28.9%, down from 34.6% a year earlier.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2004/apr/17/mobilephones|title=Nokia losing market share|first=Mark|last=Milner|date=17 April 2004|access-date=28 March 2019|website=Theguardian.com}}</ref> However, by 2006 the company was steadily gaining again<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/blog/2007/nov/27/nokiaincreasesmarketsharei|title=Nokia increases market share in mobile phone business|first=Jack|last=Schofield|date=27 November 2007|access-date=28 March 2019|website=Theguardian.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/22/technology/22iht-mobile.3632626.html|title=Nokia and Motorola gain market share as arena grows – Technology & Media – International Herald Tribune|date=22 November 2006|access-date=28 March 2019|website={{wipe|The New York Times}}}}</ref> and in Q4 2007 reached its all-time high figure of 40.4%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/01/24/sa_q4_phone_figures/|title=Nokia grabs 40% of phone market for first time|first=Tony|last=Smith|date=24 January 2008|website=The Register|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Its smartphone market share in that quarter was 51%.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fiercewireless.com/wireless/report-nokia-s-smartphone-market-share-dropping|title=Report: Nokia's smartphone market share dropping|website=FierceWireless|date=11 March 2009|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Nokia was the largest vendor at the time in all regions bar [[Earth:North America|North America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://devicehd.com/smartphones/en/brand/nokia/|title=Winners and Loser in the Smartphone Market: Q4 2008|first=Kevin C.|last=Tofel|date=11 March 2009|website=devicehd.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref>

Nokia launched mobile TV trials in 2005 in Finland with content provided by public broadcaster Yle. The services are based on the [[Engineering:DVB-H|DVB-H]] standard. It could be viewed with the widescreen [[Engineering:Nokia 7710|Nokia 7710]] smartphone with a special accessory enabling it to receive DVB-H signals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2005/08/05/live-mobile-tv-broadcasts-for-the-first-time-at-an-international-sporting-event|title=Live Mobile TV broadcasts for the first time at an international sporting event |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> Nokia partnered with Arqiva and O2 to launch trials in the UK in September 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2005/09/22/mobile-tv-trial-goes-live-in-uk|title=Mobile TV trial goes live in UK |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

In 2005, Nokia developed a [[Software:Linux|Linux]]-based operating system called [[Software:Maemo|Maemo]], which shipped that year on the [[Engineering:Nokia 770 Internet Tablet|Nokia 770 Internet Tablet]].

On 1 June 2006, Jorma Ollila became the company's chairman and retired as CEO, replaced by Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2005/08/01/nokia-moves-forward-with-management-succession-plan|title=Nokia moves forward with management succession plan |publisher=Nokia}}</ref>

[[File:Nokia Sao Paulo Flagship.jpg|thumb|A flagship Nokia store in São Paulo, Brazil in 2009]]
In August 2007, Nokia introduced [[Software:Ovi (Nokia)|Ovi]], an umbrella name for the company's new Internet services which included the N-Gage platform and the Nokia Music Store.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2007/08/29/meet-ovi-the-door-to-nokias-internet-services|title=Meet Ovi, the door to Nokia's Internet services |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> The Ovi Store faced stiff competition against [[Company:Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s [[Software:App Store (iOS)|App Store]] when it was introduced in 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://venturebeat.com/2010/10/29/84-percent-of-nokia-ovi-store-app-developers-say-apples-store-is-better/|title=84 percent of Nokia Ovi store app developers say Apple's store is better |work=VentureBeat}}</ref>

[[File:Nokia 5800 XpressMusic 3Q.jpg|thumb|left|Nokia 5800 XpressMusic]]
In October 2008, Nokia announced the [[Engineering:Nokia 5800 XpressMusic|Nokia 5800 XpressMusic]], the first device to ship with the new touch-centric S60 5th Edition, also known as Symbian^1, the first iteration of the platform since the creation of the Symbian Foundation. In November 2008 Nokia announced it would end mobile phone sales in {{wipe|Japan}} because of low market share.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7752279.stm|title=Nokia to end phone sales in Japan|date=27 November 2008|website=News.bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Nokia's global mobile phone market share peaked in 2008 at 38.6 percent.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wood |first1=David |last2=West |first2=Joel |date=11 June 2013 |title=Evolving an Open Ecosystem: The Rise and Fall of the Symbian Platform |publisher=[[Company:Emerald Group Publishing|Emerald Group Publishing]] |page=35 |isbn=978-1-78190-826-6}}</ref> The same year, Nokia announced the acquisition of Trolltech and its [[Software:Qt|Qt]] software development.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/10/31/qt_software_tech_preview_qt_creator/|title=Nokia's Trolltech Qt Software previews cross-platform IDE|first=Austin|last=Modine|date=31 October 2008|website=The Register|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Qt was a central part of Nokia's strategy until 2011, and it was eventually sold in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/aug/09/nokia-sells-qt-software-business|title=Nokia sells its Qt software business|first1=Josh|last1=Halliday|last2=agencies|date=9 August 2012|access-date=28 March 2019|website=Theguardian.com}}</ref>

Nokia briefly returned to the computer market with the Booklet 3G netbook in August 2009.

=== 2010–2014 ===
[[File:As Time Goes By (Nokia 9000 Communicator & E7).jpg|thumb|left|A Nokia 9000 Communicator (1996) next to a Nokia E7 Communicator (2011)]]
In late 2009 and in 2010, the music-focused Xseries and consumer-focused Cseries were introduced respectively.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/08/02/nokia_numbered/|title=Nokia ditches letters for all-number names|last=Andrew|first=Orlowski|date=2 August 2011|website=The Register|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> In April 2010 Nokia introduced its next flagship mobile device, the [[Engineering:Nokia N8|Nokia N8]], which would be the first to run on Symbian^3.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2010/04/27/nokia-n8-connect-create-entertain|title=Nokia N8. Connect. Create. Entertain. |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> However it was delayed for many months which tarnished the company's image,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nokia-n8/nokia-delays-flagship-n8-again-shares-hit-idUSTRE68J4VZ20100921|title=Nokia delays flagship N8 again|date=21 September 2010|website=Reuters.com}}</ref> especially after the failure of its previous flagship [[Engineering:Nokia N97|N97]] and tougher competition from [[Company:Apple Inc.|Apple]] and the rising [[Company:Google|Google]]. On 10 September 2010, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo was fired as CEO and it was announced that Stephen Elop from [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]] would take Nokia's CEO position, becoming the first non-Finnish director in Nokia's history.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/sep/10/nokia-replaces-kallasvuo-microsoft-stephen-elop|title=Nokia replaces Kallasvuo with Microsoft's Elop|first=Graeme|last=Wearden|date=10 September 2010|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> It was claimed that investors pressed Nokia's board to recruit an outsider to shake up management and break from the traditional "Nokia way".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/debd3dce-be8a-11df-a755-00144feab49a |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/debd3dce-be8a-11df-a755-00144feab49a |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=Nokia's new chief commits to Finnish culture|website=Financial Times|date=12 September 2010|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Ollila had also announced that he would step down as Nokia chairman by 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.slashgear.com/nokia-board-chair-jorma-ollila-reveals-plans-to-step-down-in-2012-13101857/|title=Nokia Board Chair Jorma Ollila reveals plans to step down in 2012|date=13 September 2010|website=SlashGear.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> On 11 March 2011 Nokia announced that it had paid Elop a $6 million signing bonus as "compensation for lost income from his prior employer", on top of his $1.4 million annual salary.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.geekwire.com/2011/nokia-pays-big-bucks-elop | title=Nokia pays big bucks for Elop: Former Microsoft executive receives $6M signing bonus | work=GeekWire | date=11 March 2011 | access-date=11 March 2011}}</ref>

[[File:Nokia & Microsoft Lumia devices.png|thumb|Nokia and Microsoft Lumia devices]]
The old Symbian OS became completely open source in February 2010.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/188521/Symbian_OS_Now_Fully_Open_Source.html|title=Symbian OS Now Fully Open Source|magazine=PCWorld}}</ref> However, in November 2010 it was announced that the [[Organization:Symbian Foundation|Symbian Foundation]] was closing and that Nokia would take back control of the Symbian operating system under closed licensing.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2010/11/08/nokia-reaffirms-commitment-to-symbian-platform|title=Nokia reaffirms commitment to Symbian platform |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> By now Nokia was the only remaining company using the platform, along with carrier NTT DoCoMo in Japan, after both [[Company:Samsung|Samsung]] and Sony Ericsson moved to [[Software:Android (operating system)|Android]]. Meanwhile, in 2010 for Nokia's [[Software:Linux|Linux]] ambitions, Nokia collaborated with [[Company:Intel|Intel]] to form the [[Software:MeeGo|MeeGo]] project, after the merger of Nokia's own [[Software:Maemo|Maemo]] and Intel's [[Software:Moblin|Moblin]].

Nokia's Symbian platform that had been the leading smartphone platform in Europe and Asia for many years was quickly becoming outdated and difficult for developers after the advent of [[Software:IOS|iOS]] and Android. To counter this, Nokia planned to make their MeeGo Linux operating system, under development, the company's flagship on smartphones. Shortly after Elop's CEO tenure began, the Nokia board green-lit him the ability to change the company's mobile phones strategy, including changing operating systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2010/09/23/nokia-windows-stephen-elop/|title=Will Nokia build Windows phones?|date=23 September 2010|website=Venturebeat.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Veteran Anssi Vanjoki, head of the smartphones division, left the company around this time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2010/09/23/anssi-vanjoki-on-quitting-nokia-i-didn-t-become-the-ceo-it-is/|title=Anssi Vanjoki on quitting Nokia: 'I didn't become the CEO. It is as simple as that'|website=Engadget.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> His final appearance was at Nokia World 2010 when the Nokia E7 and other Symbian^3 devices were introduced.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gsmarena.com/nokia_world_2010-review-511.php|title=Nokia World 2010 live coverage: Nokia E7, C7, C6, N8, C3|website=GSMArena.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref>

On 11 February 2011, Nokia announced a "strategic partnership" with [[Company:Microsoft|Microsoft]], under which it would adopt [[Software:Windows Phone 7|Windows Phone 7]] as its primary operating system on smartphones, and integrate its services and platforms with its own, including [[Software:Bing (search engine)|Bing]] as search engine, and integration of Nokia Maps data into [[Software:Bing Maps|Bing Maps]]. Elop stated that Nokia chose not to use Android because of an apparent inability to "differentiate" its offerings, with critics also noting that his past ties to Microsoft may have also influenced the decision.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-12427680|title=Nokia and Microsoft form partnership|date=11 February 2011|website=BBC News|access-date=16 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Weintraub |first=Seth |url=http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/02/08/nokias-elop-drops-bomb-the-platform-is-on-fire/ |title=Nokia's Elop drops bomb: the platform is on fire |publisher=CNN |date=2011-02-08 |access-date=2013-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627165328/http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/02/08/nokias-elop-drops-bomb-the-platform-is-on-fire/ |archive-date=27 June 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Latest Video |url=http://allthingsd.com/20110601/why-windows-phone-instead-of-android-nokia-ceo-stephen-elop-explains/ |title=Nokia CEO Stephen Elop Chooses Microsoft Windows Phone OS Over Android – John Paczkowski – D9 |publisher=AllThingsD |date=2011-06-01 |access-date=2013-06-14}}</ref> Although the MeeGo "Harmattan"-based [[Engineering:Nokia N9|N9]] was met with a highly positive reception in 2011, Nokia had already decided to end development on MeeGo and solely focus on its Microsoft partnership, although the CEO said that the N9's "innovations" will live on in the future,<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2011/06/nokia-n9-failure/|title=Why Nokia's N9 Smartphone Is Set Up for Failure|first=Ars|last=Technica|date=24 June 2011|access-date=28 March 2019|magazine=Wired}}</ref> which eventually made their way on the [[Software:Nokia Asha platform|Asha platform]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/5/9/4314844/nokia-asha-501-new-platform-launch|title=Nokia hedges its commitment to Windows Phone with new Asha platform and $99 phone|first=Vlad|last=Savov|date=9 May 2013|website=The Verge|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> After the announcement of the Microsoft partnership, Nokia's market share deteriorated; this was due to demand for Symbian dropping when consumers realized Nokia's focus and attention would be elsewhere.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cord|first1=David J.|title=The Decline and Fall of Nokia|date=April 2014|publisher=Schildts & Söderströms|isbn=978-951-52-3320-2|pages=217}}</ref>

