View source for Earth:Saltrio Formation

{{Infobox rockunit
| name           = Saltrio Formation
| image          = Saltrio (cava).jpg
| caption        = Panoramic of Saltrio, with the “Salnova” quarry alt the background, where all the fossils have come from
| type           = [[Earth:Geological formation|Geological formation]]
| age            = Early Sinemurian<br />~{{fossil range|199|196}}
| period         = Sinemurian
| prilithology   = [[Earth:Limestone|Limestone]]
| otherlithology =
| namedfor       = Saltrio
| namedby        = Antonio Stoppani<ref name=Stop>{{cite book |last1=Stoppani |first1=A. |title=Studi geologici e paleontologici sulla Lombardia |date=1857 |publisher=Tipografia Turati |location=Milano |pages=461 |url=https://onesearch.unifi.it/primo-explore/fulldisplay/39sbart_almap7151203830003302/39UFI_V1 |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>
| region         = Lombardy
| country        = {{ITA}}
| coordinates    = {{coord|45.9|N|8.9|E|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates = {{coord|33.1|N|14.8|E|display=inline}}
| unitof         = Calcari Selciferi Lombardi Unit
| subunits       = 
| underlies      = [[Earth:Moltrasio Formation|Moltrasio Formation]]
| overlies       = Tremona Formation
| thickness      =
| extent         =
| area           =
| map            = {{Location map+ | Italy#Italy Lombardy
| relief = 1
| width   = 250
| float   = center
| places  =
  {{Location map~ | Italy#Italy Lombardy
  | lat_deg = 45.9
  | lon_deg = 8.9
  | mark = Blue pog.svg
  | marksize = 12
  }}
}}
| map_caption    =
}}

The '''Saltrio Formation''' is a geological formation in Italy. It dates back to the middle Sinemurian, and would have represented a pelagic or near-epicontinental environment, judging by the presence of marine fauna such as the [[Biology:Nautiloid|nautiloid]] ''[[Biology:Cenoceras|Cenoceras]]''.<ref name="earlyjurassicdistribution">Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Jurassic, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 532–534. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.</ref><ref name="Saltriov">{{Cite journal |last1=Dal Sasso |first1=Cristiano |last2=Maganuco |first2=Simone |last3=Cau |first3=Andrea |date=2018-12-19 |title=The oldest ceratosaurian (Dinosauria: Theropoda), from the Lower Jurassic of Italy, sheds light on the evolution of the three-fingered hand of birds |journal=PeerJ |volume=6 |pages=e5976 |doi=10.7717/peerj.5976 |pmid=30588396 |pmc=6304160 |issn=2167-8359 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The Fossils of the Formation were described on the late 1880s and revised on 1960s, finding first marine biota, such as Crinoids, Bivalves and other fauna related to Epicontinental basin deposits.<ref name=Vialli>{{cite journal |last1=Vialli |first1=G. S. |title=Revisione deila fauna di Saltrio. V: I Gasteropodi. I Cephalopodi Dibranchiati. 1Briozoi. I Brachiopodi. Gli Echinodermi. I Vertabrati, VI: Considerazioni conclusive |journal=Atti 1st Geol Favia |date=1963 |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=3–23 |url=https://eurekamag.com/research/023/533/023533443.php |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>

