View source for Earth:School strike for climate

{{short description|International youth movement for climate action}}
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{{Infobox civil conflict
| title            = School strike for climate
| subtitle         = Fridays for Future 
| partof           = the climate movement
| image            = Maximum school strikers per country.svg
| caption          = Maximum number of school strikers per country:{{-}}
{{left|{{legend|#AAFFAA|<{{val|1000}}&nbsp;}}}}
{{left|{{legend|#80FF80|{{val|1000}}+&nbsp;}}}}
{{left|{{legend|#00D400|{{val|10000}}+&nbsp;}}}}
{{left|{{legend|#008000|{{val|100000}}+&nbsp;}}}}
{{left|{{legend|#002B00|{{val|1000000}}+}}}}
| date             = Since August 2018, mostly on Fridays, sometimes on Thursdays<!-- Belgium -->, Saturdays<!-- Switzerland, France --> or Sundays<!-- Belgium -->
| place            = International
| coordinates      = 
| causes           = Political inaction against [[Earth:Global warming|global warming]]
| goals            = [[Earth:Climate change mitigation|Climate change mitigation]]
| methods          = Student strike
| status           = Active
| result           = 
| side1            = <center>Youth</center>
| side2            = 
| side3            = 
| leadfigures6     = <center>Greta Thunberg       (de facto)</center>
| howmany3         = <center>1.4&nbsp;millions&nbsp;(for&nbsp;15 March 2019),<ref name="Carrington19.03.2019"/><br/>4&nbsp;million&nbsp;(for&nbsp;20 September 2019)<ref name="Vox 350"/><br/>2&nbsp;million&nbsp;(for&nbsp;27 September 2019)<ref name="Guardian 6 million"/></center>
| howmany2         = 
| howmany1         = 
| casualties1      = 
| casualties2      = 
| casualties3      = 
| fatalities       =
| injuries         =
| arrests          =
| detentions       =
| charged          =
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| notes            = Official website:<br/>{{url|https://www.fridaysforfuture.org/|fridaysforfuture.org}}{{paragraph break}}
| sidebox          = 
}}

The '''school strike for climate''' ({{lang-sv|Skolstrejk för klimatet}}), also known variously as '''Fridays for Future''' ('''FFF'''), '''Youth for Climate''', '''Climate Strike''' or '''Youth Strike for Climate''', is an international movement of school students who take time off from class on Fridays to participate in demonstrations to demand [[Earth:Climate change mitigation|action]] from political leaders to take action to prevent [[Earth:Global warming|climate change]] and for the fossil fuel industry to transition to [[Engineering:Renewable energy|renewable energy]].<!-- ATTENTION EDITORS: Please don't link "climate change" as a standalone article because on the English Wikipedia that article pertains to the PETM and to the Holocene glaciation and any other climate change at any point in time. It is a GENERIC article about the CONCEPT. The article about the problem which raises the striker's concern is [[Earth:Global warming|global warming]]. Thanks. -->

Publicity and widespread organising began after Swedish schoolgirl Greta Thunberg staged a protest in August 2018 outside the Swedish Riksdag (parliament), holding a sign that read "{{lang|sv|Skolstrejk för klimatet}}" ("School strike for climate").<ref name="Crouch">{{cite news |author-last=Crouch |author-first=David |title=The Swedish 15-year-old who's cutting class to fight the climate crisis |date=1 September 2018 |newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}} |location=London, United Kingdom|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/sep/01/swedish-15-year-old-cutting-class-to-fight-the-climate-crisis |access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author-last=Weyler |author-first=Rex |title=The youth have seen enough |url=https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/20260/the-youth-have-seen-enough/ |access-date=22 January 2019 |publisher=Greenpeace International |date=4 January 2019}}</ref>

A global strike on 15 March 2019 gathered more than one million strikers. Around 2200 strikes were organised in 125 countries.<ref name="Carrington19.03.2019"/><ref name="Guardian_20190315"/><ref name="BBC strike 2"/><ref name="Barclay"/> On 24 May 2019, the second global strike took place, in which 1600 events across 150 countries drew hundreds of thousands of protesters. The events were timed to coincide with the 2019 European Parliament election.<ref name="BBC strike 2">{{cite news |title=Students walk out in global climate strike |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-48392551 |access-date=24 May 2019 |agency=BBC |date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524053103/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-48392551 |archive-date=24 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='We're one, we're back': Pupils renew world climate action strike |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/pupils-renew-climate-action-world-strike-190524051317704.html |access-date=24 May 2019 |work=Al Jazeera |date=24 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524075701/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/pupils-renew-climate-action-world-strike-190524051317704.html |archive-date=24 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Gerretsen_20190524">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/24/world/global-climate-strike-school-students-protest-climate-change-intl/index.html |title=Global Climate Strike: Record number of students walk out |author-first=Isabelle |author-last=Gerretsen |website=CNN |date=24 May 2019 |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920101801/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/24/world/global-climate-strike-school-students-protest-climate-change-intl/index.html |archive-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://time.com/5595365/global-climate-strikes-greta-thunberg/ |title=Students From 1,600 Cities Just Walked Out of School to Protest Climate Change. It Could Be Greta Thunberg's Biggest Strike Yet |author-last=Haynes |author-first=Suyin |date=24 May 2019 |work={{wipe|Time (magazine)}} |access-date=27 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526085735/http://time.com/5595365/global-climate-strikes-greta-thunberg/ |archive-date=26 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The 2019 [[Earth:September 2019 climate strikes|Global Week for Future]] was a series of 4500 strikes across over 150 countries, focused around Friday 20 September and Friday 27 September. Likely the largest climate strikes in world history, 20 September strikes gathered roughly 4 million protesters, many of them schoolchildren, including 1.4 million people on strike in Germany.<ref>Largest climate strike:
* {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/21/across-the-globe-millions-join-biggest-climate-protest-ever |title=Across the globe, millions join biggest climate protest ever |work={{wipe|The Guardian}} |author-last1=Laville |author-first1=Sandra |author-last2=Watts |author-first2=Jonathan |date=21 September 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920235607/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/21/across-the-globe-millions-join-biggest-climate-protest-ever |archive-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live}}
4 million protesters overall:
* {{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate |title=How big was the global climate strike? 4 million people, activists estimate. |work=Vox |author-last1=Barclay |author-first1=Eliza |author-last2=Resnick |author-first2=Brian |access-date=21 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921012020/https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate |archive-date=21 September 2019 |url-status=live}}
1.4 million protesters in Germany:
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.zdf.de/uri/2e409846-e515-4055-a7df-140ca15c9f24 |title=Rekordzahlen bei Klimademos: In Deutschland demonstrieren 1,4 Millionen Menschen |website=zdf.de |language=de |access-date=21 September 2019}}
* {{Cite web |url=https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liveblog-zum-globalen-klimastreik-fridays-for-future-protestiert-in-2000-orten.c85e0e02-e49b-45d0-a5f6-5ebafa7f2b70.html |title=Liveblog zum globalen Klimastreik: Fridays for Future protestiert in 2000 Orten |website=Stuttgarter Zeitung |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920145017/https://www.stuttgarter-zeitung.de/inhalt.liveblog-zum-globalen-klimastreik-fridays-for-future-protestiert-in-2000-orten.c85e0e02-e49b-45d0-a5f6-5ebafa7f2b70.html |archive-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 27 September, an estimated 2 million people participated in demonstrations worldwide, including over 1 million protesters in Italy and several hundred thousand protesters in Canada.<ref name="Guardian 6 million"/><ref name="Repubblica million">{{cite web|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2019/09/27/news/clima-237064333/?ref=RHPPLF-BH-I237047295-C8-P2-S1.8-T1|title=Fridays for future, al via i cortei in 180 città italiane: "Siamo più di un milione"|trans-title=Fridays for future, kids in the streets in 180 Italian cities: "We're more than a million"|work=la Repubblica|date=27 September 2019|accessdate=27 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="BBC Canada"/>

== {{anchor|Climate strike|20151130}}Earlier school climate strikes ==
In November 2006 the Australian Youth Climate Coalition was formed to organise climate change actions involving youth and school children.<ref>https://www.smh.com.au/environment/climate-change/climate-warriors-march-behind-little-green-book-20090710-dg2t.html</ref> In 2010 in England there were school walkouts over climate change, linked to a Climate Camp.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2011/mar/02/climate-camp-disbanded</ref> In late-November 2015, an independent group of students invited other students around the world to skip school on the first day of the [[Earth:2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference|2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference]] in Paris. On 30 November, the first day of the conference, a "Climate strike" was organised in over 100 countries; over {{val|50000}} people participated.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GjdVgGfcb8 |title=Climate Strike 2015: Students Skip School demanding Climate Actions |work=Climate Strike |date=1 March 2016 |access-date=14 March 2019 |publisher=[[Company:YouTube|YouTube]]}}</ref> The movement focused on three demands: 100% clean energy; keeping fossil fuels in the ground, and helping climate refugees.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.climatestrike.net/ |title=Climate Strike |website=climatestrike.net |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref>

== Greta Thunberg, 2018 ==
[[File:Greta Thunberg 4.jpg|thumb|Greta Thunberg in front of the Swedish parliament in Stockholm, August 2018]]
[[File:Old town Stockholm the bike of Greta.jpeg|thumb|An activist's bicycle in [[Place:Stockholm|Stockholm]] on 11 September 2018: "The climate change must be treated as a crisis! The climate is the most important election issue!"]]

