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'''''Penn & Teller: Bullshit!''''' is an American documentary television series that aired from 2003 to 2010 on the premium cable channel Showtime.

== Overview ==
''Penn & Teller: Bullshit!'' was hosted by professional magicians and skeptics Penn & Teller. Its format consisted of debating political topics, usually from a [[Philosophy:Naturalism|naturalist]] libertarian [[Social:Capitalism|capitalist]] point of view (the political philosophy espoused by both Penn and Teller)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.libertarianism.com/pop_celebrity/penn-and-teller |title=Penn and Teller |publisher=Libertarianism |accessdate=19 August 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528040406/http://www.libertarianism.com/pop_celebrity/penn-and-teller |archivedate=28 May 2010 |df= }}</ref> or aiming to [[Unsolved:Debunker|debunk]] pseudoscientific ideas, [[Unsolved:Paranormal|paranormal]] beliefs, popular fads and misconceptions. The hosts criticize proponents of what they perceive as nonsense and dishonesty, often citing ulterior political or financial motives. In the first episode, Penn said the aim of the show is to "hunt down as many purveyors of bullshit as [they] can."<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDDblD_9nO0 "Penn & Teller: Bullshit - Season 1 - Ep 1: Talking to the Dead", from Penn&TellerBullshit's YouTube channel]</ref> As indicated by the show's title, the program adheres to Penn & Teller's characteristically blunt, aggressive presentation. The show was nominated for eleven Emmy Awards.

At the beginning of the first episode of the first season Penn points out that the series will contain more obscenity and profanity than one would expect in a series dealing with scientific and critical inquiry, but explained that this was a legal tactic because, "if one calls people liars and quacks one can be sued... but 'assholes' is pretty safe. If we said it was all scams we could also be in trouble, but 'bullshit,' oddly, is safe. So forgive all the 'bullshit language', but we're trying to talk about the truth without spending the rest of our lives in court."<ref name="BS-TalkDead">{{cite episode |title=Talking to the Dead |series=Bullshit! |credits=Penn Jillette, Teller |network=Showtime |airdate=2003-01-24 |season=1 |number=1}}</ref>

Paranormal subjects of episodes include alien abduction, [[Medicine:Alternative medicine|alternative medicine]], literal exegesis of the Bible, and ESP. Other episodes cover social issues such as the War on Drugs, organic food, [[Philosophy:Animal rights|animal rights]], gun control, and [[Biology:Environmentalism|environmentalism]]. Penn & Teller approach the topics in the manner of Harry Houdini and [[Biography:James Randi|James Randi]] (who has appeared more than once on the show), who are known for debunking claims of supernatural powers.<ref name="Riverdeep">{{cite web |date=November 29, 2000 |url=http://www.riverdeep.net/current/2000/11/112900_magic.jhtml |title=Now You See It |publisher=Riverdeep.net |accessdate=2006-07-21}}</ref>

The show began airing its eighth and final season on June 10, 2010. As of its seventh season, it was Showtime's longest-running series.<ref>[http://www.amateurscientist.org/2009/07/inside-amateur-scientist-studio-michael.html The Amateur Scientist: Inside the Amateur Scientist Studio: Michael Goudeau]{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714025241/http://www.amateurscientist.org/2009/07/inside-amateur-scientist-studio-michael.html |date=July 14, 2009 }}</ref> The series achieved worldwide success, and was shown in countries including Argentina, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Republic of Ireland, Sweden, Venezuela and the United Kingdom.

== Episodes ==
The series premiered on January 24, 2003, and 89 episodes aired over the course of the series in the span of 8 seasons, concluding on August 12, 2010.

== Show format ==
In each episode, Penn and Teller debunk a chosen misconception such as [[Biology:Cryptozoology|cryptozoology]], debate a controversial topic like gun control, or "expose the truths" of an organization like PETA. Sometimes their objective is not to completely dismiss the topic at hand but to decry certain aspects of the topic that they believe to be pernicious, misleading, unnecessary, or overemphasized. For example, in the case of college they argue that while college is a great place to learn, drink beer or train for a career, the concept of diversity is bullshit when used as an excuse to restrict free speech or selectively recruit to fill quotas. Or that "the casual asshole, or just plain dickhead, might do well in an anger management program" but teaching people they can relieve anger through attacking or screaming at inanimate objects is bullshit, since this "venting" (as it's called in the industry) by an angry person in a social situation will lead to violence.