The company posted a large loss for the second quarter of 2011 – only their second quarterly loss in 19 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/07/21/nokia_q2_2011_massive_loss/|title=Nokia posts massive loss, blames 'ambiguity'|last=Andrew|first=Orlowski|date=21 July 2011|website=The Register|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Nokia's first Windows Phone flagship was the [[Engineering:Nokia Lumia 800|Lumia 800]], which arrived in November 2011. Falling sales in 2011, which were not being improved significantly with the Lumia line in 2012, led to consecutive quarters of huge losses. By mid-2012 the company's stock price fell below $2.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://seekingalpha.com/article/709681-nokia-is-finnished-prepare-for-bankruptcy|title=Nokia Is Finnished: Prepare For Bankruptcy|first=Kofi|last=Bofah|date=9 July 2012|website=Seekingalpha.com|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/nokia-bankrupt-2012-4?IR=T|title=And Now Nokia Has A New Problem -- It Might Go Bankrupt|website=Business Insider|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> CEO Elop announced cost-cutting measures in June by shedding 10,000 employees by the end of the year and the closure of the Salo manufacturing plant.<ref name=Register.2012.Struggles>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/06/14/nokia_job_losses_struggles/|title=Foundering Nokia pushes 10,000 bods, 3 veeps overboard|website=Theregister.co.uk}}</ref> The Finnish prime minister also announced that the government wouldn't subsidize the company from an emergency state fund.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2012/06/finnish-government-hangs-up-on-nokia/|title=Finnish Government Hangs Up on Nokia|magazine=Wired}}</ref> Around this time Nokia started a new project codenamed "Meltemi", a platform for low-end smartphones.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/10/05/nokia_meltemi_for_s40/|title=Meltemi is real – Nokia's skunkworks Linux|last=Andrew|first=Orlowski|date=5 October 2011|website=The Register|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> With the Microsoft alliance and under Elop's management, Nokia also had a renewed focus on the North American market where Nokia phones were, in stark contrast to the rest of the world, almost irrelevant for many years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://seekingalpha.com/article/303519-nokia-a-look-at-the-global-battle-over-mobile-advertising|title=Nokia: A Look At The Global Battle Over Mobile Advertising|last=TechCrunch|date=30 October 2011|website=Seeking Alpha|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/2010/09/16/technology/nokia/index.htm|title=Why Nokia can't crack the U.S. market – Sep. 16, 2010|website=Money.cnn.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> This strategy began in January 2012 with the introduction of the [[Engineering:Nokia Lumia 900|Nokia Lumia 900]] smartphone in partnership with U.S. carrier AT&T.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.v3.co.uk/v3-uk/news/2136320/ces-nokia-looks-crack-market-lumia-n900|title=CES: Nokia looks to crack US market with Lumia 900 – V3|date=10 January 2012|website=V3.co.uk|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref>

In March 2011, Nokia introduced a new corporate typeface called "Pure".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/nokia-unveils-new-typeface-pure/|title=Nokia unveils new typeface, Pure|first=Damian|last=Koh|website=CNET|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> On 1 August 2011, Nokia announced that it would adopt a new three-digit naming system for mobile phone products and stop using letters, effectively ending the Nseries, Eseries, and short-lived Cseries. That same day the [[Engineering:Nokia 500|Nokia 500]] was introduced with the new system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.phonearena.com/news/Nokia-changes-its-naming-system-again-goes-back-to-pure-numbers_id20806|title=Nokia changes its naming system again: goes back to pure numbers|first=Victor|last=H|website=Phone Arena|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Nokia last used three-digit names on analogue phones in the 1990s.<ref name="auto" />

When the [[Engineering:Nokia Lumia 920|Lumia 920]] was announced in September 2012, it was seen by the press as the first high-end Windows Phone that could challenge rivals due to its advanced feature set. Elop said that the positive reaction to it had created a sense of hope and optimism in the company.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mynokiablog.com/2012/12/18/video-stephen-elop-interviewed-by-yle-on-positive-nokia-lumia-920-feedback/|title=Video: Stephen Elop interviewed by YLE on Positive Nokia Lumia 920 feedback|date=18 December 2012|website=My Nokia Blog}}</ref> The company was also making gains in developing countries with its Asha series, which were selling strongly.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.informationweek.com/desktop/nokia-lumia-sales-strong-asha-stronger/d/d-id/1108160|title=Nokia Lumia Sales Strong, Asha Stronger |magazine=InformationWeek}}</ref> Although Nokia's smartphone sales and market share greatly increased throughout 2013, including in the North American market,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://social.techcrunch.com/2013/10/29/nokia-had-a-stunning-q3-in-north-america-with-device-volume-up-367-from-last-year/|title=Nokia Had A Stunning Q3 In North America, With Device Volume Up 367% From Last Year|website=Social.techcrunch.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> it was still not enough to avoid financial losses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-22197404|title=Nokia shares fall after sales drop|date=18 April 2013|website=Bbc.co.uk}}</ref> Ollila stepped down as chairman on 4 May 2012 and was replaced by Risto Siilasmaa.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/computer/291683/jorma-ollila-resigns-as-nokia-chairman-after-13-years|title=Jorma Ollila resigns as Nokia chairman after 13 years|website=Bangkokpost.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Ristoonstage.jpg|thumb|left|Risto Siilasmaa, Nokia chairman from 2012 to 2020]]
In September 2013, Nokia announced the sale of its mobile and devices division to Microsoft. The sale was positive for Nokia to avoid further negative financial figures, as well as for Microsoft's CEO Steve Ballmer, who wanted Microsoft to produce more hardware and turn it into a devices and services company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.computerweekly.com/microscope/report/The-acquisition-of-Nokia-Steve-Ballmers-last-hurrah|title=The acquisition of Nokia: Steve Ballmer's last hurrah?|website=MicroscopeUK}}</ref> The Nokia chairman, Risto Siilasmaa, described the deal as rationally correct (in the best interests of Nokia shareholders), but emotionally difficult<ref name="asokan.org">{{cite web|url=https://asokan.org/operation-elop/|title=Operation Elop|website=Asokan.org|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> – experts agree that Nokia would have been in a cash crisis had it not sold the division to Microsoft.<ref name="hs.fi">{{cite web|url=https://www.hs.fi/talous/art-2000005845497.html?share=2e1522d55bd58df94c2ea5abdfb7b3c3|title=Jorma Ollila brought Nokia great success. But did he also bring the company down? The former phone giant's current chairman Risto Siilasmaa tells us what he witnessed|date=28 September 2018|website=Helsingin Sanomat|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="asokan.org" /> Analysts believe that Ballmer pushed for the buyout because of fears that Nokia was close to adopting Android and abandoning their alliance with Microsoft.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://betanews.com/2013/09/05/why-microsoft-really-bought-nokia/|title=Why Microsoft really bought Nokia|website=BetaNews.com|date=5 September 2013|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/analysts-microsoft-bought-nokia-because-nokia-was-going-to-stop-making-windows-phones-2013-9|title=Analysts: Microsoft Bought Nokia Because Nokia Was Going To Stop Making Windows Phones|first=Nicholas|last=Carlson|website=Business Insider|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Indeed, in January 2014 the [[Engineering:Nokia X|Nokia X]] was introduced which ran on a customised version of Android. It was a surprising and somewhat odd launch coming just weeks away from the finalization of the Microsoft buyout.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/2/25/5445150/why-is-nokia-making-android-phones|title=Why is Nokia making Android phones?|first=Tom|last=Warren|date=25 February 2014|website=The Verge|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/2/24/5440498/nokia-x-android-phone-hands-on|title=This is Nokia X: Android and Windows Phone collide|first=Tom|last=Warren|date=24 February 2014|website=The Verge|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Others, including Ballmer's successor Satya Nadella, felt that Microsoft thought merging their software teams with Nokia's hardware engineering and designs would "accelerate" growth of Windows Phone.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thurrott.com/mobile/windows-phone/135827/satya-nadella-admits-nokia-acquisition|title=Satya Nadella Admits He Was Against Nokia Acquisition|last=Thurrottfeed|date=25 September 2017|website=Thurrott.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> The sale was completed in April 2014, with [[Company:Microsoft Mobile|Microsoft Mobile]] becoming the successor to Nokia's mobile devices division. Nokia also moved from its headquarters to another building complex located at Karaportti. At the time, Ballmer himself was retiring as Microsoft CEO and was replaced by Satya Nadella, who opposed the Nokia mobile phones purchase, along with chairman [[Biography:Bill Gates|Bill Gates]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.alphr.com/news/387439/gates-and-nadella-opposed-microsofts-nokia-acquisition|title=Gates and Nadella opposed Microsoft's Nokia acquisition|website=Alphr|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> The purchased assets from Nokia were eventually written-off by Microsoft in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-steve-ballmer-nokia-2017-9|title=Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella says he voted against Steve Ballmer's $7.6 billion Nokia mistake|first=Matt|last=Weinberger|website=Business Insider|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref>

By 2014, Nokia's global [[Social:Brand valuation|brand value]] according to Interbrand fell to 98th place,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rankingthebrands.com/The-Brand-Rankings.aspx?rankingID=37&year=857|title=Best Global Brands – 2014 (Interbrand) – Ranking The Brands|website=Rankingthebrands.com}}</ref> a sharp slide from the 5th place it was in 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rankingthebrands.com/The-Brand-Rankings.aspx?rankingID=37&year=72|title=Best Global Brands – 2009 (Interbrand) – Ranking The Brands|website=Rankingthebrands.com}}</ref> Nokia's downfall in the mobile phone market has had different explanations from analysts, with many split about the CEO's decision to abandon its in-house operating system and adopting Windows Phone in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://gigaom.com/2011/02/11/what-the-web-is-saying-nokia-partners-with-microsoft/|title=What the Web Is Saying: Nokia Partners With Microsoft|first=Ryan|last=Kim|date=11 February 2011|website=Gigaom.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Many researchers have concluded that Nokia suffered from deep internal rivalries within the management.<ref name="hs.fi" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304388004577531002591315494|title=Nokia's Bad Call on Smartphones|first1=Anton|last1=Troianovski|first2=Sven|last2=Grundberg|date=19 July 2012|access-date=28 March 2019|website=Wsj.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theglobalist.com/apple-vs-nokia-the-smartphone-rivalry/|title=Apple Vs. Nokia: The Smartphone Rivalry|date=9 August 2010|website=Theglobalist.com|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://knowledge.insead.edu/strategy/the-strategic-decisions-that-caused-nokias-failure-7766|title=The Strategic Decisions That Caused Nokia's Failure|date=23 November 2017|website=INSEAD Knowledge|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Former employees claimed that the management became so swollen by the early success that they grew complacent over time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/27/nokia-bureaucracy-stifled_n_740113.html|title=Nokia Bureaucracy Stifled Innovation, Ex-Managers Say|date=27 November 2010|website=HuffPost UK|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/9ec857b6-65f7-11e0-9d40-00144feab49a |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/9ec857b6-65f7-11e0-9d40-00144feab49a |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=Inside Nokia: rebuilt from within|website=Financial Times|date=13 April 2011|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Some from the Symbian developing team have claimed that the company's upper management rejected hundreds of potential innovations during the 2000s that they proposed, including entirely rewriting Symbian's code. One former Nokia employee claimed that the company was run as a "Soviet-style [[Organization:Bureaucracy|bureaucracy]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.geek.com/mobile/nokia-has-a-soviet-like-bureaucracy-that-stifles-innovation-1286869/|title=Nokia has a "Soviet-like" bureaucracy that stifles innovation|date=28 September 2010|website=Geek.com|access-date=28 March 2019|archive-date=28 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328193343/https://www.geek.com/mobile/nokia-has-a-soviet-like-bureaucracy-that-stifles-innovation-1286869/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

[[File:Bürogebäude früheres Nokia-Werk Bochum-Riemke (2009).jpg|thumb|Former Nokia plant in Bochum, Germany]]
[[File:Nokia (8111386420).jpg|thumb|left|A Nokia advertising sign in [[Place:Dublin|Dublin]], Ireland]]
In July 2013, Nokia bought [[Company:Siemens|Siemens]]' stake in the Nokia Siemens Networks joint venture for $2.2 billion, turning it into a wholly owned subsidiary called Nokia Solutions and Networks,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2046126/nokia-buys-out-renames-nokia-siemens-networks.html|title=Nokia buys out, renames Nokia Siemens Networks|website=Pcworld.com|date=7 August 2013|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> until being rebranded as [[Company:Nokia Networks|Nokia Networks]] soon after.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teleanalysis.com/news/nokia-renames-nsn-as-networks-6843.html|title=Nokia renames NSN as Networks – TeleAnalysis|website=Teleanalysis.com|access-date=1 June 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604231037/http://www.teleanalysis.com/news/nokia-renames-nsn-as-networks-6843.html|archive-date=4 June 2016}}</ref> During Nokia's financial struggles, its profitable networking division with Siemens provided much of its income; thus, the purchase proved to be positive, particularly after the sale of its mobile devices unit.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/1/24/3910528/nokia-q4-2012-financial-report-lumia-sales|title=Nokia finally reports profit after six quarters of losses|first=Aaron|last=Souppouris|date=24 January 2013|website=Theverge.com|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