On 20 August 2018, the Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg,<ref name="John_CNN_20190213">{{Cite news |title=How teenage girls defied skeptics to build a new climate movement |date=13 February 2019 |author-first=Tara |author-last=John |publisher=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/13/uk/student-climate-strike-girls-gbr-scli-intl/index.html |access-date=28 February 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228102034/https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/13/uk/student-climate-strike-girls-gbr-scli-intl/index.html |archive-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> then in the ninth grade, decided to not attend school until the 2018 Sweden general election on 9 September after heat waves and wildfires in Sweden.<ref name="Crouch"/> She has said she was inspired by the teen activists at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, who had organised the March for Our Lives.<ref>{{cite news |title=Teen activist on climate change: If we don't do anything right now, we're screwed |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGmBkIUwYkA |access-date=10 February 2019 |agency=CNN |date=23 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Guardian view on teenage activists: protesters not puppets – Editorial |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/feb/07/the-guardian-view-on-teenage-activists-look-whos-pulling-the-strings |access-date=11 February 2019 |newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}} |date=7 February 2019}}</ref> Thunberg protested by sitting outside the Riksdag every day during school hours with a sign that read "{{lang|sv|Skolstrejk för klimatet}}" ("school strike for climate").<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-fifteen-year-old-climate-activist-who-is-demanding-a-new-kind-of-politics |title=The Fifteen-Year-Old Climate Activist Who Is Demanding a New Kind of Politics |date=2 October 2018 |website=The New Yorker}}</ref> Among her demands were that the Swedish government reduce carbon emissions per the Paris Agreement. On 7 September, just before the general elections, she announced that she would continue to strike every Friday until Sweden aligns with the Paris Agreement. She coined the slogan FridaysForFuture, which gained worldwide attention. She inspired school students across the globe to take part in student strikes.<ref name="Guardian2">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/dec/04/leaders-like-children-school-strike-founder-greta-thunberg-tells-un-climate-summit |title='Our leaders are like children,' school strike founder tells climate summit |date=4 December 2018 |newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}}}}</ref>

Thunberg travelled to New York City on a two-week journey by sailboat to continue calling attention to the work needed to address the [[Earth:Climate crisis|climate crisis]]. She participated in school strikes being planned in the U.S on 20 September, and soon after she spoke at the UN Climate Summit on 23 September 2019, in New York City.<ref>Tara Law. [https://time.com/5663534/greta-thunberg-arrives-sail-atlantic/ "Climate Activist Greta Thunberg Arrives in New York After Sailing Across the Atlantic"]. TIME. (28 August 2019).</ref>

== Growing movement, 2019 ==
[[File:School strike for Climate Brussels 24 January 2019.jpg|thumb|Brussels, 24 January 2019]]
[[File:Start of the FridaysForFuture Demonstration 25-01-2019 Berlin 28.jpg|thumb|Climate strike in [[Place:Berlin|Berlin]] on 25 January 2019]]

Strikes began to be organised around the world, inspired by Thunberg, starting in November 2018. In Australia, thousands of students began to strike on Fridays, ignoring Prime Minister Scott Morrison's call for "more learning in schools and less activism".<ref name="Wilkinson">{{Cite news |url=https://edition-m.cnn.com/2018/11/30/australia/australia-school-climate-strike-scli-intl/index.html |title=Australian school children defy prime minister with climate strike |author-first=Bard |author-last=Wilkinson |date=30 November 2018 |publisher=CNN |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228104642/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/11/30/australia/australia-school-climate-strike-scli-intl/index.html |archive-date=28 February 2019}}</ref> Galvanised by the COP24 Climate Change Conference in Katowice, Poland, strikes continued at least in 270 cities<ref name="Guardian2"/> in December in countries including Australia, Austria,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/168763685@N07/albums |title=FridaysforFuture Vienna |access-date=29 December 2018}}</ref> Belgium, Canada,<ref name="Larsen">{{Cite news |author-first=Karin |author-last=Larsen |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/metro-vancouver-students-cut-class-to-demand-action-on-climate-change-1.4936647 |title=Metro Vancouver students cut class to demand action on climate change |date=7 December 2018 |work=CBC News}}</ref> the Netherlands, Germany, Finland, Denmark, Japan, Switzerland,<ref name="ILJ">{{Cite news |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/global-warming_more-than-1-000-swiss-pupils-strike-over-climate/44636034 |title=More than 1,000 Swiss pupils strike over climate |date=21 December 2018 |work=Swissinfo}}</ref><ref name="Gueissaz">{{Cite news |author-first=Rouven |author-last=Gueissaz |url=https://www.rts.ch/info/regions/autres-cantons/10091787-la-greve-du-climat-rassemble-des-centaines-d-etudiants-alemaniques.html |title=La "grève du climat" rassemble des centaines d'étudiants alémaniques |date=22 December 2018 |work=RTS Info |language=fr |quote=["Climate strike" brings together hundreds of German-speaking students]}}</ref> the United Kingdom, and the United States.<ref name="Guardian2"/><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/klimat/klimatmanifestation-over-hela-landet-odesfraga/ |title=Klimatmanifestation över hela landet: "Ödesfråga" |date=30 November 2018 |newspaper=Expressen |language=sv}}</ref>

In 2019, strikes were organised again in the countries listed above and in other countries, among them Colombia, New Zealand, and Uganda.<ref>{{Cite news |author-first=Julia |author-last=Conley |url=https://www.commondreams.org/news/2019/01/17/im-sure-dinosaurs-thought-they-had-time-too-over-12000-students-strike-brussels |title="I'm Sure Dinosaurs Thought They Had Time, Too": Over 12,000 Students Strike in Brussels Demanding Bold Climate Action |date=17 January 2010 |work=Common Dreams}}</ref> Mass strikes took place on 17 and 18 January 2019, when at least {{val|45000}} students protested in Switzerland and Germany alone, against insufficient policies on global warming.<ref name="Rippstein"/><ref name="RTS-ATS"/><ref name="Hendrischke"/> In several countries, including Germany and the UK, pupils demanded the change of laws to reduce the voting age to 16 so they could influence public elections in favour of the youth.<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=Stern |url=https://www.stern.de/politik/deutschland/freitag-zur-demo--so-denken-die-jugendlichen-von--fridays-for-future--8555674.html |title=Ragna, Linus, Ronja und Florian: Sie schwänzen den Unterricht, um die Welt zu retten |language=de |date=30 January 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |publisher=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/climate-change-protest-strike-global-warming-children-greta-thunberg-a8779221.html |title=The grown-ups have failed miserably on climate change |date=14 February 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Like the sea level, we rise, Berlin 08.02.2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Placard at a rally at Invalidenpark, Berlin on 8 February 2019]]
[[File:Fridays For Future in Bozen.jpg|thumb|Bolzano, 15 February 2019]]
In Germany, regional groups were organised, communicating autonomously within [[Software:WhatsApp|WhatsApp]] groups and spreading their messages using flyers and social media. By February 2019, more than 155 local groups were counted by the movement.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|url=https://www.thenewfederalist.eu/make-the-world-greta-again-11247|title=Make the World Greta Again|publisher=New Federalist|author-first=Carlotta |author-last=Grünjes|translator-first=Nora |translator-last=Teuma|date=2019|accessdate=17 June 2019}}</ref>
In United States, organizers coordinated on a state-by-state level and communicated autonomously within [https://slack.com/ Slack] groups and spreading their messages using flyers and social media. By February 2019, more than 134 groups were counted by the movement. The organizations [[Organization:Sunrise Movement|Sunrise Movement]], [[Organization:350.org|350.org]], [http://onemillionof.us/ OneMillionOfUs], [https://earthuprising.org/ Earth Uprising], Future Coalition, [https://www.earthguardians.org/ Earth Guardians], [http://thisiszerohour.org/ Zero Hour], and [[Organization:Extinction Rebellion|Extinction Rebellion]] helped to coordinate.<ref name=":0" />

The Belgian environment minister for Flanders, Joke Schauvliege, resigned on 5 February 2019 after falsely claiming the state security agency had evidence that the school strikes in Belgium were a "set‑up".<ref name="boffey-2019">{{cite news |author-last=Boffey |author-first=Daniel |title=Belgian minister resigns over school-strike conspiracy claims |date=5 February 2019 |newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}} |location=London, United Kingdom |issn=0261-3077 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/feb/05/belgian-environment-minister-joke-schauvliege-claimed-children-climate-protests-a-set-up |access-date=5 February 2019}}</ref>

In the United Kingdom, on 13 February 2019, following open letters in support of the socio-political movement [[Organization:Extinction Rebellion|Extinction Rebellion]] in 2018, 224 academics signed an open letter giving their "full support to the students" attending the School Strike for Climate action.<ref name="open-letter">{{Cite news |title=School climate strike children's brave stand has our support |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/feb/13/school-climate-strike-childrens-brave-stand-has-our-support |newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}} |date=13 February 2019 |access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author-first=Matthew |author-last=Taylor |title=Academics back UK schools' climate change strikes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/feb/13/academics-back-uk-schools-climate-change-strikes |newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}} |date=13 February 2019 |access-date=13 February 2019}}</ref> On Friday 15 February, more than 60 actions in towns and cities within the United Kingdom took place, with an estimated {{val|15000}} strikers taking part.<ref name="open-letter"/><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/feb/08/global-school-strikes-over-climate-change-head-to-the-uk |title=UK pupils to join global strike over climate change crisis |date=8 February 2019 |newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}} |access-date=11 February 2019 |author-first=Matthew |author-last=Taylor}}</ref><ref name="BBC15Feb"/>