Proponents of the topic make their case in interviews; however, they often end up appearing fallacious or self-contradicting. For example, in "Safety Hysteria", a manufacturer of "radiation guards" for mobile phones admits that there is no proven link between [[Biology:Mobile phone radiation and health|mobile phone radiation]] and brain cancer, but assures viewers that "you can't be ''too'' safe" (mobile phones use conventional radio waves for communication, which are [[Physics:Non-ionizing radiation|non-ionizing radiation]]). When he states his background is in advertising, not medical science, it is implied that he knows his product is useless but exploits people's fears to turn a profit.<ref name="BS-SafetyHysteria">{{cite episode |title=Safety Hysteria |series=Bullshit! |credits=Penn Jillette, Teller |network=Showtime |airdate=2004-04-08 |season=2 |number=2}}</ref> A second consecutive interview with another proponent is often started with the phrase: "And then there's ''this'' asshole..."

Penn Jillette has stated that those being interviewed know what show the interview is for and its purpose. One episode shows a video crew from the show going into a building to perform an interview, and Jillette points out that a member of the crew is wearing a ''Penn & Teller: Bullshit!'' baseball cap.<ref name="BS-Environmental Hysteria">{{cite episode |title=Environmental Hysteria |series=Bullshit! |credits=Penn Jillette, Teller |network=Showtime |airdate=2003-04-18 |season=1 |number=13}}</ref> Opponents are then interviewed and they offer rebuttals to the proponents' arguments. These are usually experts, celebrities, or sometimes speakers from the [[Organization:Center for Inquiry|Center for Inquiry]], the [[Biography:James Randi|James Randi]] Educational Foundation, or the Cato Institute.<ref name="BS-Environmental Hysteria"/>

Penn and Teller often conduct informal experiments. For example, in the episode "Bottled Water", diners in an upscale restaurant are presented with a variety of apparently fancy bottled water brands. After the diners praise and pick a favorite, it is revealed that each bottle was filled by the same garden hose behind the restaurant.<ref name="BS-BottledWater">{{cite episode |title=Bottled Water |series=Bullshit! |credits=Penn Jillette, Teller |network=Showtime |airdate=2003-03-07 |season=1 |number=7}}</ref> In one of their more serious experiments during the "Conspiracy Theories" episode, Teller fires a rifle at a melon wrapped in one-inch fiberglass tape to demonstrate that when a human head is shot, it is likely to be forced in the direction opposite to the bullet's trajectory. This demonstration was aimed at discrediting a John F. Kennedy conspiracy theory that points out that the fatal gunshot rocked Kennedy toward the shot through the use of simple principles of physics (i.e., "back and to the left", the fallacious belief that a shot from behind would cause a head to jerk forward is used as evidence that JFK must have been shot from the grassy knoll, in front of the vehicle). Penn and Teller look over the scene of the aftermath of the experiment to which Penn comments, "Second gunman my aching ass..."<ref name="BS-Conspiracy">{{cite episode |title=Conspiracy Theories |series=Bullshit! |credits=Penn Jillette, Teller |network=Showtime |airdate=2005-05-09 |season=3 |number=3}}</ref>

Penn and Teller often have skits and stunts performed with them on set or use stock footage to combine reasonable arguments with straightforward, entertaining ridicule. For example, the "Sex, Sex, Sex" episode may be satirizing the media's obsession with sex appeal by having the hosts constantly surrounded by naked actors and actresses.<ref name="BS-SexSexSex">{{cite episode |title=Sex, Sex, Sex |series=Bullshit! |credits=Penn Jillette, Teller |network=Showtime |airdate=2003-02-28 |season=1 |number=6}}</ref> Penn and Teller often close episodes with an impassioned ethical plea against whatever they are debunking, summarizing how this particular belief is harmful and should be resisted. The presenters distinguish between believers (often explaining that Penn and Teller themselves would like to believe these things are true, and showing compassion to the people who do think the things are true) and those they see as charlatans out for money or to advance a political agenda, at whom their anger is directed. For example, in their premiere episode, they debunk the idea that psychics can talk to the dead. While expressing the utmost sympathy towards people who are desperate for a chance to speak to a loved one who has died, they explain that charlatans take advantage of this love to get money from people, and deliver false messages that have nothing to do with the genuine character of the departed.