=== 2014–2016 ===
After the sale of its mobile devices division, Nokia focused on network equipment through [[Company:Nokia Networks|Nokia Networks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.techweekeurope.co.uk/workspace/here-maps-nokia-microsoft-handset-128902|title=Nokia To Focus On Here Maps And Network Equipment After Microsoft Sale|date=7 October 2013|website=Techweekeurope.co.uk|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

In October 2014, Nokia and [[Company:China Mobile|China Mobile]] signed a US$970 million framework deal for delivery between 2014 and 2015.<ref>{{cite press release| publisher=Reuters| date=10 October 2014| title=Nokia, China Mobile sign $970 million framework deal| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nokia-chinamobile-idUSKCN0HZ1O420141010| access-date=1 July 2017| archive-date=24 September 2015| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924205236/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/10/10/us-nokia-chinamobile-idUSKCN0HZ1O420141010| url-status=live}}</ref>

On 17 November 2014, Nokia Technologies head Ramzi Haidamus disclosed that the company planned to re-enter the consumer electronics business as an original design manufacturer, licensing in-house hardware designs and technologies to third-party manufacturers. Haidamus stated that the Nokia brand was "valuable" but "is diminishing in value, and that's why it is important that we reverse that trend very quickly, imminently".<ref name=verge-licensing>{{cite web|title=Nokia looks to resurrect its valuable brand on future devices|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/11/17/7233173/nokia-brand-licesnsing-plans|website=The Verge|date=17 November 2014|access-date=18 November 2014}}</ref> The next day, Nokia unveiled the [[Engineering:Nokia N1|N1]], an Android [[Engineering:Tablet computer|tablet]] manufactured by [[Company:Foxconn|Foxconn]], as its first product following the Microsoft sale.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nokia's first device after Microsoft is an iPad mini clone that runs Android|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/11/18/7239709/nokia-n1-tablet-price-release-date|website=The Verge|date=18 November 2014|access-date=18 November 2014}}</ref> Haidamus emphasized that devices released under these licensing agreements would be held to high standards in production quality, and would "look and feel just like Nokia built it".<ref name="verge-newnokia" /> Nokia CEO Rajeev Suri stated that the company planned to re-enter the mobile phone business in this manner in 2016, following the expiration of its non-compete clause with Microsoft.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2015/06/18/nokia-ceo-on-designing-phones/|title=Nokia CEO says the company will design and license phones again|date=19 June 2015 |publisher=Engadget|access-date=3 August 2015}}</ref>

According to Robert Morlino, the spokesman of Nokia Technologies, Nokia planned to follow the [[Social:Brand licensing|brand-licensing]] model rather than direct marketing of mobile devices due to the sale of its mobile devices division to Microsoft.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Other statements|url = http://company.nokia.com/en/news/statements/other-statements|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150602024418/http://company.nokia.com/en/news/statements/other-statements|url-status=dead|archive-date = 2 June 2015|publisher = Nokia|access-date = 20 November 2015}}</ref> The company took aggressive steps to revitalize itself, evident through its hiring of software experts, testing of new products and seeking of sales partners.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Back to the future: Nokia prepares for mobile comeback|url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nokia-mobile-consumer-idUSKCN0QF0FK20150810|newspaper = Reuters|date = 10 August 2015|access-date = 20 November 2015|archive-date = 21 November 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151121015351/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/10/us-nokia-mobile-consumer-idUSKCN0QF0FK20150810|url-status = live}}</ref> On 14 July 2015, CEO Rajeev Suri confirmed that the company would make a return to the mobile phones market in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2414022/nokia-boss-yes-were-going-to-start-making-phones-again|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621042904/http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/2414022/nokia-boss-yes-were-going-to-start-making-phones-again|url-status=unfit|archive-date=21 June 2015|title=Nokia: We'll return to the mobile phone market in 2016 – TheINQUIRER|website=Theinquirer.net|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

On 28 July 2015, Nokia announced OZO, a 360-degrees [[Virtual reality|virtual reality]] camera, with eight [[2K resolution|2K]] optical image sensors. The division behind the product, Nokia Technologies, claimed that OZO would be the most advanced [[VR photography|VR film-making]] platform.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/7/28/9064499/nokia-vr-camera-ozo|title=Nokia reveals Ozo, a futuristic new camera for filming virtual reality|first=Casey|last=Newton|date=29 July 2015|website=Theverge.com|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> Nokia's press release stated that OZO would be "the first in a planned portfolio of digital media solutions," with more technological products expected in the future.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2015-07/29/nokia-ozo-virtual-reality-camera|title=Nokia makes comeback with OZO virtual reality camera|magazine=Wired UK|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> OZO was fully unveiled on 30 November in {{wipe|Los Angeles}}. The OZO, designed for professional use, was intended for retail for US$60,000;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2015/12/01/nokia-ozo-vr-camera/|title=Nokia's $60,000 virtual reality camera is now available for pre-order|first=Stan|last=Schroeder|website=Mashable.com|date=December 2015|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> however, its price was decreased by $15,000 prior to release,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.digitaltrends.com/photography/nokia-ozo-vr-camera-price-drop/|title=Nokia drops the price of its Ozo virtual reality camera by $15K|date=18 August 2016|publisher=Digital Trends|access-date=22 May 2017|language=en-US}}</ref> and is listed on its official website as $40,000.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ozo.nokia.com/ozo_en/ozo-professional-vr-camera/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318162756/https://ozo.nokia.com/ozo_en/ozo-professional-vr-camera/|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 March 2017|title=Nokia OZO {{!}} Buy OZO online from the official Nokia store|publisher=Nokia |access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref>

[[File:NokiaBuilding4.jpg|thumb|Nokia office building in Markham, Ontario, Canada in 2016 – originally Alcatel-Lucent's office]]
[[File:Nokia Flexi Zone Micro BTS FWEA spec tag 20150811.jpg|thumb|left|A Nokia Flexi Zone [[Engineering:Base transceiver station|base transceiver station]] (2015)]]
On 14 April 2015, Nokia confirmed that it was in talks with the French telecommunications equipment company [[Company:Alcatel-Lucent|Alcatel-Lucent]] regarding a potential merger.<ref name=wsj-nokiaal>{{cite news |author=Schechner, Sam |title=Nokia Is in Talks to Buy Alcatel-Lucent|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/nokia-in-talks-to-buy-alcatel-lucent-1428996832 |access-date=14 April 2015 |work={{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}} |date=14 April 2015 }}{{subscription required}}</ref> The next day, Nokia announced that it had agreed to purchase Alcatel-Lucent for €15.6 billion in an all-stock deal.<ref name=verge-alcatelnokia /> CEO Rajeev Suri felt that the purchase would give Nokia a strategic advantage in the development of [[5G|5G]] wireless technologies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibnlive.com/news/tech/alcatel-acquisition-will-boost-5g-plans-says-nokia-ceo-1166240.html|title=Alcatel acquisition will boost 5G plans, says Nokia CEO|publisher=IBNLive|access-date=20 November 2015}}</ref><ref>Simnikiwe Mzekandaba, iTWeb. "[http://www.itweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=148006 Nokia, Alcatel-Lucent deal nears completion]." 23 November 2015. 30 November 2015.</ref> The acquisition created a stronger competitor to the rival firms [[Company:Ericsson|Ericsson]] and [[Company:Huawei|Huawei]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-ericsson-results/ericsson-reports-fifth-straight-quarter-in-the-red-idUKKBN1FK0MA|title=Ericsson reports fifth straight quarter in the red|author=Editorial|publisher=Reuters U.K.|access-date=31 January 2018|language=en-GB|quote=The company faces mounting competition from China's Huawei and Finland's Nokia as well as weak emerging markets and falling spending by telecoms operators for which purchases of next-generation 5G technology are still years away.}}</ref> whom Nokia and Alcatel-Lucent had surpassed in terms of total combined revenue in 2014. Nokia shareholders hold 66.5% of the new combined company, while Alcatel-Lucent shareholders hold 33.5%. The [[Organization:Bell Labs|Bell Labs]] division was to be maintained, but the Alcatel-Lucent brand would be replaced by Nokia.<ref name="verge-alcatelnokia">{{cite web |author=Byford, Sam |title=Nokia agrees to buy Alcatel-Lucent for $16.6 billion |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/4/15/8418709/nokia-alcatel-lucent-merge |website=The Verge |date=15 April 2015 |access-date=15 April 2015 }}</ref><ref>Simon Zekaria and Ryan Knutson, The Wall Street Journal. "[https://www.wsj.com/articles/merger-of-nokia-with-alcatel-lucent-could-put-pressure-on-prices-1429016471 Merger of Nokia With Alcatel-Lucent Could Put Pressure on Prices]." 14 April 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2016.</ref> In October 2015, following approval of the deal by China's Ministry of Commerce, the merger awaited approval by French regulators.<ref>Daniel Thomas, Financial Times. "[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c75728f2-7654-11e5-a95a-27d368e1ddf7.html#axzz3p2hzeX7Q Nokia-Alcatel Lucent deal wins approval of Chinese regulator]." 19 October 2015. 19 October 2015.</ref> Despite the initial intent of selling the submarine cable division separately, Alcatel-Lucent later declared that it would not.<ref>{{Cite news|title = Alcatel's strategic undersea cables unit to be swallowed by Nokia|url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nokia-alcatel-cables-idUSKCN0S02IN20151007|newspaper = Reuters|date = 7 October 2015|access-date = 20 November 2015|archive-date = 21 November 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151121030754/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/10/07/us-nokia-alcatel-cables-idUSKCN0S02IN20151007|url-status = live}}</ref> The merger closed on 14 January 2016,<ref>Peter Dinham, iTWire. "[http://www.itwire.com/it-industry-news/strategy/71079-nokia-alcatel-lucent-acquisition-closes Nokia, Alcatel-Lucent acquisition closes]." 18 January 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2016.</ref> but was not complete until 3 November 2016. From the acquisition, Nokia is now also the owner of the Alcatel mobile phone brand, which continues to be licensed to [[Company:TCL Corporation|TCL Corporation]].

On 3 August 2015, Nokia announced that it had reached a deal to sell its [[Company:Here|Here]] digital maps division to a consortium of [[Company:BMW|BMW]], Daimler AG and [[Company:Volkswagen Group|Volkswagen Group]] for €2.8 billion.<ref name=cnet-heresale>{{cite web|title=Nokia sells Here maps business to carmakers Audi, BMW and Daimler|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/nokia-sells-here-maps-business-to-carmaker-consortium-of-audi-bmw-and-daimler/ |website=CNET |access-date=3 August 2015}}</ref> The deal closed on 3 December 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/12/04/nokia-closes-its-2-8b-sale-of-here-to-the-audi-bmw-and-daimler-car-consortium/|title=Nokia Closes Its $2.8B Sale Of Here To The Audi, BMW And Daimler Car Consortium|first=Ingrid|last=Lunden|work=TechCrunch |access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref>