== Environment ==
Since the beginning of the jurassic, from Hettangian to earliest Sinemurian on the western Lombardy Basin there was a notorious continental area that was found to be wider than previously thought, where a warm humid paleoclimate developed.<ref name=Jadoul>{{cite journal |last1=Jadoul |first1=Flavio |last2=Galli |first2=M. T. |last3=Calabrese |first3=Lorenzo |last4=Gnaccolini |first4=Mario |title=Stratigraphy of Rhaetian to Lower Sinemurian carbonate platforms in western Lombardy (Southern Alps, Italy): paleogeographic implications |journal=Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia |date=2005 |volume=111 |issue=2 |pages=285–303 |url=https://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/RIPS/article/view/6316 |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref> The Dinosaur Fossils found on the Saltrio formation can have been translated from this area, or alternatively, the Arbostora swell (that was located at the north of the Saltrio formation, on {{wipe|Switzerland}}).<ref name=Swizt>{{cite journal |last1=Kalin |first1=O. |last2=Trumpy |first2=D.M. |title=Sedimentation und Paläotektonik in den westlichen Südalpen: Zur triasisch-jurassischen Geschichte des Monte Nudo-Beckens |journal=Eclogae Geol Helv. |date=1977 |issue=2 |pages=295–350 |url=https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=egh-001%3A1977%3A70%3A%3A356#356 |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref> This was an emerged structural high close to the ''Saltrio Formation'', that caused a division between two near subsiding basins located at Mt. Nudo (East) and Mt. Generoso (West).<ref name=Swizt/> It settled over a carbonate platform linked with other wider areas that appear along the west to the southeast, developing a large shallow water gulf to the north, where the strata deposited was controlled by a horst and tectonic gaben.<ref name=Swizt/>
Several outcrops of the so-called “terra rossa” paleosoils were also found, including at Castello Cabiaglio-Orino, a dozen of kilometers West of Saltrio.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leuzinger |first1=P. |title=Geologische Beschreibung des Monte Campo dei Fiori u. der Sedimentzone Luganersee-Valcuvia. Mit 3 Tafeln und 6 Textfiguren. Inaugural-dissertation |journal=Buchdruckerei Emil Birkhäuser & Cie., Basel |date=1925 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–177}}</ref><ref name=Wied>{{cite journal |last1=Wiedenmayer |first1=F. |title=Obere Trias bis mittlerer Lias zwischen Saltrio und Tremona:(Lombardische Alpen) |journal=Eclogae Geologicae Helv. |date=1963 |volume=56 |issue=11 |pages=22–148 |url=https://www.iberlibro.com/Obere-Trias-mittlerer-Lias-zwischen-Saltrio/30567697585/bd |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref> This outcrops show that the emerged areas that on the Hettangian-Sinemurian, the current location of the modern Maggiore Lake were covered with forests, what was proven by the presence of large plant fragments on the [[Earth:Moltrasio Formation|Moltrasio Formation]].<ref name=Jadoul/> The plants have been recovered between the locations of Cellina and Arolo (eastern side of Lake Maggiore), from rocks that have been found to be coeval in age to the ''Saltrio Formation''.<ref name=Lualdi>Lualdi, A. (1999). New data on the Western part of the M. Nudo Basin (Lower Jurassic, West Lombardy) Tubingen Geowissenschaftliche Arbeiten, Series A, 52, 173-176.</ref> The Flora includes genera such as [[Biology:Bennettitales|Bennettitales]] (''[[Biology:Ptilophyllum|Ptilophyllum]]''), terrestrial [[Biology:Araucariaceae|Araucariaceae]] (''[[Biology:Pagiophyllum|Pagiophyllum]]''), and [[Biology:Cheirolepidiaceae|Cheirolepidiaceae]] (''[[Biology:Brachyphyllum|Brachyphyllum]]''), that developed on inland areas with dry-warm conditions.<ref name=Lualdi/>