== Cancellation ==
During the October 31, 2010, episode of Penn Point,<ref name="Revision3.com">{{cite web|url=http://revision3.com/pennpoint/look |title=Do you know you are being watched? - Penn Point |publisher=Revision3.com |date= |accessdate=2011-11-12}}</ref> Penn alluded that ''Bullshit!'' is no longer on Showtime, saying "it's where ''Penn & Teller's Bullshit!'' used to be", while referring to Showtime.<ref name="Revision3.com"/>

In an interview published November 3, 2010, by the ''Atlantic City Weekly'', Teller states, "We are in the process of making a decision to continue with Showtime or move on to a new show on Discovery Channel."<ref name="AtlanticCityWeekly">{{cite web |date=November 3, 2010 |url=http://www.atlanticcityweekly.com/news-and-views/cover-story/No-Bullshit-Penn-and-Teller-106638604.html |title=No 'Bullshit' for Penn & Teller |work=Atlantic City Weekly |accessdate=2010-11-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123163614/http://www.atlanticcityweekly.com/news-and-views/cover-story/No-Bullshit-Penn-and-Teller-106638604.html |archivedate=November 23, 2010 |df= }}</ref> In April 2011, Jillette announced on Twitter that ''Bullshit!'' had ended and the duo would indeed appear in a new Discovery Channel series, originally titled ''Penn & Teller: Secrets of the Universe''<ref name=PennTwitterUniverse>{{cite web|title=Twitter post|last=Jillette|first=Penn|url=https://twitter.com/pennjillette/status/58600147579449344|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=15 April 2011|quote=We are in NYC to announce "Penn & Teller: Secrets of the Universe" on The Discovery Channel. We'll tell the truth & we'll lie. No Bullshit.}}</ref> but ultimately airing as ''Penn & Teller Tell a Lie''.<ref name=PennTwitterRenamed>{{cite web |title=Twitter post |last=Jillette|first=Penn|url=https://twitter.com/pennjillette/status/76677729348628480|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=5 June 2011|quote=It's now called 'Tell a Lie', and it seemed pretty good.}}</ref> On the July 21, 2013 episode of Penn Jillette's podcast show ''Penn's Sunday School'', he mentioned he would like to bring ''Bullshit!'' back, as he felt it was more important than ever, but Showtime's new management wanted a clean break and HBO would not associate with a previous Showtime show. He suggested Netflix as a possible return platform.<ref name=BananaSlug>{{cite podcast
| url=https://soundcloud.com/ribbit-starr/74-which-is-more-disgusting?in=ribbit-starr/sets/penns-sunday-school-episodes-2|title=Which Is More Disgusting, Penn Sleeping or a Banana Slug?|website=https://soundcloud.com/|host=Penn Jillette (from 1:30:00 to 1:31:00)|date=25 July 2013| accessdate=9 September 2013}}</ref>

== Title ==
Since the show's title contains an obscenity (by common standards in the United States), the series is often listed in newspaper television listings there under the alternate title ''B.S.'' Some printings of the show's DVD releases also carry this alternate title. Dish Network and DirecTV list the show as ''Penn & Teller: Bulls...!'' Comcast Digital Cable lists the show as "Penn & Teller: Bull!" [[Company:Netflix|Netflix]] lists it as "Penn & Teller: Bullsh*t", while the iTunes Store lists "Penn & Teller: BS" (though one of its graphic icons for it has "BULL SH T" with Teller standing about where the I should be). This bowdlerization makes searching difficult. On Netflix, typing "bullshit" in the search box results in ''Bullitt'' as the top result, while doing the same in iTunes gives various songs with the word in their title (rendered as "B******t" but searchable by the complete word). Neither returns the Penn & Teller program in its results for this query.