=== 2016–2019 ===
On 26 April 2016, Nokia announced its intent to acquire French connected health device maker [[Company:Withings|Withings]] for US$191 million. The company was integrated into a new Digital Health unit of Nokia Technologies.<ref>By Matthias Verbergt and Sam Schechner, The Wall Street Journal. "[https://www.wsj.com/articles/nokia-has-designs-on-a-healthier-futurewith-purchase-of-fitness-gadgets-startup-1461683376 Nokia Has Designs on a Healthier Future With Purchase of Fitness Gadgets Startup]." 26 April 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/nokia-completes-withings-acquisition/|title=It's official: Nokia owns Withings|last=Falcone|first=John|date=31 May 2015|website=CNET|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> Nokia later wrote off the cost of the acquisition and in May 2018 the health unit was sold back to Éric Carreel, a Withings co-founder and former CEO.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2018/05/31/withings-cofounder-eric-carreel-finalizes-deal-to-regain-control-from-nokia/|title=Withings co-founder Éric Carreel finalizes deal to regain control from Nokia|last=O'Brien|first=Chris|date=31 May 2018|website=VentureBeat.com|access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Nokia 6 12.jpg|thumb|2017 Nokia 6]]
On 18 May 2016, Microsoft Mobile sold its Nokia-branded feature phone business to [[Company:HMD Global|HMD Global]], a new company founded by former Nokia executive Jean-Francois Baril, and an associated factory in Vietnam to [[Company:Foxconn|Foxconn]]'s [[Company:Foxconn#FIH Mobile|FIH Mobile]] subsidiary. Nokia subsequently entered into a long-term licensing deal to make HMD the exclusive manufacturer of Nokia-branded phones and tablets outside Japan, operating in conjunction with Foxconn. The deal also granted HMD the right to essential patents and featurephone software. HMD subsequently announced the Android-based [[Engineering:Nokia 6|Nokia 6]] smartphone in January 2017.<ref name="bbc-hmdfounded">{{cite news|title=Microsoft sells Nokia feature phones business|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-36320329|work=BBC News|access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref><ref name="anand-nokia6">{{cite web|title=Nokia 6 Announced: Qualcomm Snapdragon 430, 5.5-Inch Display Android 7|url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/11020/nokia-6-announced-qualcomm-snapdragon-430-55inch-display-andoid-7|publisher=Anandtech |access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref> At Mobile World Congress, HMD additionally unveiled the [[Engineering:Nokia 3|Nokia 3]] and [[Engineering:Nokia 5|Nokia 5]] smartphones, as well as a re-imagining of Nokia's classic [[Engineering:Nokia 3310|3310]] feature phone.<ref name="ars-3310">{{cite web|title=Report: HMD to resurrect legendary Nokia 3310 at Mobile World Congress|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/02/report-hmd-to-resurrect-legendary-nokia-3310-at-mobile-world-congress/|website=Ars Technica|date=14 February 2017|access-date=2 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/02/18/nokia-3310-relaunch-still-love-phone-defined-nokia-era/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2017/02/18/nokia-3310-relaunch-still-love-phone-defined-nokia-era/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Nokia 3310 relaunch: Why we still love the phone that defined the Nokia era|newspaper=The Telegraph|author=James Titcomb |date=18 February 2017|access-date=8 March 2017}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Nokia has direct investments in the company,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-06 |title=Nokia 2020 Annual Report reveals company's ownership interest in HMD Global, the maker of Nokia smartphones and more {{!}} Nokiamob |url=https://nokiamob.net/2021/03/06/nokia-2020-annual-report-reveals-companys-ownership-interest-in-hmd-global-the-maker-of-nokia-smartphones/,%20https://nokiamob.net/2021/03/06/nokia-2020-annual-report-reveals-companys-ownership-interest-in-hmd-global-the-maker-of-nokia-smartphones/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> and they do have some input in the new devices.

On 28 June 2016, Nokia demonstrated for the first time a [[5G|5G]]-ready network.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2016/06/28/nokia-demonstrates-worlds-first-5g-ready-network|title=Nokia demonstrates world's first 5G-ready network |publisher=Nokia}}</ref> In February 2017 Nokia carried out a 5G connection in Oulu, Finland using the 5GTF standard, backed by Verizon, on [[Company:Intel|Intel]] architecture-based equipment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rcrwireless.com/20170215/test-and-measurement/20170215test-and-measurementnokia-carries-5g-connection-using-5gtf-standards|title=Nokia carries out 5G connection using 5GTF standards|date=15 February 2017}}</ref>

In July 2017, Nokia and [[Company:Xiaomi|Xiaomi]] announced that they have signed a business collaboration agreement and a multi-year patent agreement, including a cross-license to each company's cellular standard-essential patents.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2017/07/05/nokia-and-xiaomi-sign-business-cooperation-and-patent-agreements|title= Nokia and Xiaomi sign business cooperation and patent agreements|access-date=5 July 2017|date= 5 July 2017}}</ref> In that year, Nokia's brand value was ranked 188th by Brand Finance, a jump of 147 places from 2016. Its rise was attributed to its health portfolio and new mobile phones developed by HMD Global.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nokiamob.net/2018/02/01/nokia-jumps-from-335th-to-188th-place-on-brand-finance-list-for-2017/|title=Nokia jumps from 335th to 188th place on Brand Finance list for 2017|date=1 February 2018|website=Nokiamob.net}}</ref>

In January 2018, Nokia signed a deal with NTT Docomo, Japan's largest mobile operator, to provide 5G wireless radio base stations in the country by 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nokia-5g-ntt-docomo/nokia-signs-its-first-official-5g-equipment-deal-with-ntt-docomo-idUSKBN1F80QM|title=Nokia signs its first official 5G equipment deal with NTT DoCoMo|website=Reuters.com|date=19 January 2018}}</ref> Later that month, Nokia announced the ReefShark line of 5G [[Engineering:Chipset|chipset]]s, claiming that it triples bandwidth to 84 Gbit/s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/nokias-new-reefshark-chipset-aims-to-deliver-big-5g-performance-boost/|title=Nokia's new ReefShark chipset aims to deliver big 5G performance boost – ZDNet|first=Liam|last=Tung|website=Zdnet.com}}</ref> In March, Solidium, the investment arm of the Finnish government, purchased a 3.3% stake in Nokia valued at €844 million.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.techradar.com/news/finnish-government-acquires-stake-in-nokia|title=Finnish government acquires stake in Nokia|work=TechRadar|access-date=24 March 2018|language=en}}</ref> In May, Nokia announced that it had acquired a {{wipe|California}}-based IoT startup, SpaceTime Insight.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-spacetime-m-a-nokia/nokia-acquires-u-s-software-supplier-spacetime-insight-idUSKBN1I80JA|title=Nokia acquires U.S. software supplier SpaceTime Insight|last=Auchard|first=Eric|work=U.S.|access-date=7 May 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

In January 2019, the Canadian government announced that it would provide $40 million to support Nokia's research on [[5G|5G]] technology.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/technology/article-canada-strikes-5g-research-deal-with-nokia/|title=Canada strikes 5G wireless research deal with Nokia|last=Blatchford|first=Andy|date=24 January 2019|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=27 January 2019}}</ref> A 2019 study revealed that Nokia phones performed far better than rivals [[Company:Samsung|Samsung]], [[Company:LG Corporation|LG]], [[Company:Xiaomi|Xiaomi]], and [[Company:Huawei|Huawei]] in updating to the latest version of [[Software:Android (operating system)|Android]]. The study, made by Counterpoint Research, found that 96 percent of Nokia phones were either sent with or updated to the latest Android version since [[Software:Android Pie|Pie]] was released in 2018. Nokia's competitors were found to be all around roughly the 80 percent range.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kastrenakes |first1=Jacob |title=Nokia is better than Samsung at timely Android updates, study says |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/9/2/20844444/android-updates-still-take-forever-study-says |website=The Verge |date=2 September 2019 |access-date=Sep 2, 2019}}</ref>

=== 2020–present ===
On March 2, 2020, Nokia announced Pekka Lundmark as its new CEO.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/03/02/tech/nokia-ceo-pekka-lundmark/index.html|title=Nokia names new CEO after missing 5G opportunity|last=Toh|first=Michelle|date=March 2, 2020|website=CNN Business|access-date=March 2, 2020}}</ref> Later that month, Nokia completed the acquisition of Elenion Technologies, a U.S.-based company focusing on silicon photonics technology to improve economics of advanced optical connectivity products.<ref>[https://www.nokia.com/about-us/news/releases/2020/03/25/nokia-completes-acquisition-of-elenion-technologies/ "Nokia completes acquisition of Elenion Technologies"] (25 March 2020). ''Nokia.com''. Retrieved 9 June 2020.</ref>

On May 27, 2020, Sari Baldauf succeeded Risto Siilasmaa as chairwoman of the board of directors, and Kari Stadigh was appointed vice chair. In June, Nokia won a 5G contract worth approximately $450 million<ref>{{cite web |title=Comeback of Nokia – The Phoenix That Rose From Its Ashes |date=3 November 2020 |url=https://marketscombined.com/blog/nokia-the-phoenix-that-rose-from-its-ashes/ |publisher=MarketsCombined |access-date=6 November 2020}}</ref> from Taiwan Mobile to build out the telecom operator's next-generation network as the sole supplier.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mukherjee|first=Supantha|date=June 29, 2020|title=Nokia wins Taiwan Mobile 5G contract worth $450 million|url=https://www.platformexecutive.com/news/mobile-telecoms-infrastructure/nokia-wins-taiwan-mobile-5g-contract-worth-450-million/|access-date=June 29, 2020|website=Platform Executive}}</ref> In October, Nokia announced a contract with [[Organization:NASA|NASA]] to build a 4G mobile network for astronaut usage on the moon. The $14.1 million contract, through subsidiary Bell Labs, was expected to begin in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Browne|first=Ryan|date=2020-10-19|title=NASA is launching a 4G mobile network on the moon|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/10/19/nasa-is-launching-a-4g-mobile-network-on-the-moon.html|access-date=2020-10-19|website=CNBC|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Goldman|first=David|date=2020-10-19|title=NASA and Nokia are putting a 4G network on the moon|url=https://www.cnn.com/cnn/2020/10/18/tech/4g-network-moon-trnd/index.html|access-date=2020-10-20|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-23|title=Nokia to launch various phones with Android Go
|url=https://www.promagzine.com/2020/11/23/nokia-to-launch-various-phones-with-android-go/ |access-date=2020-11-23|website=Pro Magazine|language=en}}</ref>

In 2020, [[Company:Flipkart|Flipkart]] collaborated with Nokia to market Nokia-branded consumer products in India. These included televisions, a laptop and a range of air conditioners.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Flipkart partners with Nokia to launch new air conditioners in India|url=https://tech.hindustantimes.com/home-appliances/news/flipkart-partners-with-nokia-to-launch-new-air-conditioners-in-india-71608543284283.html|access-date=2020-12-22|website=Hindustan Times|date=21 December 2020|language=en}}</ref> In April 2022, Nokia announced that it would exit the Russian market following the country's invasion of Ukraine. The company stated that the decision would not affect its financial outlook as Russia accounted for less than 2% of Nokia's net sales in 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mukherjee |first=Supantha |date=2022-04-12 |title=Nokia to stop doing business in Russia |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/nokia-says-stop-doing-business-russia-2022-04-12/ |access-date=2022-04-12}}</ref>

In February 2023, Nokia introduced a new logo for the first time in nearly 60 years<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukherjee |first=Supantha |date=2023-02-26 |title=Nokia changes iconic logo to signal strategy shift |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/tech/tech-news/2023/02/26/nokia-changes-iconic-logo-to-signal-strategy-shift |access-date= |website=The Star |language=en}}</ref> to change its brand identity as people still associated the previous logo with mobile phones.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lindeberg |first=Rafaela |date=2023-02-27 |title=Nokia redesigns logo because people think it still makes mobile phones |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/tech/tech-news/2023/02/27/nokia-redesigns-logo-because-people-think-it-still-makes-mobile-phones |access-date= |website=The Star |language=en}}</ref> The new logo was designed by Lippincott.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nokia Rebrand |url=https://lippincott.com/work/nokia-rebrand/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=Lippincott |language=en-US}}</ref>

In December 2023, Nokia acquired Fenix Group to strengthen its wireless offering in the defense segment for an undisclosed amount.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-12 |title=Nokia to acquire Fenix Group, strengthening wireless offering in the Defense segment |url=https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/nokia-acquire-fenix-group-strengthening-071200951.html |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Yahoo Finance |language=en-GB}}</ref>

== Current operations ==
Nokia is a [[Finance:Osakeyhtiö#Julkinen osakeyhtiö|julkinen osakeyhtiö]] (public [[Social:Joint-stock company|joint-stock company]]) listed on the Nasdaq Nordic/Helsinki and [[Company:New York Stock Exchange|New York]] stock exchanges.<ref name="FAQ" /> Nokia has played a very large role in the economy of Finland,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.taloussanomat.fi/porssi-ja-raha/2007/07/24/Ulkomaalaiset+valtaavat+p%F6rssiyhti%F6it%E4/200717658/103|title=Ulkomaalaiset valtaavat pörssiyhtiöitä|last=Kapanen|first=Ari|date=24 July 2007|publisher=Taloussanomat|language=fi|access-date=14 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Nokia-is-no-longer-Finlands-most-valuable-company_id28750|title=Nokia is no longer Finland's most valuable company|date=4 April 2012|publisher=phonearena.com}}</ref> and it is an important employer in the country, working with multiple local [[Social:Business partner|partners]] and [[Finance:Subcontractor|subcontractor]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etla.fi/files/940_FES_01_1_nokia.pdf |title=The role of Nokia in the Finnish Economy |last=Ali-Yrkkö |first=Jyrki |year=2001 |publisher=ETLA (The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy) |access-date=21 March 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024180817/http://www.etla.fi/files/940_FES_01_1_nokia.pdf |archive-date=24 October 2007 }}</ref> Nokia contributed 1.6% to Finland's GDP and accounted for about 16% of the country's exports in 2006.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.etla.fi/files/2585_nokia_kirja_8_v2_kansineen.pdf |title=NOKIA AND FINLAND IN A SEA OF CHANGE |last=Ali-Yrkkö |first=Jyrki |year=2010 |publisher=ETLA&nbsp;– Research Institute of the Finnish Economy |access-date=12 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425073135/http://www.etla.fi/files/2585_nokia_kirja_8_v2_kansineen.pdf |archive-date=25 April 2012 }}</ref>

Nokia comprises two business groups along with further subsidiaries and affiliated firms.

