View source for Company:Novartis

{{short description|Swiss-American multinational pharmaceutical corporation}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Novartis AG
| logo = Novartis-Logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| image = Novartis K25 Basel.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = Headquarters in [[Place:Basel|Basel]]
| type = [[Finance:Public company|Public]] (''[[Finance:Aktiengesellschaft|Aktiengesellschaft]]'')
| traded_as = {{plainlist|
* {{SWX|NOVN}}
* {{NYSE|NVS}}
* SMI component
}}
| ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|CH0012005267}}
| founded = {{unbulleted list|{{start date and age|1996|3|df=yes}}|(from merger)}}
| founders = {{ubl|Johann Rudolf|Alexander Clavel}}
| hq_location = [[Place:Basel|Basel]], Switzerland ({{coord|47.5744252|7.5764914|type:landmark_region:CH-BS|display=title,inline}})
| predecessors = {{plain list|
* Ciba-Geigy
* Sandoz (via merger)
}}
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{unbulleted list|Vasant Narasimhan (CEO)|Jörg Reinhardt (chairman)}}
| industry = [[Medicine:Pharmaceutical industry|Pharmaceuticals]]
| products = [[Chemistry:Medication|Pharmaceutical drugs]], [[Social:Generic drug|generic drug]]s, [[Medicine:Over-the-counter drug|over-the-counter drug]]s, [[Biology:Vaccine|vaccine]]s, [[Medicine:Medical diagnosis|diagnostics]], [[Engineering:Contact lens|contact lens]]es, [[Medicine:Veterinary medicine|animal health]] (list...)
| revenue = {{decrease}} {{US$|50.545 billion|link=yes}}
| revenue_year = 2022
| operating_income = {{decrease}} {{US$|9.197 billion}}
| income_year = 2022
| net_income = {{decrease}} {{US$|6.955 billion}} 
| net_income_year = 2022
| assets = {{decrease}} {{US$|117.453 billion}} 
| assets_year = 2022
| equity = {{decrease}} {{US$|59.423 billion}} 
| equity_year = 2022
| num_employees = {{decrease}}  101,703 
| num_employees_year = 2022
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.novartis.com/}}
| footnotes =<ref name="Novartis">{{Cite web|url=https://www.novartis.com/research-development/research-locations|title=Research Locations|website=Novartis}}</ref><ref name="AP180419">{{Cite news |last=<!--no byline--> |date=19 April 2018 |title=Novartis 1Q profit jumps 12 percent as heart drug sales soar |work=The Seattle Times |agency=Associated Press |department=Business |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/novartis-1q-profit-jumps-12-percent-as-heart-drug-sales-soar/ |access-date=2018-04-20 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805203814/https://www.seattletimes.com/business/novartis-1q-profit-jumps-12-percent-as-heart-drug-sales-soar/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="FY">{{Cite web |title=Novartis Annual Report 2022 |url=https://www.novartis.com/sites/novartis_com/files/novartis-annual-report-2022.pdf|access-date=1 February 2023}}</ref>
}}

'''Novartis AG''' is a Swiss [[Finance:Multinational corporation|multinational]] pharmaceutical corporation based in [[Place:Basel|Basel]], Switzerland. Consistently ranked in the global top five, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the fourth largest by revenue in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Who are the top 10 pharmaceutical companies in the world (2022)? {{!}} Proclinical Blogs |url=https://www.proclinical.com/blogs/2022-6/who-are-the-top-10-pharma-companies-in-the-world-2022 |access-date=2023-07-11 |website=Proclinical |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.contractpharma.com/heaps/view/10305/1/|title=Top 25 Pharma & BioPharma in 2022 &#124; Contract Pharma|website=www.contractpharma.com}}</ref>

Novartis manufactures the drugs [[Chemistry:Clozapine|clozapine]] (Clozaril), [[Chemistry:Diclofenac|diclofenac]] (Voltaren; sold to [[Company:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]] in 2015 deal), [[Chemistry:Carbamazepine|carbamazepine]] (Tegretol), [[Chemistry:Valsartan|valsartan]] (Diovan), imatinib mesylate (Gleevec/Glivec), cyclosporine (Neoral/Sandimmune), [[Chemistry:Letrozole|letrozole]] (Femara), [[Chemistry:Methylphenidate|methylphenidate]] (Ritalin; production ceased 2020), [[Chemistry:Terbinafine|terbinafine]] (Lamisil), [[Chemistry:Deferasirox|deferasirox]] (Exjade), and others.

Novartis was formed in 1996 by the merger of Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Mendenhall |first=Mark E. |title=Mergers and Acquisitions: Managing Culture and Human Resources |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-8047-4661-3 |location=Stanford, CA |pages=380 |language=en}}</ref> It was considered the largest corporate merger in history during that time.<ref name=":4" /> The pharmaceutical and [[Chemistry:Agrochemical|agrochemical]] divisions of both companies formed Novartis as an independent entity. The name Novartis was based on the Latin terms, “novae artes” (new skills).<ref name=":4" />

After the merger, other Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz businesses were sold, or, like Ciba Specialty Chemicals, spun off as independent companies. The Sandoz brand disappeared for three years, but was revived in 2003 when Novartis consolidated its [[Social:Generic drug|generic drug]]s businesses into a single subsidiary and named it Sandoz. Novartis divested its agrochemical and [[Biology:Genetically modified crops|genetically modified crops]] business in 2000 with the spinout of [[Company:Syngenta|Syngenta]] in partnership with [[Company:AstraZeneca|AstraZeneca]], which also divested its agrochemical business. The new company also acquired a series of acquisitions in order to strengthen its core businesses.<ref name=":4" />

Novartis is a full member of the [[Organization:European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations|European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations]] (EFPIA),<ref>{{Cite news |title=The Pharmaceutical Industry in Figures - 2008 Edition |page=49 |publisher=European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) |format=PDF |url=http://www.efpia.eu/content/default.asp?PageID=559&DocID=4883 |url-status=dead |access-date=2008-08-25 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080916100937/http://www.efpia.eu/content/default.asp?PageID=559&DocID=4883 |archive-date=16 September 2008 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA),<ref>{{Cite web |title=IFPMA Member List |url=http://www.ifpma.org/about-ifpma/members/companies.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140207235721/http://www.ifpma.org/about-ifpma/members/companies.html |archive-date=7 February 2014 |access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref> and the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA).<ref>{{Cite web |title=404 |url=https://www.phrma.org/404 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006232747/http://www.phrma.org/about/member-companies |archive-date=6 October 2013 |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=www.phrma.org}}</ref> Novartis is the third most valuable pharmaceutical company in Europe, after [[Company:Novo Nordisk|Novo Nordisk]] and [[Company:Roche|Roche]].

==Corporate structure==
{{Pie chart
| caption= Shareholders of Novartis by country of origin as of December 31, 2022:<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-06-12 |title=Share Ownership |language=en |work=Novartis |url=https://www.novartis.com/investors/share-data-analysis/share-ownership |access-date=2023-06-12 |archive-date=30 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330223648/https://www.novartis.com/investors/share-data-analysis/share-ownership|url-status=live }}</ref> | label1 = Switzerland | value1 = 48.39 | color1 = red | label2 = United Kingdom | value2 = 23.68 | color2 = blue | label3 = United States | value3 = 21.29 | color3 = green | label4 = Other countries | value4 = 6.64 | color4 = yellow}}

Novartis AG is a publicly traded Swiss holding company that operates through the Novartis Group and owns, directly or indirectly, all companies worldwide that operate as subsidiaries of the Novartis Group.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=SEC 2010 |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1114448/000104746910000310/a2196017z20-f.htm |access-date=9 January 2020 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806011642/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1114448/000104746910000310/a2196017z20-f.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

Novartis's businesses are divided into two operating divisions: Innovative Medicines and Sandoz (generics).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Roland |first=Denise |title=Novartis Pharmaceuticals Head to Depart Amid Restructuring |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/novartis-to-split-pharmaceuticals-division-into-two-1463506092 |access-date=2020-01-09 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |date=17 May 2016 |language=en-US |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805221151/https://www.wsj.com/articles/novartis-to-split-pharmaceuticals-division-into-two-1463506092 |url-status=live }}</ref> The eye-care division [[Company:Alcon|Alcon]] was spun off into an independent company in April 2019.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-04-03 |title=Novartis's Alcon spinoff ousts Baer from Swiss benchmark SMI |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alcon-spinoff-novartis-idUSKCN1RF10X |access-date=2023-06-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcon to Officially Spin out From Novartis on April 9 |url=https://www.biospace.com/article/alcon-to-begin-trading-on-nyse-on-april-9/ |access-date=2020-01-09 |website=BioSpace |language=en-US |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806004648/https://www.biospace.com/article/alcon-to-begin-trading-on-nyse-on-april-9/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Novartis continues transformation into a leading medicines company with completion of the Alcon spin-off |url=https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-continues-transformation-leading-medicines-company-completion-alcon-spin |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=Novartis |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alcon Debuts as Independent, Publicly Traded Company |url=https://investor.alcon.com/news-and-events/press-releases/news-details/2019/Alcon-Debuts-as-Independent-Publicly-Traded-Company/default.aspx |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=investor.alcon.com |language=en-US}}</ref> In August 2022, Novartis announced plans to spin off Sandoz as part of restructuring. The spin-off was completed in October 2023.<ref name="spinoff-complete">{{Cite web |last1=Veyet |first1=Tristan |last2=Illien |first2=Noele |date=2023-10-04 |title=Novartis completes Sandoz spinoff |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/novartis-completes-sandoz-spinoff-2023-10-04/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Grover |first=Natalie |date=2022-08-25 |title=Novartis to spin off generics business Sandoz next year |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/novartis-spin-off-sandoz-list-it-zurich-2022-08-25/ |access-date=2023-06-12}}</ref><ref name=sandoz-ft>{{cite news |url=https://www.ft.com/content/00a14f97-fa94-4d0b-a17e-9d7e5b876f4b |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/00a14f97-fa94-4d0b-a17e-9d7e5b876f4b |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Novartis to spin off generic drugs unit Sandoz |date=25 August 2022 |work=[[Social:Financial Times|Financial Times]] |first1=Donato Paolo |last1=Mancini |first2=Oliver |last2=Telling}}</ref>

The Innovative Medicines business is made up of two commercial units: Innovative Medicines International and Innovative Medicines US.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keystone-SDA/jdp |date=2022-09-22 |title=Novartis sets sights on high-value medicines and US market |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/business/novartis-sets-sights-on-high-value-medicines-and-us-market/47920840 |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=SWI swissinfo.ch |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Innovative Medicines |url=https://www.novartis.com/about/innovative-medicines |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=Novartis |language=en}}</ref> The two business units combine the pharmaceutical and oncology divisions and commercially focus on global and US market respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-04 |title=Novartis restructures organisation to support growth and innovation |url=https://www.pmlive.com/pharma_news/novartis_restructures_organisation_to_support_growth_and_innovation_1389761 |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=PMLive |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JPM23: Novartis takes sweeping approach to 'US-first' mindset, exec says |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/novartis-takes-comprehensive-approach-us-first-mindset-us-chief-bulto}}</ref>

Novartis operates directly through subsidiaries, each of which fall under one of the divisions, and that Novartis categorizes as fulfilling one or more of the following functions: Holding/Finance, Sales, Production, and Research<ref name=":2" /><ref name="AR2012">{{Cite web |title=Novartis Annual Report 2012 |url=http://www.novartis.com/downloads/investors/reports/novartis-annual-report-2012-en.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130228120424/http://www.novartis.com/downloads/investors/reports/novartis-annual-report-2012-en.pdf |archive-date=2013-02-28 |access-date=6 February 2018 |website=Novartis}}</ref>{{rp|251–253}}

Novartis AG also held 33.3 percent of the shares of [[Company:Hoffmann-La Roche|Roche]] until 2022, however it did not exercise control over Roche.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novartis AG to Hold On to Its 33% Stake in Roche—For Now |url=https://www.biospace.com/article/novartis-ag-to-hold-on-to-its-33-percent-stake-in-roche-for-now-/ |access-date=2020-01-10 |website=BioSpace |language=en-US |archive-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101033841/https://www.biospace.com/article/novartis-ag-to-hold-on-to-its-33-percent-stake-in-roche-for-now-/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Novartis also has two significant license agreements with [[Company:Genentech|Genentech]], a Roche subsidiary.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Avastin vs Lucentis |url=https://www.beuc.eu/publications/beuc-x-2014-012_ipa_avastin_vs_lucentis-letter_to_v-p_almunia.pdf |access-date=29 January 2021 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806005225/https://www.beuc.eu/publications/beuc-x-2014-012_ipa_avastin_vs_lucentis-letter_to_v-p_almunia.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> One agreement is for Lucentis;<ref>{{Cite press release |last=AG |first=Novartis Pharma |date=2003-06-25 |title=Novartis Ophthalmics and Genentech announce development and commercialization agreement for age-related macular degeneration treatment, Lucentis(TM) |url=https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2003/06/25/1839492/0/en/Novartis-Ophthalmics-and-Genentech-announce-development-and-commercialization-agreement-for-age-related-macular-degeneration-treatment-Lucentis-TM.html |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=GlobeNewswire News Room |language=en}}</ref> the other is for Xolair.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Press release issued jointly by Genentech, Inc. and Tanox Inc. |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/318771/000119312506237338/dex991.htm |access-date=2023-06-12 |website=www.sec.gov}}</ref><ref name="AR2012" />{{rp|239}}