The ammonites from the Saltrio Formation allow the formation to be dated to the Early Sinemurian. Animals probably lived in emerged parts of carbonated platform or an area to the northwest, whose presence had never been established. In the early Sinemurian, the Arbostora swell became again a shallow open sea (ramp-slope), still surrounded South and South-West by emerged land. The dinosaur bones where washed on this period, flowed into a gulf of the Mt. Nudo basin, where they became fossilized. The latter possibility was suggested by Lualdi (1999), in which he analyzed the local geology based on the presence of terrestrial plants and [[Earth:Terrigenous sediment|terrigenous]] content (sands from igneous or metamorphic rocks exposed to sub-aerial erosion) in the limestones.<ref name=Lualdi/> Terrestrial plants are essentially represented by leaves and small branches of [[Biology:Araucariaceae|Araucariaceans]] and [[Biology:Bennettitales|Bennettitales]], the typical flora of the early [[Earth:Mesozoic|Mesozoic]]. However, plants and sand (which are not abundantly referred) can be carried by wind and ocean currents. Also, according to the most current paleogeographic maps, truly continental land located closer these Jurassic times lower were the Mountains of Sardinia, [[Place:Corsica|Corsica]], distanced many tens of kilometers WNW.<ref name="DV2001">{{cite journal |last1=Dalla Vecchia |first1=F.M. |title=A new theropod dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic of Italy, Saltriosaurus |journal=Dino Press |date=2001 |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=81–87}}</ref>
Coeval and slightly younger in age, large dinosaurs, carnivorous and herbivorous, were present as shown in various footprints of the lower Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian) in the province of Trento, around {{convert|160|km|mi}} east of Saltrio, which changed the traditional view of the palaeoenvironments and paleogeography of the region, considered a tropical sea with small islands of the [[Earth:Atoll|atoll]] type.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Avanzini |first1=M. |last2=Petti |first2=F. M. |title=Updating the dinosaur tracksites from the Lower Jurassic Calcari Grigi Group (Southern Alps, Northern Italy). Italian Ichnology |journal=Proceedings of the Ichnology Session of Geoitalia 2007. Studi Trent. Sci. Nat., Acta Geol. |date=2008 |volume=83 |issue=4 |pages=289–301 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235891375 |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref> Fossil footprints and tracks are preserved in tidal carbonates deposited in a relatively narrow carbonated platform in Trento, flanked to the east and west by relatively deep marine basins. Large theropods could not live in an atoll, since large areas had to be emersed to provide food and fresh water, and their herbivorous prey needed land with vegetation. The presence of [[Biology:Vulcanodontidae|vulcanodontids]], [[Biology:Cetiosauridae|cetiosaurs]], primitive [[Biology:Sauropoda|sauropods]], [[Biology:Heterodontosauridae|heterodontosaurids]], and scelidosaurs have been reported from the [[Earth:Calcari Grigi di Noriglio Formation|Calcari Grigi Group]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Masetti |first1=D. |last2=Claps |first2=M. |last3=Giacometti |first3=A. |last4=Lodi |first4=P. |last5=Pignatti |first5=P. |title=I Calcari Grigi della piattaforma di Trento (Lias inferiore e medio, Prealpi Venete) |journal=Atti Ticinensi di Scienze della Terra |date=1998 |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=139–183 |url=https://arts.units.it/handle/11368/1697434 |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>

"''It is more likely that the Peri-Adriatic Platforms worked with temporary continental bridges that connected with Laurasia Gondwana in central Tethis, allowing migration between the two hemispheres and colonization of local coastal habitats." "During the marine transgressions, some of these lands were isolated, implicating genetic Mutations in their terrestrial faunas, with typical biological consequences, as endemism and possible dwarfism''".<ref name="CC2">{{Cite journal |last=Dal Sasso |first=Cristiano |date=2003 |title=Dinosaurs of Italy |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0683(03)00007-1 |journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=45–66 |doi=10.1016/s1631-0683(03)00007-1 |issn=1631-0683}}</ref>

== Invertebrate fauna ==
=== Brachiopoda ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|- 
! colspan="6" align="center" |'''[[Biology:Rhynchonellata|Rhynchonellata]]'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Material
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
| 
''Cirpa''<ref name=Brachio/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=Vialli/>
| 
''Cirpa variabilis''
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Rhynchonellata|Rhynchonellata]]n, member of the family Wellerellidae inside [[Biology:Rhynchonellida|Rhynchonellida]]. Identified originally as "Rhynchonella variabilis".
|
|-
| 
''Liospiriferina''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Brachio/><ref name=Nautili/>
| 
''Liospiriferina rostrata''
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Rhynchonellata|Rhynchonellata]]n, member of the family Spiriferinidae inside Spiriferinida. Was identified originally as "Spiriferina haasi".
|
|-
| 
''Lobothyris''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Brachio>{{cite journal |last1=Parona |first1=C.F. |title=I brachiopodi liassici di Saltrio ed Arzo nelle Prealpi Lombarde |journal=Memorie del Reale Istituto Lombardo di Scienze e Lettere |date=1884 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=227–262}}</ref><ref name=Nautili>{{cite journal |last1=Parona |first1=C. F. |title=I Nautili del Lias inferiore di Saltrio in Lombardia |journal=Bullettino della Società Malacologica Italiana |date=1897 |volume=20 |pages=7–20 |url=https://www.abebooks.com/Nautili-Lias-Inferiore-Saltrio-Lombardia-PARONA/30429836290/bd |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>
| 
''Lobothyris punctata''
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Rhynchonellata|Rhynchonellata]]n, member of the family Lobothyrididae inside [[Biology:Terebratulida|Terebratulida]]. Was identified originally as "Terebratula punctata".
|
|-