[[File:Fridays For Future Vicenza.jpg|thumb|upright|Vicenza, 15 March 2019]]
Climate scientist Stefan Rahmstorf, [[Organization:Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research|Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research]], addressed a Fridays for Future climate strike in [[Place:Potsdam|Potsdam]], Germany that same day.<ref name="rahmstorf-2019">{{cite web |author-last=Rahmstorf |author-first=Stefan |title=#FridaysForFuture — Schüler kämpfen für Klimaschutz |trans-title=#FridaysForFuture — Students fight for climate protection |language=de |date=15 February 2019 |work=KlimaLounge |url=https://scilogs.spektrum.de/klimalounge/fridaysforfuture-schueler-kaempfen-fuer-klimaschutz/ |access-date=19 February 2019 |quote=Ich war von den Potsdamer Schülern eingeladen worden, auf der heutigen Demonstration vor dem Landtag ein paar Worte zu sagen. Diese Einladung habe ich gerne angenommen. [I{{nbsp}}had been invited by the Potsdam school pupils to say a few words at the demonstration today in front of the [Brandenburg] state parliament. I{{nbsp}}gladly accepted this invitation.]}}</ref> On 21 February 2019, the President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, stated his intent to spend hundreds of billions of euros on [[Earth:Climate change mitigation|climate-change mitigation]], amounting to a fourth of the EU budget. He announced this in a speech next to Greta Thunberg, and media credited the school-strike movement with provoking the announcement.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climatechange-teen-activist-idUSKCN1QA1RF |title=Swedish student leader wins EU pledge to spend billions on climate |date=21 February 2019 |work=Reuters |access-date=11 March 2019}}</ref>

On 5 March 2019, 700 German-speaking researchers signed a statement in support of the school strikes in that country.<ref name="maier-2019">{{cite news |author-last=Maier |author-first=Jutta |title=700 Wissenschaftler und Prominente unterstützen Klimastreik |trans-title=700 scientists and prominent people support climate strike |date=5 March 2019 |newspaper=Der Tagesspiegel |location=Berlin, Germany |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wirtschaft/scientists-for-future-700-wissenschaftler-und-prominente-unterstuetzen-klimastreik/24065788.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |quote=[Solidarity with student demonstrations: hundreds of researchers believe the protests are justified. In a petition they call for a quick change in climate policy.]}}</ref> Other researchers were invited to support the statement and it has been signed by over {{val|26800}} scientists from mainly Germany, Austria and Switzerland.<ref>{{cite web |title=Unterschriften |url=https://www.scientists4future.org/unterschriften/ |website=Scientists for Future |access-date=30 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Team |url=https://www.scientists4future.org/team/ |website=Scientists for Future |access-date=30 May 2019}}</ref>

On 9 May 2019, during a European Union summit in Sibiu, representatives of the movement from all over Europe met with several national leaders of European countries and handed them an open letter, which was signed by over {{Val|16000}} European climate strikers and their sympathisants.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hln.be/wetenschap-planeet/milieu/anuna-ontmoet-in-roemenie-macron-en-michel-europees-continent-moet-tegen-2050-klimaatneutraal-worden~a8c3d338/|title=Anuna ontmoet in Roemenië Macron en Michel: "Europees continent moet tegen 2050 klimaatneutraal worden"|last=|first=|date=9 May 2019|work=Het Laatste Nieuws|access-date=9 May 2019|language=nl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.stern.de/neon/wilde-welt/politik/-fridays-for-future---offener-brief-an-eu-staatschefs-beim-gipfel-in-sibiu-8702302.html|title=Offener Brief von Greta und 16.000 Schülern: "Liebe EU-Staatchefs, wir fühlen uns verraten!"|last=|first=|date=9 May 2019|work=Stern|access-date=9 May 2019|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.meteoweb.eu/2019/05/clima-non-solo-greta-attivista-tedesca-incontra-9-capi-governo-esorta-agire/1259741/|title=Clima, non solo Greta: un'altra attivista tedesca incontra 9 capi di governo e li esorta ad agire|last=D'Amico|first=Fortunato|date=9 May 2019|work=Meteo Web|access-date=9 May 2019|language=it}}</ref>

=== {{anchor|20190315}}Global Climate Strike for Future of 15 March 2019 ===
On 15 March 2019, a series of school strikes urging adults to take responsibility and stop the climate change took place. More than a million<!-- numbers vary between 1 and 1.4 million --> people demonstrated in about {{val|2200}}<!-- numbers vary between more than 1700 and 2233 --> events worldwide across 125 countries.<ref name="Carrington19.03.2019">{{Cite news |author-first=Damian |author-last=Carrington |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/19/school-climate-strikes-more-than-1-million-took-part-say-campaigners-greta-thunberg |title=School climate strikes: 1.4 million people took part, say campaigners |date=19 March 2019 |access-date=19 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="Guardian_20190315">{{cite news |title=Climate strikes held around the world – as it happened |author-last1=Glenza |author-first1=Jessica |author-last2=Evans |author-first2=Alan |author-last3=Ellis-Petersen |author-first3=Hannah |author-last4=Zhou |author-first4=Naaman |date=15 March 2019 |newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}} |issn=0261-3077 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/live/2019/mar/15/climate-strikes-2019-live-latest-climate-change-global-warming |access-date=16 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.is/Ef0BU |archive-date=16 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="BBC strike 2"/><ref name="Barclay">{{Cite news |url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/3/15/18267156/youth-climate-strike-march-15-photos |title=Photos: kids in 123 countries went on strike to protect the climate |author-last=Barclay |author-first=Eliza |date=15 March 2019 |access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref>

On 1 March 2019, 150 students from the global coordination group of the youth-led climate strike (of 15 March), including Thunberg, issued an open letter in ''{{wipe|The Guardian}}'', saying:<ref>{{Cite news |author=Global coordination group of the youth-led climate strike |title=Climate crisis and a betrayed generation |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/01/youth-climate-change-strikers-open-letter-to-world-leaders |newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}} |date=1 March 2019 |access-date=1 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301193217/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/mar/01/youth-climate-change-strikers-open-letter-to-world-leaders |archive-date=1 March 2019}}</ref>
{{Block quote|''We, the young, are deeply concerned about our future. […] We are the voiceless future of humanity. We will no longer accept this injustice. […] We finally need to treat the climate crisis as a crisis. It is the biggest threat in human history and we will not accept the world's decision-makers' inaction that threatens our entire civilisation. […] Climate change is already happening. People did die, are dying and will die because of it, but we can and will stop this madness. […] United we will rise until we see climate justice. We demand the world's decision-makers take responsibility and solve this crisis. You have failed us in the past. If you continue failing us in the future, we, the young people, will make change happen by ourselves. The youth of this world has started to move and we will not rest again.''}}

In Scotland, city councils of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Highland and Fife gave permission for children to attend the strikes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/433571-thousands-of-scottish-students-to-be-allowed-to-miss-school-to-join |title=Thousands of Scottish students to be allowed to miss school to join climate protests |author-first=Brooke |author-last=Seipel |date=11 March 2019 |website=TheHill.com |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> In Finland parental consent letters were sent to schools<ref>{{cite web |url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10685882 |title=Osa nuorista pelkää, uskaltaako perjantain ilmastolakkoon osallistua koulun asenteen takia: Näin rehtorit yrittävät suitsia lakkoilijoita |website=Yle.fi |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> and in the Finnish city of Turku the school board proclaimed that children had a constitutional right to take part in the strikes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ts.fi/uutiset/paikalliset/4513209/Turun+koulutoimenjohtaja+Ilmastolakko+lapsen+perustuslaillinen+oikeus+ei+voida+kieltaa |title=Turun koulutoimenjohtaja: "Ilmastolakko lapsen perustuslaillinen oikeus, ei voida kieltää" |date=14 March 2019 |website=Ts.fi |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref>

On the morning of 15 March in a ''Guardian'' guest editorial, titled "Think we should be at school? Today's climate strike is the biggest lesson of all", school-climate-strikers Thunberg, Anna Taylor, Luisa Neubauer, Kyra Gantois, Anuna De Wever, Adélaïde Charlier, Holly Gillibrand and Alexandria Villaseñor, reiterated their reasons for striking.<ref>{{cite news |author-last1=Thunberg |author-first1=Greta |author-last2=Taylor |author-first2=Anna |author-link2=Anna Taylor (activist) |author-last3=Neubauer |author-first3=Luisa |author-link3=Luisa Neubauer |author-last4=Gantois |author-first4=Kyra |author-last5=De Wever |author-first5=Anuna |author-link5=Anuna De Wever |author-last6=Charlier |author-first6=Adélaïde |author-link6=Adélaïde Charlier |author-last7=Gillibrand |author-first7=Holly |author-last8=Villaseñor |author-first8=Alexandria |author-link8=Alexandria Villaseñor |title=Think we should be at school? Today's climate strike is the biggest lesson of all |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/15/school-climate-strike-greta-thunberg?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other |access-date=15 March 2019 |newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}} |date=15 March 2019}}</ref>