In 2014, Novartis established a center in [[Place:Hyderabad|Hyderabad]], India, in order to offshore several of its R&D, clinical development, medical writing and administrative functions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novartis slashing thousands more jobs in global reorganization, shifting many to India |url=http://www.fiercepharma.com/story/nzz-novartis-will-cut-or-move-4000-jobs-many-india/2014-02-02 |website=FiercePharma |date=2 February 2014 |access-date=4 February 2015 |archive-date=2 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802165715/https://www.fiercepharma.com/regulatory/novartis-slashing-thousands-more-jobs-global-reorganization-shifting-many-to-india |url-status=live }}</ref> The center supports the drug major's operations in the pharmaceuticals (Novartis), eye care (Alcon), and generic drugs segments (Sandoz).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Datta |first=P. T. Jyothi |date=2015-12-18 |title=Novartis consolidates global services operations at Hyderabad centre |work=The Hindu BusinessLine |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/novartis-consolidates-global-services-operations-at-hyderabad-centre/article8005067.ece |access-date=2020-02-06 |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108102041/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/novartis-consolidates-global-services-operations-at-hyderabad-centre/article8005067.ece |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Place in its market segments==
Novartis is the world's first largest in life sciences and agribusiness markets.<ref name=":4" /> It is also the second-largest pharmaceutical company by market cap in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2019 |title=Top 10 Pharma Companies of 2019 |url=https://www.genengnews.com/a-lists/top-10-pharma-companies-of-2019/ |access-date=29 January 2021 |archive-date=11 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111235919/https://www.genengnews.com/a-lists/top-10-pharma-companies-of-2019/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 
*Alcon: At the time Novartis bought Alcon, they had annual sales of $6.5&nbsp;billion and a net income of $2&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-12-15 |title=Novartis Snags Remaining 23% Stake in Alcon with $12.9B Cash and Share Deal {{!}} GEN - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News |language=en-US |work=GEN - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News |url=https://www.genengnews.com/news/novartis-snags-remaining-23-stake-in-alcon-with-12-9b-cash-and-share-deal/ |access-date=2020-01-14 |archive-date=13 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813183415/https://www.genengnews.com/news/novartis-snags-remaining-23-stake-in-alcon-with-12-9b-cash-and-share-deal/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2019, Novartis completed the spin-off of Alcon as a separate commercial entity.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Out From Under Novartis, Alcon Is Its Own Company Now |url=https://www.biospace.com/article/out-from-under-novartis-alcon-is-its-own-company-now/ |access-date=2019-04-10 |website=BioSpace |archive-date=23 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923232425/https://www.biospace.com/article/out-from-under-novartis-alcon-is-its-own-company-now |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Sandoz: {{As of|2013}}, Sandoz has been recognized as the world's second-largest generic drug company. Sandoz' biosimilars lead its field, getting the first biosimilar approvals in the EU.<ref>Reuters, 21 October 2010 [http://uk.reuters.com/article/novartis-biosimilars-idUKLDE69K10V20101021?pageNumber=1 Biosimilars take off at Novartis generics unit] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020160617/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2010/10/21/novartis-biosimilars-idUKLDE69K10V20101021?pageNumber=1 |date=20 October 2013 }}</ref><ref>Staff, Generics and Biosimilars Initiative, 9 November 2012 [http://www.gabionline.net/Biosimilars/Research/Sandoz-starts-phase-III-US-trial-for-biosimilar-epoetin-alfa Sandoz starts phase III US trial for biosimilar epoetin alfa] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020092834/http://www.gabionline.net/Biosimilars/Research/Sandoz-starts-phase-III-US-trial-for-biosimilar-epoetin-alfa |date=20 October 2013 }}</ref> In 2018, Sandoz reported US$9.9 billion in net sales.<ref>{{Cite web |title=20-F |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1114448/000137036819000002/a19013020f.htm |access-date=2019-03-11 |website=www.sec.gov |page=63 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805133940/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1114448/000137036819000002/a19013020f.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In August 2022, Novartis announced plans to spin off Sandoz by second half of 2023.<ref name=sandoz-ft />
*Vaccines and Diagnostics Division: In 2013, Novartis announced it was considering selling the vaccines and diagnostics division off.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Morse |first=Andrew |date=2013-11-11 |title=Novartis Sells Unit for $1.68 Billion |language=en-US |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/novartis-sells-unit-for-168-billion-1384154246 |access-date=2020-01-21 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805082947/https://www.wsj.com/articles/novartis-sells-unit-for-168-billion-1384154246 |url-status=live }}</ref> This sale was completed in late 2015, and the division was integrated into CSL's BioCSL operation, with the combined entity trading as Seqirus.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CSL completes Novartis influenza vaccine acquisition in Germany |url=https://www.seqirus.com/newsroom/CSL-completes-Novartis-influenza-vaccine-acquisition-Germany |access-date=2019-01-09 |website=www.seqirus.com |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805174801/https://www.seqirus.com/newsroom/CSL-completes-Novartis-influenza-vaccine-acquisition-Germany |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=GSK Pharma completes acquisition of Novartis Healthcare's vaccines business |date=30 September 2015 |url=https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/newsgsk-pharma-completes-acquisition-of-novartis-healthcares-vaccines-business-4683437/ |access-date=2020-01-21 |language=en-GB |archive-date=5 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105134713/https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/newsgsk-pharma-completes-acquisition-of-novartis-healthcares-vaccines-business-4683437/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2018, Novartis sold its consumer healthcare joint venture vaccines division to GlaxoSmithKline for US$13.0 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Glaxo (GSK) Buys Novartis' Stake in Consumer Healthcare JV |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/glaxo-gsk-buys-novartis-apos-131201109.html |access-date=2019-03-11 |website=finance.yahoo.com |date=28 March 2018 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805171101/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/glaxo-gsk-buys-novartis-apos-131201109.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
*Consumer: Novartis is not a leader in the over-the-counter or animal health segments; its leading OTC brands are Excedrin and [[Chemistry:Theraflu|Theraflu]], but sales have been slowed by problems at its key US manufacturing plant.<ref>Staff and wire reports for the Journal Star (LIncoln, Nebraska) 14 August 2013 [http://journalstar.com/ap/business/novartis-reviews-business-analyst-urges-selling-otc-unit/article_535693f2-0a29-5cef-9804-f4100c174f41.html Novartis reviews business; analyst urges selling OTC unit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424083534/https://journalstar.com/ap/business/novartis-reviews-business-analyst-urges-selling-otc-unit/article_535693f2-0a29-5cef-9804-f4100c174f41.html |date=24 April 2019 }}</ref>

In 2018, Novartis ranked second on the [[Medicine:Access to Medicine Index|Access to Medicine Index]],<ref>Staff, WHO. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141203135449/http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s19987en/s19987en.pdf Access to Medicine Index, 2012]</ref>{{rp|88}} which "ranks companies on how readily they make their products available to the world's poor."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novartis AG |url=https://accesstomedicinefoundation.org/access-to-medicine-index/report-cards/novartis-ag |access-date=2019-11-22 |website=Access to Medicine Foundation |archive-date=30 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130205024/https://accesstomedicinefoundation.org/access-to-medicine-index/report-cards/novartis-ag |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=McNeil |first=Donald G. Jr. |date=2010-06-28 |title=The Drug Industry: GlaxoSmithKline, Merck and Novartis Again Rank Highest on Access to Poor |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/29/health/29glob.html |access-date=2020-01-21 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=10 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910044539/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/29/health/29glob.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Finance ===
For the fiscal year 2022, Novartis reported earnings of US$6.955 billion, with an annual revenue of US 50.545 billion, an decrease of 71 percent over the previous fiscal cycle. Novartis shares traded at over $80.56 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at $198.34B as of January 31, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novartis Condensed financial report 2022 (PDF 0.5 MB) |url=https://www.novartis.com/news/novartis-2022-financial-results |website=Novartis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Novartis AG Market Cap 2010-2022 {{!}} NVS |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/NVS/novartis-ag/market-cap |access-date=2023-02-01 |website=www.macrotrends.net}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!Year
!Revenue<br />in mil. USD$
!Net income<br />in mil. USD$
!Price per Share<br />in USD$
!Employees
|-
|2005
|29,753
|6,130
|32.03
|
|-
|2006
|35,105
|7,175
|36.99
|
|-
|2007
|38,947
|11,946
|37.10
|
|-
|2008
|42,584
|8,195
|35.44
|
|-
|2009
|45,103
|8,400
|31.98
|
|-
|2010
|51,561
|9,794
|39.41
|
|-
|2011
|59,375
|8,940
|44.42
|
|-
|2012
|51,971
|9,270
|46.50
|
|-
|2013
|52,716
|9,175
|61.40
|135,696
|-
|2014
|53,634
|10,210
|76.50
|133,413
|-
|2015
|50,387
|17,783
|86.92
|122,966
|-
|2016
|49,436
|6,712
|71.10
|122,985
|-
|2017
|50,135
|7,703
|77.33
|126,457
|-
|2018
|46,099
|12,614
|91.13
|129,924
|-
|2019
|48,677
|11,732
|88.14
|103,914
|-
|2020
|49,898
|8,072
|84.38
|110,000
|-
|2021
|51,626
|24,018
|87.47
|110,000
|-
|2022
|50,545
|6,955
|80.56
|101,703
|}

==History==
Novartis was created in March 1996 from the merger of Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz Laboratories, both Swiss companies.
<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2013-09-20 |title=A history of Novartis - |url=https://pharmaphorum.com/articles/a-history-of-novartis/ |access-date=2020-01-21 |website=pharmaphorum.com |language=en-GB |archive-date=2 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202194219/https://pharmaphorum.com/articles/a-history-of-novartis |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Ciba-Geigy===
Ciba-Geigy was formed in 1970 by the merger of J. R. Geigy Ltd (founded in Basel in 1857) and CIBA (founded in Basel in 1859).<ref name=":3" />

Ciba began in 1859, when Alexander Clavel (1805–1873) took up the production of [[Chemistry:Fuchsine|fuchsine]] in his factory for [[Chemistry:Silk|silk]]-dyeing works in Basel. By 1873, he sold his dye factory to the company Bindschedler and Busch. In 1884, Bindschedler and Busch was transformed into a joint-stock company named "Gesellschaft für Chemische Industrie Basel" (Company for Chemical Industry Basel). The acronym, CIBA, was adopted as the company's name in 1945.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novartis AG {{!}} Swiss company |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Novartis-AG |access-date=2020-01-21 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027181457/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Novartis-AG |url-status=live }}</ref>

The foundation for Geigy was established in 1857, when Johann Rudolf Geigy-Merian (1830–1917) and Johann Muller-Pack acquired a site in Basel, where they built a dyewood mill and a dye extraction plant. Two years later, they began the production of synthetic fuchsine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=J R Geigy SA &#124; Science Museum Group Collection |url=https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/people/cp42177/j-r-geigy-sa |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805170831/https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/people/cp42177/j-r-geigy-sa |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1901, they formed the [[Company:Public limited company|public limited company]] Geigy, and the name of the company was changed to J. R. Geigy Ltd in 1914.<ref>{{Cite web |title=J. R. Geigy Soc. An. &#124; Science Museum Group Collection |url=https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/people/ap14530/j-r-geigy-soc-an |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805131110/https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/people/ap14530/j-r-geigy-soc-an |url-status=live }}</ref>

CIBA and Geigy merged in 1970 to form Ciba‑Geigy Ltd. {{IPAc-en|ˌ|s|iː|b|ə|_|ˈ|g|aɪ|g|i|}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ciba-Geigy AG {{!}} Swiss pharmaceutical company |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ciba-Geigy-AG |access-date=2020-01-21 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=10 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010212902/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ciba-Geigy-AG |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Mid-1990s controversy===
In the mid-1990s, state and federal health and environmental agencies identified an increased incidence of childhood cancers in Toms River, New Jersey, from the 1970–1995 period. Multiple investigations by state and federal environmental and health agencies indicated that the likely source of the increased cancer risk was contamination from Toms River Chemical Plant (then operated by Ciba-Geigy), which had been in operation since 1952, and the Reich Farm/Union Carbide.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Belton |first=Thomas J. |title=Protecting New Jersey's Environment: From Cancer Alley to the New Garden State |date=2011 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-4887-6 |pages=21–22 |language=en}}</ref> The area was designated a United States Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site in 1983 after an underground plume of toxic chemicals was identified. The following year, a discharge pipe was shut down after a sinkhole at the corner of Bay Avenue and Vaughn Avenue revealed that it had been leaking. The plant ceased operation in 1996. A follow-up study from the 1996–2000 period indicated that while there were more cancer cases than expected, rates had significantly fallen and the difference was statistically insignificant compared to normal statewide cancer rates. Since 1996, the Toms River water system has been subject to the most stringent water testing in New Jersey and is considered safe for consumption. Dan Fagin's ''Toms River: A Story of Science and Salvation'', the 2014 Pulitzer Prize winning book, examined the issue of industrial pollution at the site in detail.

===Sandoz===
[[File:Sandoz-Logo.svg|thumb|right|The Sandoz brand exists today as a subsidiary of Novartis.]]
Sandoz is the [[Social:Generic drug|generic drug]]s division of Novartis. Before the 1996 merger with Ciba-Geigy to form Novartis, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals (Sandoz AG) was a [[Chemistry:Pharmaceutical|pharmaceutical]] company headquartered in [[Place:Basel|Basel]], Switzerland (as was Ciba-Geigy), and was best known for developing drugs such as Sandimmune for [[Medicine:Organ transplantation|organ transplantation]], the [[Chemistry:Antipsychotic|antipsychotic]] Clozaril, Mellaril Tablets and Serentil Tablets for treating psychiatric disorders, and Cafergot Tablets and Torecan Suppositories for treating migraine headaches.

The ''Chemiefirma Kern und Sandoz'' ("Kern and Sandoz Chemistry Firm") was founded in 1886 by Alfred Kern (1850–1893) and Edouard Sandoz (1853–1928). The first dyes manufactured by them were [[Chemistry:Alizarin|alizarin]]blue and auramine. After Kern's death, the partnership became the corporation ''Chemische Fabrik vormals Sandoz'' in 1895. The company began producing the fever-reducing drug antipyrin in the same year. In 1899, the company began producing the sugar substitute [[Chemistry:Saccharin|saccharin]]. Further pharmaceutical research began in 1917 under Arthur Stoll (1887–1971), who is the founder of Sandoz's pharmaceutical department in 1917.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-12-15 |title=Company history |url=http://www.novartis.com/about-novartis/company-history/index.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230203847/http://www.novartis.com/about-novartis/company-history/index.shtml |archive-date=30 December 2010 |access-date=2012-01-16 |publisher=Novartis.com |df=dmy}}</ref> In 1918, Arthur Stoll isolated [[Chemistry:Ergotamine|ergotamine]] from [[Biology:Ergot|ergot]]; the substance was eventually used to treat migraine and headaches and was introduced under the trade name Gynergen in 1921.

Between the World Wars, Gynergen (1921) and Calcium-Sandoz (1929) were brought to market. Sandoz also produced chemicals for textiles, paper, and leather, beginning in 1929. In 1939, the company began producing agricultural chemicals.

The [[Chemistry:Psychedelic drug|psychedelic]] effects of [[Chemistry:Lysergic acid diethylamide|lysergic acid diethylamide]] (LSD) were discovered at the Sandoz laboratories in 1943 by Arthur Stoll and Albert Hofmann.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Albert Hofmann, 102, Invented LSD - The New York Sun |url=http://www.nysun.com/obituaries/albert-hofmann-102-invented-lsd/75591/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020203430/http://www.nysun.com/obituaries/albert-hofmann-102-invented-lsd/75591/ |archive-date=2013-10-20 |access-date=2013-10-23 |publisher=Nysun.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patent US2438259 - D-lysergic acid diethyl amide |url=https://www.google.com/patents/US2438259 |website=google.com |access-date=11 November 2016 |archive-date=9 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609005436/http://www.google.com/patents/US2438259 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sandoz began clinical trials and marketed the substance, from 1947 through the mid-1960s, under the name ''Delysid'' as a [[Biology:Psychiatry|psychiatric]] drug, thought useful for treating a wide variety of [[Medicine:Mental disorder|mental ailments]], ranging from [[Medicine:Alcoholism|alcoholism]] to sexual deviancy. Sandoz suggested in its marketing literature that psychiatrists take LSD themselves,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Albert Hofmann: LSD - My Problem Child: Use of LSD in Psychiatry |url=http://www.flashback.se/archive/my_problem_child/chapter4.html#2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060707201805/http://www.flashback.se/archive/my_problem_child/chapter4.html |archive-date=2006-07-07 |access-date=2012-01-16 |publisher=Flashback.se}}</ref> to gain a better subjective understanding of the [[Medicine:Schizophrenia|schizophrenic]] experience, and many did exactly that and so did other scientific researchers. The Sandoz product received mass publicity as early as 1954, in a Time Magazine feature.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 June 1954 |title=Medicine: Dream Stuff |magazine=Time |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,860898,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827000524/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C860898%2C00.html |archive-date=27 August 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Research on LSD peaked in the 1950s and early 1960s. The CIA purchased quantities of LSD from Sandoz for use in its illegal human experimentation program known as [[Social:MKUltra|MKUltra]].<ref>{{cite web |title=CIA considered big LSD purchase |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1976/08/05/archives/cia-considered-big-lsd-purchase-agency-data-disclose-1953-idea-to.html |website=The New York Times |access-date=25 May 2022 |date=5 August 1976}}</ref> Sandoz withdrew the drug from the market in 1965. The drug became a cultural novelty of the 1960s after psychologist [[Biography:Timothy Leary|Timothy Leary]] at [[Organization:Harvard University|Harvard University]] began to promote its use for recreational and spiritual experiences among the general public.

