View source for Earth:Emperor of China (volcano)

{{short description|Submarine volcano in the western part of the Banda Sea, Indonesia}}
{{Infobox Seamount 
| name=Emperor of China 
| map= {{Location map|Indonesia Maluku |lat=-6.62|long=124.22 |width=300 |float=center|label= |caption= |mark=Wallpaper group diagram legend rotation3.svg |marksize=16 |background=infobox}}
| depth= {{Convert|2850|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}
| height= 
| Summit = 
| location=Banda Sea
| group=
| coordinates ={{coord|6|37|S|124|13|E|type:mountain |display=inline,title}}
| country =Indonesia
| type=[[Earth:Submarine volcano|Submarine volcano]]?
| volcanic_group=
| age=
| last_eruption= 1927?
| discovered=
| discovered_by=
| first_visit=
| photo=
| photo_caption = 
}}

'''Emperor of China''' is a [[Earth:Submarine volcano|submarine volcano]] in the western part of the Banda Sea, Indonesia.  This volcano is part of a chain with Nieuwerkerk volcano, known scientifically as the ''Emperor of China&ndash;Nieuwkerk'' (NEC) ridge, the depth of which is ranging from 3,100&ndash;2,700&nbsp;metres (10,170&ndash;8,858&nbsp;ft).<ref name="nec">{{cite journal |title= A Neogene back-arc origin for the Banda Sea basins: geochemical and geochronological constraints from the Banda ridges (East Indonesia) |journal=Tectonophysics |volume=298 |issue=4|year=1998 |pages=297&ndash;317 |doi= 10.1016/S0040-1951(98)00190-5 |author1=Christian Honthaas |author2=Jean-Pierre Réhault |author3=René C. Maury |author4=Hervé Bellon |author5=Christophe Hémond |author6=Jacques-André Malod |author7=Jean-Jacques Cornée |author8=Michel Villeneuve |author9=Joseph Cotten |author10=Safri Burhanuddin |author11=Hervé Guillou |author12=Nicolas Arnaud |bibcode=1998Tectp.298..297H}}</ref>

The NEC ridge is lying on Damar Basin, a sea basin of which has 1&ndash;2&nbsp;km Pliocene–[[Earth:Quaternary|Quaternary]] sediment thickness and is topologically flat.<ref name="nec"/> Damar Basin is located in Banda Sea, which is bounded by [[Earth:Sunda Arc|East Sunda]] and [[Earth:Banda Arc|Banda]] volcanic arcs within the area of three major plates, namely [[Earth:Eurasian Plate|Eurasian]], [[Earth:Pacific Plate|Pacific]] and [[Earth:Indo-Australian Plate|Indo-Australian]] plates; all of the three plates have been actively converging since [[Earth:Mesozoic|Mesozoic]] times.

The two submarine volcanoes (the Emperor of China and Nieuwerkerk) are located at both ends of the NEC ridge, and they were [[Earth:Active volcano|active]]. Based on the geological and geochemical study, Emperor of China, Nieuwekerk, another ridge in the Banda Sea called Lucipara, and the Wetar segment were a single [[Earth:Volcanic arc|volcanic arc]] around 8&ndash;7 Ma ago.<ref name="nec"/> The volcanic activity was related to the subduction of the [[Earth:Indian Ocean|Indian oceanic]] [[Earth:Lithosphere|lithosphere]] beneath the [[Earth:Australian Plate|Australia continental]] block. From a survey conducted in 1979, both Emperor of China and Nieuwerkerk have been defined as extinct based on their structural settings and their age, which is stated that the volcanic activity was estimated stopped after 7 Ma ago.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Hamilton, W. |year=1979| title=Tectonics of the Indonesian Region| journal=U.S. Geological Survey| issue=1078| pages=345}}</ref> The end of magmatic activity in the NEC ridge at 3 Ma is thought of as the result from the collision of Timor and the Wetar segment of the [[Earth:Sunda Arc|Sunda Arc]].<ref name="nec"/>

== See also ==
* List of volcanoes in Indonesia

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Active volcanoes|Emperor of China]]

{{Sourceattribution|Emperor of China (volcano)}}