| 
''[[Biology:Spiriferina|Spiriferina]]''<ref name=Brachio/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=Vialli/>
| 
''Spiriferina expansa''
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Rhynchonellata|Rhynchonellata]]n, type member of the family Spiriferinidae inside Spiriferinida. It is a rather a complex series of specimens, whose classification is controversial.
|
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Rhynchonella|Rhynchonella]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Brachio/><ref name=Nautili/>
| 
''Rhynchonella acanthica''
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Rhynchonellata|Rhynchonellata]]n, member of the family Wellerellidae inside [[Biology:Rhynchonellida|Rhynchonellida]]. Another series of Specimens of uncertain placement.
|
[[File:La terre avant le déluge, 1863 "Rhynchonella sulcata". (4513809761).jpg|200px]]
|-
|}

=== Bivalves===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|- 
! colspan="6" align="center" |'''[[Biology:Bivalvia|Bivalvia]]'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Material
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
| 
''[[Social:Astarte|Astarte]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Astarte praeobliqua'' 
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Clam|Clam]], type member of the family [[Biology:Astartidae|Astartidae]] inside [[Biology:Carditida|Carditida]]. Some shells identified as Cardium probably belong to this genus.
| 
|-
| 
''Avicula''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Avicula sinemuriensis''  	
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A Pearl [[Biology:Oyster|Oyster]], member of the family [[Biology:Pteriidae|Pteriidae]] inside [[Biology:Ostreida|Ostreida]]. Abundant and rather easy to identify.
|
|-
| 
''Calvaentolium''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro>{{cite journal |last1=Parona |first1=C. F. |title=I fossili del Lias inferiore di Saltrio in Lombardia |journal=Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali |date=1890 |volume=33 |pages=69–104 |url=https://eurekamag.com/research/022/791/022791118.php |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>
| 
''Calvaentolium hehlii''
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Scallop|Scallop]], member of the family Pectinoidae inside [[Biology:Pectinida|Pectinida]]. It was identified originally as "Pecten (Pseudamusium) hehlii".
|
|-
| 
''Cardinia''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Cardinia hybrida'' 
*''Cardinia similis''
*''Cardinia rugosa''
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Clam|Clam]], type member of the family [[Biology:Cardiniidae|Cardiniidae]] inside [[Biology:Carditida|Carditida]]. Epicontinental deposits genus, rather abundant locally. ''Cardinia rugosa''  was first discovered on this formation.
| 
|-
| 
''Cardium''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Cardium cf. multicostatum'' 
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Clam|Clam]], member of the family [[Biology:Cardiniidae|Cardiniidae]] inside [[Biology:Carditida|Carditida]]. Rare locally, with some specimens considered dubious.
| 
|-
| 
''Chlamys''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Chlamys textoria'' 
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Scallop|Scallop]], member of the family Pectinoidae inside [[Biology:Pectinida|Pectinida]]. It was identified as "Pecten (Chlamys) textorius".
|  
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Fimbria (bivalve)|Fimbria]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Fimbria semireticulata''  	
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Clam|Clam]], member of the family [[Biology:Lucinidae|Lucinidae]] inside [[Biology:Lucinida|Lucinida]]. Was first identified on the Formation.
| 
|-
| 
''Goniomya''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Goniomya verbana''  	
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Clam|Clam]], member of the family [[Biology:Lucinidae|Lucinidae]] inside [[Biology:Lucinida|Lucinida]]. First identified on the formation.
| 
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Gryphaea|Gryphaea]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Gryphaea arcuata''  	
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
An [[Biology:Oyster|Oyster]], type member of the family [[Biology:Gryphaeidae|Gryphaeidae]] inside [[Biology:Ostreida|Ostreida]]. Related with specimens of the Blue Lias Formation.