Sandoz opened its first foreign offices in 1964. In 1967, Sandoz merged with Wander AG (known for Ovomaltine and Isostar). Sandoz acquired the companies Delmark, Wasabröd (a Swedish manufacturer of crisp bread), and Gerber Products Company (a baby food company). On 1 November 1986, a fire broke out in a production plant storage room, which led to the [[Chemistry:Sandoz chemical spill|Sandoz chemical spill]] and a large amount of [[Biology:Pesticide|pesticide]] being released into the upper [[Place:Rhine|Rhine]] river. This exposure killed many fish and other aquatic life. In 1995, Sandoz spun off its specialty chemicals business to form Clariant. In 1997, Clariant merged with the specialty chemicals business that was spun off from Hoechst AG in Germany.<ref>Anna Bálint: ''Clariant clareant. The beginnings of a specialty chemicals company'', Campus Verlag, Frankfurt am Main/New York 2012, {{ISBN|978-3-593-39374-2}}.</ref>

===Merger===
In 1996, Ciba-Geigy merged with Sandoz, with the pharmaceutical and agrochemical divisions of both staying together to form Novartis. Other Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz businesses were spun off as independent companies.<ref>Magnus Grimond for The Independent. 8 March 1996 [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/cibageigy-and-sandoz-to-merge-into-pounds-40bn-giant-1340926.html Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz to merge into pounds 40bn giant] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214142849/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/cibageigy-and-sandoz-to-merge-into-pounds-40bn-giant-1340926.html |date=14 December 2013 }}</ref><ref name="NYTmerger">Glenn Collins for ''The New York Times''. 7 March 1996 [https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/07/us/2-swiss-drug-giants-in-a-surprise-merger-to-be-2d-in-world.html 2 Swiss Drug Giants In a Surprise Merger To Be 2d in World] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208175108/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/07/us/2-swiss-drug-giants-in-a-surprise-merger-to-be-2d-in-world.html |date=8 December 2020 }}</ref> notably Ciba Specialty Chemicals.<ref name=NYTmerger/><ref name="Fisher">Lawrence M. Fisher for strategy + business. 1 April 1998 [http://www.strategy-business.com/article/16383?gko=28081 Post-Merger Integration: How Novartis Became No. 1] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520232224/http://www.strategy-business.com/article/16383?gko=28081 |date=20 May 2013 }}</ref> Sandoz's Master Builders Technologies, a producer of chemicals for the construction industry, was sold off to SKW Trostberg A.G., a subsidiary of the German energy company VIAG, while its North American corn herbicide business became part of the German chemical maker BASF.<ref name=Fisher/>

===Post-merger===
[[File:Novartis.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Suffern, New York: one of the Novartis pharmaceutical production facilities in the United States]]
[[File:Novartis Hyderabad office.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Novartis India headquarters in HITEC City, Hyderabad]]
In 1998, the company entered into a [[Engineering:Biotechnology|biotechnology]] licensing agreement with the University of California at Berkeley Department of Plant and Microbial [[Biology:Biology|Biology]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Macilwain |first=Colin |date=1998-11-01 |title=Berkeley teams up with Novartis in $50m plant genomics deal |journal=Nature |volume=396 |issue=6706 |pages=5 |bibcode=1998Natur.396....5M |doi=10.1038/23772 |issn=1476-4687 |pmid=9817194 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Critics of the agreement expressed concern over prospects that the agreement would diminish academic objectivity, or lead to the commercialization of genetically modified plants.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dalton |first=Rex |date=1999-05-01 |title=Berkeley dispute festers over biotech deal |journal=Nature |volume=399 |issue=6731 |pages=5 |bibcode=1999Natur.399....5D |doi=10.1038/19807 |issn=1476-4687 |pmid=10331373 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The agreement expired in 2003.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dalton |first=Rex |date=2003-11-01 |title=Syngenta ends plant-research deal with Berkeley |journal=Nature |volume=426 |issue=6964 |pages=216 |bibcode=2003Natur.426..216D |doi=10.1038/426216a |issn=1476-4687 |pmid=14628007 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

====2000–2010====
In 2000, Novartis and [[Company:AstraZeneca|AstraZeneca]] combined their agrobusiness divisions to create a new company, [[Company:Syngenta|Syngenta]].<ref>Andrew Ross Sorkin for ''The New York Times''. 3 December 1999 [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/03/business/international-business-astrazeneca-and-novartis-to-shed-agricultural-units.html AstraZeneca and Novartis To Shed Agricultural Units] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911170404/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/03/business/international-business-astrazeneca-and-novartis-to-shed-agricultural-units.html |date=11 September 2020 }} Accessed 27 May 2013</ref><ref>Staff, PRNewsWire. 13 November 2000. [http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Syngenta+Begins+Trading+on+the+New+York+Stock+Exchange.-a066871612 Syngenta Begins Trading on the New York Stock Exchange] Accessed 27 May 2013 {{dead link|date=August 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

In 2003, Novartis organized all its generics businesses into one division, and merged some of its subsidiaries into one company, reusing the predecessor brand name of Sandoz.<ref>Press Release, Novartis. 21 January 2003 [http://globenewswire.com/news-release/2003/01/21/293429/35737/en/Novartis-to-Unite-Its-Generics-Businesses-Under-One-Single-Global-Brand-Sandoz.html Novartis to Unite Its Generics Businesses Under One Single Global Brand: Sandoz] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017170402/http://globenewswire.com/news-release/2003/01/21/293429/35737/en/Novartis-to-Unite-Its-Generics-Businesses-Under-One-Single-Global-Brand-Sandoz.html |date=17 October 2013 }}</ref>

In 2005, Novartis expanded its subsidiary Sandoz significantly through the US$8.29&nbsp;billion acquisition of Hexal, one of Germany's leading [[Social:Generic drug|generic drug]] companies, and Eon Labs, a fast-growing United States generic pharmaceutical company.<ref>Emily Church for MarketWatch 21 February 2005 [http://www.marketwatch.com/story/novartis-buys-hexal-eon-labs-generics-for-829-bln Novartis in $8.29 billion generics deals: to buy Hexal and its US division Eon Labs] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020161518/http://www.marketwatch.com/story/novartis-buys-hexal-eon-labs-generics-for-829-bln |date=20 October 2013 }}</ref>

In 2006, Novartis acquired the California-based [[Company:Chiron Corporation|Chiron Corporation]]. Chiron had been divided into three units: Chiron Vaccines, Chiron Blood Testing, and Chiron BioPharmaceuticals. The biopharmaceutical unit was integrated into Novartis Pharmaceuticals, while the vaccines and blood testing units were made into a new Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics division.<ref>Novartis press release. 19 April 2006 [http://cws.huginonline.com/N/134323/PR/200604/1045686_5_2.html Novartis acquisition of Chiron approved by Chiron shareholders] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020204542/http://cws.huginonline.com/N/134323/PR/200604/1045686_5_2.html |date=20 October 2013 }}</ref> Also in 2006, Sandoz became the first company to have a [[Biology:Biosimilar|biosimilar]] drug approved in Europe with its recombinant human growth hormone drug.<ref>Staff, Biosimilars News. 15 August 2011 [http://www.biosimilarnews.com/biosimilars-approved-in-europe Biosimilars approved in Europe] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020153643/http://www.biosimilarnews.com/biosimilars-approved-in-europe |date=20 October 2013 }}</ref>

In 2007, Novartis sold the Gerber Products Company to Nestlé as part of its continuing effort to shed old Sandoz and Ciba-Geigy businesses and focus on healthcare.<ref>Andrew Martin and Andrew Ross Sorkin for ''The New York Times''. 13 April 2007 [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/13/business/worldbusiness/13gerber-web.html?_r=0 Nestlé Agrees to Buy Gerber From Novartis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123221918/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/13/business/worldbusiness/13gerber-web.html?_r=0 |date=23 November 2020 }}</ref>

In 2009, Novartis reached an agreement to acquire an 85 percent stake in the Chinese vaccines company Zhejiang Tianyuan Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. as part of a strategic initiative to build a vaccines industry leader in this country and expand the group's limited presence in this fast-growing market segment. This proposed acquisition will require government and regulatory approvals in China.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merck Provides Update on Status of Supplemental Biologics License Applications (sBLA) for GARDASIL® |url=https://www.worldpharmanews.com/content/view/1011/1/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113131854/http://www.worldpharmanews.com/content/view/1011/1/ |archive-date=13 November 2009 |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=www.worldpharmanews.com}}</ref>

In 2010, Novartis offered to pay US$39.3&nbsp;billion to fully acquire [[Company:Alcon|Alcon]], the world's largest eye-care company, including a majority stake held by Nestlé. Novartis had bought 25 percent of Alcon in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Thomasson |first=Emma |date=4 January 2010 |title=Novartis seeks to buy rest of Alcon for $39 billion |work={{wipe|Reuters}} |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-alcon-idUSTRE6030RK20100104 |url-status=live |access-date=2010-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020151234/https://www.reuters.com/article/2010/01/04/us-alcon-idUSTRE6030RK20100104 |archive-date=2013-10-20}}</ref> Novartis created a new division and called it Alcon, under which it placed its CIBA VISION subsidiary and Novartis Ophthalmics, which became the second-largest division of Novartis.<ref>Novartis Press Release. 8 April 2011 [http://www.novartis.com/newsroom/feature-stories/2011/04/stronger-together-1.shtml Stronger together: Novartis and Alcon creating the global leader in eye care] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020094845/http://www.novartis.com/newsroom/feature-stories/2011/04/stronger-together-1.shtml |date=20 October 2013 }}</ref> The total cost for Alcon amounted to $60 billion.
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Can Novartis' CEO resist going for a megamerger with cash from asset sales? - FiercePharma |url=http://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/can-novartis-ceo-resist-going-for-a-megamerger-cash-from-asset-sales |access-date=6 February 2018 |website=www.fiercepharma.com |date=30 May 2017 |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030110205/https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/can-novartis-ceo-resist-going-for-a-megamerger-cash-from-asset-sales |url-status=live }}</ref>

====2011–present====
In 2011, Novartis acquired the medical laboratory diagnostics company Genoptix to "serve as a strong foundation for our (Novartis') individualized treatment programs".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maclucas |first=Neil |date=2011-01-24 |title=Novartis to Buy Genoptix for $470 Million |work=The Wall Street Journal |department=Health |url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748703555804576101840588962926 |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110013007/http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052748703555804576101840588962926 |archive-date=2014-01-10}}</ref>

In 2012, the Company cut ~2000 positions in the United States, primarily in sales, in response to anticipated revenue downturns from the [[Medicine:Hypertension|hypertension]] drug Diovan, which was losing patent protection, and the realization that the anticipated successor to Diovan, Rasilez, was failing in clinical trials.<ref name="APjp2012">{{Citation |title=Novartis to cut almost 2,000 US jobs this year |date=13 January 2012 |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/13/novartis-cut-almost-2000-us-jobs-year.html |work=The Jakarta Post |df=dmy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525125459/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/01/13/novartis-cut-almost-2000-us-jobs-year.html |at=jakartapost.com |access-date=2012-01-15 |archive-date=25 May 2013 |agency=Associated Press |url-status=dead}}</ref> The 2012 personnel reductions follow ~2000 cut positions in Switzerland and the United States in 2011, ~1400 cut positions in the United States in 2010, and a reduction of "thousands" and several site closures in previous years.<ref>{{Citation |last=Reid |first=Katie |title=Novartis cuts 2,000 U.S. jobs after drug setback |date=13 January 2012 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-idUSTRE80C0EB20120113 |df=dmy |editor-last=Hans-Juergen Peters and Mike Nesbit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110063025/https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/13/us-novartis-idUSTRE80C0EB20120113 |at=reuters.com |publisher=Reuters |access-date=2012-01-15 |archive-date=10 January 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Also in 2012, Novartis became the biggest manufacturer of generic skin care medicine, after agreeing to buy Fougera Pharmaceuticals for $1.525&nbsp;billion in cash.<ref>{{Cite news |last=De la Merced |first=Michael J. |date=2 May 2012 |title=Novartis to Buy Fougera Pharmaceuticals for $1.5 Billion |work=The New York Times |department=DealB%k |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/05/02/novartis-to-buy-fougera-pharmaceuticals-for-1-5-billion/ |url-access=limited |access-date=25 Jan 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805180307/https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/05/02/novartis-to-buy-fougera-pharmaceuticals-for-1-5-billion/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2013, the Indian Supreme Court issued a decision rejecting Novartis' patent application in India on the final form of Gleevec, Novartis's cancer drug; the case caused great controversy.<ref name="NYTimesIndiaDecision">{{Cite news |last1=Harris |first1=Gardiner |last2=Thomas |first2=Katie |date=2013-04-01 |title=Top Court in India Rejects Novartis Drug Patent |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/02/business/global/top-court-in-india-rejects-novartis-drug-patent.html?hp |url-access=registration |access-date=2013-04-01 |archive-date=30 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530130724/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/02/business/global/top-court-in-india-rejects-novartis-drug-patent.html?hp |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2013, Novartis was sued again by the US government, this time for allegedly bribing doctors for a decade so that their patients are steered towards the company's drugs.<ref>{{Cite news |title=US sues Novartis again, says it bribed doctors for patents |work=Indian Express |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/us-sues-novartis-again-says-it-bribed-doctors-for-patents/1108452/ |url-status=live |access-date=2013-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601025459/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/us-sues-novartis-again-says-it-bribed-doctors-for-patents/1108452 |archive-date=2013-06-01 }} Note: Link provides access to first of two pages; [http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/us-sues-novartis-again-says-it-bribed-doctors-for-patents/1108452/2 second page is here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423223256/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/us-sues-novartis-again-says-it-bribed-doctors-for-patents/1108452/2 |date=23 April 2020 }}.</ref>

In January 2014, Novartis announced plans to cut 500 jobs from its pharmaceuticals division.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staton |first=Tracy |date=2014-01-21 |title=Novartis to cut 500 Swiss pharma jobs, then staff up in OTC, generics |url=http://www.fiercepharma.com/story/novartis-cut-500-swiss-pharma-jobs-then-staff-otc-generics/2014-01-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140326211920/http://www.fiercepharma.com/story/novartis-cut-500-swiss-pharma-jobs-then-staff-otc-generics/2014-01-21 |archive-date=2014-03-26 |access-date=2014-02-19 |website=FiercePharma |publisher=Questex}}</ref> In February 2014, Novartis announced that it acquired CoStim Pharmaceuticals.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Johnson |first=Michael |date=18 January 2014 |title=Novartis acquires CoStim Pharmaceuticals |work=Drug Store News |publisher=Lebhar-Friedman |url=http://www.drugstorenews.com/article/novartis-acquires-costim-pharmaceuticals |url-status=dead |access-date=2014-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140225004657/http://www.drugstorenews.com/article/novartis-acquires-costim-pharmaceuticals |archive-date=2014-02-25}}</ref>