In Germany, more than {{val|300000}} pupils demonstrated in 230<!-- numbers vary between 220 and 230 --> cities with more than {{val|25000}} in Berlin alone.<ref name="Staude_20190315">{{cite web |title=300.000 bei "Fridays for Future" in Deutschland |language=de |trans-title={{val|300000}} at "Fridays for Future" in Germany |author-first=Jens |author-last=Staude |work=Klimareporter |date=15 March 2019 |url=https://www.klimareporter.de/protest/300-000-bei-fridays-for-future |access-date=15 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.is/GE07K |archive-date=15 March 2019}}</ref><ref name="tagesschau_20190315">{{cite web |title=Klima-Demos – von Berlin bis Sydney |language=de |trans-title=Climate demos from Berlin to Sydney |work=Tagesschau |publisher=ARD |date=15 March 2019 |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/klimaschutz-demonstrationen-fridays-for-future-103.html |access-date=16 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316195020/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/klimaschutz-demonstrationen-fridays-for-future-103.html |archive-date=16 March 2019 |quote=#Fridaysforfuture mobilisierte auch in Deutschland Hunderttausende Menschen. Bundesweit waren 220 Proteste angekündigt, an denen sich laut Veranstaltern rund 300.000 Menschen beteiligten. Die meisten Teilnehmer gab es bei der Demonstration in Berlin, wobei die Angaben über die Teilnehmerzahl schwanken. Die Polizei zählte bis zu 20.000 Menschen, die bei dem Zug mitliefen. In München kamen nach Behördenangaben rund 10.000 Teilnehmer zusammen, 6000 versammelten sich in Frankfurt am Main. Auch in anderen Städten wie Köln, Bremen, Hannover und Nürnberg wurde protestiert. [#Fridaysforfuture also mobilised hundreds of thousands of people in Germany. Nationwide 220 protests were announced, in which, according to organisers, about {{val|300000}} people participated. Most participants were at the demonstration in Berlin, for which the information on the number of participants varies. The police counted up to {{val|20000}} people walking along the march. In Munich, according to authorities, about {{val|10000}} participants came together, {{val|6000}} gathered in Frankfurt am Main. Protests also happened in other cities such as Cologne, Bremen, Hanover and Nuremberg.]}} [http://archive.is/axn2I]</ref> In Italy more than {{val|200000}} students demonstrated ({{val|100000}} in Milan according to the organisers). In Montreal more than {{val|150000}} attended; Stockholm {{val|15000}} to {{val|20000}}, Melbourne {{val|30000}}, Brussels {{val|30000}}, and Munich {{val|8000}}. Other cities included Paris, London, Washington, Reykjavík, Oslo, Helsinki, Copenhagen and Tokyo.<ref name="Guardian_20190315"/> In Antarctica, at least seven scientists held a supportive rally at the Neumayer-Station III of Alfred Wegener Institute.<ref>{{Cite news |title=These Photos of Kids Protesting Climate Change All Over the World Will Give You Hope for the Future |author-first1=Jackie Flynn |author-last1=Mogensen |author-last2=Van Pykeren |author-first2=Sam |date=15 March 2019 |newspaper=Mother Jones |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2019/03/global-climate-change-youth-protests-photos/ |access-date=24 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.is/HL8aE |archive-date=24 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=#FridaysForFuture Overwinterer at the Neumayer Station III in the #Antarctic support the #SchoolStrike4Climate #ScientistsForFuture |date=15 March 2019 |publisher=AWI Media |url=https://twitter.com/AWI_Media/status/1106537052944957440/photo/1 |access-date=24 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.is/MacSu |archive-date=24 March 2019}}</ref>

In [[Place:Christchurch|Christchurch]], New Zealand, the strike was abandoned for safety reasons, after a gunman opened fire on two nearby mosques and killed 51 people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/112807302/christchurch-students-striking-for-climate-again|title=Christchurch students striking for climate again|website=Stuff|language=en|access-date=11 December 2019}}</ref>

<gallery mode="packed">
File:Koululakko ilmaston puolesta 20190315.jpg|School Strike for Climate in front of the Parliament House, [[Place:Helsinki|Helsinki]], 15 March 2019
File:Activist Alienor Rougeot-Fridays for future;march 15-2019;Photographer Dina Dong.jpg|"Fridays for Future" 15 March Toronto
File:San Francisco Youth Climate Strike - March 15, 2019 - 22.jpg|School strike in {{wipe|San Francisco}} on 15 March 2019
File:Climate strike Cleveland 01.jpg|School strike in Cleveland on 15 March 2019
File:School Strike for Climate in Wellington 13.jpg|School strike for climate in [[Place:Wellington|Wellington]] on 15 March 2019
File:Grève des lycéens contre le déréglement climatique à Dijon.jpg|A speech being delivered from the stairs of the Jardin Darcy, in Dijon (Côte-d'Or, Burgundy, {{wipe|France}}) for the global climate strike on 15 March 2019
</gallery>

=== {{anchor|20190524}}Second Global Climate Strike on 24 May 2019 ===
[[File:Stuttgart Fridays for future Frontbanner 20190524 yj.jpg|thumb|Climate Strike in [[Place:Stuttgart|Stuttgart]] on 24 May 2019]]
[[File:Students protesting Climate Change inactio in Lisbon, Portugal.webm|thumb|Climate Strike in [[Place:Lisbon|Lisbon]] on 24 May 2019]]

A second wave of global climate strikes began with actions in New Zealand and Australia on 24 May 2019.<ref>{{cite news |title=Students walk out in global climate strike |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-48392551 |access-date=24 May 2019 |agency=BBC |date=24 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title='We're one, we're back': Pupils renew world climate action strike |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/05/pupils-renew-climate-action-world-strike-190524051317704.html |access-date=24 May 2019 |work=www.aljazeera.com |date=24 May 2019}}</ref> Hundreds of thousands of school students around the world struck in more than 1600 towns in at least 125 countries.<ref name="Gerretsen_20190524"/> Thunberg, one of the organizers, said that the strike took place on the second day of the four-day 2019 European Parliament election in order to affect it.<ref name=":4"/> Polls conducted at the time show that climate change was an important issue for voters in the election—the most important issue for German voters.<ref name=":4"/>

=== {{anchor|AC2106}}International climate strike in Aachen on 21 June 2019===
Fridays for Future Deutschland called for a major climate strike under the motto "Climate justice without borders – United for a future" also inviting people from 17 countries<!-- including Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, Switzerland, Italy, UK, Austria, Denmark --> to come to Aachen on 21 June 2019. Protesters gathered at several points all over the city (including at Aachen main station, Westpark, RWTH {{ill|CARL (RWTH){{!}}CARL|de|CARL (Hörsaalgebäude)}} and Vaals) representing different chapters of the movement.<ref name="tagesschau_AC"/> Accompanied by several musical groups, they then walked or drove with bicycles through the streets to the main event at the Tivoli, thereby blocking larger parts of the traffic infrastructure for hours. Some protesters occupied a house, a bridge and several poles to raise large posters. A number of {{val|10000}} to {{val|20000}} people was anticipated. According to the organizers, with eventually {{val|40000}} protesters this peaceful event turned out to be the largest single FFF climate strike in a German city that far.<ref name="Zeit_20190621"/><ref name="DLF_2019"/><ref name="DW_2019"/><ref name="Bierwisch_2019"/><ref name="Ballig_2019"/><ref name="Pilger_2019"/><ref group="nb" name="NB_Hambach-Forest"/> The police acknowledged the originally anticipated numbers.<ref name="SPON-1273651"/><ref name="aachener-521959"/> Among the many speakers were Cyril Dion (France),<ref name="Ballig_2019"/> Karen Raymond<!-- sometimes abbreviated as Ray --> (India), Tetet Nera-Lauron<!-- often abbreviated as Lauron --> (Philippines) and Jesse (Netherlands), Milan Schwarze and Sina Chom (Ende Gelände),<ref name="Ballig_2019"/> as well as activists from the Hambach Forest, [[Earth:Pacific Climate Warriors|Pacific Climate Warriors]],<ref name="Ballig_2019"/> {{lang|de|Alle Dörfer bleiben!}} (English: ''All villages stay!'') and ''All In for Climate Action''. Artists participating in the event included Brass Riot, Culcha Candela,<ref name="Pilger_2019"/> {{ill|Bodo Wartke|de}}, {{ill|Moop Mama|de}}, Ruslana Lyschytschko,<ref name="tagesschau_AC"/> KingzCorner,<ref name="Kingz_2019"/> Leo Holldack and Davide Martello. Among the protesters were Rezo and Anton Hofreiter.

In parallel to this event, a group of [[Earth:Ende Gelände 2019|Ende Gelände 2019]] activists started protests at the nearby Garzweiler II open-pit lignite mine, blocking various mining infrastructure over the weekend.<ref name="Gerich_2019"/><ref name="Leipziger_2019_1"/><ref name="Leipziger_2019_2"/> FFFD had recently declared its [[Philosophy:Solidarity|solidarity]] with this movement, stating that under the circumstances civil disobedience would be a legitimate form of protest to save the future, but, organizing another demonstration on 22 June 2019 in Hochneukirch/Jüchen in the direct neighborhood of the open-pit mine,<ref name="Barknanger_2019"/> that Fridays for Future would remain on the legal side.<ref name="faz-16247808"/><ref name="tagessch-103"/>

On 19 June 2019, shortly before the events, the city of Aachen had followed several other German cities and declared a "[[Earth:Climate emergency declaration|climate emergency]]" state.<ref name="Aachen_Climate_Emergency"/>

=== {{anchor|20190805}}International conference in Lausanne on 5–9 August 2019 ===
From 5 to 9 August 2019, the [[Organization:University of Lausanne|University of Lausanne]] hosted 450 young Europeans from the climate strike movement for the "SMILE for Future" conference ("Summer Meeting in [[Place:Lausanne|Lausanne]] Europe").<ref>[https://smileforfuture.eu Official website of the "SMILE for Future" meeting] (page visited on 9 August 2019).</ref><ref name="SwissinfoSMILE">{{Cite news |title='SMILE for Future': Lausanne environment activists call for action on global warming |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/summit-declaration_environment-activists-call-for-action-on-global-warming/45150342 |work=Swissinfo |date=9 August 2019 |access-date=10 August 2019 |language=en}}</ref> On 9 August 2019, the conference ended with a demonstration and the publication of the ''Lausanne Climate Declaration'' stating the values, objectives and measures proposed by the movements' participants in Lausanne.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lausanne Climate Declaration |url=https://covcan.uk/lausanne-climate-declaration/ |website=Coventry Climate Action Network |date=29 August 2019}}</ref><ref name="SwissinfoSMILE"/>