=== Nokia Networks ===
{{Main|Company:Nokia Networks}}
[[File:Nokia Networks Munich Office, April 2017 -02.jpg|thumb|Inside the Nokia Networks office in [[Place:Munich|Munich]], Germany]]
[[Company:Nokia Networks|Nokia Networks]] is Nokia Corporation's largest division. It is a multinational data networking and telecommunications equipment company headquartered in Espoo, Finland, and is the world's third-largest telecoms equipment manufacturer, measured by 2017 revenues (after [[Company:Huawei|Huawei]] and [[Company:Cisco|Cisco]]). In the USA it competes with Ericsson on building 5G networks for operators, while Huawei Technologies and ZTE Corporation were effectively banned.<ref>{{cite news|title=Trump team idea to nationalize 5G network to counter China is rejected|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-5g-fcc/fcc-chief-says-he-would-oppose-a-national-5g-network-idUSKBN1FI1T2|newspaper=Reuters|date=29 January 2018|quote=The rules for 5G networks are still being worked out by industry players. The work has been complicated by an effective ban in the United States on two of the largest firms, Chinese suppliers Huawei Technologies Co Ltd [HWT.UL] and ZTE Corp since a 2012 investigation over links to potential Chinese spying, something the companies have denied. }}</ref>

It has operations in around 150 countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nokia Siemens Networks Fact Sheet |publisher=Nokia Siemens Networks |url=http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/NR/rdonlyres/79BA3656-FD19-453F-984C-199A3B8AC79F/0/Factsheet_21March.pdf |access-date=9 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718225357/http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/NR/rdonlyres/79BA3656-FD19-453F-984C-199A3B8AC79F/0/Factsheet_21March.pdf |archive-date=18 July 2007 }}</ref>

Nokia Networks provides wireless and fixed network infrastructure, communications and networks service platforms and professional services to operators and service providers.<ref name="Structure">{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/about-nokia/company/structure|title=Structure|date=1 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008064142/http://www.nokia.com/about-nokia/company/structure|archive-date=8 October 2009|publisher=Nokia Corporation|access-date=28 December 2009}}</ref> It focuses on GSM, EDGE, [[3G|3G]]/W-CDMA, [[Engineering:LTE (telecommunication)|LTE]] and [[Organization:WiMAX|WiMAX]] radio access networks, supporting core networks with increasing IP and multiaccess capabilities and services.

The Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN) brand identity was launched at the 3GSM World Congress in [[Place:Barcelona|Barcelona]] in February 2007 as a joint venture between Nokia (50.1%) and [[Company:Siemens|Siemens]] (49.9%),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.underconsideration.com/brandnew/archives/the_wave_of_the_future.php|title=The Wave of the Future|date=25 March 2007|work=Brand New: Opinions on Corporate and Brand Identity Work|publisher=UnderConsideration LLC|access-date=14 May 2008}}<br />{{cite web|url=http://www.identityworks.com/reviews/2007/Nokia_Siemens.htm|title=Reviews&nbsp;– 2007&nbsp;– Nokia Siemens Networks|year=2007|publisher=Identityworks|access-date=14 May 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806150726/http://www.identityworks.com/reviews/2007/Nokia_Siemens.htm|archive-date=6 August 2013}}</ref> although it is now wholly owned by Nokia. In July 2013, Nokia bought back all shares in Nokia Siemens Networks for a sum of US$2.21 billion and renamed it to Nokia Solutions and Networks, shortly thereafter changed to simply Nokia Networks.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nokia Pays $2.21 Billion for Siemens Stake in NSN|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324436104578579173664529206|access-date=18 December 2013|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=1 July 2013|author=Juhana Rossi}}</ref>

=== Nokia Technologies ===
[[File:NSN-tampere.jpg|thumb|left|Nokia office building in Tampere, Finland]]
Nokia Technologies is a division of Nokia that develops consumer products and licenses technology including the ''Nokia'' brand.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://company.nokia.com/en/our-businesses#nokia-technologies |title=Our businesses |access-date=15 April 2015 |publisher=Nokia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416072059/http://company.nokia.com/en/our-businesses#nokia-technologies |archive-date=16 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}{{Self-published source|date=April 2015}}</ref> Its focuses are imaging, sensing, wireless connectivity, power management and materials, and other areas such as the IP licensing program. It consists of three labs: Radio Systems Lab, in areas of radio access, wireless local connectivity and radio implementation; Media Technologies Lab, in areas of multimedia and interaction; and Sensor and Material Technologies Lab, in areas of advanced sensing solutions, interaction methods, nanotechnologies and quantum technologies. Nokia Technologies also provides public participation in its development through the ''Invent with Nokia'' program.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://inventwithnokia.nokia.com/why-invent-with-nokia/why-invent-with-us |title=Why invent with us? |publisher=Nokia |access-date=15 April 2015 }}{{Self-published source|date=April 2015}}</ref> It was created in 2014 following a restructuring of Nokia Corporation.

In November 2014, Nokia Technologies launched its first product, the [[Engineering:Nokia N1|Nokia N1]] [[Engineering:Tablet computer|tablet computer]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Nokia's first device after Microsoft is an iPad mini clone that runs Android|author=Tom Warren|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/11/18/7239709/nokia-n1-tablet-price-release-date|website=The Verge|date=18 November 2014|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> In July 2015, Nokia Technologies introduced a [[VR photography|VR camera]] called [[Engineering:Nokia OZO|OZO]], designed for professional content creators and developed in Tampere, Finland. With its 8 synchronized shutter sensors and 8 microphones, the product can capture [[3D film|stereoscopic 3D video]] and [[Surround sound|spatial audio]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ozo.nokia.com/ozo_en/discover/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610004806/https://ozo.nokia.com/ozo_en/discover|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 June 2016|title=Nokia OZO {{!}} Discover {{!}} For the best VR production experience|publisher=Nokia |access-date=8 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ozo.nokia.com/ozo_en/blog/|title=Nokia OZO {{!}} Blog|publisher=Nokia |access-date=8 February 2017}}</ref>

On 31 August 2016, Ramzi Haidamus announced he would be stepping down from his position as president of Nokia Technologies.<ref>Reuters. "[https://www.reuters.com/article/nokia-corp-managementchanges-idUSFWN1BB0LE Head of Technologies unit to leave Nokia]." 31 August 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.</ref> Brad Rodrigues, previously head of strategy and business development, assumed the role of interim president.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/en_int/brad-rodrigues-interim-president-of-nokia-technologies|title=Brad Rodrigues, Interim President of Nokia Technologies|publisher=Nokia|language=en|access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref> On 30 June 2017, Gregory Lee, previously CEO of [[Company:Samsung Electronics|Samsung Electronics]] in North America, was appointed Nokia Technologies CEO and president.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.phonearena.com/news/Nokia-snags-Gregory-Lee-from-Samsung_id95543|title=The new President of Nokia Technologies is Gregory Lee, former CEO at Samsung|website=Phonearena.com|date=30 June 2017 }}</ref>

=== Nokia Bell Labs ===
{{Main|Organization:Bell Labs}}
[[Organization:Bell Labs|Nokia Bell Labs]] is a research and scientific development firm that was once the R&D arm of the American Bell System. It became a subsidiary of Nokia Corporation after the takeover of [[Company:Alcatel-Lucent|Alcatel-Lucent]] in 2016.

In December, 2023, Nokia announced plans for a new research facility in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The relocation from the 80-year-old Bell Labs facility at Murray Hill, New Jersey is expected to occur before 2028. The Murray Hill laboratories produced important innovations for AT&T Corp., Lucent Technologies, Alcatel-Lucent, and Nokia.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Nokia unveils plans for new state-of-the-art research and development facility for Nokia Bell Labs in New Brunswick, New Jersey technology hub |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2023/12/11/2794025/0/en/Nokia-unveils-plans-for-new-state-of-the-art-research-and-development-facility-for-Nokia-Bell-Labs-in-New-Brunswick-New-Jersey-technology-hub.html |website=www.globenewswire.com |date=11 December 2023 |publisher=Nokia Oyj |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref>

=== NGP Capital ===
NGP Capital (formerly Nokia Growth Partners) is a global venture capital firm, focusing on investments in the growth stage "[[Internet of things]]" (IoT) and [[Engineering:Mobile technology|mobile technology]] companies.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/01/29/nokia-growth-partners-launches-third-fund-backed-by-250m-from-nokia-expands-in-china/|title=Nokia Growth Partners Launches Third Fund Backed By $250M From Nokia, Expands In China |publisher=Tech Crunch|author=Natasha Lomas|date=29 January 2013|access-date=22 October 2014}}</ref> NGP holds investments throughout the U.S., Europe, China and India. Their portfolio consists of companies in mobile technology including the sectors Connected Enterprise, Digital Health, Consumer IoT, and Connected Car. Following a $350 million funding for IoT companies in 2016, NGP manages $1 billion worth of assets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2016/02/21/nokia-growth-partners-raises-usd-350-million-investment-fund-for-investments-in-internet-of-things|title=Nokia Growth Partners raises USD 350 million investment fund for investments in Internet of Things – Nokia|website=Nokia.com}}</ref>

Nokia had previously promoted innovation through venture sponsorships dating back to 1998 with Nokia Venture Partners, which was renamed BlueRun Ventures and spun off in 2005.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nokia.com/en_int/news/releases/2005/02/07/nokia-venture-partners-becomes-bluerun-ventures-announces-1st-closing-of-350-million-fund|title=Nokia Venture Partners Becomes Bluerun Ventures; Announces 1st Closing Of $350 Million Fund – Nokia|website=Nokia.com}}</ref> Nokia Growth Partners (NGP) was founded in 2005 as a growth stage venture fund as a continuation of the early successes of Nokia Venture Partners. In 2017, the company was renamed to NGP Capital.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ngpcap.com/news/introducing-ngp-capital|title=Introducing NGP Capital |publisher=NGP Capital|access-date=2 December 2017}}</ref>

NGP's largest exits include GanJi, [[Company:UCWeb|UCWeb]], Whistle, [[Company:Rocket Fuel Inc.|Rocket Fuel]], Swype, Summit Microelectronics and Netmagic.

=== Nuage Networks ===
Nuage Networks is a venture providing [[Software-defined networking|software-defined networking]] solutions. It was formed by Alcatel-Lucent in 2013 to develop a software overlay for automating and orchestrating hybrid clouds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/2985330/cisco-subnet/is-nuage-really-key-to-nokia.html|title=Is Nuage really key to Nokia?|first=Jim|last=Duffy|website=Networkworld.com|date=23 September 2015}}</ref> It has been part of Nokia following their acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/nuage-networks-gets-some-love-from-nokia/2016/02/|title=Nuage Networks Gets Some Love From Nokia|website=Sdxcentral.com}}</ref> Throughout 2017 Nuage sealed deals with [[Company:Vodafone|Vodafone]] and [[Company:Telefónica|Telefónica]] to provide its [[SD-WAN]] architecture to their servers.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://telecoms.com/481968/nokias-nuage-networks-scores-telefonica-sd-wan-win/|title=Nokia's Nuage Networks scores Telefónica SD-WAN win|first=Bicheno |last=Scott|date=10 May 2017|website=Telecoms.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rcrwireless.com/20170314/software-defined-networking-sdn/vodafone-signs-nokias-nuage-networks-to-boost-sd-wan-efforts-tag2|title=Vodafone signs Nokia's Nuage Networks to boost SD-WAN efforts|date=14 March 2017|website=Rcrwireless.com}}</ref> [[Company:BT Group|BT]] had already been a client since 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nuagenetworks.net/blog/bt/|title=Nuage Networks to Contribute Technology for BT's future SD-WAN Services – Nuage Networks|date=10 November 2016|website=Nuagenetwroks.net}}</ref> A deal with [[Company:China Mobile|China Mobile]] in January 2017 also used Nuage's software-defined networking technology for 2,000 public cloud servers at existing data centers in China,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/china-mobile-picks-nuages-sdn-public-cloud/2017/01/|title=China Mobile Picks Nuage Networks SDN for Public Cloud|website=Sdxcentral.com}}</ref> and another in October 2017 with China Pacific Insurance Company.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/nuage-networks-wins-sdn-deal-large-chinese-enterprise/2017/10/|title=Nuage Networks Wins SDN Deal with Large Chinese Enterprise|website=Sdxcentral.com}}</ref>

The company is based in Mountain View, California and the CEO is Sunil Khandekar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nuagenetworks.net/about-our-company/management-team/|title=Management Team – Nuage Networks|website=Nuagenetworks.net}}</ref>

=== Alcatel Mobile ===
{{Main|Company:Alcatel Mobile}}
Alcatel Mobile is a mobile phone brand owned by Nokia since 2016. It has been licensed since 2005 to Chinese company [[Company:TCL Corporation|TCL]] when it was under the ownership of Alcatel (later [[Company:Alcatel-Lucent|Alcatel-Lucent]]) in a contract until 2024.