In May 2014, Novartis purchased the rights to market Ophthotech's Fovista (an anti-PDGF [[Biology:Aptamer|aptamer]], also being investigated for use in combination with anti-VEGF treatments) outside the U.S. for up to $1&nbsp;billion.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=15 June 2014 |title=Novartis Buys Ex-U.S. Rights to Ophthotech's Fovista for Up to $1B |volume=34 |page=8 |work=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert |issue=12 |department=News {{!}} Industry Watch |type=Paper |url=https://www.genengnews.com/news/novartis-buys-ex-u-s-rights-to-ophthotechs-fovista-for-up-to-1b/ |access-date=25 Jan 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805081544/https://www.genengnews.com/news/novartis-buys-ex-u-s-rights-to-ophthotechs-fovista-for-up-to-1b/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Novartis acquired exclusive rights to market the eye drug outside of the states while retaining U.S. marketing rights. The company agreed to pay Ophthotech $200&nbsp;million upfront, and $130&nbsp;million in milestone payments relating to Phase III trials.<ref name=":0" /> Ophthotech is also eligible to receive up to $300&nbsp;million dependent upon future marketing approval milestones outside of America and up to $400&nbsp;million relating to sales milestones.<ref name=":0" /> In September 2014, Ophthotech received its first $50&nbsp;million phase III trial milestone payment from Novartis.<ref name="genengnews2">{{Cite news |date=8 September 2014 |title=Ophthotech Pockets $50M Milestone from Novartis for AMD Treatment |work=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert |department=GEN News Highlights |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/ophthotech-pockets-50m-milestone-from-novartis-for-amd-treatment/81250318/ |access-date=2014-09-14 |archive-date=11 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511013214/https://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/ophthotech-pockets-50m-milestone-from-novartis-for-amd-treatment/81250318/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 2014, Novartis announced that it would acquire [[Company:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]]'s cancer drug business for $16&nbsp;billion as well as selling its vaccines business to GlaxoSmithKline for $7.1&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BBC |date=2014-04-22 |title=Novartis and GSK exchange assets |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-27107416 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429100114/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-27107416 |archive-date=2014-04-29 |access-date=2014-04-22 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> In August 2014 ''Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News'' reported that Novartis had acquired a 15 percent stake in Gamida Cell for $35&nbsp;million, with the option to purchase the whole company for approximately $165&nbsp;million.<ref name="genengnews3">{{Cite web |date=19 August 2014 |title=Novartis Takes Stake in Gamida with Option to Fully Buy |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-takes-stake-in-gamida-with-option-to-fully-buy/81250250/ |access-date=25 Jan 2020 |website=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert |archive-date=11 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511013357/https://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-takes-stake-in-gamida-with-option-to-fully-buy/81250250/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2014, Novartis announced its intention to sell its influenza vaccine business (inclusive of its development pipeline), subject to regulatory approval, to CSL for $275 million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 October 2014 |title=Novartis Selling Flu Vaccine Business to CSL for $275M |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-selling-flu-vaccine-business-to-csl-for-275m/81250520/ |access-date=25 Jan 2020 |website=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert |archive-date=3 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903045653/https://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-selling-flu-vaccine-business-to-csl-for-275m/81250520/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In March 2015, the company announced BioPharma had completed its acquisition of two Phase III cancer-drug candidates; the MEK inhibitor [[Chemistry:Binimetinib|binimetinib]] (MEK 162) and the BRAF inhibitor [[Chemistry:Encorafenib|encorafenib]] (LGX818), for $85 million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2015 |title=Array BioPharma Completes Deal with Novartis for 2 Cancer Compounds |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/array-biopharma-gains-85m-from-novartis-in-deal-for-cancer-compounds/81250984/ |access-date=25 Jan 2020 |website=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert |archive-date=2 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702064723/http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/array-biopharma-gains-85m-from-novartis-in-deal-for-cancer-compounds/81250984 |url-status=live }}</ref> In addition, the company sold its RNAi portfolio to Arrowhead Research for $10 million and $25 million in stock.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=5 March 2015 |title=Novartis Sells RNAi R&D Portfolio to Arrowhead in $35M Agreement |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-sells-rnai-r-d-portfolio-to-arrowhead-in-35m-agreement/81251001/ |url-status=dead |department=GEN News Highlights |journal=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150409133757/https://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-sells-rnai-r-d-portfolio-to-arrowhead-in-35m-agreement/81251001/ |archive-date=9 April 2015 |access-date=8 June 2016}} ''Note: appears on page 10 of 1 April 2015 print issue.''</ref> In June, the company announced it would acquire Spinifex Pharmaceuticals for more than $200 million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 June 2015 |title=Novartis Acquires Spinifex for $200M+ |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-acquires-spinifex-for-200m/81251445/ |access-date=25 Jan 2020 |website=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054223/http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-acquires-spinifex-for-200m/81251445/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In August, the company acquired the remaining rights to the [[Biology:CD20|CD20]] monoclonal antibody [[Chemistry:Ofatumumab|Ofatumumab]] from [[Company:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]] for up to $1 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Helfand |first=Cindy |date=21 August 2015 |title=Novartis shells out up to $1B to test GSK's Arzerra in MS |url=http://www.fiercepharma.com/story/novartis-shells-out-1b-test-gsks-arzerra-ms/2015-08-21 |access-date=25 Jan 2020 |website=FiercePharma |publisher=Questex |archive-date=4 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404222422/http://www.fiercepharma.com/story/novartis-shells-out-1b-test-gsks-arzerra-ms/2015-08-21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 August 2015 |title=Novartis Acquires All Remaining Rights to GSK's Ofatumumab |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-acquires-all-remaining-rights-to-gsk-s-ofatumumab/81251649/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150823195648/https://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-acquires-all-remaining-rights-to-gsk-s-ofatumumab/81251649/ |archive-date=23 August 2015 |website=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert}}</ref> In October the company acquired Admune Therapeutics for an undisclosed sum, as well as licensing PBF-509, an [[Chemistry:Adenosine|adenosine]] A2A receptor antagonist which is in Phase I clinical trials for non-small cell lung cancer, from Palobiofarma.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2015 |title=Novartis Buys Admune; Licenses Palobiofarma, XOMA Compounds |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-buys-admune-licenses-palobiofarma-xoma-compounds/81251882/ |access-date=25 Jan 2020 |website=Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News |publisher=Mary Ann Liebert |archive-date=17 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817175656/http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-buys-admune-licenses-palobiofarma-xoma-compounds/81251882 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In November 2016, the company announced it would acquire Selexys Pharmaceuticals for $665 million.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 November 2016 |title=Novartis Acquires Selexys Pharmaceuticals - GEN Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News - Biotech from Bench to Business - GEN |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-acquires-selexys-pharmaceuticals/81253455 |access-date=21 November 2016 |archive-date=30 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030090528/https://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-acquires-selexys-pharmaceuticals/81253455 |url-status=live }}</ref> In December, the company acquired Encore Vision, gaining the company's principle compound, EV06, is a first-in-class topical therapy for [[Medicine:Presbyopia|presbyopia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2016 |title=Novartis Buys Encore Vision for Presbyopia Therapy Eyedrops - GEN Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News - Biotech from Bench to Business - GEN |url=http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-buys-encore-vision-for-presbyopia-therapy-eyedrops/81253589 |access-date=21 December 2016 |archive-date=21 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221162554/http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/novartis-buys-encore-vision-for-presbyopia-therapy-eyedrops/81253589 |url-status=live }}</ref> In December Novartis acquired Ziarco Group Limited, bolstering its presence in eczema treatments.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terry |first=Mark |date=19 December 2016 |title=Novartis AG Snaps Up Mid-Stage Eczema Rival |url=https://www.biospace.com/article/novartis-ag-snaps-up-mid-stage-eczema-rival-/ |website=BioSpace |access-date=29 October 2018 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806004628/https://www.biospace.com/article/novartis-ag-snaps-up-mid-stage-eczema-rival-/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In late October 2017, ''{{wipe|Reuters}}'' announced that Novartis would acquire Advanced Accelerator Applications for $3.9 billion, paying $41 per ordinary share and $82 per American depositary share representing a 47 percent premium.<ref>{{Cite news |author=John Miller |date=3 November 2017 |title=Novartis to buy French cancer specialist AAA for $3.9 billion |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-advanced-accelerator/novartis-to-buy-french-cancer-specialist-aaa-for-3-9-billion-idUSKBN1CZ0HC/ |access-date=17 December 2023}}</ref>

In March 2018, GlaxoSmithKline announced that it has reached an agreement with Novartis to acquire Novartis' 36.5 percent stake in their Consumer Healthcare Joint Venture for $13 billion (£9.2 billion).<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 March 2018 |title=GSK reaches agreement with Novartis to acquire full ownership of Consumer Healthcare Business {{!}} GSK |url=https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/media/press-releases/gsk-reaches-agreement-with-novartis-to-acquire-full-ownership-of-consumer-healthcare-business/ |website=www.gsk.com |access-date=27 March 2018 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127035152/https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/media/press-releases/gsk-reaches-agreement-with-novartis-to-acquire-full-ownership-of-consumer-healthcare-business/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=2018-03-27 |title=GSK buys out Novartis in $13 billion consumer healthcare shake-up |work=Reuters |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-novartis-gsk-idUKKBN1H30FM |access-date=9 January 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805204401/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-novartis-gsk-idUKKBN1H30FM |url-status=live }}</ref> In April of the same year, the business utilised some of the proceeds from the aforementioned GlaxoSmithKline deal to acquire Avexis for $218 per share or $8.7 billion in total, gaining the lead compound [[Biology:AVXS-101|AVXS-101]] used to treat [[Medicine:Spinal muscular atrophy|spinal muscular atrophy]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-09 |title=Novartis bets big on gene therapy with $8.7 billion AveXis deal |work=Reuters |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-novartis-avexis-idUKKBN1HG0FP |access-date=9 January 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805202937/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-novartis-avexis-idUKKBN1HG0FP |url-status=live }}</ref> In August 2018, Novartis signed a deal with Laekna-a Shanghai-based pharmaceutical company for its two clinical-stage cancer drugs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novartis licenses out unwanted GlaxoSmithKline cancer drugs to Chinese biotech {{!}} FierceBiotech |url=https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/novartis-licenses-out-unwanted-gsk-cancer-meds-to-chinese-biotech |access-date=2018-08-03 |website=www.fiercebiotech.com |date=August 2018 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805145648/https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/novartis-licenses-out-unwanted-gsk-cancer-meds-to-chinese-biotech |url-status=live }}</ref> Novartis gave Laekna the exclusive international rights for the drugs that are oral pan-Akt kinase inhibitors namely; afuresertib (ASB138) and uprosertib (UPB795).<ref>{{Cite news |title=China's Laekna Inks Two-Drug Deal with Novartis {{!}} BioSpace |work=BioSpace |url=https://www.biospace.com/article/china-s-laekna-inks-two-drug-deal-with-novartis/ |access-date=2018-08-03 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805174528/https://www.biospace.com/article/china-s-laekna-inks-two-drug-deal-with-novartis/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In mid-October, the company announced it would acquire Endocyte Inc for $2.1 billion ($24 per share) merging it with a newly created subsidiary.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-10-18 |title=Novartis to buy cancer drugmaker Endocyte for $2.1 billion in cash |work=Reuters |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-endocyte-m-a-novartis-idUKKCN1MS0JZ |access-date=9 January 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805233223/https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-endocyte-m-a-novartis-idUKKCN1MS0JZ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-10-18 |title=Novartis pushes deeper into nuclear medicine with $2.1 billion deal |work=Reuters |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-endocyte-m-a-novartis-idUKKCN1MS0PN |access-date=9 January 2019 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805190743/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-endocyte-m-a-novartis-idUKKCN1MS0PN |url-status=live }}</ref> Endocyte will bolster Novartis' offering in its radiopharmaceuticals business, with Endocyte's first in class candidate [[Chemistry:Lutetium (177Lu) vipivotide tetraxetan|<sup>177</sup>Lu-PSMA-617]] being targeted against metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2018 |title=Novartis announces planned acquisition of Endocyte to expand expertise in radiopharmaceuticals and build on commitment to transformational therapeutic platforms |url=https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-announces-planned-acquisition-endocyte-expand-expertise-radiopharmaceuticals-and-build-commitment-transformational-therapeutic-platforms |website=Novartis |access-date=18 October 2018 |archive-date=25 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125145132/https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-announces-planned-acquisition-endocyte-expand-expertise-radiopharmaceuticals-and-build-commitment-transformational-therapeutic-platforms |url-status=live }}</ref> In late December the company announced it would acquire France-based contract manufacturer, CellforCure from LFB, boosting its capacity to produce cell and gene therapies.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 December 2018 |title=Novartis to buy France's CellforCure to boost cell, gene therapy |work=Reuters |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-cellforcure/novartis-to-buy-frances-cellforcure-to-boost-cell-gene-therapy-idUKKCN1OJ287 |access-date=20 December 2018 |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806011641/https://uk.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-cellforcure/novartis-to-buy-frances-cellforcure-to-boost-cell-gene-therapy-idUKKCN1OJ287 |url-status=live }}</ref>

On April 9, 2019, Novartis announced that it had completed the spin-off of [[Company:Alcon|Alcon]] as a separate commercial entity. Alcon was listed on the SIX exchange in Switzerland and NYSE exchange in the U.S.<ref name="auto" /> Novartis announced during late 2019 a five-year [[Artificial intelligence|artificial intelligence]] "alliance" with Microsoft. The companies aim to create applications for "Microsoft's AI capabilities", in turn improving the other's drug development processes. Microsoft seeks to "test AI products it is already working on in 'real-life' situations". The deal will pursue solutions for "organizing and using" data generated from Novartis' laboratory experiments, clinical trials, and manufacturing plants. It will also look at improving manufacturing of [[Biology:Chimeric antigen receptor T cell|Chimeric antigen receptor T cell]] (CAR T cells). Finally, the deal "will also apply AI to generative chemistry to enhance drug design".<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Neville |first1=Sarah |last2=Waters |first2=Richard |title=Novartis and Microsoft join forces to develop drugs using AI |url=https://www.ft.com/content/93e532ee-e3a5-11e9-b112-9624ec9edc59 |access-date=5 November 2019 |website=Financial Times |date=October 2019 |archive-date=4 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004125138/https://www.ft.com/content/93e532ee-e3a5-11e9-b112-9624ec9edc59 |url-status=live }}</ref> In November 2019, Sandoz announced it would acquire the Japanese business of Aspen Global inc for €300 million (around $330 million), boosting the business's presence in Asia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sandoz Boosts Toehold in Japan with Aspen Acquisition |url=https://www.biospace.com/article/sandoz-boosts-toehold-in-japan-with-aspen-acquisition/ |access-date=2020-05-04 |website=BioSpace |language=en-US |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806004650/https://www.biospace.com/article/sandoz-boosts-toehold-in-japan-with-aspen-acquisition/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In late November 2019, the business announced it would acquire The Medicines Company for {{US$|9.7 billion}} ($85 per share) in order to acquire amongst other assets, the cholesterol lowering therapy; [[Biology:Inclisiran|inclisiran]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terry |first=Mark |date=25 November 2019 |title=Novartis Buys The Medicines Company: A $9.7 Billion Gamble on a PCSK9 Cholesterol Drug |url=https://www.biospace.com/article/novartis-to-buy-the-medicines-company-for-9-7-billion/?s=79 |access-date=1 Dec 2019 |website=BioSpace |location=Urbandale, Iowa |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806004851/https://www.biospace.com/article/novartis-to-buy-the-medicines-company-for-9-7-billion/?s=79 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2019 |title=Novartis set to buy Medicines Co. for $9.7 billion |url=https://www.leadersleague.com/en/news/novartis-set-to-buy-medicines-co-for-9-7-billion |access-date=1 Dec 2019 |website=Leaders League |location=Paris |archive-date=5 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805171021/https://www.leadersleague.com/en/news/novartis-set-to-buy-medicines-co-for-9-7-billion |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2020, the company announced it would acquire Amblyotech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Amblyotech, A Digital Therapeutics Company, Announces It Has Been Acquired by Novartis |url=https://www.biospace.com/article/amblyotech-a-digital-therapeutics-company-announces-it-has-been-acquired-by-novartis/ |access-date=2020-05-04 |website=BioSpace |language=en-US |archive-date=6 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806054300/https://www.biospace.com/article/amblyotech-a-digital-therapeutics-company-announces-it-has-been-acquired-by-novartis/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2020, Novartis was imposed a fine of €385 million by the French competition authority on accusations of abusive practices to preserve sales of [[Chemistry:Ranibizumab|Lucentis]] over a cheaper drug.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-09 |title=Pharmaceutical giants fined record €444 million for 'abusive practices' |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/130513/record-e444-million-fine-for-three-pharmaceutical-companies-over-abusive-practices/ |access-date=2020-09-13 |website=The Brussels Times |language=en |archive-date=9 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009131444/https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/130513/record-e444-million-fine-for-three-pharmaceutical-companies-over-abusive-practices/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Also in September, [[Company:BioNTech|BioNTech]] has leased a large production facility from Novartis to follow all advance demands for its coronavirus vaccine in Europe and sell it to China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2020 |title=BuyNTech buys Novartis site to boost EU vaccine production |url=https://www.ft.com/content/53f8b351-2020-4de6-8e8b-b3a8c56ba32b |access-date=21 September 2020 |website=Financial Times |archive-date=15 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115072259/https://www.ft.com/content/53f8b351-2020-4de6-8e8b-b3a8c56ba32b |url-status=live }}</ref>

In July 2020, Novartis agreed to pay $678 million to settle allegations that the company violated the False Claims Act and Anti-Kickback Statute by paying physicians to induce them to prescribe certain of the company’s drugs. Novartis allegedly spent hundreds of millions of dollars on fraudulent speaker programs that served as a means to bribe doctors with cash payments and other extravagant rewards. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-23 |title=Top Whistleblower Cases - Recovering More Than $3 Billion - Young Law Group |url=https://young-lawgroup.com/success-stories/top-whistleblower-cases/ |access-date=2024-01-15 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In October Novartis announced it would acquire Vedere Bio for $280 million boosting the businesses cell and gene therapy offerings.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novartis Acquires Vedere Bio, a Novel Optogenetics AAV Gene Therapy Company |url=https://www.biospace.com/article/novartis-acquires-vedere-bio-a-novel-optogenetics-aav-gene-therapy-company/ |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=BioSpace |archive-date=7 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107173248/https://www.biospace.com/article/novartis-acquires-vedere-bio-a-novel-optogenetics-aav-gene-therapy-company/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Novartis Expands Footprint in Gene and Cell Therapy with Vedere Bio Acquisition |url=https://www.biospace.com/article/novartis-adds-vedere-bio-to-its-gene-and-cell-therapy-mix-in-280-million-deal/ |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=BioSpace |archive-date=25 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125194643/https://www.biospace.com/article/novartis-adds-vedere-bio-to-its-gene-and-cell-therapy-mix-in-280-million-deal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In October 2020, as part of a joint venture to develop therapeutic drugs to combat [[Medicine:COVID-19|COVID-19]], Novartis bought 6% of all shares outstanding in Swiss DARPin research company Molecular Partners AG at CHF 23 per share.<ref>[http://www.globallegalchronicle.com/molecular-partners-option-and-license-agreement-with-novartis/ Global Legal Chronicle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111102435/http://www.globallegalchronicle.com/molecular-partners-option-and-license-agreement-with-novartis/ |date=11 November 2020 }} Molecular Partners Option and License Agreement with Novartis (30 October 2020)</ref>