=== Global Week of Climate Action on 20–27 September 2019 ===
{{Main|Earth:September 2019 climate strikes}}
[[File:20–27 September Climate strikes attendee numbers.svg|thumb|Protest attendee numbers from 20–27 September 2019, by country. {{legend|#22280B|1,000,000+}}
{{legend|#445016|100,000+}}
{{legend|#677821|10,000+}}
{{legend|#89A02C|1,000+}}
{{legend|#ABC837|100+}}
{{legend|#BCD35F|Small protests, unclear numbers}}|304px]]
Advocated by the grassroots movement [[Organization:Earth Strike|Earth Strike]], the Global Week for Future was a series of strikes and events from 20–27 September 2019, primarily focused on the two Fridays 20 and 27 September. Timed to occur around the UN Climate Action Summit on 23 September,<ref name="elle">{{Cite web |url=https://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/a28985212/global-climate-strike-details-dates/ |title=The World Is Burning, and Teens Are Fighting: What to Know About the Global Climate Strike |author-last=Feller |author-first=Madison |date=17 September 2019 |website=Elle |language=en-US |access-date=19 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920132926/https://www.elle.com/culture/career-politics/a28985212/global-climate-strike-details-dates/ |archive-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> the protests were planned in 4500 locations across 150 countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/20/climate-strikes-us-students-greta-thunberg |title=US to stage its largest ever climate strike: 'Somebody must sound the alarm' |work={{wipe|The Guardian}} |author-last=Milman |author-first=Oliver |date=20 September 2019 |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920060536/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/sep/20/climate-strikes-us-students-greta-thunberg |archive-date=20 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nature.com/immersive/d41586-019-02711-4/index.html |title=The hard truths of climate change — by the numbers |work=Nature |author-last=Tollefson |author-first=Jeff |date=18 September 2019 |access-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190919123135/https://www.nature.com/immersive/d41586-019-02711-4/index.html |archive-date=19 September 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Organizers of 20 September protests reported that over 4 million people participated in strikes worldwide,<ref name="Vox 350">{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2019/9/20/20876143/climate-strike-2019-september-20-crowd-estimate |title=How big was the global climate strike? 4 million people, activists estimate. |work=Vox |author-last1=Barclay |author-first1=Eliza |author-last2=Resnick |author-first2=Brian}}</ref> including 1.4 million participants in Germany and {{val|300000}} protesters in Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zdf.de/uri/2e409846-e515-4055-a7df-140ca15c9f24 |title=Rekordzahlen bei Klimademos: In Deutschland demonstrieren 1,4 Millionen Menschen |website=www.zdf.de |language=de |access-date=21 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-09-20/school-strike-for-climate-draws-thousands-to-australian-rallies/11531612 |title='It's our future': Climate strike draws 'hundreds of thousands' to rallies across Australia demanding action |date=20 September 2019 |website=ABC News |language=en-AU |access-date=21 September 2019}}</ref> 27 September protests had a turnout of over 2 million people worldwide, including 1 million people in Italy and several hundred thousand people in Canada.<ref name="Guardian 6 million">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/sep/27/climate-crisis-6-million-people-join-latest-wave-of-worldwide-protests|title=Climate crisis: 6 million people join latest wave of global protests|work={{wipe|The Guardian}}|last=Taylor|first=Matthew|last2=Watts|first2=Jonathan|last3=Bartlett|first3=John|date=27 September 2019|accessdate=28 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Repubblica million"/><ref name="BBC Canada">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-49856860|title=Hundreds of thousands join Canada climate strikes|publisher=BBC|last=Murphy|first=Jessica|date=27 September 2019|accessdate=28 September 2019}}</ref>

=== {{anchor|20191129}}Fourth Global Climate Strike on 29 November 2019 ===
On 29 November 2019, three days before the start of the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP25) in Madrid, demonstrations took place in 2,400 cities across 157 countries to protest government inaction on the climate crisis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/climate-change-protests-marches-worldwide-ahead-of-un-talks/a-51460018|title=Climate change protests: Marches worldwide ahead of UN talks|date=29 November 2019|work=Deutsche Welle|language=en-GB|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=29 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/29/hundreds-of-thousands-of-students-join-global-climate-strikes|title=Hundreds of thousands of students join global climate strikes|last=Taylor|first=Matthew|date=29 November 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=30 November 2019|last2=Pidd|first2=Helen|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|last3=Murray|first3=Jessica}}</ref> The organizers estimated the number of participants at 2 million,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Carlisle |first1=Madeleine |title=Millions Around The World Strike on Black Friday for Action on Climate Change |url=https://time.com/5741593/black-friday-climate-strike/ |accessdate=3 December 2019 |agency=Times |date=29 November 2019}}</ref> including about {{val|630000}} people in Germany.<ref name="zeit-2019-11-29">{{cite web |title=Hunderttausende demonstrieren für das Klima |language=de |date=29 November 2019 |work=Zeit Online |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2019-11/fridays-for-future-klimaprotest-demonstrationen-klimaschutz |access-date=30 November 2019}}</ref>

==Digital climate strike==
The climate strike online movement, sometimes referred to as "digital strike", was started by two Asian-American climate activists from the {{wipe|United States}} in April of 2019. This branch of climate striking was created in order to make climate activism accessible to those unable to strike physically. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.earthday.org/youth-digital-striking-fridays-for-future/|title=Can't Strike For the Planet? Digital Striking Provides an Alternative|publisher=Earth Day Network|language=English|author=Brandon Pytel|date=22 November 2020}}</ref> In March 2020, following the COVID-19 pandemic, Greta Thunberg encouraged the movement to instead of gathering at the streets and town squares, sit at home with a sign and post the image on the [[Internet]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newyorker.com/books/under-review/how-greta-thunberg-transformed-existential-dread-into-a-movement|title=How Greta Thunberg Transformed Existential Dread Into a Movement|publisher=New Yorker|language=English|author=Emily Witt|date=6 April 2020|accessdate=12 April 2020}}</ref> The movement has since amassed notable popularity due to restrictions passed regarding large gatherings during the [[Social:COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns|COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns]], receiving attention from organizations such as Greenpeace and Amnesty International. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.earthday.org/coronavirus-drives-digital-climate-striking-movement/|title=Coronavirus Drives Digital Striking Movement|publisher=Earth Day Network|language=English|author=Brandon Pytel|date=19 March 2020}}</ref>

Since its formation, the Fridays for Future Digital movement has engaged in a series of campaigns aimed at raising awareness to various [[Philosophy:Intersectionality|climate justice issues]]. These include efforts to teach [[Earth:Climate change education|climate change education]] in schools and protect [[Earth:Climate change and indigenous peoples|indigenous climate activists]] from harmful government policies. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/teen-climate-activists-coronavirus-strike/2020/04/10/521a0e5a-7448-11ea-85cb-8670579b863d_story.html|title=Their Schools and Streets Empty, Teen Climate Activists Find New Ways to Strike|publisher=Washington Post|language=English|author=Hannah Natanson|date=10 April 2020</ref>

==Scientific background==
{{Main|Earth:Greenhouse effect|Earth:Global warming|Earth:Climate change}}
It is [[Earth:Scientific consensus on climate change|accepted by the vast majority of scientists]] that the greenhouse effect which warms Earth is much increased by emission of vast amounts of [[Chemistry:Carbon dioxide|carbon dioxide]] and some other gases by human activities.<ref>
{{cite web |title=Joint Science Academies' Statement
 |url=http://nationalacademies.org/onpi/06072005.pdf
 |date=2005
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130909022954/http://www.nationalacademies.org/onpi/06072005.pdf
 |archive-date=9 September 2013
 |url-status=live
}}</ref> In the historical past the greenhouse effect, driven by volcanic and microbial [[Earth:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere|carbon dioxide emission]], prevented the earth from being [[Earth:Snowball Earth#Breaking out of global glaciation|permanently encased in ice]], but since humanity industrialised, atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased and is causing ever more harmful global warming and climate change. The only processes that take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere (once takeup by acidifying the oceans is saturated) are geological—locking up of carbon by weathering and formation of rocks as carbonates and other compounds, on a timescale of hundreds of thousands of years<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/jan/16/greenhouse-gases-remain-air |title=How long do greenhouse gases stay in the air? |newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}} |date=16 January 2012 |author1=Carbon Brief |author-first2=Duncan |author-last2=Clark}}</ref>—and botanical, uptake of carbon by vegetation, locking it up unless the vegetation burns or rots without being replaced, on a timescale of, at best, centuries.

Adults in positions of authority, in the form of fossil fuel corporations and global governments, are seen as being responsible for large carbon dioxide emissions, and doing far too little to reduce them.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/shortcuts/2019/feb/27/is-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-right-to-ask-if-the-climate-means-we-should-have-fewer-children |title=Is Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez right to ask if the climate means we should have fewer children? |newspaper=The Guardian |date=27 February 2019 |author-first=Matthew |author-last=Taylor}}</ref> A 2019 statement by over 12,000 scientists says that "Young people’s concerns are justified and supported by the best available science".<ref name="Warren2019"/>

==={{anchor|S4F}}Support from scientists===
{{Main|Organization:Scientists for Future}}
[[File:Scientists for Future 20190315.JPG|thumb|left|German scientists Volker Quaschning, Eckart von Hirschhausen, {{ill|Henning Krause|de}}, {{ill|Martin Visbeck|de}} and {{ill|Gregor Hagedorn|wikidata|Q28913574}}, at 15 March 2019 climate march at {{ill|Invalidenpark|de}}, Berlin-Mitte, in front of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy<!-- Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie -->]]
On 31 January 2019, more than {{val|3400}} Belgian scientists and academics signed an open letter in support of the school strikes.<ref name="scientists4climate-be">{{cite web |url=https://scientists4climate.be/letter/english/ |title=Strengthen your climate ambitions! |author=Scientsts4Climate |date=31 January 2019}}</ref> The letter reads "On the basis of the facts supplied by climate science, the campaigners are right. That is why we, as scientists, support them."<ref name="vrtnws-2019">{{cite news |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/01/30/3-300-belgische-wetenschappers-zetten-feiten-op-een-rijtje-in-op/ |title=Meer dan 3.400 wetenschappers zetten feiten op een rij in open brief: "Klimaatbetogers hebben groot gelijk" |date=31 January 2019 |access-date=31 January 2019 |publisher=vrtnws |website=www.vrt.be}}</ref> This was followed by an open letter in support of the school strikes in the Netherlands, signed by 340 scientists,<ref name="dutchnews-2019">{{cite news |url=https://www.dutchnews.nl/news/2019/02/350-scientists-back-dutch-school-kids-climate-demonstration/ |title=350 scientists back Dutch school kids climate demonstration |date=7 February 2019 |access-date=9 February 2019 |publisher=DutchNews |website=DutchNews.nl}}</ref> and by {{val|1200}} researchers in Finland signing a letter, on 11 March 2019, supporting the strikes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-10683192 |title=Yli 1200 tutkijaa tukee ilmastolakkoilevia nuoria: "Planeetan hyväksikäyttö on lastemme laiminlyöntiä" |website=Yle.fi |access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> An article published in ''Nature'' in March 2019 listed many other expressions of support, and  no criticisms, from scientists, with comments such as "The idea of a climate strike is innovative. It’s provocative, and I think it’s the right form of non-violent civil disobedience".<ref name="Warren2019">{{cite journal |author-last=Warren |author-first=Matthew |title=Thousands of scientists are backing the kids striking for climate change |journal=Nature |volume=567 |issue=7748 |date=2019 |pages=291–292 |issn=0028-0836 |doi=10.1038/d41586-019-00861-z|pmid=30890800 |bibcode=2019Natur.567..291W |doi-access=free }}</ref>