|
[[File:Gryphaea arcuata fossil oyster (Blue Lias, Lower Jurassic; coastal cliffs near Lyme Regis, far-western Dorset County, southwestern England) 1 (15206675956).jpg|200px]]   
|-
| 
''[[Place:Lima|Lima]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Lima (Plagiostoma) stabilei''
*''Lima (Radula) succincta''
*''Lima (Radula) valmariannae'' 
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Limidae|File Clam]], member of the family [[Biology:Limidae|Limidae]] inside [[Biology:Pectinida|Pectinida]]. Included on the Genus ''Plagiostoma'', the status of the species is rather dubious.
|  
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Lucina (bivalve)|Lucina]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Lucina ? liasina''  	
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Clam|Clam]], type member of the family [[Biology:Lucinidae|Lucinidae]] inside [[Biology:Lucinida|Lucinida]]. Uncertain classification due to be based on fragmentary shell remains.
| 
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Modiolus (bivalve)|Modiolus]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Modiolus vomer''  	
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Mussel|Mussel]], member of the family [[Biology:Mytilidae|Mytilidae]] inside [[Biology:Mytilida|Mytilida]]. Identified as the genus "Modiola", now junior synonym of Modiolus.
|
|-
| 
''Myoconcha''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Myoconcha scabra''  	
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Clam|Clam]], member of the family Pleuromyidae inside Pholadida. Rather rare and controversial genus.
| 
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Ostrea|Ostrea]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Ostrea cf. chillyensis''  	
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
An [[Biology:Oyster|Oyster]], type member of the family [[Biology:Ostreidae|Ostreidae]] inside [[Biology:Ostreida|Ostreida]]. Rather Abundant genus, but lacks specimens enough complete for a formal identification.
|
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Pecten (bivalve)|Pecten]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Pecten (Pseudamusium) diblasii'' 
*''Pecten (Chlamys) subalpinus''
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Scallop|Scallop]], type member of the family Pectinoidae inside [[Biology:Pectinida|Pectinida]]. Mistake for other related genera on the deposit, it is among the most abundant local Scallops, although the affinities with the genus ''Pecten'' haven't been proved.
|
[[File:Pecten fossil.jpg|200px]]  
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Pholadomya|Pholadomya]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Pholadomya sp.''  	
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Clam|Clam]], type member of the family [[Biology:Pholadomyidae|Pholadomyidae]] inside Pholadomyida. Mostly incomplete specimens, what makes nearly impossible to assigante a concrete species.
| 
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Plagiostoma (bivalve)|Plagiostoma]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Plagiostoma giganteum'' 
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Limidae|File Clam]], member of the family [[Biology:Limidae|Limidae]] inside [[Biology:Pectinida|Pectinida]]. Identified originally as "Lima (Plagiostoma) gigantea".
|
[[File:Plagiostoma gigantea.JPG|200px]]   
|-
| 
''Pleuromya''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Pleuromya cf. angusta'' 
*''Pleuromya saltriensis'' 
*''Pleuromya galathea'' 	
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Clam|Clam]], type member of the family Pleuromyidae inside Pholadida. Present on most of the deposits of the formation, with P. saltriensis being first discovered on the location.
| 
|-
| 
''Sphaeriola''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Sphaeriola sp.''  	
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Clam|Clam]], member of the family [[Biology:Lucinidae|Lucinidae]] inside [[Biology:Lucinida|Lucinida]]. Identified originally as  "Fimbria (Sphaeriola) sp.".
| 
|-
| 
''Terquemia''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Terquemia heberti''  	
| 
*Shells
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Clam|Clam]], member of the family Prospondylidea inside Pterioida. Is based on a few specimens
| 
|-
|}