In December 2020, Novartis announced it would acquire [http://www.cadenttx.com/ Cadent Therapeutics] for up to $770 million, gaining full rights to CAD-9303 (a [[Biology:NMDA receptor|NMDAr positive allosteric modulator]]), [[Chemistry:Onfasprodil|MIJ-821]] (a [[Biology:NMDA receptor|NMDAr negative allosteric modulator]]) and CAD-1883 a clinical-stage [[Biology:SK channel|SK channel]] positive allosteric modulator.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cadent Therapeutics Enters Agreement to be Acquired by Novartis |url=https://www.biospace.com/article/cadent-therapeutics-enters-agreement-to-be-acquired-by-novartis/ |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=BioSpace |archive-date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205001343/https://www.biospace.com/article/cadent-therapeutics-enters-agreement-to-be-acquired-by-novartis/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 December 2020 |title=Novartis buys neuroscience company Cadent for up to $770 million |newspaper=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-m-a-cadent-idUKKBN28R0KU |access-date=29 January 2021 |via=www.reuters.com |archive-date=4 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204234420/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-m-a-cadent-idUKKBN28R0KU |url-status=live }}</ref>

In September 2021, the company announced it would acquire gene-therapy business, Arctos Medical, broadening its [[Optogenetics|optogenetics]] range.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biospace.com/article/novartis-snaps-up-arctos-medical-to-target-genetically-related-blindness/?s=79|title=Novartis Adds to Optogenetics Portfolio with Arctos Medical Buy|access-date=23 September 2021|archive-date=23 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923214634/https://www.biospace.com/article/novartis-snaps-up-arctos-medical-to-target-genetically-related-blindness/?s=79|url-status=live}}</ref> In December, Novartis announced it would purchase Gyroscope Therapeutics from health care investment company, Syncona Ltd, for up to $1.5 billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/novartis-buy-gyroscope-therapeutics-up-15-bln-2021-12-22/|title=Novartis buys Gyroscope for $1.5 BLN to add new retinal gene therapy|newspaper=Reuters|date=22 December 2021|last1=Mitra|first1=Sinchita|access-date=23 December 2021|archive-date=23 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223221431/https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/novartis-buy-gyroscope-therapeutics-up-15-bln-2021-12-22/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In February 2022, New York City-based biotechnology company Cambrian Biopharma announced it had licensed rights to [[Biology:MTOR inhibitors|mTOR inhibitor]] programs from Novartis.<ref name=endpts3>{{cite news|url=https://endpts.com/novartis-vet-is-getting-another-shot-at-mtor-following-the-implosion-of-a-longevity-pioneer/ |title=Novartis vet is getting another shot at mTOR following the implosion of a longevity pioneer |website=Endpoints |date=February 16, 2022 |access-date=March 14, 2022}}</ref> As part of the deal, Cambrian was setting up a subsidiary called Tornado Therapeutics.<ref name=endpts3/>

In August 2022, the company announced its plan to spin off Sandoz generic drugs unit to form a publicly traded business as part of a restructuring.<ref name=sandoz-ft /> With the unit having generated US$9.69 billion in 2021, the spin-off would create the biggest generic drugs company in Europe by sales.<ref name=sandoz-bn>{{cite news |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-25/novartis-will-spin-off-sandoz-generic-drugs-unit-by-next-year |title=Novartis to Spin Off Sandoz Generic Drug Unit by Next Year |date=25 August 2022 |work={{wipe|Bloomberg News}} |last=Kresge |first=Naomi |url-access=limited |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220825073304/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-25/novartis-will-spin-off-sandoz-generic-drugs-unit-by-next-year |archive-date=25 August 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2023, Novartis announced it would acquire Chinook Therapeutics and its drug pipeline for up to $3.5 billion.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burger |first=Ludwig |date=2023-06-12 |title=Novartis buys Chinook for $3.5 billion in race to treat rare kidney disease |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/novartis-acquire-us-based-chinook-32-bln-upfront-2023-06-12/ |access-date=2023-07-11}}</ref>

In July 2023, Novartis acquired DTx Pharma, a developer of technology for delivering RNA-based therapies, upfront for $500 million and an additional $500 million subject to reaching certain targets.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Freeman |first=Mike |date=2023-07-17 |title=San Diego biotech that's trying to cure hard-to-treat diseases is acquired for $500M |url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/business/story/2023-07-17/san-diego-biotech-startup-dtx-pharma-acquired-by-novartis-for-500-million |work=The San Diego Union-Tribune}}</ref> Also in June, Novartis announced it would it would sell Xiidra to Bausch & Lomb for $1.75 billion and receive additional $750 million linked to future sales for Xiidra as well as two pipeline assets.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 June 2023 |title=Bausch + Lomb to buy Novartis dry-eye drug for $1.75 bln |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/bausch-lomb-buy-dry-eye-drug-novartis-175-billion-wsj-2023-06-30/ |access-date=30 June 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 June 2023 |title=Novartis Sells Eye Drugs to Bausch + Lomb for Up to $2.5 Billion |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-30/novartis-sells-eye-drugs-to-bausch-lomb-for-up-to-2-5-billion |access-date=20 June 2023 |last1=Pfanner |first1=Eric |last2=Kresge |first2=Naomi}}</ref>

In September 2023, Novartis announced that the spin-off had been approved by its shareholders and that it would be completed by the next month, resulting in Novartis shareholders receiving one Sandoz share for every five Novartis shares.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Burger |first=Ludwig |date=15 September 2023 |title=Novartis shareholders vote in favour of Sandoz spin-off |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/healthcare-pharmaceuticals/novartis-shareholders-vote-favour-sandoz-spin-off-2023-09-15/ |access-date=18 September 2023 |work=Reuters |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ft-spinoff">{{Cite news |last=Kuchler |first=Hannah |date=18 August 2023 |title=Novartis plans to spin off Sandoz in October |url=https://www.ft.com/content/85a15324-2569-4ff3-97c5-8e6d528eb0d1 |work=Financial Times}}</ref> Sandoz will be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange with a market capitalization between $18&nbsp;billion and $25bn.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Sandoz to initially join Swiss mid-cap index after listing - SIX exchange |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/novartis-sandoz-listing/sandoz-to-initially-join-swiss-mid-cap-index-after-listing-six-exchange-idUKL8N3AQ0VL |date=13 September 2023 |work=Reuters}}</ref><ref name="ft-spinoff" />

On October 4, 2023, Novartis completed the spin-off of Sandoz as a stand-alone company.<ref name="spinoff-complete" />

In November 2023, Legend Biotech and Novartis signed an out-license deal to develop and manufacture Legend’s [[Biology:CAR T cell|chimeric antigen receptor]] (CAR-T) therapies, that go after delta-like ligand protein 3 (DLL3) including  large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma candidate LB2102 for $100 million upfront, and Legend Biotech will be eligible to receive up to $1.01 billion in clinical, regulatory, and commercial milestone payments and tiered royalties. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ojha |first=Shreeyashi |date=2023-11-15 |title=Legend & Novartis sign $100m agreement - BioProcess Insider |url=https://bioprocessintl.com/bioprocess-insider/deal-making/legend-and-novartis-sign-100m-car-t-license-agreement/ |access-date=2023-11-30 |website=BioProcess International |language=en-US}}</ref>

In December 2023, Novartis sold its 15 opthalmology drugs to JB Chemicals for ₹1,089 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=JB Chemicals acquires around 15 opthalmology drugs from Novartis for ₹1,089 crore |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/market/jb-chemicals-share-price-signs-two-agreements-novartis-for-select-ophthalmology-brands-18600001.htm |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=CNBCTV18 |language=en}}</ref>

===Acquisition history===
{{hidden begin|border=1px  #aaa solid|title=Novartis Acquisitions|ta1=center}}
{{Tree list}}
*'''Novartis'''
**Novartis {{small|(Merger of Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz, 1996)}}
***Ciba-Geigy
****J. R. Geigy Ltd {{small|(Merged 1971)}}
****CIBA {{small|(Merged 1971)}}
***Sandoz
****Kern and Sandoz Chemistry Firm {{small|(Founded 1886)}}
****Wander AG {{small|(Acq 1967)}}
****Lek d.d. (Slovenia) {{small|(Acq 2002)}}
****Aspen Global inc (Japanese business) {{small|(Acq 2019)}}
**Hexal {{small|(Acq 2005)}}
**Eon Labs {{small|(Acq 2005)}}
**Chiron Corporation {{small|(Acq 2006)}}
***Matrix Pharmaceuticals Inc {{small|(Acq 2002)}}
***PowderJect {{small|(Acq 2003)}}
***PathoGenesis {{small|(Acq 2001)}}
***Cetus Corporation
****Cetus Oncology
****Biocine Company
****Chiron Diagnostics
****Chiron Intraoptics
****Chiron Technologies 
***Adatomed GmbH
**Zhejiang Tianyuan Bio-Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd {{small|(Acq 2009)}}
**[[Company:Alcon|Alcon]] {{small|(Founded 1945, Acq 2010)}}
***Texas Pharmacal Company {{small|(Acq 1979)}}
**Genoptix {{small|(Acq 2011)}}
**Fougera Pharmaceuticals {{small|(Acq 2012)}}
**CoStim Pharmaceuticals {{small|(Acq 2014)}}
**[[Company:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline (Cancer drug division)]] {{small|(Acq 2014)}}
**Spinifex Pharmaceuticals {{small|(Acq 2015)}}
**Admune Therapeutic {{small|(Acq 2015)}}
**Selexys Pharmaceuticals {{small|(Acq 2016)}}
**Ziarco Group Limited {{small|(Acq 2016)}}
**Advanced Accelerator Applications {{small|(Acq 2018)}}
**AveXis {{small|(Acq 2018)}}
**Endocyte {{small|(Acq 2018)}}
**CellforCure {{small|(Acq 2018)}}
**The Medicines Company {{small|(Acq 2019)}}
**Amblyotech {{small|(Acq 2020)}}
**Vedere Bio {{small|(Acq 2020)}}
**Cadent Therapeutics {{small|(Acq 2020)}}
***Luc Therapeutics {{small|(Merged 2017)}}
***Ataxion Therapeutics {{small|(Merged 2017)}}
**Arctos Medical {{small|(Acq 2021)}}
**Gyroscope Therapeutics {{small|(Acq 2021)}}
**Chinook Therapeutics {{small|(Acq 2023)}}
**DTx Pharma {{small|(Acq 2023)}}
{{Tree list/end}}
{{hidden end}}

==Research==
[[File:Novartis 100 Technology Square Cambridge November 2019.jpg|thumb|Novartis in Cambridge, Massachusetts in November 2019]]
The company's global research operations, called "Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR)" have their global headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ross |first=Casey |date=2010-10-27 |title=Novartis doubles plan for Cambridge |work=The Boston Globe |url=http://www.boston.com/business/healthcare/articles/2010/10/27/novartis_doubles_plan_for_cambridge/ |url-status=live |access-date=2010-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103015727/http://www.boston.com/business/healthcare/articles/2010/10/27/novartis_doubles_plan_for_cambridge/ |archive-date=2012-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research |url=https://www.novartis.com/our-science/novartis-institutes-biomedical-research |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502162718/http://www.nibr.com/ |archive-date=2 May 2014 |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=Novartis}}</ref> Two research institutes reside within NIBR that focus on diseases in the developing world: Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, which works on tuberculosis, dengue, and malaria, and Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health, which works on salmonella typhi (typhoid fever) and shigella.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Innovation for the developing world |url=http://www.nibr.com/research/developing_world/index.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209173427/http://www.nibr.com/research/developing_world/index.shtml |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref>