In Germany, Austria, and Switzerland a group of scientists founded ''[[Organization:Scientists for Future|Scientists for Future]]'' (S4F) in support of the factual correctness of the claims formulated by the movement.<ref>{{cite web |title=Scientists4Future - Wissenschaftler unterstützen Schülerdemos für den Klimaschutz |language=de |author-first=Anja |author-last=Nehls |date=12 March 2019 |publisher=Deutschlandfunk |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/scientists4future-wissenschaftler-unterstuetzen.697.de.html?dram:article_id=443354 |access-date=16 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190316120335/https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/scientists4future-wissenschaftler-unterstuetzen.697.de.html?dram:article_id=443354 |archive-date=16 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=12 000 Wissenschaftler stellen sich hinter die streikenden Schüler |language=de |author-first=Stefan |author-last=Rahmstorf |date=15 March 2019 |orig-year=12 March 2019 |website=scilogs.spektrum.de |url=https://scilogs.spektrum.de/klimalounge/12-000-wissenschaftler-stellen-sich-hinter-die-streikenden-schueler/ |access-date=16 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.is/38SHh |archive-date=16 March 2019 |quote=Update 15.3.: wir haben noch bis gestern Abend weiter gesammelt – ein paar Tage mehr und jetzt haben schon mehr als 23 000 Forscher unterschrieben!}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pressemitteilung für Deutschland der Initiative Scientists for Future |language=de |date=12 March 2019 |location=Berlin, Germany |author-first1=Gregor |author-last1=Hagedorn |author-link1=:wikidata:Q28913574 |author-first2=Maja |author-last2=Göpel |author-link2=:de:Maja Göpel |author-first3=Volker |author-last3=Quaschning |author-link3=Volker Quaschning |author-first4=Karen Helen |author-last4=Wiltshire |author-link4=Karen Helen Wiltshire |url=https://www.scientists4future.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/S4F_PM_20190312_DE.pdf |access-date=16 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.is/9IrLi |archive-date=16 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Schüler in über 100 Staaten demonstrieren für mehr Klimaschutz |language=de |author=dpa |date=15 March 2019 |newspaper=[[Social:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] (FAZ) |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/klimaschutz-schueler-in-ueber-100-staaten-demonstrieren-16090936.html |access-date=16 March 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=http://archive.is/BM0EJ |archive-date=16 March 2019}}</ref> The statement was signed by over {{val|26000}} German-language scientists and scholars.<ref name="Hagedorn_2019b"/>

On 14 March 2019, the [[Organization:Club of Rome|Club of Rome]] issued an official statement in support of Thunberg and the strikes, urging governments across the world to respond to this call for action and cut global carbon emissions.<ref name="CoR_2019_Statement"/>

In early April 2019, a letter titled "Concerns of young protesters are justified" was published in ''Science''. The letter declared that the climate strikers' concerns are "justified and supported by the best available science" and was signed by over {{val|3000}} scientists worldwide.<ref name="Hagedorn_2019a"/>

In June 2019, {{val|1000}} healthcare professionals in the UK and elsewhere, including professors, eminent public health figures, and former presidents of royal colleges, called for widespread non-violent civil disobedience in response to "woefully inadequate" government policies on the unfolding ecological emergency. They called on politicians and the news media to face the facts of the unfolding ecological emergency and take  action. They supported the school strike movement and Extinction Rebellion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/jun/27/doctors-call-for-nonviolent-direct-action-over-climate-crisis |title=Doctors call for nonviolent direct action over climate crisis |newspaper=The Guardian |author=Matthew Taylor|date= 27 June 2019}}</ref>

== Reactions by schools, politicians, and parents ==
The strikes have been both praised and criticised by adults in positions of authority. In the [[Social:European Union|European Union]], the movement enjoyed significant support by the pan-European party Volt Europa which, according to a report by Parents for Future before the European Elections 2019, shared all demands published by Fridays For Future in April 2019.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.klimawahl-2019.eu/?page_id=149|title=Parents For Future: Antworten der Parteien|website=klimawahl-2019.eu|date=15 August 2019|author=Parents For Future Karlsruhe|language=de}}</ref>

Conservative politicians in the United Kingdom and Australia have described the strikes as truancy; some children have been punished or arrested for striking or demonstrating.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://inews.co.uk/news/uk/schoolgirls-banned-prom-attending-climate-emergency-protest/ |title=Three schoolgirls have been banned from their end of year prom after going on a climate emergency march |newspaper=i News|author=Josh Barrie |date= 21 June 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://rightsinfo.org/school-climate-strikes-tens-of-thousands-of-children-skip-class-in-third-national-action/ |title=School Climate Strikes: Tens of Thousands of Children Skip Class in Third National Action|website=RightsInfo |date=12 April 2019  |author=Charlotte England}}</ref> UK Prime Minister Theresa May criticised the strikes as wasting lesson and teaching time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Theresa May criticises pupils missing school to protest over climate change |author-first=Alan |author-last=McGuinness |date=15 February 2019 |work=sky news |publisher=Sky UK |url=https://news.sky.com/story/theresa-may-criticises-pupils-missing-school-to-protest-over-climate-change-11638238 |access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref> Jeremy Corbyn, leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition, voiced his support for the strikes,<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=jeremycorbyn|last=Corbyn|first=Jeremy|number=1096358314743685120|date=15 February 2019|title=Climate change is the greatest threat that we all face but it is the school kids of today whose futures are most on the line. They are right to feel let down by the generation before them and it’s inspiring to see them making their voice heard today.#SchoolStrike4Climate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet|user=jeremycorbyn|last=Corbyn|first=Jeremy|number=1116710295467188229|date=12 April 2019|
title=I support the young people striking today and thank them for taking action. We urgently need to decarbonise the economy, invest in green jobs to rebuild our communities, and protect those most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.|link=no}}</ref> as did leaders of other UK parties.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/15/uk-politicians-climate-change-party-youth-strikers|title=Do UK politicians support the climate strike? Party leaders respond {{!}} Jeremy Corbyn and others|last=Corbyn|first=Jeremy|date=15 March 2019|work=The Guardian|access-date=9 May 2019|last2=Sturgeon|first2=Nicola|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|last3=Cable|first3=Vince|last4=Berry|first4=Siân}}</ref> UK energy minister Claire Perry said that she would have joined the strikes in her younger days.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-47250424 |title=Climate strike: Schoolchildren protest over climate change|website=BBC News |date=15 February 2019|author=}}</ref> David Reed,  director of charity Generation Change, pointed out that "the school leaders seem to have missed the point of efforts over the past decade to raise education standards. For what does excellence in education look like if it’s not pupils being engaged enough on issues such as climate change to do something about them?"<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/14/children-climate-strike-schools-activism-pupils |title=If children don't join the climate strike, their schools are underachieving|author-last=Reed |author-first=David |date=14 March 2019 |newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}} |access-date=11 April 2019 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

Prime Minister of Australia Scott Morrison called for "more learning and less activism" following the strikes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/climate-change/why-scott-morrison-is-worse-than-tony-abbott/news-story/ac9c3a43a0097e668b5e4ab4406bcb4a |title=Scott Morrison, student climate strike: PM calls for 'less activism in schools' |website=www.news.com.au |access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref> Australia's Education Minister Dan Tehan said that if school students think that issues are important, they should take action after school or on weekends.<ref name="ReutersVoldemort">{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-youth-idUSKCN1QW01S |title='Worse than Voldemort': Global students' strike targets climate change |date=15 March 2019 |via=www.reuters.com}}</ref>

In New Zealand, there was mixed response from politicians, community leaders, and schools. Students were threatened to be marked as truant by some principals for attending the strike without their parents' or school's permission.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/environment/climate-news/111013724/students-who-strike-for-climate-change-will-be-marked-as-truants-principals-say |title=Students who strike for climate change will be marked as truants, principals say |author-last1=Woolf |author-first1=Amber-Leigh |date=7 March 2019 |work=climate news |publisher=Stuff Limited |access-date=12 March 2019 |author-first2=Adele |author-last2=Redmond}}</ref> Judith Collins, and several other Members of Parliament were dismissive of the impact of the strike,<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tvnz.co.nz/one-news/new-zealand/not-going-help-world-one-bit-judith-collins-says-mps-voice-opinions-school-students-climate-change-protest |title='Not going to help the world one bit' Judith Collins says as MPs voice opinions about school students' climate change protest |work=TVNZ |access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref> while Climate Change Minister James Shaw expressed support noting that little attention would be paid to marchers protesting on the weekend.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/111149062/telling-students-whethTeher-to-take-part-in-climate-change-strike-patronising-shaw-says |title=Telling students whether to take part in climate change strike 'patronising', Shaw says |website=Stuff |access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/opinion/111139469/student-climate-strikes-rules-dont-matter-when-youre-fighting-for-your-future |title=Student climate change strike: Rules don't matter when you're fighting for your future |website=Stuff |access-date=16 March 2019}}</ref>