In the "Profanity" episode, Penn tells the viewers that the planned title for ''Bullshit!'' was ''Humbug!'' This, Penn goes on to say, relates their skepticism (and TV show) to Harry Houdini's reactions to the popular misconceptions of his day; but the idea was scrapped because ''humbug'' had less of an impact than the more profane, more informal word, ''bullshit''. It is also discussed during the profanity episode that ''humbug'' was considered as profane at one time as ''bullshit'' today. During that same episode, Penn and Teller themselves did not use any profanity, even changing the name of the show to ''Humbug!'' for that episode. At one point, Penn suggests the use of the phrase ''Jesus Christ!'' by a non-Christian is not profanity, but as Teller apparently drops a bowling ball on his foot just as he mentions the phrase, his yelling of the expression makes its use ambiguous. (See Wikiquote's transcription of the quote.)

When discussing ''Bullshit!'' on his radio show, Penn either broke the word in half, usually with a clap and a slight pause (''Bulls''[Clap]''Hit''), or change it to ''Bullshot''. He frequently referred to how Criss Angel's show ''Mind Freak'' had "the perfect title, everyone knows what you mean and you can advertise", which they could not. On an episode of the public radio program ''Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!'', Penn referred to the show as ''Bushlit''.

==Proposed topics==
Plans to make an episode focusing on [[Unsolved:Scientology|Scientology]] were believed to have been rejected by Showtime executives to avoid provoking legal action by the [[Organization:Church of Scientology|Church of Scientology]], though Penn later revealed on his radio show that this was not true, commenting that he has slight interest in dealing with Scientologists despite being critical of their practices. Matt Stone and Trey Parker, friends of Penn and Teller, were motivated by this to create their own long-planned, controversial ''South Park'' episode lampooning Scientology, "Trapped in the Closet".<ref name="wenn">{{cite news |url=http://uk.news.yahoo.com/31012006/364/hayes-kept-south-park-creators-scientology.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924181428/http://uk.news.yahoo.com/31012006/364/hayes-kept-south-park-creators-scientology.html |archivedate=2006-09-24 |title=Hayes kept South Park creators away from Scientology |publisher=World Entertainment News Network (via Yahoo News UK) |date=January 31, 2006 |accessdate=2006-09-14}}</ref> Another planned episode on [[Engineering:Airport security|airport security]] has been rejected from every season's topic list: "It turns out, to shoot anything on airport security, you are violating federal law. You're not allowed to shoot anything there," said Penn.<ref name="canmag">{{cite news |url=http://www.canmag.com/nw/6302-jillette-bullshit-season-5 |title=Penn Jillette on Bullshit Season Five |work=CanMag |publisher=Minds Eye One |date=January 5, 2007 |accessdate=2007-05-22}}</ref> He has done radio, film and print regarding airport security, but has been unsuccessful adapting it for television.

During a Q&A session at The Amaz!ng Meeting of 2005, as Penn described the upcoming season, he said that the episode about conspiracy theories did not cover Holocaust denial, since it should have its own episode.

==Libertarianism==
In addition to paranormal and pseudo-scientific claims, Penn & Teller take a skeptical view of government authority.<ref name="Shermer">{{cite web |last=Shermer |first=Michael |date=May 22, 2009 |url=http://media.libsyn.com/media/pointofinquiry/POI_2009_05_22_Michael_Shermer.mp3 |title=Michael Shermer - Science, Skepticism and Libertarianism |work=Point of Inquiry |accessdate=2010-01-29}}</ref> In various episodes of their show, they have heavily criticized both the Internal Revenue Service and the Environmental Protection Agency, as well as taken stances against regulations or prohibitions on things such as: guns, drugs, tobacco, prostitution, nuclear energy, nudity, and profanity. Penn & Teller are both H. L. Mencken research fellows with the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank.<ref name="CatoPenn">{{cite web |url=http://www.cato.org/people/penn-jillette |title=Cato Institute fellow's page: Penn Jillette |accessdate=2010-01-29}}</ref><ref name="CatoTeller">{{cite web |url=http://www.cato.org/people/-teller |title=Cato Institute fellow's page: Teller |accessdate=2010-01-29}}</ref>