=== Gastropods ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|- 
! colspan="6" align="center" |'''[[Biology:Gastropoda|Gastropoda]]'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Material
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Pleurotomaria|Pleurotomaria]]''<ref name=Gasteropo>{{cite journal |last1=Parona |first1=C.F. |title=I fossili del Lias di Saltrio in Lombardia; Parte 2: Gasteropodi |journal=Bollettino Società Malacologica Italiana |date=1895 |volume=18 |pages=161–184}}</ref>
| 
*''Pleurotomaria sp.''  	
| 
*Shells
|
*“Salnova” quarry.
*Mount Campo dei Fiori
|
A Sea [[Biology:Snail|Snail]], type member of the family [[Biology:Pleurotomariidae|Pleurotomariidae]] inside [[Biology:Pleurotomarioidea|Pleurotomarioidea]]. Relatively abundant genus, found specially on deposits with terrestrial debris input.
|
[[File:Pleurotomaria expansa 01.JPG|200px]]
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Trochus|Trochus]]''<ref name=Gasteropo/>
| 
*''Trochus sp''  	
| 
*Shells
|
*“Salnova” quarry.
*Mount Campo dei Fiori
|
A Sea [[Biology:Snail|Snail]], type member of the family [[Biology:Trochidae|Trochidae]] inside [[Biology:Trochoidea (superfamily)|Trochoidea]]. Rather common, found associated with Echinoderm debris.
|
|-
|}

=== Cephalopoda ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|- 
! colspan="6" align="center" |'''[[Biology:Cephalopoda|Cephalopoda]]'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Material
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Agassiceras|Agassiceras]]''<ref name=Ammonite/>
| 
*''Agassiceras nodosaries'' 
| 
*Shells
|
*“Salnova” quarry
|
An [[Biology:Ammonitida|Ammonitida]]n, member of the family [[Biology:Arietitidae|Arietitidae]] inside [[Biology:Psiloceratoidea|Psiloceratoidea]].
|
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Arietites|Arietites]]''<ref name=Ammonite/>
| 
*''Arietites bucklandi''
*''Arietites raricostatus''
*''Arietites ceratitoides''
*''Arietites kridioides''
*''Arietites dimorphus'' 
*''Arietites arnoui''
*''Arietites conybeari''
*''Arietites sauzeanus'' 
| 
*Shells
|
*“Salnova” quarry
|
An [[Biology:Ammonitida|Ammonitida]]n, type member of the family [[Biology:Arietitidae|Arietitidae]] inside [[Biology:Psiloceratoidea|Psiloceratoidea]]. The main Ammonite identified locally.
|
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Cenoceras|Cenoceras]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=paro/><ref name=Nautili/><ref name=Vecchia>{{cite journal |last1=Dalla Vecchia |first1=F. M. |title=Terrestrial ecosystems on the Mesozoic peri-Adriatic carbonate platforms: the vertebrate evidence |journal=VII International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems. Asociación Paleontología Argentina |date=2001 |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=77–83 |url=https://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/222 |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>
| 
*''Cenoceras amorettii''
*''Cenoceras stoppanii'' 
*''Cenoceras intermedium'' 
*''Cenoceras arare''
*''Cenoceras spreaficoi'' 
*''Cenoceras breislacki'' 
*''Cenoceras striatum'' 
*''Cenoceras sturi''
*''Cenoceras balsamocrivellii''
| 
*Shells
|
*“Salnova” quarry
|
A [[Biology:Nautilida|Nautilida]]n, type member of the family Cenoceratidae inside [[Biology:Nautilidae|Nautilidae]]. The most abundant local cefalophod, Cenoceras  was identified as member of the genus Nutilus originally.
|
[[File:Cenoceras NT.jpg|200px]]
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Coroniceras|Coroniceras]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Ammonite>{{cite journal |last1=Parona |first1=C.F. |title=Contribuzioni alla conoscenza delle ammoniti liasiche di Lombardia, Parte 1: Ammoniti del Lias inferiore di Saltrio |journal=Mémoires de la Société Paléontologique Suisse |date=1896 |volume=23 |pages=1–45 |url=http://mmtk.ginras.ru/pdf/parona1898_ammoniti_liasiche.pdf |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>
| 
*''Coroniceras cf. gmuendense''
*''Coroniceras rotiformis''
*''Coroniceras bucklandi'' 
*''Coroniceras orbiculatus''
*''Coroniceras bisulcatus'' 
| 
*Shells
|
*“Salnova” quarry
|
An [[Biology:Ammonitida|Ammonitida]]n, member of the family [[Biology:Arietitidae|Arietitidae]] inside [[Biology:Psiloceratoidea|Psiloceratoidea]]. One of the main ammonites identified along the local dinosaur remains.
|
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Oxynoticeras|Oxynoticeras]]''<ref name=Ammonite/>
| 
*''Oxynoticeras oxynotum''
| 
*Shells
|
*“Salnova” quarry
|
An [[Biology:Ammonitida|Ammonitida]]n, type member of the family [[Biology:Oxynoticeratidae|Oxynoticeratidae]] inside [[Biology:Ammonitida|Ammonitida]]. Not the most abundant, but rather common.
|
|-
|}