On 15 March 2019 the UN General Secretary António Guterres embraced the strikers, admitting that "My generation has failed to respond properly to the dramatic challenge of climate change. This is deeply felt by young people. No wonder they are angry." Guterres invited world leaders to a UN summit in September 2019 with "concrete realistic plans to enhance their nationally determined contributions by 2020".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/15/climate-strikers-urgency-un-summit-world-leaders |title=The climate strikers should inspire us all to act at the next UN summit |author-first=António |author-last=Guterres |date=15 March 2019 |newspaper={{wipe|The Guardian}} |access-date=18 March 2019}}</ref>

Many parents, including public figures, have supported the children's climate strikes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/09/parents-to-protest-in-support-of-childrens-climate-strikes |title=Parents to protest in support of children's climate strikes |newspaper=The Guardian |date=9 May 2019  |author= Damian Carrington}}</ref> A spokesperson for the "Our Kids’ Climate" organization says that "an adult’s presence can help keep strikers safe," and "suggests bringing a sign that will resonate with other parents, for example a sign that says “I’m a concerned mom.”<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2019/12/parents-have-a-role-to-play-in-youth-climate-strikes-advocate-says/|title=Parents have a role to play in youth climate strikes, advocate says|last=ChavoBart Digital Media|date=2 December 2019|website=Yale Climate Connections|language=en-US|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=8 December 2019}}</ref> The Moms Clean Air Force recommends contacting school officials, providing snacks for the children, and standing with signs in solidarity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.momscleanairforce.org/parents-support-kids-climate-strike/|title=How Parents Can Support the Youth Climate Strike|date=9 September 2019|website=Moms Clean Air Force|language=en-US|access-date=8 December 2019}}</ref>

The Elders Climate Action organization has created T-shirts which feature a grandparent hand in hand with a child, and seeks to mobilize "grandparents, great aunts and great uncles ... while there is still time to protect the well-being of our grandchildren.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eldersclimateaction.org/aboutus/|title=About Us|website=Elders Climate Action|language=en-US|access-date=8 December 2019}}</ref>

Showing a trend of new environment-related dictionary terms, "climate strike" was named Collins Dictionary’s 2019 word of the year.<ref name=Guardian_20101106/> Collins lexicographers had noticed a hundredfold increase in the use of the term in 2019, the largest of any word on their list.<ref name=Guardian_20101106>{{cite news |last1=Hanson |first1=Johanne Elster |title='Climate strike' named 2019 word of the year by Collins Dictionary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/nov/07/climate-strike-named-2019-word-of-the-year-by-collins-dictionary |work=The Guardian |date=6 November 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116214118/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/nov/07/climate-strike-named-2019-word-of-the-year-by-collins-dictionary |archivedate=16 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Censorship ==
=== India ===
In July 2020, the website of the Indian collective of Fridays for Future groups was blocked by the Government of India. The groups were leading a campaign against a controversial new EIA Draft proposed by the government. <ref>{{cite web |title=Environmental Websites Leading The Movement Against India’s Controversial New Proposal Are Blocked |url=https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/v7gzxb/environmental-websites-leading-the-movement-against-indias-controversial-eia-notification-2020-are-blocked |website=Vice |accessdate=15 July 2020}}</ref>

== Awards ==
On 7 June 2019, Fridays for Future and Greta Thunberg were honoured with Amnesty International's Ambassador of Conscience award. Secretary General Kumi Naidoo said:<blockquote>"We are humbled and inspired by the determination with which youth activists across the world are challenging us all to confront the realities of the climate crisis. Every young person taking part in Fridays for Future embodies what it means to act on your conscience. They remind us that we are more powerful than we know and that we all have a role to play in protecting human rights against climate catastrophe."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amnestyusa.org/press-releases/climate-activists-greta-thunberg-and-the-fridays-for-future-movement-honored-with-top-amnesty-international-award/|title=Climate activists Greta Thunberg and the Fridays for Future movement honored with top Amnesty International award|website=Amnesty International USA|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-07}}</ref></blockquote>

== See also ==
* List of school climate strikes
* [[Earth:Climate justice|Climate justice]]
* Commission on Growth, Structural Change and Employment (Germany)
* [[Organization:Earth Strike|Earth Strike]]
* [[Earth:Individual action on climate change|Individual action on climate change]]
* [[Earth:Individual and political action on climate change|Individual and political action on climate change]]
* List of rallies and protest marches in Washington, D.C.
* Regional effects of global warming
* Pulse of Europe<ref name="Behrens_2019"/><ref name="SWR_2019"/>
* Youth activism
* March for Our Lives
*Hilda Flavia Nakabuye