Novartis is also involved in publicly funded collaborative research projects, with other industrial and academic partners. One example in the area of [[Medicine:Pre-clinical development|non-clinical]] safety assessment is the InnoMed PredTox project.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mattes |first=William B. |title=Essential Concepts in Toxicogenomics |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-58829-638-2 |editor-last=Mendrick |editor-first=Donna L. |series=[[Biology:Methods in Molecular Biology|Methods in Molecular Biology]] |volume=460 |pages=221–238 |chapter=Public Consortium Efforts in Toxicogenomics |doi=10.1007/978-1-60327-048-9_11 |pmid=18449490 |editor-last2=Mattes |editor-first2=William B.}}</ref><ref name="InnoMed PredTox official project website">{{Citation |title=InnoMed PredTox Member Organizations |url=http://www.innomed-predtox.com/consortium/members/ |type=web page |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926214522/http://www.innomed-predtox.com/consortium/members/ |publisher=InnoMed |access-date=2008-08-25 |archive-date=2008-09-26<!--this is the earliest archived page-->}}</ref> The company is expanding its activities in joint research projects within the framework of the [[Medicine:Innovative Medicines Initiative|Innovative Medicines Initiative]] of EFPIA and the European Commission.<ref name="IMI Call Topics 2008">{{Citation |title=IMI-GB-018v2-24042008-CallTopics.pdf |url=http://www.imi.europa.eu/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/calls01_en.zip |work=IMI 1st Call 2008: Information Package (ZIP archive) |df=dmy-all |year=2008 |editor-last=Innovative Medicines Initiative |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033922/http://www.imi.europa.eu/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/calls01_en.zip |publisher=European Commission |format=PDF |access-date=2012-01-16 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Novartis is working with Science 37 in order to allow video based [[Medicine:Telemedicine|telemedicine]] visits instead of physical traveling to clinics for patients. It is planning for ten clinical trials over three years using [[Engineering:Mobile technology|mobile technology]] to help free patients from burdensome hospital trips.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-03-07 |title=Novartis, U.S. partner plan remote trials to boost participation |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-science-37/novartis-u-s-partner-plan-remote-trials-to-boost-participation-idUSKCN1GJ0KK |access-date=2018-03-15 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109033546/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-science-37/novartis-u-s-partner-plan-remote-trials-to-boost-participation-idUSKCN1GJ0KK |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Products==
===Pharmaceuticals (66 in total as of April 28, 2023)===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Name!![[Medicine:Indication|Indication(s)]] or drug type/class!!Sales {{currency|1 million|USD}}!!Sales year!!% Change!!Notes
|-
|Aclasta/Reclast ([[Chemistry:Zoledronic acid|zoledronic acid]])||[[Medicine:Osteoporosis|Osteoporosis]]||590 ||2012<ref name=2012Sales/> ||−4% ||
|-
|Adelphane-Esidrex ([[Biology:Reserpine|reserpine]]/[[Chemistry:Dihydralazine|dihydralazine]]/[[Chemistry:Hydrochlorothiazide|hydrochlorothiazide]])||[[Medicine:Hypertension|Hypertension]]|| || || ||
|-
|Afinitor/Certican/Zortress ([[Chemistry:Everolimus|everolimus]])||Prevention of transplant rejection, various cancers||797 ||2012<ref name=2012Sales/> ||80% ||
|-
|Amturnide ([[Chemistry:Aliskiren|aliskiren]]/[[Chemistry:Amlodipine|amlodipine]]/hydrochlorothiazide)||Hypertension|| || || ||
|-
|Anafranil ([[Chemistry:Clomipramine|clomipramine]])||Major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder|| || || ||
|-
|Arcapta Neohaler/Onbrez Breezhaler ([[Chemistry:Indacaterol|indacaterol]])||COPD|| || || ||
|-
|Brinaldix ([[Chemistry:Clopamide|clopamide]])||Hypertension|| || || ||
|-
|Clozaril/Leponex ([[Chemistry:Clozapine|clozapine]])||Treatment-resistant [[Medicine:Schizophrenia|schizophrenia]]|| || || ||
|-
|Co-Diovan (Valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide)||Hypertension|| || || ||
|-
|Coartem/Riamet (artemether/lumefantrine)||[[Medicine:Malaria|Malaria]] (uncomplicated)|| || || ||
|-
|Comtan ([[Chemistry:Entacapone|entacapone]])||[[Medicine:Parkinson's disease|Parkinson's disease]]||530||2012<ref name=2012Sales/> ||−14% ||
|-
|Cosentyx ([[Chemistry:Secukinumab|secukinumab]])||[[Medicine:Psoriasis|Psoriasis]]|| || || ||
|-
|Diovan ([[Chemistry:Valsartan|valsartan]])||Hypertension||4,417||2012<ref name=2012Sales/>||−22% ||
|-
|Entresto (sacubitril/valsartan)||[[Medicine:Heart failure|Heart failure]]|| || || ||
|-
|Enterovioform ([[Chemistry:Clioquinol|clioquinol]])||[[Medicine:Amoebiasis|Amoebiasis]]|| || || ||
|-
|Eucreas/Galvus Met ([[Chemistry:Vildagliptin|vildagliptin]]/[[Chemistry:Metformin|metformin]])||[[Medicine:Diabetes mellitus type 2|Diabetes mellitus type 2]]|| || || ||
|-
|Exelon Patch ([[Chemistry:Rivastigmine|rivastigmine]])||[[Medicine:Alzheimer's disease|Alzheimer's disease]]||1,050||2012<ref name=2012Sales/>||−2% ||
|-
|Exforge (amlodipine/valsartan)||Hypertension||1,352 ||2012<ref name=2012Sales/> ||12% ||
|-
|Exjade ([[Chemistry:Deferasirox|deferasirox]])||Chronic iron overload||870||2012<ref name=2012Sales/>||2% || Manufactured as tablets for oral suspension; tablets for oral use are marketed under the brand name Jadenu
|-
|Famvir ([[Chemistry:Famciclovir|famciclovir]])||Herpes zoster and other ''Herpesvirus'' infection|| || || ||
|-
|Fanapt ([[Chemistry:Iloperidone|iloperidone]])||Schizophrenia|| || || ||
|-
|Femara ([[Chemistry:Letrozole|letrozole]])||[[Medicine:Breast cancer|Breast cancer]]||438||2012<ref name=2012Sales/> ||−52% ||
|-
|Focalin ([[Chemistry:Dexmethylphenidate|dexmethylphenidate]])||ADHD|| || || ||First US generics of Focalin became available in 2007<ref>Teva press release. 30 January 2007  [http://ir.tevapharm.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=73925&p=irol-newsArticle_Print&ID=1554585&highlight= Teva Receives Approval for Generic Focalin™ Tablets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813044650/http://ir.tevapharm.com/investors/default.aspx |date=13 August 2020 }}</ref> Focalin XR became available in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPCI: FDA Approves First Focalin XR ANDA; Positive Incremental Step Toward Approval and October Launch for IPCI |url=http://www.pitchengine.com/theproactivenetwork/ipci-fda-approves-first-focalin-xr-anda-positive-incremental-step-toward-approval-and-october-launch-for-ipci |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020105554/http://www.pitchengine.com/theproactivenetwork/ipci-fda-approves-first-focalin-xr-anda-positive-incremental-step-toward-approval-and-october-launch-for-ipci |archive-date=20 October 2013 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|Foradil/Foradile ([[Chemistry:Formoterol|formoterol]])||[[Medicine:Asthma|Asthma]], COPD|| || || ||
|-
|Galvus ([[Chemistry:Vildagliptin|vildagliptin]])||Diabetes mellitus type 2||910 ||2012<ref name=2012Sales/> ||39% ||
|-
|Gilenya ([[Chemistry:Fingolimod|fingolimod]])||Multiple sclerosis||1,195 ||2012<ref name=2012Sales/>||142%||
|-
|Gleevec/Glivec ([[Chemistry:Imatinib|imatinib]])||[[Medicine:Oncology|Oncology]], Chronic myelogenous leukemia||4,675||2012<ref name="2012Sales">[http://www.novartis.com/investors/financial-results/product-sales.shtml Novartis Top 20 Products Annual Sales (Novartis Website)], accessed 19 October 2013 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428001852/http://www.novartis.com/investors/financial-results/product-sales.shtml |date=28 April 2014 }}</ref>||0% ||
|-
|Hygroton ([[Chemistry:Chlortalidone|chlortalidone]])||Hypertension|| || || ||
|-
|Ilaris ([[Chemistry:Canakinumab|canakinumab]])||[[Medicine:Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome|Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome]]|| || || ||
|-
|Jadenu ([[Chemistry:Deferasirox|deferasirox]])||Chronic iron overload || || || || Deferasirox tablets for oral use—a new formulation of Exjade (which comes in tablets for oral suspension)
|-
| Jakavi/Jakafi ([[Chemistry:Ruxolitinib|ruxolitinib]]) || [[Medicine:Myelofibrosis|Myelofibrosis]] (of intermediate to high risk) || || || ||
|-
| Kisqali ([[Chemistry:Ribociclib|ribociclib]]) || Breast Cancer || 1,231|| 2022<ref name=novartis2022sales>{{cite web | url=https://www.novartis.com/investors/financial-data/product-sales | title=Product Sales }}</ref> || ||
|-
| Kymriah ([[Biology:Tisagenlecleucel|tisagenlecleucel]])|| [[Medicine:Acute lymphoblastic leukemia|Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]] || || ||
|-
|Lamisil ([[Chemistry:Terbinafine|terbinafine]])||Fungal infections|| || || ||
|-
|Lescol ([[Chemistry:Fluvastatin|fluvastatin]])||Hypercholesterolemia||665||2007<ref name="novartis2007sales">[https://web.archive.org/web/20071113234423/http://www.novartis.com/investors/product-sales.shtml Novartis official 2007 product sales] From Internet Archive; archive date 13 November 2007</ref>||−8%||
|-
|Lioresal ([[Chemistry:Baclofen|baclofen]])||Spasticity|| || || ||
|-
|Lotrel (amlodipine/benazepril)||Hypertension||748||2007<ref name=novartis2007sales/>||−34%||
|-
|Lucentis ([[Chemistry:Ranibizumab|ranibizumab]])||Age-related [[Medicine:Macular degeneration|macular degeneration]]|| 2,398 ||2012<ref name=2012Sales/>||17% ||
|-
|Ludiomil ([[Chemistry:Maprotiline|maprotiline]])||Major depressive disorder|| || || ||
|-
|Mayzent<ref>{{Cite web |last=Commissioner |first=Office of the |date=2019-09-11 |title=FDA approves new oral drug to treat multiple sclerosis |url=https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-oral-drug-treat-multiple-sclerosis |access-date=2019-10-16 |website=FDA |language=en |archive-date=9 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209062552/https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-oral-drug-treat-multiple-sclerosis |url-status=live }}</ref> ([[Chemistry:Siponimod|siponimod]])
|Treatment for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS)
|
|
|
|FDA approved March 26, 2019<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novartis receives FDA approval for Mayzent® (siponimod), the first oral drug to treat secondary progressive MS with active disease |url=https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-receives-fda-approval-mayzent-siponimod-first-oral-drug-treat-secondary-progressive-ms-active-disease |access-date=2019-10-16 |website=Novartis |language=en |archive-date=20 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201120002815/https://www.novartis.com/news/media-releases/novartis-receives-fda-approval-mayzent-siponimod-first-oral-drug-treat-secondary-progressive-ms-active-disease |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Mellaril ([[Chemistry:Thioridazine|thioridazine]])||Schizophrenia|| || || ||
|-
|Myfortic ([[Chemistry:Mycophenolic acid|mycophenolic acid]])||Prevention of transplant rejection||579 ||2012<ref name=2012Sales/> ||12% ||
|-
|Navoban ([[Chemistry:Tropisetron|tropisetron]])||[[Medicine:Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting|Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting]]|| || || ||
|-
|Odomzo ([[Chemistry:Sonidegib|sonidegib]])||Locally advanced basal cell carcinoma|| || || ||
|-
|Ritalin ([[Chemistry:Methylphenidate|methylphenidate]])||ADHD||554||2012<ref name=2012Sales/>||1% ||
|-
|Sandimmune/Neoral ([[Chemistry:Ciclosporin|ciclosporin]])||Prevention of transplant rejection||821||2012<ref name=2012Sales/>||−9% ||
|-
|Sandostatin ([[Chemistry:Octreotide|octreotide]])||[[Medicine:Acromegaly|Acromegaly]]||1,512||2012<ref name=2012Sales/>||5% ||
|-
|Sertraline Sandoz ([[Chemistry:Sertraline|sertraline hydrochloride]])
|Depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, [[Medicine:Panic disorder|panic disorder]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sertraline Sandoz Tablet |url=https://www.nps.org.au/medical-info/medicine-finder/sertraline-sandoz-tablet |access-date=2019-01-09 |website=NPS MedicineWise |archive-date=9 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109030043/https://www.nps.org.au/medical-info/medicine-finder/sertraline-sandoz-tablet |url-status=live }}</ref>
|
|
|
|Generic form of sertraline.
|-
|Signifor ([[Chemistry:Pasireotide|pasireotide]])
|Cushing's disease<ref>{{Cite web |title=EU/3/09/671 &#124; European Medicines Agency |url=http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/orphans/2009/11/human_orphan_000677.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204042347/http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages%2Fmedicines%2Fhuman%2Forphans%2F2009%2F11%2Fhuman_orphan_000677.jsp |archive-date=4 February 2014 |access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDA Approves Pasireotide for Cushing's Disease |url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/776273 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730024249/http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/776273 |archive-date=2013-07-30}}</ref>
|-
|Simulect ([[Chemistry:Basiliximab|basiliximab]])||Prevention of transplant rejection|| || || ||
|-
|Sirdalud ([[Chemistry:Tizanidine|tizanidine]])||Spasticity|| || || ||
|-
|Spersallerg ([[Chemistry:Antazoline|antazoline]]/tetrahydrozoline)||Allergic conjunctivitis|| || || ||
|-
|Stalevo ([[Chemistry:Carbidopa|carbidopa]]/levodopa/[[Chemistry:Entacapone|entacapone]])||Parkinson's disease|| || || ||
|-
|Tasigna ([[Chemistry:Nilotinib|nilotinib]])||Chronic myelogenous leukemia (first-line treatment<ref name="wsjtasigna2012">{{Citation |title=NICE Backs Novartis's Tasigna For CML, Rejects BMS's Sprycel |date=12 January 2012 |url=https://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20120112-715529.html |work={{wipe|The Wall Street Journal}} |df=dmy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130517062555/http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20120112-715529.html |at=online.wsj.com |access-date=2012-01-15 |archive-date=17 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>)||998 ||2012<ref name=2012Sales/>  ||39% ||NICE formulary approval, January 2012<ref name=wsjtasigna2012/>
|-
|Tegretol ([[Chemistry:Carbamazepine|carbamazepine]])||[[Medicine:Epilepsy|Epilepsy]], [[Medicine:Bipolar disorder|bipolar disorder]]||413||2007<ref name=novartis2007sales/>||6% ||
|-
|Tekamlo (aliskiren/amlodipine)||Hypertension|| || || ||
|-
|Tekturna/Rasilez ([[Chemistry:Aliskiren|aliskiren]])||Hypertension|| || || ||
|-
|Termalgin ([[Chemistry:Paracetamol|paracetamol]])||[[Medicine:Fever|Fever]], mild pain|| || || ||
|-
|Tobi ([[Chemistry:Tobramycin|tobramycin]])||Prevention of ''[[Biology:Pseudomonas aeruginosa|Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'' infection in [[Medicine:Cystic fibrosis|cystic fibrosis]]||350 (US only)||2012<ref name=Teva2013/>|| ||Teva introduced generic in the US in 2013<ref name="Teva2013">Teva press release. 14 October 2013 [https://archive.today/20131019192549/http://www.ir.tevapharm.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=73925&p=irol-newsArticle&id=1864100 Teva Announces FDA Approval of Generic TOBI® in the United States]</ref>
|-
|Tofranil ([[Chemistry:Imipramine|imipramine]])||Major depressive disorder, [[Medicine:Enuresis|enuresis]]|| || || ||
|-
|Trileptal ([[Chemistry:Oxcarbazepine|oxcarbazepine]])||Epilepsy, bipolar disorder||690 (US only)||2007<ref name=teva2007/>|| ||Teva introduced generic in 2008<ref name="teva2007">Teva Press Release 12 December 2007 [https://www.drugs.com/newdrugs/teva-announces-approval-trileptal-736.html Teva Announces Approval of Generic Trileptal Tablets] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020044853/http://www.drugs.com/newdrugs/teva-announces-approval-trileptal-736.html |date=20 October 2013 }}</ref>
|-
|Tyzeca/Sebivo ([[Chemistry:Telbivudine|telbivudine]])||Chronic [[Medicine:Hepatitis B|hepatitis B]]|| || || ||
|-
|Visudyne ([[Chemistry:Verteporfin|verteporfin]])||Age-related macular degeneration (wet form)|| || || ||
|-
|Voltaren ([[Chemistry:Diclofenac|diclofenac]])||Acute pain, inflammatory disorders (such as [[Medicine:Rheumatoid arthritis|rheumatoid arthritis]])||759 (excl. OTC)||2012<ref name=2012Sales/>||−4%||
|-
|Zometa ([[Chemistry:Zoledronic acid|zoledronic acid]])||Prevention of bone fractures in cancer patients||1,288||2012<ref name=2012Sales/>||−13% ||
|-
|Xolair ([[Chemistry:Omalizumab|omalizumab]])||Moderate-to-severe [[Medicine:Asthma|asthma]] not controlled by inhaled [[Chemistry:Glucocorticoid|steroids]]<br />Chronic idiopathic urticaria||504 ||2012<ref name=2012Sales/> ||4% ||
|-
|Zaditen ([[Chemistry:Ketotifen|ketotifen]])||Asthma, allergic conjunctivitis|| || || ||
|}

===Consumer health===
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
* Benefiber
* Bialcol Alcohol
* Buckley's cold and cough formula
* Bufferin
* [[Chemistry:ChestEze|ChestEze]]
* Comtrex cold and cough
* [[Chemistry:Penciclovir|Denavir/Vectavir]]
* [[Chemistry:Miconazole|Desenex]]
* Doan's pain relief
* Ex-Lax
* Excedrin
* Fenistil
* Gas-X
* Habitrol
* Keri skin care
* Lamisil foot care
* Lipactin [[Medicine:Herpes simplex|herpes]] symptomatic treatment
* Maalox
* [[Medicine:Nicotine replacement therapy|Nicotinell]]
* No-doz
* Quinvaxem ([[Medicine:DTwP-HepB-Hib vaccine|Pentavalent vaccine]])
* [[Chemistry:Xylometazoline|Otrivine]]
* [[Chemistry:Lansoprazole|Prevacid 24HR]]
* [[Chemistry:Savlon|Savlon]]
* Tavist
* [[Chemistry:Theraflu|Theraflu]]
* [[Chemistry:Tioconazole|Vagistat]]
* Tixylix
* [[Chemistry:Diclofenac|Voltaren]]
{{div col end}}

In January 2009, the United States Department of Health and Human Services awarded Novartis a $486&nbsp;million contract for construction of the first US plant to produce cell-based [[Medicine:Influenza vaccine|influenza vaccine]], to be located in Holly Springs, North Carolina. The stated goal of this program is the capability of producing 150,000,000 doses of [[Biology:Influenza research#Pandemic flu vaccine planning|pandemic vaccine]] within six months of declaring a flu pandemic.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=US Department of Health and Human Services awards Novartis USD 486 million contract to build manufacturing facility for pandemic flu vaccine |date=15 January 2009 |publisher=Novartis |url=http://www.novartis.com/newsroom/media-releases/en/2009/1282432.shtml |access-date=2009-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603115944/http://www.novartis.com/newsroom/media-releases/en/2009/1282432.shtml |archive-date=2010-06-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In April 2014, Novartis divested its consumer health section with $3,5 billion worth of assets into a new joint venture with [[Company:GlaxoSmithKline|GlaxoSmithKline]], named GSK Consumer Healthcare, of which Novartis will hold a 36,5% stake.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staton |first=Tracy |date=2014-04-22 |title=Novartis, GSK team up in consumer JV to save big money, gain big scale |url=http://www.fiercepharma.com/m-a/novartis-gsk-team-up-consumer-jv-to-save-big-money-gain-big-scale |access-date=2016-05-16 |website=FiercePharma |publisher=Questex Media Group |archive-date=26 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026075857/https://www.fiercepharma.com/m-a/novartis-gsk-team-up-consumer-jv-to-save-big-money-gain-big-scale |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2018, GSK announced that it has reached an agreement with Novartis to acquire Novartis' 36.5% stake in their Consumer Healthcare Joint Venture for $13 billion (£9.2 billion).<ref name=":1" />