=== Echinoderms ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|- 
! colspan="6" align="center" |'''[[Biology:Echinodermata|Echinodermata]]'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Material
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
| 
''Isocrinus''<ref name=Crino>{{cite journal |last1=Jaselli |first1=L. |title=Reappraisal of the Lower Jurassic crinoid fauna of Lombardy (Italy): insights on regional museum collections |journal=Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana |date=2021 |volume=60 |issue=2 |page=112 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354507218 |access-date=19 October 2023}}</ref>
| 
*''Isocrinus tuberculatus''
| 
Multiple ossicles
|
M. Campo dei Fiori 
|
An [[Biology:Crinoidea|Crinoidea]]n, member of the family Isocrininae inside [[Biology:Isocrinida|Isocrinida]]. 
|
|-
| 
''Miocidaris''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Miocidaris amalthei''
| 
Multiple ossicles
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
An Echinoidean, type member of the family Miocidaridae inside [[Biology:Cidaroida|Cidaroida]]. Related to epicontinental to pelagic waters.
|
|-
| 
''Millericrinus''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Millericrinus cf. adneticus''
| 
Multiple ossicles
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A Sea lily, type member of the family [[Biology:Millericrinida|Millericrinida]] inside [[Biology:Crinoidea|Crinoidea]].The main Crinoid identified locally.
|
[[File:Millericrinus sp 567.jpg|200px]]
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Palaeocoma|Palaeocoma]]''<ref name=coma>{{cite journal |last1=Jaselli |first1=L. |title=The Lower Jurassic (Early Sinemurian) ophiuroid Palaeocoma milleri in the palaeontological collection of the Museo di Storia Naturale "Antonio Stoppani"(Italy) |journal=Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana |date=2015 |volume=54 |issue=3 |page=188 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291340148 |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>
| 
*''Palaeocoma milleri''
| 
*Specimen MSNVI 044/017, dorsally-ventrally oriented ophiuroid
|
Mount Campo dei Fiori
|
An [[Biology:Ophiurida|Ophiurida]]n, member of the family [[Biology:Ophiodermatidae|Ophiodermatidae]] inside Ophiodermatina. Extant tropical species like ''[[Biology:Ophioderma (echinoderm)|Ophioderma]]'' are benthic predators and scavengers that show the same short spines seen in Palaeocoma.<ref name=coma/>
|
[[File:Palaeocoma milleri 34.jpg|200px]]
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Pentacrinites|Pentacrinites]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=paro/>
| 
*''Pentacrinites tuberculatus''
| 
*Fragments
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A Sea lily, type member of the family Pentacrinitidae inside [[Biology:Isocrinida|Isocrinida]]. A Pelagic crinoid that live attached to washed wood.
|
[[File:Pentacrinites NT.jpg|200px]]
|-
|}

== Vertebrate fauna ==
In 2016 new vertebrate remains were discovered in the Salnova quarry, the remains are being studied to understand if it is a new dinosaur or some other creature.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Giorno|first=Il|date=2016-03-10|title=Saltrio, trovati resti ossei: potrebbero appartenere a un dinosauro|url=https://www.ilgiorno.it/varese/cronaca/saltrio-resti-dinosauro-1.1962311|access-date=2021-12-30|website=Il Giorno|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-03-11|title=La Soprintendenza conferma, sono ossa del Giurassico|url=https://www.varesenews.it/2016/03/la-sovrintendenza-conferma-sono-ossa-del-giurassico/496297/|access-date=2021-12-30|website=VareseNews|language=it}}</ref> Latter has been confirmed to be Marine Amniote material.<ref name=PaleoD>{{cite journal |last1=Zazzera |first1=Andrea |last2=Brivio |first2=Keefer |last3=Rolfi |first3=Jacopo |last4=Bindellini |first4=Gabriele |last5=Balni |first5=Marco |last6=Renesto |first6=Silvio |title=New marine diapsid remains from the Saltrio Formation (Sinemurian) Monte San Giorgio, UNESCO WHL |journal=Paleodays 2022 |date=2022 |volume=22 |issue=1 |page=133 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361262723 |access-date=26 May 2023}}</ref>