=== HMD Global ===
{{Main|Company:HMD Global}}
HMD Global is a mobile phone company based in Espoo, Finland. The Nokia brand has been licensed by former Nokia employees who founded [[Company:HMD Global|HMD Global]] and introduced Nokia-branded [[Software:Android (operating system)|Android]]-based devices to the market in 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/1/8/14204524/nokia-6-android-smartphone-china|title=Nokia's new Android smartphone has been unveiled|work=The Verge|access-date=13 March 2018}}</ref> Nokia has no investment in the company but retains some input in the development of its devices.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/mobiles/features/meet-hmd-global-the-team-bringing-nokia-phones-back-1633189|title=Meet HMD Global, the Team Bringing Nokia Phones Back|work=NDTV Gadgets360.com|access-date=13 March 2018|language=en}}</ref>

Nokia has 10.10% ownership in HMD Global after investing alongside Qualcomm and Google in 2020. In the 2020 financial report, FIH Mobile disclosed they have a 14.38% ownership in HMD Global. Finnish Nokia owns 10.10% of HMD Global, while other investors include Google, Qualcomm, and others with an undisclosed share in HMD.

=== Alcatel Submarine Networks ===
[[File:Cable ship, Larne - geograph.org.uk - 637261.jpg|thumb|Cable ship Stanelco in 1975 with Alcatel acquisition in 2000]]
[[File:Lodbrog Shipped in Keelung Port 20131227.jpg|thumb|right|Alcatel-Lucent ship, CS Lodbrog, in Port Keelung in 2013]]
[[Engineering:Alcatel Submarine Networks|Alcatel Submarine Networks]] (ASN) is a provider of turnkey undersea network solutions. The business unit develops technology and offers installation services for optical submarine cable network links across the world's oceans.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lightwaveonline.com/articles/2018/10/ekinops-acknowledges-talks-with-nokia-on-possible-purchase-of-alcatel-submarine-networks.html|title=Ekinops acknowledges talks with Nokia on possible purchase of Alcatel Submarine Networks|website=Lightwaveonline.com|date=22 October 2018 |access-date=23 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://networks.nokia.com/solutions/submarine-networks|title=Submarine Network Solutions|date=27 January 2013|work=Nokia Networks|access-date=23 October 2018|language=en}}</ref>

Previously, Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Networks, also became part of Nokia in 2016. Nokia and ASN had added another cable ship to the fleet called, ''CS Ile d'Ouessant''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://web.asn.com/en/about-asn/who-we-are/ |website=web.asn.com |publisher=Alcatel Submarne Systems |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref> The ''CS Ile d’Ouessant'' was purchased in 2019 and was originally built in 2011 as the ''CS Toisa Warrior''.<ref>{{cite web |title=ALCATEL SUBMARINE NETWORKS REJUVENATES ITS FLEET BY ACQUIRING ILE D'OUESSANT, A NEW MAINTENANCE VESSEL |url=https://web.asn.com/en/press-room/alcatel-submarine-networks-rejuvenates-its-fleet-by-acquiring-ile-d-ouessant-a-new-maintenance-vessel.html |website=web.asn.com |publisher=Alcatel Submarine Networks |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref> Additionally, in 2021, Nokia and ASN requested two cable ships for the fleet, the ''CS Ile d'Yeu'' and ''CS Ile de Molène''.<ref name="Submarine Telecom Forum">{{cite web |title=ASN Adds Two More Vessels To Their Fleet |url=https://subtelforum.com/asn-adds-two-more-vessels-to-their-fleet/ |website=subtelforum.com |date=29 June 2021 |publisher=Submarine Telecom Forum |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref>
[[File:Ile-de-Batz-2004.jpg|thumb|right|Alcatel cable ship Ile-de-Batz in 2004]]
[[File:Ile-de-Sein-2004.jpg|thumb|right|Alcatel cable ship ile de Sein in 2004]]
Here is a list of the cable-laying fleet from Alcatel (6), to Alcatel-Lucent (6<ref>{{cite web |title=Who we are |url=https://web.asn.com/en/about-asn/who-we-are/ |website=web.asn.com |publisher=Alcatel Submarine Systems |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref> and 7), though Nokia (8):
* CS ''Ile d'Yeu'' (2001, 2021–Present) Built in 2001. Purchased in 2021 by Nokia ASN as two additional ships for a fleet of eight cable ships. (IMO 9230414)
*CS ''Ile d'Molène'' (2006, 2021–Present) Built in 2006. Purchased in 2021 by Nokia ASN two additional ships for a fleet of eight cable ships. (IMO 9329928)<ref name="Submarine Telecom Forum"/>
* CS ''Ile d’Ouessant'' (2011, 2019–Present) Built in 2011 as the ''CS Toisa Warrior.'' Purchased by Nokia ASN in 2019. (IMO 9427108)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Maillet |first1=Jeremie |title=ILE D'OUESSANT |url=https://web.asn.com/marine/ile-d-ouessant.html |website=web.asn.com |publisher=Alcatel Submarine Networks |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref>
* CS ''Ile d'Aix'' (1992, 2011–Present) Built in 1992, as the cable ship, ''CS Gulmar Badaro.'' Purchased by Alcatel-Lucent in 2011, renaming the ship as CS Ile de AIX.<ref>{{cite web |title=GULMAR BADARO - IMO 9009310 |url=https://www.shipspotting.com/photos/1312808 |website=www.shipspotting.com |publisher=Ship Spotting |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref>
* CS ''ile d' Brehat'' (2002–Present) Built in 2002. North route main lay of 4400&nbsp;km for 2003 APOLLO route. Route clearance in 2015 for GTT Express.
* CS ''ile d' Sein'' (2001–Present) Built in 2001, Length: 140.36 m, Cable work in 2003 of routes Azores to Madeira and Madeira to Porto Santo.
* CS ''ile d' Batz'' (2001–Present) Built in 2001, 2003 APOLLO: Widemouth Bay, Bude, England to Brookhaven, USA and Lannion, France to Manasquan, USA, 2008 worked on TPE (Trans Pacific Express)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Meyer |first1=David |title=Aboard an Alcatel-Lucent undersea cable ship (photos) |url=https://www.cnet.com/pictures/aboard-an-alcatel-lucent-undersea-cable-ship-photos/ |website=www.cnet.com |publisher=Cnet |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref>
* CS ''ile d' Re'' (1983–Present) Built in 1983, in 2006 worked on the APNG 2 cable route from Sydney, Australia to Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. (OMS Group in August 2023 used MakaiLay software on ship, indication not part of ASN fleet.)<ref name="Submarine telecoms Forum">{{cite web |last1=Kugeler |first1=Hermann |title=OMS Group Commissions Makai Software Across Their Installation and Repair Fleet |url=https://subtelforum.com/oms-group-commissions-makai-software-for-fleet/ |website=subtelforum.com |date=24 August 2023 |publisher=Submarine telecoms Forum |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref>
* CS ''Stanelco 2'' (1975, 2000-Unknown) Built in 1975, Constructed by Brattvag Skips. in Brattvag. Named coaster ''Siraholm.'' Renamed in 1982 by Standard Telefon og Kabelfabrik when converted to cable repair ship. Sold to Alcatel Contracting Norway A/S, Oslo in 2000. (IMO 7382469, MMSI 341082000) (NOT IN NOKIA FLEET COUNT AS OF 2021) (OMS Group in August 2023 used MakaiLay software on ship, indication not part of ASN fleet.)
* CS ''Peter Faber 3'' (1981) Built in 1981, 2003, provided old cable recovery in the Atlantic with ile de Sein.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alcatel Completes Submarine Projects |url=https://www.lightreading.com/cable-technology/alcatel-completes-submarine-projects |website=www.lightreading.com |publisher=LightReading |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref> Optic Marine Services acquisition in September 24, 2019 of vessel continued ASN chartering the ship. (NOT IN NOKIA FLEET COUNT AS OF 2021) (Optic Marine Services Group in August 2023 used MakaiLay software on ship, indication not part of ASN fleet.)<ref name="Submarine telecoms Forum"/>
* CS ''Lodbrog'' (1985, 2000-Unknown) Built in 1985 as ''Spiegelberg'' and ''Tuzla''. Later renamed in 1996 as ''Bolero.''(IMO 8027808, MMSI: 354400000)  Registered to Alcatel in 2000. (NOT IN NOKIA FLEET COUNT AS OF 2021) (OMS Group in August 2023 used MakaiLay software on ship, indication not part of ASN fleet.)<ref name="Submarine telecoms Forum"/>
* CS ''Heimdal'' (1983, 2000-2004) Built in 1983, 1988: Renamed FERRYMAR I. and reverted to MERCANDIAN ADMIRAL II. 2000: Converted to a repair and cable laying vessel and sold to Alcatel Submarine Networks Marine AS. 2003 performed repair of optical fiber in the Pacific Ocean, route between Japan and the United States, at almost 9,400&nbsp;km deep.<ref>{{cite web |title=Alcatel breaks world record in deep-sea cable repairs in the Pacific Ocean |url=https://www.lightwaveonline.com/business/article/16657105/alcatel-breaks-world-record-in-deepsea-cable-repairs-in-the-pacific-ocean |website=Lightwave |date=23 June 2003 |access-date=7 December 2023}}</ref> 2004: Sold to SEACOR Smit Offshore (Worldwide) Ltd, (SEACOR Marine (Asia) Pte Ltd (IMO 8207393, MMSI: 538002126) (SOLD IN 2004, NOT IN ALCATEL-LUCENT FLEET AS OF 2015)

== Corporate affairs ==
=== Corporate governance ===
The control and management of Nokia is divided among the shareholders at a general meeting and the Nokia Group Leadership Team (left),<ref name="Nokia Group Leadership Team">{{cite web|url=http://company.nokia.com/en/about-us/corporate-governance/nokia-group-leadership-team|title=Nokia Group Leadership Team|date=May 2015|publisher=Nokia Corporation|access-date=1 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140501014116/http://company.nokia.com/en/about-us/corporate-governance/nokia-group-leadership-team|archive-date=1 May 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> under the direction of the board of directors (right).<ref name="Board of Directors">{{cite web|url=https://www.nokia.com/about-us/investors/corporate-governance/board-of-directors/meet-the-board/|title=Meet the Board|date=2015|publisher=Nokia Corporation|access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref> The chairman and the rest of the Nokia Leadership Team members are appointed by the board of directors. Only the chairman of the Nokia Leadership Team can belong to both the board of directors and the Nokia Group Leadership Team. The Board of Directors' committees consist of the Audit Committee,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/NOKIA_COM_1/About_Nokia/Sidebars_new_concept/Board_charters/audit_charter.pdf|title=Audit Committee Charter at Nokia|year=2007|publisher=Nokia Corporation|access-date=14 May 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528004602/http://www.nokia.com/NOKIA_COM_1/About_Nokia/Sidebars_new_concept/Board_charters/audit_charter.pdf|archive-date=28 May 2008}}</ref> the Personnel Committee,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/NOKIA_COM_1/About_Nokia/Sidebars_new_concept/Board_charters/personnel_charter_2007.pdf|title=Personnel Committee Charter at Nokia|year=2007|publisher=Nokia Corporation|access-date=14 May 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528004555/http://www.nokia.com/NOKIA_COM_1/About_Nokia/Sidebars_new_concept/Board_charters/personnel_charter_2007.pdf|archive-date=28 May 2008}}</ref> and the Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/NOKIA_COM_1/About_Nokia/Sidebars_new_concept/Board_charters/CG_Charter_2008_Final_20080123.pdf|title=Corporate Governance and Nomination Committee Charter at Nokia|year=2008|publisher=Nokia Corporation|access-date=14 May 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528004608/http://www.nokia.com/NOKIA_COM_1/About_Nokia/Sidebars_new_concept/Board_charters/CG_Charter_2008_Final_20080123.pdf|archive-date=28 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/link?cid=EDITORIAL_4207|title=Committees of the Board|date=May 2007|publisher=Nokia Corporation|access-date=14 May 2008}}</ref>