==Criticism==
In the episode "Family Values", Penn acknowledged his and Teller's biases, saying, "We're fair and we never take people out of context. We're biased, but we try to be honest."<ref name="BS-FamilyValues">{{cite episode |title=Family Values |series=Bullshit! |credits=Penn Jillette, Teller |network=Showtime |airdate=2005-05-02 |season=3 |number=2}}</ref> Still, Dennis Cass of ''Slate'' magazine has criticized the duo for resorting to the same sensationalism as their targets, stating in a review of the series, "One of the unwritten rules for winning an argument against an inflammatory, irrational opponent is to calmly adhere to a loftier set of rhetorical standards. Penn and Teller showily throw this notion into the trash."<ref name="Slate">{{cite web |last=Cass |first=Dennis |date=April 1, 2004 |url=http://www.slate.com/id/2098134 |title=Masters of Disillusionment |work=Slate |accessdate=2006-07-21}}</ref>

Noel Murray, in an otherwise favorable review in ''The Onion A.V. Club'', opined that Penn & Teller, despite being skeptics, are not dedicated to fact-based debunking or [[Philosophy:Inquiry|inquiry]] [[Software:Data retrieval|data retrieval]], commenting:

{{Cquote|<i>Bullshit!</i> isn't journalism, exactly. The show is one-sided by design: P&T's field interviewers rarely confront their subjects with the evidence against them, preferring to let the crackpots ramble on so that Jillette's voice-over rejoinders can score points without inciting a real argument.<ref name="Onion">{{cite web |last=Murray |first=Noel |date=April 12, 2004 |url=http://www.avclub.com/articles/penn-teller-bullshit,11495 |title=Penn & Teller: Bullshit! |work=The Onion |accessdate=2006-07-22}}</ref>}}

At ''The Amaz!ng Meeting 3'' Penn and Teller were asked about the evidence for their secondhand smoke episode being faulty. Penn Jillette, with Teller sitting at his side, said "What we talked about during the show was where the stuff was there", meaning that he was using the data that the government had when they instituted the ban, then said regarding this episode they were "very likely" wrong. Penn went on to describe "a new study that came out of England, just recently, that seems to have more stuff about it" and "right now, as I sit here, there probably ''is'' danger in secondhand smoke". He went on to say that this was a small portion of the program, and their main point was their opposition to "outlawing" smoking in privately owned businesses, which they still "stand behind 100%".<ref name="secondhand">{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s8yqj3EL7A |title=Secondhand Smoke Correction by Penn and Teller (On Their Previous Episode of BS) |accessdate=2012-07-02}}</ref>

Robert Todd Carroll, author of ''The Skeptic's Dictionary'', originally sided with the show's conclusion that there was no link between secondhand smoke and cancer. But Carroll changed his conclusions after further investigation into the studies. Carroll concluded that the studies were biased, and consequently decided that secondhand smoke does have negative effects on people.<ref name="Carroll">{{cite web |last=Carroll |first=Robert Todd |date=November 2, 2005 |url=http://skepdic.com/news/newsletter61.html#4 |title=Mea Culpa: secondhand smoke and the politics of science |work=Newsletter 61 |publisher=The Skeptic's Dictionary |accessdate=2006-07-21}}</ref>

During an interview on the January 31, 2007, episode of ''The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe'', Teller claimed that the final episode of the show would be about "the bullshit of Bullshit!" and would detail all the criticisms that they themselves had of the show;<ref name="Guide">{{cite web |url=http://www.theskepticsguide.org/archive/podcastinfo.aspx?mid=1&pid=80 |title=The Skeptics' Guide to The Universe Podcast Episode 80 |publisher=Theskepticsguide.org |date= |accessdate=2011-11-12}}</ref> however, the series ended before such an episode aired.

== Awards and nominations ==

''Penn & Teller: Bullshit'' was nominated for 21 awards, winning two. The Writers Guild of America bestowed an award upon the program in 2004 recognizing excellence in its writing quality, and it received an award from the Independent Investigations Group in 2008, recognizing the show's contribution to public understanding of scientific skepticism and [[Rationality|rational thinking]].

Through its run, ''Penn & Teller: Bullshit!'' garnered thirteen Primetime Emmy Award nominations, five Writers Guild of America Award nominations and a Directors Guild of America Award nomination.

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb title|0346369}}
* {{tv.com show|penn-teller-bullshit|Penn &amp; Teller: Bullshit!}}
* {{Epguides|PennandTellerBullshit}}

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{{Showtime Network programming}}

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