===Animal health===
====Pet care====
* Interceptor ([[Chemistry:Milbemycin oxime|Milbemycin oxime]]), oral worm control product
* Sentinel Flavor Tabs (Milbemycin oxime, [[Chemistry:Lufenuron|Lufenuron]]), oral flea control product
* Deramaxx ([[Chemistry:Deracoxib|Deracoxib]]), oral treatment for pain and inflammation from osteoarthritis in dogs
* Capstar ([[Chemistry:Nitenpyram|Nitenpyram]]), oral tablet for flea control
* Milbemax ([[Chemistry:Milbemycin oxime|Milbemycin oxime]], [[Chemistry:Praziquantel|Praziquantel]]), oral worm treatment
* Program ([[Chemistry:Lufenuron|Lufenuron]]), oral tablet for flea control

====Livestock====
* Acatalk Duostar (Fluazuron, [[Chemistry:Ivermectin|Ivermectin]]), tick control for cattle
* CLiK (Dicyclanil), blowfly control for sheep
* Denagard ([[Chemistry:Tiamulin|Tiamulin]]), antibiotic for the treatment of swine dysentery associated with ''[[Biology:Brachyspira|Brachyspira]]'' (formerly Serpulina or Treponema)
* Fasinex ([[Chemistry:Triclabendazole|Triclabendazole]]), oral drench for cattle that is used for the treatment and control of all three stages of liver fluke
* ViraShield, For use in healthy cattle, including pregnant cows and heifers, as an aid in the prevention of disease caused by infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine virus diarrhoea (BVD Type 1 and BVD Type 2), parainfluenza Type 3 (PI3), and bovine respiratory syncytial (BRSV) viruses

====Bioprotection (insect and rodent control)====
* Actara ([[Chemistry:Thiamethoxam|Thiamethoxam]])
* Atrazine ([[Chemistry:Atrazine|Atrazine]])
* Larvadex ([[Chemistry:Cyromazine|Cyromazine]])
* Neporex ([[Chemistry:Cyromazine|Cyromazine]])
* Oxyfly (Lambda-cyhalothrin)
* Virusnip (Potassium monopersulfate)

==Controversies and criticism==
===Challenge to India's patent laws===

Novartis fought a seven-year, controversial battle to patent [[Chemistry:Imatinib|Gleevec]] in India, and took the case all the way to the Indian Supreme Court, where the patent application was finally rejected. The patent application at the center of the case was filed by Novartis in India in 1998, after India had agreed to enter the [[Organization:World Trade Organization|World Trade Organization]] and to abide by worldwide intellectual property standards under the TRIPS agreement. As part of this agreement, India made changes to its patent law; the biggest of which was that prior to these changes, patents on products were not allowed, afterwards they were, albeit with restrictions. These changes came into effect in 2005, so Novartis' patent application waited in a "mailbox" with others until then, under procedures that India instituted to manage the transition. India also passed certain amendments to its patent law in 2005, just before the laws came into effect, which played a key role in the rejection of the patent application.<ref name=NYTimesIndiaDecision/>

The patent application<ref>Note: The Indian patent application No.1602/MAS/1998 does not appear to be publicly available. However, according to [https://www.scribd.com/doc/133340456/IPAB-Order-Dated-26-Jun-2009-in-Novartis-v-Union-of-India the decision of the IPAB on 26 June 2009] (page 27) discussed below, "The Appellant's application under the PCT was substantially on the same invention as had been made in India." {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022185309/http://www.scribd.com/doc/133340456/IPAB-Order-Dated-26-Jun-2009-in-Novartis-v-Union-of-India |date=22 October 2013 }}</ref><ref name="PCT">{{Cite web |title=Crystal Modification of a N-Phenyl-2-Pyrimidineamine Derivative, Processes for Its Manufacture and Its Use |url=https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO1999003854 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022201745/http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO1999003854 |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref> claimed the final form of Gleevec (the beta crystalline form of imatinib [[Chemistry:Mesylate|mesylate]]).<ref>Staff, European Medicines Agency, 2004. [http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Scientific_Discussion/human/000406/WC500022203.pdf EMEA Scientific Discussion of Glivec] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920171821/http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Scientific_Discussion/human/000406/WC500022203.pdf |date=20 September 2018 }}</ref>{{rp|3}} In 1993 before India allowed patents on products, Novartis had patented imatinib, with [[Chemistry:Salt|salts]] vaguely specified, in many countries but could not patent it in India.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Patent US5521184 - Pyrimidine derivatives and processes for the preparation thereof |url=https://www.google.com/patents/US5521184 |website=google.com |access-date=11 November 2016 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215153432/https://patents.google.com/patent/US5521184 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Espacenet - results view |url=https://worldwide.espacenet.com/searchResults?query=EP0564409 |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=worldwide.espacenet.com |archive-date=17 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117063255/https://worldwide.espacenet.com/searchResults?query=EP0564409 |url-status=live }}</ref> The key differences between the two patent applications were that the 1998 patent application specified the [[Chemistry:Counterion|counterion]] (Gleevec is a specific salt - imatinib mesylate) while the 1993 patent application did not claim any specific salts nor did it mention mesylate, and the 1998 patent application specified the solid form of Gleevec - the way the individual molecules are packed together into a solid when the [[Medicine:Active ingredient|drug itself]] is manufactured (this is separate from processes by which the drug itself is [[Chemistry:Pharmaceutical formulation|formulated]] into pills or capsules) - while the 1993 patent application did not. The solid form of imatinib mesylate in Gleevec is beta crystalline.<ref>[http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=40212 Indian Supreme Court Decision] paragraphs 5-6 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706085312/http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=40212 |date=6 July 2013 }}</ref>

As provided under the TRIPS agreement, Novartis applied for Exclusive Marketing Rights (EMR) for Gleevec from the Indian Patent Office and the EMR was granted in November 2003.<ref name="Decision8-9">{{Cite web |title=Novartis v UoI, para 8-9 |url=http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=40212 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706085312/http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=40212 |archive-date=6 July 2013 |access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref> Novartis made use of the EMR to obtain orders against some generic manufacturers who had already launched Gleevec in India.<ref name=SpicyIP1/> Novartis set the price of Gleevec at US$2666 per patient per month; generic companies were selling their versions at US$177 to 266 per patient per month.<ref>Staff, LawyersCollective. 6 September 2011 [http://www.lawyerscollective.org/news/archived-news-a-articles/126-novartis-case-background-and-update-supreme-court-of-india-to-recommence-hearing.html Novartis case: background and update – Supreme Court of India to recommence hearing] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021011059/http://www.lawyerscollective.org/news/archived-news-a-articles/126-novartis-case-background-and-update-supreme-court-of-india-to-recommence-hearing.html |date=21 October 2013 }}</ref> Novartis also initiated a program to assist patients who could not afford its version of the drug, concurrent with its product launch.<ref name="WSJ">R. Jai Krishna and Jeanne Whalen for ''The Wall Street Journal''. 1 April 2013 [https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323296504578395672582230106 Novartis Loses Glivec Patent Battle in India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026192715/http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323296504578395672582230106 |date=26 October 2014 }}</ref>

When examination of Novartis' patent application began in 2005, it came under immediate attack from [[Social:Opposition proceeding|oppositions]] initiated by generic companies that were already selling Gleevec in India and by advocacy groups. The application was rejected by the patent office and by an appeal board. The key basis for the rejection was the part of Indian patent law that was created by amendment in 2005, describing the patentability of new uses for known drugs and modifications of known drugs. That section, Paragraph 3d, specified that such inventions are patentable only if "they differ significantly in properties with regard to efficacy."<ref name="SpicyIP1">Shamnad Basheer for Spicy IP 11 March 2006 [http://spicyip.com/2006/03/first-mailbox-opposition-gleevec.html First Mailbox Opposition (Gleevec) Decided in India] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021162820/http://spicyip.com/2006/03/first-mailbox-opposition-gleevec.html |date=21 October 2013 }}</ref><ref name="Appellate">{{Cite web |title=IPAB Order Dated 26-Jun-2009 in Novartis v. Union of India &#124; Patent Application &#124; Patent |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/133340456/IPAB-Order-Dated-26-Jun-2009-in-Novartis-v-Union-of-India |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022185309/http://www.scribd.com/doc/133340456/IPAB-Order-Dated-26-Jun-2009-in-Novartis-v-Union-of-India |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=29 January 2021 |website=Scribd}}</ref> At one point, Novartis went to court to try to invalidate Paragraph 3d; it argued that the provision was unconstitutionally vague and that it violated TRIPS. Novartis lost that case and did not appeal.<ref name="2007Decn">{{Cite web |title=W.P. No.24759 of 2006 |url=http://judis.nic.in/judis_chennai/qrydispfree.aspx?filename=11121 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020071414/http://judis.nic.in/judis_chennai/qrydispfree.aspx?filename=11121 |archive-date=20 October 2013 |access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref> Novartis did appeal the rejection by the patent office to India's Supreme Court, which took the case.

The Supreme Court case hinged on the interpretation of Paragraph 3d. The Supreme Court decided that the substance that Novartis sought to patent was indeed a modification of a known drug (the raw form of imatinib, which was publicly disclosed in the 1993 patent application and in scientific articles), that Novartis did not present evidence of a difference in therapeutic efficacy between the final form of Gleevec and the raw form of imatinib, and that therefore the patent application was properly rejected by the patent office and lower courts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court rejects bid by Novartis to patent Glivec |url=http://spicyipindia.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/supreme-court-rejects-bid-by-novartis.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217091420/http://spicyipindia.blogspot.co.uk/2013/04/supreme-court-rejects-bid-by-novartis.html |archive-date=2013-12-17}}</ref>

Although the court ruled narrowly,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Novartis v UoI, Para 191 |url=http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=40212 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706085312/http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=40212 |archive-date=6 July 2013 |access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref> and took care to note that the subject application was filed during a time of transition in Indian patent law,<ref name="Decision24">{{Cite web |title=Novartis v UoI, Para 24-25 |url=http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=40212 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130706085312/http://judis.nic.in/supremecourt/imgs1.aspx?filename=40212 |archive-date=6 July 2013 |access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref> the decision generated widespread global news coverage and reignited debates on balancing public good with monopolistic pricing, innovation with affordability etc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How the Indian judgment will reverberate across the world |url=http://www.firstpost.com/world/how-the-indian-judgment-on-novartis-will-reverberate-across-the-world-684767.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118172854/http://www.firstpost.com/world/how-the-indian-judgment-on-novartis-will-reverberate-across-the-world-684767.html |archive-date=2014-01-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patented drugs must be priced smartly |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-04-03/news/38248707_1_patent-protection-glivec-indian-patent-act |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020222337/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-04-03/news/38248707_1_patent-protection-glivec-indian-patent-act |archive-date=2013-10-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patent with a purpose, Prof. Shamnad Basheer, Indian Express, 3 April 2013 |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/patent-with-a-purpose/1096741/0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526074830/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/patent-with-a-purpose/1096741/0 |archive-date=26 May 2013 |access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref>

Had Novartis won and had its patent issued, it could not have prevented generics companies in India from selling generic Gleevec, but it could have obliged them to pay a reasonable royalty under a grandfather clause included in India's patent law.<ref>Kevin Grogan for PharmaTimes. 27 February 2012 [http://www.pharmatimes.com/article/12-02-27/Novartis_explains_stance_over_India_patent_law_challenge.aspx Novartis explains stance over India patent law challenge] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141216001159/http://www.pharmatimes.com/article/12-02-27/Novartis_explains_stance_over_India_patent_law_challenge.aspx |date=16 December 2014 }}</ref><ref>Erklärung von Bern. 8 May 2007 [http://www.evb.ch/en/p25012749.html Short questions and answers about the court case initiated by Novartis in India] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021190810/http://www.evb.ch/en/p25012749.html |date=21 October 2013 }}</ref>

In reaction to the decision, Ranjit Shahani, vice-chairman and managing director of Novartis India Ltd was quoted as saying "This ruling is a setback for patients that will hinder medical progress for diseases without effective treatment options."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shift in Novartis Strategy, The Telegraph |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130402/jsp/business/story_16736700.jsp#.UV3-TcV49_M |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511194923/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1130402/jsp/business/story_16736700.jsp#.UV3-TcV49_M |archive-date=11 May 2013 |access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref> He also said that companies like Novartis would invest less money in research in India as a result of the ruling.<ref name=NYTimesIndiaDecision/> Novartis also emphasised that it continues to be committed to good access to its drugs; according to Novartis, by 2013, "95% of patients in India—roughly 16,000 people—receive Glivec free of charge... and it has provided more than $1.7&nbsp;billion worth of Glivec to Indian patients in its support program since it was started...."<ref name=WSJ />

===Sexual discrimination===
On 17 May 2010, a jury in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York awarded $3,367,250 in compensatory damages against Novartis, finding that the company had committed sexual discrimination against twelve female sales representatives and entry-level [[Social:Management|managers]] since 2002, in matters of pay, promotion, and treatment after learning that the employees were [[Medicine:Pregnancy|pregnant]]. Two months later the company settled with the remaining plaintiffs for $152.5&nbsp;million plus attorney fees.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Voris |first=Bob Van |date=14 July 2010 |title=Novartis Reaches $152.5 Million Sex-Bias Settlement |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/14/AR2010071405346.html |access-date=29 January 2021 |via=www.washingtonpost.com |archive-date=18 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518041449/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/14/AR2010071405346.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Marketing violations===
In September 2008, the US [[Organization:Food and Drug Administration|Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) sent a notice to Novartis Pharmaceuticals regarding its advertising of Focalin XR, an ADHD drug, in which the company overstated its efficacy while marketing to the public and medical professionals.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-09-25 |title=Focalin XR (dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride) extended-release capsules CII |url=https://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/2008/ucm1048118.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210144438/https://www.fda.gov/ICECI/EnforcementActions/WarningLetters/2008/ucm1048118.htm |archive-date=10 February 2012 |access-date=2009-08-05 |website=Warning Letters |publisher=[[Organization:Food and Drug Administration|US Food and Drug Administration]] |df=dmy}}</ref>

In 2005, federal prosecutors opened an investigation into Novartis' marketing of several drugs: Trileptal, an antiseizure drug; three drugs for heart conditions - Diovan (the company's top-selling product), Exforge, and Tekturna; Sandostatin, a drug to treat a growth hormone disorder; and Zelnorm, a drug for irritable bowel syndrome.<ref name=NYTtrileptal/> In September 2010, Novartis agreed to pay US$422.5&nbsp;million in criminal and civil claims and to enter into a corporate integrity agreement with the US Office of the Inspector General.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-09-30 |title=Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, a US subsidiary of Novartis AG, reaches settlement agreement with US Attorney's Office |url=http://www.novartis.com/newsroom/media-releases/en/2010/1448151.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017111251/http://www.novartis.com/newsroom/media-releases/en/2010/1448151.shtml |archive-date=17 October 2013 |access-date=2012-01-16 |publisher=Novartis |at=Media Releases |type=press release |df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to ''The New York Times'', "Federal prosecutors accused Novartis of paying illegal kickbacks to health care professionals through speaker programs, advisory boards, entertainment, travel and meals. But aside from pleading guilty to one misdemeanor charge of mislabeling in an agreement that Novartis announced in February, the company denied wrongdoing."<ref name="NYTtrileptal">{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Duff |date=2010-09-30 |title=Novartis Settles Off-Label Marketing Case |work={{wipe|The New York Times}} |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/01/health/policy/01novartis.html |access-date=2012-01-16 |archive-date=16 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116215913/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/01/health/policy/01novartis.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the same New York Times article, Frank Lichtenberg, a Columbia professor who receives pharmaceutical financing for research on innovation in the industry, said off-label prescribing was encouraged by the American Medical Association and paid for by insurers, but off-label marketing was clearly illegal. "So it's not surprising that they would settle because they don't have a legal leg to stand on."