The operations of the company are managed within the framework set by the Finnish Companies Act,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lmr.fi/publications/companies_act_290906.pdf|title=New Finnish Companies Act designed to increase Finland's competitiveness|last=Virkkunen|first=Johannes|date=29 September 2006|publisher=LMR Attorneys Ltd. (Luostarinen Mettälä Räikkönen)|access-date=14 May 2008|archive-date=3 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303103144/http://www.lmr.fi/publications/companies_act_290906.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Nokia's Articles of Association,<ref name="nokia_articles_of_association">{{cite web|url=http://company.nokia.com/sites/default/files/download/nokia-articles-of-association.pdf|title=Articles of Association of Nokia Corporation|publisher=Nokia Corporation|access-date=26 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626214020/http://company.nokia.com/sites/default/files/download/nokia-articles-of-association.pdf|archive-date=26 June 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> and Corporate Governance Guidelines,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/NOKIA_COM_1/About_Nokia/Sidebars_new_concept/Board_charters/corporate_governance_guideline_sep06.pdf|title=Corporate Governance Guidelines at Nokia|year=2006|publisher=Nokia Corporation|access-date=14 May 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080528004537/http://www.nokia.com/NOKIA_COM_1/About_Nokia/Sidebars_new_concept/Board_charters/corporate_governance_guideline_sep06.pdf|archive-date=28 May 2008}}</ref> supplemented by the board of directors' adopted charters. On 25 November 2019, Nokia announced that it would discontinue the role of Chief Operating Officer (COO) and distribute its functions to other company leaders. As a result, Chief Operating Officer Joerg Erlemeier decided to step down, effective 1 January 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nokia.com/about-us/news/releases/2019/11/25/nokia-to-discontinue-chief-operating-officer-role-current-coo-joerg-erlemeier-to-leave-company/|title=Nokia to discontinue Chief Operating Officer role; current COO Joerg Erlemeier to leave company|website=Nokia}}</ref>

==== Former corporate officers ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Chief executive officers
!
! colspan="2"| Chairpersons of the board of directors<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kolumbus.fi/taglarsson/dokumentit/yritys.htm|title=Suomalaisten yritysten ylin johto|language=fi|access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
!''Name''
!''Tenure''
!
!''Name''
!''Tenure''
|-
| Björn Westerlund
| 1967–1977
|
| Lauri J. Kivekäs
| 1967–1977
|-
| Kari Kairamo
| 1977–1988
|
| Björn Westerlund
| 1977–1979
|-
|
|
|
| Mika Tiivola
| 1979–1986
|-
|
|
|
| Kari Kairamo
| 1986–1988
|-
| Simo Vuorilehto
| 1988–1992
|
| Simo Vuorilehto
| 1988–1990
|-
|
|
|
| Mika Tiivola
| 1990–1992
|-
| Jorma Ollila
| 1992–2006
|
| Casimir Ehrnrooth
| 1992–1999
|-
| Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo
| 2006–2010
|
| Jorma Ollila
| 1999–2012
|-
| Stephen Elop
| 2010–2014
|
|
|
|-
| Rajeev Suri
| 2014–2020
|
| Risto Siilasmaa
| 2012–2020
|-
| Pekka Lundmark
| Aug 2020
|
| Sari Baldauf
| 2020–current
|}

=== Stock ===
Nokia is a [[Company:Public limited company|public limited liability company]] and is the oldest company listed under the same name on the Helsinki Stock Exchange, beginning in 1915.<ref name="Towards Telecommunications" /> Nokia has had a secondary listing on the [[Company:New York Stock Exchange|New York Stock Exchange]] since 1994.<ref name="FAQ" /><ref name="Towards Telecommunications" /> Nokia shares were delisted from the [[Company:London Stock Exchange|London Stock Exchange]] in 2003, the Paris Stock Exchange in 2004, the Stockholm Stock Exchange in 2007 and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/nokia-applies-for-delisting-from-the-frankfurt-stock-exchange-helsinki-nok1v-1590801.htm|title=Nokia applies for delisting from the Frankfurt Stock Exchange|date=24 November 2011 |access-date=24 November 2017|publisher=marketwired.com}}</ref> Due to the acquisition of Alcatel-Lucent in 2015, Nokia listed its shares again on the Paris Stock Exchange and was included in the CAC 40 index on 6 January 2016<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://globenewswire.com/news-release/2016/01/07/800138/10158973/en/Nokia-announces-settlement-of-its-public-exchange-offer-for-Alcatel-Lucent-securities-the-registration-of-new-shares-and-its-inclusion-in-the-CAC-40-index.html?f=22&fvtc=2&fvtv=1|title=Nokia announces settlement of its public exchange offer for Alcatel-Lucent securities, the registration of new shares and its inclusion in the CAC 40 index|website=Globenewswire.com|date=7 January 2016|access-date=1 June 2016}}</ref> but later removed on 18 September 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/euronext-index-idUSL8N1LO6AU|title=Euronext to remove Nokia from CAC 40 index, include STMicroelectronics|newspaper=Reuters|date=7 September 2017|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref>

In 2007, Nokia had a market capitalization of €110 billion; by 17 July 2012 this had fallen to €6.28 billion, and by 23 February 2015, it increased to €26.07 billion. Nokia market cap at 2020 was 21.76 billion.

=== Corporate culture ===
Nokia's official [[Organization:Organizational culture|corporate culture]] manifesto since the 1990s is called ''The Nokia Way''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://faculty.fuqua.duke.edu/~coleman/ibm/Nokia.pdf |title=Newsletter|website=Faculty.fuqua.duke.edu}}</ref> It emphasizes the speed and flexibility of decision-making in a [[Social:Flat organization|flat]], [[Social:Entrepreneurial network|networked organization]].<ref name="Nokia Way">{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/A4126303|title=Nokia Way and values|publisher=Nokia Corporation|access-date=14 May 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513163145/http://www.nokia.com/A4126303|archive-date=13 May 2008}}</ref>

The official business language of Nokia is English. All documentation is written in English, and is used in official intra-company communication.

In 1992, Nokia adopted values that were defined with the key words ''respect'', ''achievement'', ''renewal'' and ''challenge''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dominiescommunicate.wordpress.com/2014/09/25/new-old-nokia-values/|title=New Old Nokia Values|date=25 September 2014}}</ref> In May 2007, the company redefined its values after initiating a series of discussion across its worldwide branches regarding what the new values of the company should be. Based on the employee suggestions, the new values were defined as: ''Engaging You'', ''Achieving Together'', ''Passion for Innovation'' and ''Very Human''.<ref name="Nokia Way" /> In August 2014, Nokia redefined its values again after the sale of its Devices business, using the original 1992 values again.

=== Headquarters ===
[[File:Nokian pääkonttori Keilaniemessä.jpg|thumb|The former Nokia House, Nokia's head office until April 2014. The building is located by the Gulf of Finland in Keilaniemi, Espoo, and was constructed between 1995 and 1997. It was the workplace of more than 1,000 Nokia employees.<ref name="Towards Telecommunications">{{cite web|url=http://www.nokia.com/NOKIA_COM_1/About_Nokia/Sidebars_new_concept/Broschures/TowardsTelecomms.pdf|title=Nokia&nbsp;– Towards Telecommunications|date=August 2000|publisher=Nokia Corporation|access-date=5 June 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710011202/http://www.nokia.com/NOKIA_COM_1/About_Nokia/Sidebars_new_concept/Broschures/TowardsTelecomms.pdf|archive-date=10 July 2009}}</ref>]]

Nokia are based at Karaportti in Espoo, Finland, just outside capital [[Place:Helsinki|Helsinki]]. It has been their head office since 2014 after moving from the purpose-built Nokia House in Espoo as part of the sale of the mobile phone business to Microsoft.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://unleashthephones.com/2014/04/26/nokia-house-now-has-microsoft-branding/|title=Nokia House now has Microsoft Branding|publisher=UnleashThePhones|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140525022038/http://tech.infaround.com/2012/12/04/official-nokia-to-sell-and-lease-back-of-nokia-house|archive-date=25 May 2014}}</ref> The building in Karaportti was previously the headquarters of NSN (now Nokia Networks).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://company.nokia.com/en/contact|title=Contact|publisher=Nokia|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325211543/http://company.nokia.com/en/contact|archive-date=25 March 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Awards and recognition ==
In 2018, Nokia received the Leading Lights award for most innovative cable/video product<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lightreading.com/automation/leading-lights-2018-the-winners/d/d-id/743054|title=Leading Lights 2018: The Winners|work=Light Reading|access-date=30 May 2018|language=en}}</ref> and was named to Ethisphere's 2018 world's most ethical companies list.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ethisphere.com/2018-worlds-most-ethical-companies/|title=Ethisphere Institute Announces 135 Companies Honored as World's Most Ethical Companies|work=Ethisphere® Institute|access-date=30 May 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Logo history ==
<gallery>
Nokian logo (1865).svg|alt=Nokia Osakeyhtiö logo, 1865.|''Nokia Osakeyhtiö'' logo, 1865<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.boredpanda.com/21-logo-evolutions-pepsi-cola-apple-nike-nokia/|title = 21 Logo Evolutions of the World's Well Known Logo Designs| date=4 December 2009 |publisher = BoredPanda|access-date = 30 November 2015}}</ref>
Nokia logo 1965.svg|alt=Nokia Osakeyhtiö logo, 1965.|''Nokia Osakeyhtiö'' logo, 1871<ref>{{cite book|author = Bonsdorff, Lars G. von|title = Nokia Osakeyhtiö 1865–1965|publisher = Nokia Osakeyhtiö – Nokia Aktiebolag|year = 1965}}</ref>
Suomen Kumitehtaan logo (1965).svg|alt=Finnish Rubber Works (Suomen Kumitehdas) logo, 1965–1986.|Finnish Rubber Works (''Suomen Kumitehdas'') logo, 1965–1986
Nokia nuolilogo.svg|Nokia 'Arrows' logo, after merging with the Cable Factory (''Kaapelitehdas'') and Finnish Rubber Works (1966–1992). Used in advertising and products until c. 1997.
Nokia Connecting People.svg|Nokia introduced its ''"Connecting People"'' [[Finance:Advertising slogan|advertising slogan]] in 1992, coined by Ove Strandberg.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hs.fi/arkisto/haku?pageNumber=1&order=FIFO&advancedSearch=&free=Connecting+People+Ove+Strandberg&date=year2003&depa=Kaikki+osastot&fromDay=0&fromMonth=0&fromYear=0&toDay=0&toMonth=0&toYear=0|title=HS Archives|date=1 June 2003|newspaper=Helsingin Sanomat|language=fi|access-date=14 May 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hdicon.com/vector-logos/nokia-connecting-pople-1992/|title=NOKIA <nowiki>|</nowiki>Connecting People 1992 Vector Logo (AI EPS)|publisher=HDicon.com|access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref>
Nokia - 2005 logo.svg|New slogan typeface (Nokia Sans font) introduced in 2005. Nokia Sans had been used by Nokia in products since 2002.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hdicon.com/vector-logos/nokia-connecting-pople-new/|title=NOKIA <nowiki>|</nowiki>Connecting People new Vector Logo (AI EPS)|publisher=HDicon.com|access-date=17 October 2010}}</ref>
Nokia wordmark.svg|[[Social:Wordmark|Wordmark]]-only version in 2007 (the company stopped using a slogan within its logo in 2011), currently used on Nokia-branded consumer devices including [[Company:HMD Global|HMD Global]]-produced phones<ref>{{cite news |title=Nokia unveils new "logo" & strategy, Classic logo for Nokia-branded phones & other devices |url=https://nokiapoweruser.com/nokia-unveils-new-logo-strategy-classic-logo-for-nokia-branded-phones-other-devices/ |work=Nokiapoweruser |date=27 February 2023}}</ref>
Nokia 2023.svg|Current logo since 2023
Nokia typefaces.png|alt=History of Nokia's corporate typeface.|History of Nokia's corporate typeface
</gallery>