=== Fish ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|- 
! colspan="6" align="center" |'''[[Biology:Osteichthyes|Osteichthyes]]'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Material
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
| 
[[Biology:Osteichthyes|Osteichthyes]]<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=Saltriov/>
| 
Indeterminate
| 
*Tooth and one jaw fragment
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
Outside ''Saltriovenator'', initially, no other vertebrate remains were found associated to this bone assemblage, except for one tooth and one jaw fragment pertaining to a bony fish.<ref name=Saltriov/>
|
|-
|}

=== Icthyosaurs ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|- 
! colspan="6" align="center" |'''[[Biology:Ichthyosauria|Ichthyosauria]]ns'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Material
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
''[[Biology:Ichthyosaurus|Ichthyosaurus]]''<ref name=Vialli/><ref name=PaleoD/>
|
*''Ichthyosaurus spp.''
|
*3 Vertebrae Imprints
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A Neoichthyosaurian of the family [[Biology:Ichthyosauridae|Ichthyosauridae]]. 
|
[[File:Ichthyosaurus anningae trio NT small.jpg|200px]]
|-
|
''Temnodontosaurus''<ref name=Stop/><ref name=PaleoD/>
|
*''Temnodontosaurus cf.platyodon''
|
*Isolated Tooth
*Isolated Vertebrae
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A Neoichthyosaurian of the family Temnodontosauridae. Quoted on the 1880s, specimen that apparently has never been described or figured and whose present repository is unknown
|
[[File:Temnodontosaurus plat1DB.jpg|200px]]
|-
|}

=== Pterosaurs ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|- 
! colspan="6" align="center" |'''Pterosaurs'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Material
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
|
Pterosauria<ref name=Stop/><ref name=PaleoD/>
|
''"Pterodactylus" longirostris''
|
*Isolated Tooth
|
“Salnova” quarry
|
A Pterosaur. Quoted on the 1880s, specimen that apparently has never been fully described or figured and whose present repository is unknown
|
[[File:Dimorphodon2DB.jpg|right|thumb|''Dimorphodon'', a coeval Pterosaur from UK]]
|-
|}

=== Dinosaurs ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center"
|- 
! colspan="6" align="center" |'''[[Biology:Theropoda|Theropods]]'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Material
! Location
! Notes
! Images
|-
| 
''[[Biology:Saltriovenator|Saltriovenator]]''<ref name="DV2001"/><ref name=Saltriov/><ref name="earlyjurassicdistribution"/>
| 
''Saltriovenator zanellai''<ref name=Saltriov/><ref name="earlyjurassicdistribution" />
| 
*MSNM V3664, very fragmentary and disarticulated skeleton
*MSNM V3659, one maxillary or dentary tooth (Referred material)
|
“Salnova” quarry.<ref name="DV2001"/> 
|
The oldest known [[Biology:Ceratosauria|Ceratosaur]], falling outside Neoceratosauria, being sister taxa to the maroccan genus ''[[Biology:Berberosaurus|Berberosaurus]]''. ''Saltriovenator'' is also the largest known Theropod of the Lower Jurassic. It probably was washed into the Sea.<ref name=Saltriov/> Traces on the bones show that the dinosaur carcass remained exposed to the water-sediment interface for months or years, long enough to first be defleshed by mobile scavengers, then colonized by a microbial community that spanned the bone–water interface, which in turn attracted slow-moving grazers and epibionts.<ref name=Saltriov/>
|
[[File:SaltriovantorRes 01.jpg|right|thumb|''Saltriovenator'' on an ancient beach]] 
|-
|}


== See also ==
* List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Italy
* List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* F. M. Dalla Vecchia. 2001. Terrestrial ecosystems on the Mesozoic peri-Adriatic carbonate platforms: the vertebrate evidence. VII International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems. Asociación Paleontología Argentina, Publicación Especial 7:77-83

[[Category:Limestone formations]]

{{Sourceattribution|Saltrio Formation}}