In April 2013, federal prosecutors filed two lawsuits against Novartis under the False Claims Act for off-label marketing and kickbacks; in both suits, prosecutors are seeking treble damages.<ref name="NYTapril2013">{{Cite news |date=2013-04-26 |title=U.S. Sues Novartis Again, Accusing It of Kickbacks |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/business/us-files-2nd-suit-accusing-novartis-of-kickbacks-to-doctors.html?_r=0 |access-date=2013-04-27 |archive-date=5 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191005140435/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/business/us-files-2nd-suit-accusing-novartis-of-kickbacks-to-doctors.html?_r=0 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="DOJ2013">{{Cite web |date=2013-04-26 |title=United States Files Complaint Against Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp. for Allegedly Paying Kickbacks to Doctors in Exchange for Prescribing Its Drugs |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2013/April/13-civ-481.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413062711/http://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2013/April/13-civ-481.html |archive-date=2014-04-13 |access-date=2013-04-26 |publisher=The United States Department of Justice}}</ref> The first suit "accused Novartis of inducing pharmacies to switch thousands of kidney transplant patients to its immunosuppressant drug Myfortic in exchange for kickbacks disguised as rebates and discounts".<ref name=NYTapril2013/> In the second, the Justice Department joined a ''qui tam'', or whistleblower, lawsuit brought by a former sales rep over off-label marketing of three drugs: Lotrel and Valturna (both [[Medicine:Hypertension|hypertension]] drugs), and the diabetes drug, Starlix.<ref name=DOJ2013/> Twenty-seven states, the District of Columbia and Chicago and New York also joined.<ref name=NYTapril2013/>

===Avastin===
Outside the US, Novartis markets the drug [[Chemistry:Ranibizumab|ranibizumab]] (trade name Lucentis), which is a [[Biology:Monoclonal antibody|monoclonal antibody]] fragment derived from the same parent mouse antibody as [[Chemistry:Bevacizumab|bevacizumab]] (Avastin). Both Avastin and Lucentis were created by [[Company:Genentech|Genentech]] which is owned by Roche; Roche markets Avastin worldwide, and also markets Lucentis in the US. Lucentis has been approved worldwide as a treatment for wet [[Medicine:Macular degeneration|macular degeneration]] and other retinal disorders; Avastin is used to treat certain cancers. Because the price of Lucentis is much higher than Avastin, many ophthalmologists began having compounding pharmacies formulate Avastin for administration to the eye and began treating their patients with Avastin.<ref>Andrew Pollack for ''The New York Times''. 28 April 2011 [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/29/business/29eye.html?_r=0 Cheaper Drug to Treat Eye Disease Is Effective] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916202106/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/29/business/29eye.html?_r=0 |date=16 September 2018 }}</ref> In 2011, four trusts of the National Health Service in the UK issued policies approving use and payment for administering Avastin for macular degeneration, in order to save money, even though Avastin had not been approved for that indication.<ref name="BBClucentis">{{Cite news |last=Jeffreys |first=Branwen |date=2012-05-06 |title=Using Avastin for eye condition wet AMD 'could save NHS £84m' |publisher=bbc.com |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-17956425 |url-status=live |access-date=2012-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106060449/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-17956425 |archive-date=2013-11-06}}</ref> In April 2012, after failing to persuade the trusts that it was uncertain whether Avastin was as safe and effective as Lucentis, and in order to retain the market for Lucentis, Novartis announced it would sue the trusts.<ref name=BBClucentis/><ref name="copleyreuters2012">{{Citation |last1=Copley |first1=Caroline |title=Novartis challenges UK Avastin use in eye disease |date=24 April 2012 |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-novartis-britain-idUSBRE83N0GM20120424 |df=dmy |editor-last=Potter, Mark |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522203804/https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/24/us-novartis-britain-idUSBRE83N0GM20120424 |publisher=Reuters |access-date=2012-04-29 |archive-date=22 May 2013 |last2=Hirschler |first2=Ben |url-status=live}}</ref> However, in July Novartis offered significant discounts (kept confidential) to the trusts, and the trusts agreed to change their policy,<ref>Ben Adams for Pharmafile. 26 July 2012 [http://www.pharmafile.com/news/173606/lucentis-price-cut-ends-pct-novartis-dispute Lucentis price cut ends PCT-Novartis dispute] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019124934/http://www.pharmafile.com/news/173606/lucentis-price-cut-ends-pct-novartis-dispute |date=19 October 2013 }}</ref> and in November, Novartis dropped the litigation.<ref>Ben Adams for Pharma Times. 3 October 2012. [http://www.pharmatimes.com/Article/12-10-03/Novartis_to_drop_legal_case_against_NHS_body.aspx Novartis to drop legal case against NHS body] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019132110/http://www.pharmatimes.com/Article/12-10-03/Novartis_to_drop_legal_case_against_NHS_body.aspx |date=19 October 2013 }}</ref>

===Valsartan===
In the summer of 2013, two Japanese universities retracted several publications of clinical trials that purported to show that [[Chemistry:Valsartan|Valsartan]] (branded as Diovan) had cardiovascular benefits, when it was found that statistical analysis had been manipulated, and that a Novartis employee had participated in the statistical analysis but had not disclosed his relationship with Novartis but only his affiliation with Osaka City University, where he was a lecturer.<ref name="WSJaug">Kana Inagaki for ''The Wall Street Journal''. 11 August 2013 [https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323838204579000403952581982 Novartis Hit by Scandal Over Japanese Drug Studies: Probes Uncover Altered Research Data; Swiss Giant Stands by Heart Medicine Diovan] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013192537/http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323838204579000403952581982 |date=13 October 2013 }}</ref>
<ref>Kana Inagaki for ''The Wall Street Journal''. 12 August 2013. [https://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2013/08/12/novartis-drug-studies-in-japan-tracing-back-the-questions/ Novartis Drug Studies in Japan–Tracing Back the Questions] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018005314/https://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2013/08/12/novartis-drug-studies-in-japan-tracing-back-the-questions/ |date=18 October 2013 }}</ref> As a result, several Japanese hospitals stopped using the drug, and media outlets ran reports on the scandal in Japan.<ref name=WSJaug/> In January 2014 Japan's Health Ministry filed a criminal complaint with the [[Place:Tokyo|Tokyo]] public prosecutor's office against Novartis and an unspecified number of employees, for allegedly misleading consumers through advertisements that used the research to support the benefits of Diovan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 January 2014 |title=Japan Criminal Probe Could Spell More Trouble for Novartis |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303933104579307443220022558 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302153955/http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303933104579307443220022558 |archive-date=2014-03-02}}</ref> On 1 July 2014 the prosecutor's office announced it was formally charging the company and one of its employees.<ref name="NovartisJapan">{{Cite news |title=Data manipulation by staff gets Novartis into legal mess in Japan |publisher=Japan Herald |url=http://www.japanherald.com/index.php/sid/223435459/scat/c4f2dd8ca8c78044/ht/Data-manipulation-by-staff-gets-Novartis-into-legal-mess-in-Japan |url-status=dead |access-date=2014-07-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829181210/http://www.japanherald.com/index.php/sid/223435459/scat/c4f2dd8ca8c78044/ht/Data-manipulation-by-staff-gets-Novartis-into-legal-mess-in-Japan |archive-date=29 August 2014 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Corruption===
In January 2018, Novartis began being investigated by US and Greek authorities for allegedly bribing Greek public officials in the 2006-2015 period, in a scheme which included two former prime ministers, several former health ministers, many high ranking party members of the Nea Dimokratia and PASOK ruling parties, as well as bankers.<ref name="greece.greekreporter.com">{{Cite web |title=Greek Officials Hit Back at Novartis Bribery Allegations {{!}} GreekReporter.com |url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2018/02/06/greek-officials-hit-back-at-novartis-bribery-allegations/ |access-date=2018-02-07 |website=greece.greekreporter.com |date=6 February 2018 |archive-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101105708/https://greece.greekreporter.com/2018/02/06/greek-officials-hit-back-at-novartis-bribery-allegations/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The manager of Novartis' Greek branch was prohibited from leaving the country.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Greek officials ban Novartis manager from leaving the country amid widening bribery probe: report {{!}} FiercePharma |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/legal/greek-officials-ban-novartis-manager-from-leaving-country-amid-widening-bribery-probe-report |access-date=2018-02-07 |website=www.fiercepharma.com |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109030126/https://www.fiercepharma.com/legal/greek-officials-ban-novartis-manager-from-leaving-country-amid-widening-bribery-probe-report |url-status=live }}</ref> The minister's deputy described the allegations as "the biggest scandal since the creation of the Greek state", which caused "annual state expenditure on medicine to explode".<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-02-05 |title=Greek Govt Alleges Official Ties to Drug Bribery Scandal |work=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/02/05/world/europe/ap-eu-greece-pharma-scandal.html |access-date=2018-02-07 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=16 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116220159/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/02/05/world/europe/ap-eu-greece-pharma-scandal.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Most of the ministers involved in the scandal have denied the allegations and sought to paint the case as "political targeting" and "fabrication" by the [[Social:Syriza|Syriza]] opposition party.<ref name="greece.greekreporter.com" /> However, the Greek Judicial Council ruled that the scandal was real.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ν. Ηλιόπουλος: Και με τη βούλα της Δικαιοσύνης υπαρκτό το σκάνδαλο Novartis|url=https://www.capital.gr/politiki/3644684/n-iliopoulos-kai-me-ti-boula-tis-dikaiosunis-uparkto-to-skandalo-novartis|access-date=27 July 2022 |website=capital.gr }}</ref> Besides bribery that involves artificial increases in the price of several medicines, the case also involves money laundering, with suspicions of "illegal funds of more than four billion euros ($4.2 billion)" were involved.<ref>{{Cite web |last=(http://www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche Welle |title=Novartis under investigation for bribery in Greece {{!}} Europe{{!}} News and current affairs from around the continent {{!}} DW {{!}} 22.01.2017 |url=http://www.dw.com/en/novartis-under-investigation-for-bribery-in-greece/a-37230558 |access-date=2018-02-07 |website=DW.COM |archive-date=12 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112035506/https://www.dw.com/en/novartis-under-investigation-for-bribery-in-greece/a-37230558 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In June 2020, Novartis reached settlements with the US Department of Justice (DOJ) and the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) resolving all Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) investigations into historical conduct by the company and its subsidiaries. As part of the resolutions, Novartis and some of its current and former subsidiaries would pay US$233.9 million to the DOJ and US$112.8 million to the SEC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEC.gov {{!}} SEC Charges Novartis AG with FCPA Violations |url=https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-144 |access-date=2020-06-25 |website=www.sec.gov |archive-date=18 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118142324/https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2020-144 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-25 |title=Novartis Hellas S.A.C.I. and Alcon Pte Ltd Agree to Pay over $233 Million Combined to Resolve Criminal FCPA Cases |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/novartis-hellas-saci-and-alcon-pte-ltd-agree-pay-over-233-million-combined-resolve-criminal |access-date=2020-06-25 |website=www.justice.gov |language=en |archive-date=13 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113193734/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/novartis-hellas-saci-and-alcon-pte-ltd-agree-pay-over-233-million-combined-resolve-criminal |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Michael Cohen===
[[File:REPORT White House Access for Sale Michael Cohen and Novartis.pdf|thumb|upright|Senate Finance Committee report on Michael Cohen's dealings with Novartis entitled "White House Access for Sale"]]
Novartis paid $1.2 million to Essential Consultants, an entity owned by Michael Cohen, following the 2017 inauguration of Donald Trump. Cohen was paid monthly, with each payment just under $100,000. Novartis claims it paid Cohen to help it understand and influence the new administration's approach to drug pricing and regulation.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Novartis admits $1.2m in payments to Trump lawyer |work=[[Social:Financial Times|Financial Times]] |url=https://www.ft.com/content/61e2cca8-5363-11e8-b3ee-41e0209208ec |access-date=2018-05-10 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109004049/https://www.ft.com/content/61e2cca8-5363-11e8-b3ee-41e0209208ec |url-status=live }}</ref>

In July 2018, the US Senate committee report "White House Access for Sale" revealed that Novartis Ag's relationship with Cohen was "longer and more detailed". Novartis initially stated that the relationship ceased a month after entering the US$1.2 million contract with Cohen's consulting firm since the consultants were not able to provide the information the pharmaceutical company needed. Later, it became clear, however, that then-CEO Joseph Jimenez and Cohen communicated via email multiple times during 2017, which included ideas to lower drug prices to be discussed with the president. According to the report, several of the ideas appeared later in Trump's drug pricing plan, released in early 2018, in which pharmaceutical companies were protected from reduced revenues.<ref>Emma Court (16 July 2018.) [https://www.marketwatch.com/story/novartis-had-longer-and-more-detailed-relationship-with-trump-lawyer-michael-cohen-senate-report-finds-2018-07-13 Novartis had 'longer and more detailed' relationship with Trump lawyer Michael Cohen, Senate report finds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115035934/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/novartis-had-longer-and-more-detailed-relationship-with-trump-lawyer-michael-cohen-senate-report-finds-2018-07-13 |date=15 November 2020 }}. ''MarketWatch''. Retrieved 21 August 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/REPORT%20White%20House%20Access%20for%20Sale%20Michael%20Cohen%20and%20Novartis.pdf White House Access for Sale: Michael Cohen, Novartis and the bid to sell access to the Trump administration] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113040406/https://www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/REPORT |date=13 November 2020 }}. Retrieved 21 August 2018.</ref>

=== AveXis data integrity ===
Having already received approval for Zolgensma in May 2019, on June 28 AveXis (a Novartis company) voluntarily disclosed to the FDA that some data previously submitted to the agency as part of the Biologics License Application (BLA) package was inaccurate. Specifically, the data manipulation related to an ''in vivo'' murine potency assay used in the early development of the product but the issue the FDA and wider community has taken is that AveXis was aware of the data manipulation as early as 14 March 2019, almost two months before the BLA was approved. To compound the problem in early August it emerged a senior manager sold almost $1 million worth of stock immediately before the FDA probe became public on August 6, but after the company had informed the FDA of the problem. As of September 2019, the FDA was still preparing its response to the scandal. {{citation needed|date=January 2021}}

==Philanthropy==
===Fight against Leprosy===

Novartis has been committed for decades to eliminate [[Medicine:Leprosy|Leprosy]] by providing free, multidrug therapy to all endemic countries since 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leprosy |url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leprosy |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=www.who.int |language=en |archive-date=31 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131105038/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leprosy |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO {{!}} WHO and Novartis extend agreement to treat millions of leprosy patients with free medicines |url=http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/news/WHO_Novartis_agreement_to_treat_leprosy_patients/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151019071648/http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/news/WHO_Novartis_agreement_to_treat_leprosy_patients/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=19 October 2015 |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=WHO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHO {{!}} New Memorandum of Understanding for MDT |url=https://www.who.int/lep/resources/press_releases/en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011061238/http://www.who.int/lep/resources/press_releases/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 October 2014 |access-date=2021-01-19 |website=WHO}}</ref>

==See also==
* List of pharmaceutical companies
* Pharmaceutical industry in Switzerland

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Cite web |last1=Kirkland |first1=Rik |last2=Jimenez |first2=Joseph |date=June 2015 |title=Novartis on digitizing medicine in an aging world |url=http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/leading_in_the_21st_century/novartis_on_digitizing_medicine_in_an_aging_world |access-date=2015-08-16 |website=Insights & Publications |publisher=McKinsey & Company |type=Interview}}

==External links==
*{{Finance links
| symbol = NVS
| sec_cik = NVS
| google = NYSE:NVS
| yahoo = NVS
| bloomberg = NVS:US
| reuters = NVS
| nasdaq = NVS
}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Novartis}}
[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Vaccine producers]]

{{Sourceattribution|Novartis}}