== Controversies ==
=== NSN's provision of intercept capability to Iran ===
In 2008, Nokia Siemens Networks, a joint venture between Nokia and [[Company:Siemens|Siemens]] AG, reportedly provided [[Religion:Iran|Iran]]'s monopoly telecom company with technology that allowed it to intercept the Internet communications of its citizens.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8112550.stm|title=Hi-tech helps Iranian monitoring|last=Cellan-Jones|first=Rory|date=22 June 2009|work=BBC News|access-date=14 July 2009}}</ref> The technology reportedly allowed Iran to use [[Social:Deep packet inspection|deep packet inspection]] to read and change the content of emails, social media, and online phone calls. The technology "enables authorities to not only block communication but to monitor it to gather information about individuals, as well as alter it for disinformation purposes".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/irans-web-spying-aided-western-technology|title=Iran's Web Spying Aided By Western Technology |publisher=YaleGlobal Online |access-date=22 May 2017}}</ref>

During the post-election protests in Iran in June 2009, Iran's Internet access was reported to have slowed to less than a tenth of its normal speeds, which experts suspected was due to using of deep packet inspection.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124562668777335653 |title=Iran's Web Spying Aided By Western Technology|last=Rhoads|first=Christopher|author2=Chao, Loretta |date=22 June 2009|work=The Wall Street Journal|publisher=Dow Jones & Company, Inc.|pages=A1|access-date=14 July 2009}}</ref>

In July 2009, Nokia began to experience a [[Social:Boycott|boycott]] of their products and services in [[Religion:Iran|Iran]]. The boycott was led by consumers sympathetic to the post-election protest movement and targeted companies deemed to be collaborating with the regime. Demand for handsets fell and users began shunning [[SMS]] messaging.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/14/nokia-boycott-iran-election-protests|title=Iranian consumers boycott Nokia for 'collaboration'|last=Kamali Dehghan|first=Saeed|date=14 July 2009|work=The Guardian |access-date=27 July 2009 | location=London}}</ref>

Nokia Siemens Networks asserted in a press release that it provided Iran only with a "lawful intercept capability solely for monitoring of local voice calls" and that it "has not provided any deep packet inspection, web censorship, or Internet filtering capability to Iran".<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/global/Press/Press+releases/news-archive/Provision+of+Lawful+Intercept+capability+in+Iran.htm |title=Provision of Lawful Intercept capability in Iran |date=22 June 2009 |publisher=Nokia Siemens Networks |access-date=14 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090625174434/http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/global/Press/Press+releases/news-archive/Provision+of+Lawful+Intercept+capability+in+Iran.htm |archive-date=25 June 2009 }}</ref>

=== Nokia–Apple patent dispute ===
In October 2009, Nokia filed a lawsuit against [[Company:Apple Inc.|Apple Inc.]] in the U.S. District Court of Delaware claiming that Apple infringed on 10 of its patents related to wireless communication including data transfer.<ref name="Nokia-Apple">{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE60H05R20100118?type=marketsNews|title=SCENARIOS-What lies ahead in Nokia vs Apple legal battle|last=Virki|first=Tarmo|date=18 January 2010|work=Reuters|access-date=25 January 2010}}</ref> Apple was quick to respond with a countersuit filed in December 2009 accusing Nokia of 11 patent infringements. Apple's general counsel, Bruce Sewell went a step further by stating, "Other companies must compete with us by inventing their own technologies, not just by stealing ours." This resulted in a legal battle between the two telecom majors with Nokia filing another suit, this time with the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC), alleging Apple had infringed its patents in "virtually all of its mobile phones, portable music players and computers".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theandroid.in/nokias-new-patent-suit-against-apple/|title=The war of the Smartphones: Nokia's new patent suit against Apple|date=6 January 2010|work=Smartphone Reviews|access-date=25 January 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709014240/http://www.theandroid.in/nokias-new-patent-suit-against-apple/|archive-date=9 July 2015}}</ref> Nokia went on to ask the court to ban all U.S. imports of the Apple products, including the [[Engineering:IPhone|iPhone]], [[Engineering:Macintosh|Macintosh]] and [[Engineering:IPod|iPod]]. Apple countersued by filing a complaint with the ITC in January 2010.<ref name="Nokia-Apple" />

In June 2011, Apple settled with Nokia and agreed to an estimated one time payment of $600 million and royalties to Nokia.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.informationweek.com/news/personal-tech/smart-phones/230600172|title=Nokia's Patent Settlement With Apple Won't Help Much|date=14 June 2011 |access-date=29 June 2011}}</ref> The two companies also agreed on a cross-licensing patents for some of their patented technologies.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/14/apple-nokia-patent-lawsuit-settlement_n_876499.html|title=Apple Settles With Nokia in Patent Lawsuit|date=14 June 2011|work=The Huffington Post|access-date=29 June 2011|first=Catharine|last=Smith}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-14/nokia-apple-payments-to-nokia-settle-all-litigation.html|title=Nokia Wins Apple Patent-License Deal Cash, Settles Lawsuits|date=14 June 2011|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.|access-date=29 June 2011|first1=Diana|last1=ben-Aaron|first2=Kati|last2=Pohjanpalo}}</ref>

=== Alleged tax evasion in India ===
Nokia's Indian subsidiary was charged in January 2013 with non-payment of Indian Tax Deducted at Source and transgressing [[Finance:Transfer pricing|transfer pricing]] norms in India.<ref>{{cite news|title=Income Tax department asks Nokia to pay Rs 13,000 crore|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/hardware/Income-Tax-department-asks-Nokia-to-pay-Rs-13000-crore/articleshow/18268748.cms|newspaper=Economic Times|access-date=31 January 2013|date=31 January 2013}}<br />{{cite news|title=Nokia tax case: IT officials grill Price Waterhouse|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/info-tech/nokia-tax-case-it-officials-grill-price-waterhouse/article4312124.ece|newspaper=Business Line|access-date=31 January 2013|author=T. E. Raja Simhan|location=Chennai|date=16 January 2013}}</ref> The unpaid TDS of {{Indian Rupee|link=Indian rupee}}30&nbsp;billion, accrued during a course of six years, was due to royalty paid by the Indian subsidiary to its parent company.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nokia suspected of flouting transfer pricing rules too|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/info-tech/nokia-suspected-of-flouting-transfer-pricing-rules-too/article4360530.ece|newspaper=Business Line|access-date=31 January 2013}}</ref>

=== Nokia 7 Plus data breach ===
In March 2019, news broke that the company's [[Engineering:Nokia 7 Plus|Nokia 7 Plus]] phones were allegedly sending personal user data to {{wipe|China}} over several months. According to investigators, the gadget sent unencrypted data packages including geographical location, [[SIM card]] number, and the phone's serial number to an unidentified Chinese server every time that "the phone was turned on, the screen activated or unlocked."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Norske telefoner sendte personopplysninger til Kina|url=https://nrkbeta.no/2019/03/21/norske-telefoner-sendte-personopplysninger-til-kina/|access-date=2020-09-18|website=NRKbeta|date=21 March 2019 }}</ref> The data was sufficient to follow the movements and actions of the phone in real time.<ref name=":1" />

Nokia brand owner [[Company:HMD Global|HMD Global]] denied any such transfers had taken place, stating that it was instead the result of an error in the packing process of the phone's software.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranosa|first=Ted|date=2019-03-25|title=Nokia Says It Mistakenly Collected And Sent User Data To China|url=https://www.techtimes.com/articles/240231/20190325/nokia-says-it-mistakenly-collected-and-sent-user-data-to-china.htm|access-date=2020-09-18|website=Tech Times|language=en}}</ref> The Finnish Office of the Data Protection Ombudsman launched an investigation into the matter on the assumption "that personal data has been transferred."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Finland investigating Nokia for alleged GDPR violations|url=https://www.techspot.com/news/79308-finland-investigating-nokia-alleged-gdpr-violations.html|access-date=2020-09-18|website=TechSpot|date=21 March 2019 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Xinjiang region ===
In 2020, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute accused at least 82 major brands, including Nokia, of being connected to forced Uyghur labor in [[Place:Xinjiang|Xinjiang]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aspi.org.au/report/uyghurs-sale |title=Uyghurs for Sale |last1=Xu |first1=Vicky Xiuzhong |last2=Cave |first2=Danielle |last3=Leibold |first3=James |last4=Munro |first4=Kelsey |last5=Ruser |first5=Nathan |publisher=Australian Strategic Policy Institute |date=1 March 2020 |access-date=21 March 2022}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Company:Nokia Networks|Nokia Networks]]
* Nokia – a town in Pirkanmaa, {{wipe|Finland}}
* Nokia Arena
* Nokian Tyres
* History of Nokia
* [[Company:Jolla|Jolla]] – a company started by former Nokia employees which develops Linux [[Software:Sailfish OS|Sailfish OS]], a continuation of Linux [[Software:MeeGo|MeeGo]] OS
* [[Company:Twig Com|Twig Com]] – originally Benefon, formerly a mobile phone manufacturer started by former Nokia people, now a maker of personal safety and GPS tracking products
* [[Company:Microsoft Mobile|Microsoft Mobile]] – the rebranding of Nokia's Device and Services division after its acquisition by Microsoft
* [[Company:HMD Global|HMD Global]] – the post-Microsoft continuation of [[Software:Android (operating system)|Android]]-based Nokia devices

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Further reading ==
* Lamberg, Juha-Antti, et al. "The curse of agility: The Nokia Corporation and the loss of market dominance in mobile phones, 2003–2013." ''Business History'' 63.4 (2021): 574-605. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00076791.2019.1593964?needAccess=true&role=button online]
* {{Cite book|title=The Decline and Fall of Nokia|author=David J. Cord|publisher=Schildts & Söderströms|date=April 2014|isbn=978-951-52-3320-2}}
* {{Cite book
 | title     = Ringtone: Exploring the Rise and Fall of Nokia in Mobile Phones
 | author1   = Yves Doz
 | author2   = Keeley Wilson
 | publisher = [[Organization:Oxford University Press|Oxford University Press]]
 | date      = November 2017
 | isbn      = 978-0-19-877719-9
}}
* {{Cite book
 | title     = Nokia: The Inside Story
 | author    = Martti Häikiö
 | publisher = [[Social:Financial Times|FT]] / Prentice Hall
 | date      = October 2002
 | isbn      = 0-273-65983-9
}}
* {{Cite book
 | title     = Work Goes Mobile: Nokia's Lessons from the Leading Edge
 | author1   = Michael Lattanzi
 | author2   = Antti Korhonen
 | author3   = Vishy Gopalakrishnan
 | publisher = {{wipe|John Wiley & Sons}}
 | date      = January 2006
 | isbn      = 0-470-02752-5
}}
* {{Cite book
 | title     = Mobile Usability: How Nokia Changed the Face of the Mobile Phone
 | author1   = Christian Lindholm
 | author2   = Turkka Keinonen
 | author3   = Harri Kiljander
 | publisher = McGraw-Hill Companies
 | date      = June 2003
 | isbn      = 0-07-138514-2
}}
* {{Cite book
 | title     = Business The Nokia Way: Secrets of the World's Fastest Moving Company
 | author    = Trevor Merriden
 | publisher = {{wipe|John Wiley & Sons}}
 | date      = February 2001
 | isbn      = 1-84112-104-5
}}
* {{Cite book
 | title     = The Nokia Revolution: The Story of an Extraordinary Company That Transformed an Industry
 | author    = Dan Steinbock
 | publisher = AMACOM Books
 | date      = April 2001
 | isbn      = 0-8144-0636-X
}}
* {{Cite book
 | title     = Winning Across Global Markets: How Nokia Creates Strategic Advantage in a Fast-Changing World
 | author    = Dan Steinbock
 | publisher = {{wipe|John Wiley & Sons}}
 | date      = May 2010
 | isbn      = 978-0-470-33966-4
}}
* {{Cite book
 | title     = Transforming NOKIA: The Power of Paranoid Optimism to Lead Through Colossal Change
 | author    = Risto Siilasmaa
 | publisher = McGraw Hill Professional
 | date      = October 2018
 | isbn      = 978-1-260-12873-4
}}

== External links ==
* {{Finance links
| symbol = NOK
| sec_cik = NOK
| google = NYSE:NOK
| yahoo = NOK
| bloomberg = NOK:US
| reuters = NOK
| nasdaq = NOK
}}

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{{Sourceattribution|Nokia}}