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|group="nb"|refs=
<ref group="nb" name="NB_Hambach-Forest">Except for the "{{lang|de|Wald retten – Kohle stoppen!}}" (English: "Save the forest – Stop coal!") demonstration on 6 October 2018 at the Hambach Forest, which drew some {{val|50000}} people, but was more focused on stopping lignite mining and saving the forest rather than preventing climate change in general.</ref>
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Rippstein">{{Cite news |author-first=Julia |author-last=Rippstein |url=https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/suisse-lheure-lurgence-climatique-sonne |title=En Suisse, l'heure de l'urgence climatique a sonné |date=18 January 2019 |newspaper=Le Temps |language=fr |quote=Ce mouvement d’ampleur nationale a vu 22 000 gymnasiens, apprentis et étudiants crier à l’urgence climatique dans les rues de Lausanne, Fribourg ou Saint-Gall au lieu d’aller en classe. [This nationwide movement saw {{val|22000}} high-schoolers, apprentices and students shouting at the climatic emergency in the streets of Lausanne, Fribourg or St. Gallen instead of going to class.]}}</ref>
<ref name="RTS-ATS">{{Cite news |url=https://www.rts.ch/info/suisse/10148834-des-milliers-d-etudiants-suisses-se-mobilisent-contre-l-inaction-climatique.html |title=Les jeunes se sont mobilisés pour le climat un peu partout en Suisse |date=18 January 2019 |publisher=Radio Télévision Suisse |language=fr |quote=En tout, une quinzaine de villes participent à cette action. [In all, about fifteen cities participate in this action.]}}</ref>
<ref name="Hendrischke">{{Cite news |author-first=Maria |author-last=Hendrischke |url=https://www.mdr.de/sachsen-anhalt/halle/halle/schueler-streiken-fuer-klimaschutz-fridays-for-future-100.html |title=Schüler streiken für Klimaschutz: "It's our fucking future" |trans-title=Pupils strike for climate protection |date=18 January 2019 |publisher=Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR) |language=de |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218033313/https://www.mdr.de/sachsen-anhalt/halle/halle/schueler-streiken-fuer-klimaschutz-fridays-for-future-100.html |archive-date=18 February 2019 |quote=Am Freitag haben Kinder und Jugendliche in mehr als 50 Städten in ganz Deutschland protestiert. Etwa 25.000 junge Menschen sind nach Angaben von Fridays for Future bundesweit auf die Straßen gegangen. Halle war die einzige Stadt in Sachsen-Anhalt, die sich an der Demo beteiligt hat.}}</ref>
<ref name="BBC15Feb">{{Cite news |title=Schoolchildren go on strike over climate change |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/amp/uk-47250424 |access-date=15 February 2019 |work=BBC News |date=15 February 2019}}</ref>
<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=http://time.com/5595365/global-climate-strikes-greta-thunberg/|title=Students From 1,600 Cities Just Walked Out of School to Protest Climate Change. It Could Be Greta Thunberg's Biggest Strike Yet|last=Haynes|first=Suyin|date=24 May 2019|work={{wipe|Time (magazine)}}|access-date=27 May 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Behrens_2019">{{cite web |url=http://fudder.de/sonntag-fridays-for-future-und-pulse-of-europe-auf-dem-platz-der-alten-synagoge--167219602.html |author-first=Charlot |author-last=Behrens |title=Sonntag: Fridays for Future und Pulse of Europe auf dem Platz der Alten Synagoge |language=de |date=28 February 2019 |access-date=10 April 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="SWR_2019">{{cite web |url=https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/rheinland-pfalz/koblenz/Gemeinsame-Aktion-vor-dem-Rathaus-Pulse-of-Europa-demonstriert-gemeinsam-mit-Fridays-for-Future-in-Koblenz,pulse-of-europe-demonstriert-mit-fridays-for-future-in-koblenz-100.html |title=Gemeinsame Aktion in Koblenz "Pulse of Europe" demonstriert mit "Fridays for Future" |language=de |publisher=Südwestrundfunk |date=7 April 2019 |access-date=10 April 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="SPON-1273651">{{cite web |title=Klimaschutz-Protest in Aachen – Tausende Schüler bei erster internationaler "Fridays for Future"-Demo – In Aachen ist die bisher größte zentrale Fridays-For-Future-Demonstration gestartet. Zehntausende Teilnehmer aus mehreren europäischen Ländern gingen auf die Straße. |language=de |author=jkl/dpa |work=Spiegel Online |date=21 June 2019 |url=https://www.spiegel.de/lebenundlernen/schule/fridays-for-future-tausende-schueler-demonstrieren-in-aachen-fuer-klimaschutz-a-1273651.html |access-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.fo/oj7Xu |archive-date=21 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="aachener-521959">{{cite web |url=https://www.aachener-zeitung.de/nrw-region/liveblog-zur-fridays-for-future-grossdemonstration-in-aachen-am-tivoli_aid-39521959 |language=de |title="Fridays for Future" in Aachen: Liveblog zur Großdemo am Tivoli |author-first1=Annika |author-last1=Kasties |author-first2=Sarah Lena |author-last2=Gombert |author-first3=Michael |author-last3=Grobusch |author-first4=Ines |author-last4=Kubat |author-first5=Kim |author-last5=Statzner |author-first6=Björn |author-last6=Hellmich |newspaper=Aachener Zeitung (AZ) |date=21 June 2019 |access-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.fo/CCE2Q |archive-date=21 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="faz-16247808">{{cite news |author-first=Sarah |author-last=Obertreis |title=Der lange Zug von Aachen |language=de |trans-title=The long train of Aachen |newspaper=[[Social:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung|Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] (FAZ) |date=21 June 2019 |url=https://www.faz.net/1.6247808 |access-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.fo/BLGXW |archive-date=21 June 2019 |quote=„Wir erachten zivilen Ungehorsam als legitime Protestform. Er ist zwingend notwendig zum Schutz unserer Zukunft.“ […] „Fridays for Future wird auf der legalen Seite bleiben.“}}</ref>
<ref name="tagessch-103">{{cite web |title="Fridays for Future": Internationaler Klimastreik in Aachen – "Fridays for Future" in Aachen "Oma, was ist ein Schneemann?" |language=de |work=Tagesschau |publisher=ARD |date=21 June 2019 |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/fridaysforfuture-aachen-103.html |access-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.fo/2PiP8 |archive-date=21 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="tagesschau_AC">{{cite web |title=Aachen: Fridays for Future-Protest – Reportage und Interviews |editor-first=Isabel |editor-last=Schayani |work=Tagesschau |publisher=ARD |language=de |date=21 June 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ErZBTLHDus |access-date=21 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Aachen_Climate_Emergency">{{cite web |title="Klimanotstand" – Aachen folgt weiteren deutschen Städten |language=de |date=19 June 2019 |work=Deutschlandfunk |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/klimanotstand-aachen-folgt-weiteren-deutschen-staedten.1939.de.html?drn:news_id=1019262 |access-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.fo/j77s7 |archive-date=21 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Zeit_20190621">{{cite web |title=Sie meinen es ernst |language=de |work=Zeit Online |date=21 June 2019 |url=https://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2019-06/fridays-for-future-klimaprostest-aachen-fs-3?uhttps://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/2019-06/fridays-for-future-klimaprostest-aachen-fs-3 |access-date=22 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.fo/BBSsx |archive-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="DLF_2019">{{cite web |title="Fridays for Future"Zehntausende demonstrieren in Aachen für mehr Klimaschutz |language=de |publisher=Deutschlandfunk |date=21 June 2019 |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/fridays-for-future-zehntausende-demonstrieren-in-aachen.1939.de.html?drn:news_id=1019749 |access-date=22 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Barknanger_2019">{{cite web |title="Fridays For Future" sammelt sich zum Protest am Tagebau |language=de |author=dpa |location=Jüchen |work=Barknanger Kreiszeitung |date=22 June 2019 |url=https://www.bkz.de/nachrichten/fridays-for-future-sammelt-sich-zum-protest-am-tagebau-28394.html |access-date=22 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Gerich_2019">{{cite web |title="Ende Gelände" besetzt Tagebau Garzweiler – Polizisten bei Sturm verletzt – Bei den Demos im Rheinischen Revier haben Aktivisten von "Ende Gelände" den Tagebau gestürmt. Mindestens zwei Polizisten wurden wohl verletzt. |language=de |author-first1=Simon |author-last1=Gerich |author-first2=Lucas |author-last2=Bayer |author-first3=Holger |author-last3=Dumke |author-first4=Marc |author-last4=Wolko |newspaper=Berliner Morgenpost |date=22 June 2019 |url=https://www.morgenpost.de/politik/article226242653/Aktivisten-von-Ende-Gelaende-besetzen-Tagebau-Garzweiler-Polizisten-bei-Sturm-verletzt.html |access-date=22 June 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Leipziger_2019_1">{{cite web |title=Ende Gelände legt Rheinisches Revier still – Tagebau Garzweiler blockiert, Hambach Bahn sowie Nord-Süd Bahn besetzt |language=de |work=Leipziger Internet Zeitung |date=22 June 2019 |url=https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Tagebau-Garzweiler-blockiert-Hambach-Bahn-sowie-Nord-Sued-Bahn-besetzt-281943 |access-date=22 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.fo/MEsGY |archive-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Leipziger_2019_2">{{cite web |title=Kohlebahn seit 15 Stunden blockiert: 6.000 Aktivist*innen in Aktion |language=de |work=Leipziger Internet Zeitung |date=22 June 2019 |url=https://www.l-iz.de/melder/wortmelder/2019/06/Kohlebahn-seit-15-Stunden-blockiert-6-000-Aktivistinnen-in-Aktion-281916 |access-date=22 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.fo/YJbXj |archive-date=22 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="DW_2019">{{cite web |title=Germany: Aachen hosts 'Fridays for Future' climate rally |date=22 June 2019 |work=DW – Made for Minds |publisher=Deutsche Welle |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-aachen-hosts-fridays-for-future-climate-rally/a-49291173 |access-date=21 June 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=http://archive.fo/JXGwS |archive-date=22 June 2019}} [https://p.dw.com/p/3Kosv]</ref>
<ref name="Bierwisch_2019">{{cite web |title=Fridays for Future – Aachen 21 Juni 2019 |author-first=Ulrich |author-last=Bierwisch |date=21 June 2019 |location=Aachen, Germany |type=video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuKbwMzAiK0 |access-date=25 June 2019}} [45:35 min]</ref>
<ref name="Pilger_2019">{{cite web |title=Fridays for Future Demo Aachen 21.6.19 |author=Der Pilger |language=de |date=21 June 2019 |location=Aachen, Germany |type=video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkxJSo-chVM |access-date=29 June 2019}} [2:39:25 min]</ref>
<ref name="Ballig_2019">{{cite web |title=Fridays For Future in AACHEN – FFF Klimastreik 21.06.2019 Fridaysforfuture |language=de |work=Ukulele Einhorn |date=21 June 2019 |author-first=Matthias |author-last=Balling |location=Aachen, Germany |type=video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HqkHR_Uub2w |access-date=29 June 2019}} [29:37 min]</ref>
<ref name="Kingz_2019">{{cite web |title=KingzCorner News |date=25 June 2019 |publisher=KingzCorner e.V. |location=Aachen, Germany |url=https://aachenevents.com/location/location.php?id=56 |access-date=29 June 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Hagedorn_2019b">{{cite journal |author-last1=Hagedorn |author-first1=Gregor |author-last2=Loew |author-first2=Thomas |author-last3=Seneviratne |author-first3=Sonia I. |author-link3=Sonia I. Seneviratne |author-last4=Lucht |author-first4=Wolfgang Peter |author-link4=:de:Wolfgang Peter Lucht |author-last5=Beck |author-first5=Marie-Luise<!-- not the same as: Marieluise Beck --> |author-last6=Hesse |author-first6=Janina |author-last7=Knutti |author-first7=Reto |author-link7=Reto Knutti |author-last8=Quaschning |author-first8=Volker |author-link8=Volker Quaschning |author-last9=Schleimer |author-first9=Jan-Hendrik |author-last10=Mattauch |author-first10=Linus |author-last11=Breyer |author-first11=Christian |author-last12=Hübener |author-first12=Heike |author-last13=Kirchengast |author-first13=Gottfried |author-last14=Chodura |author-first14=Alice |author-last15=Clausen |author-first15=Jens |author-last16=Creutzig |author-first16=Felix |author-link16=:de:Felix Creutzig |author-last17=Darbi |author-first17=Marianne |author-last18=Daub |author-first18=Claus-Heinrich |author-link18=:de:Claus-Heinrich Daub |author-last19=Ekardt |author-first19=Felix |author-link19=:de:Felix Ekardt |author-last20=Göpel |author-first20=Maja |author-link20=:de:Maja Göpel |author-last21=Hardt |author-first21=Judith N. |author-last22=Hertin |author-first22=Julia |author-last23=Hickler |author-first23=Thomas |author-last24=Köhncke |author-first24=Arnulf |author-last25=Köster |author-first25=Stephan |author-last26=Krohmer |author-first26=Julia |author-last27=Kromp-Kolb |author-first27=Helga |author-link27=:de:Helga Kromp-Kolb |author-last28=Leinfelder |author-first28=Reinhold |author-link28=:de:Reinhold Leinfelder |author-last29=Mederake |author-first29=Linda |author-last30=Neuhaus |author-first30=Michael |author-last31=Rahmstorf |author-first31=Stefan |author-link31=Stefan Rahmstorf |author-last32=Schmidt |author-first32=Christine |author-last33=Schneider |author-first33=Christoph |author-last34=Schneider |author-first34=Gerhard |author-last35=Seppelt |author-first35=Ralf |author-link35=:de:Ralf Seppelt |author-last36=Spindler |author-first36=Uli |author-last37=Springmann |author-first37=Marco |author-last38=Staab |author-first38=Katharina |author-last39=Stocker |author-first39=Thomas F. |author-link39=Thomas F. Stocker |author-last40=Steininger |author-first40=Karl |author-last41=von Hirschhausen |author-first41=Eckart |author-link41=Eckart von Hirschhausen |author-last42=Winter |author-first42=Susanne |author-last43=Wittau |author-first43=Martin |author-last44=Zens |author-first44=Josef |title=The concerns of the young protesters are justified: A statement by ''Scientists for Future'' concerning the protests for more climate protection |journal=GAIA – Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society |publisher={{ill|oekom verlag|de}} |volume=28 |number=2 |date=2019 |pages=79–87 |doi=10.14512/gaia.28.2.3 |url=https://www.oekom.de/fileadmin/zeitschriften/gaia_leseproben/GAIA_2019_02_079_087_SCIENTISTFORFUTURE.pdf |access-date=22 September 2019 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922114018/https://www.oekom.de/fileadmin/zeitschriften/gaia_leseproben/GAIA_2019_02_079_087_SCIENTISTFORFUTURE.pdf |archive-date=22 September 2019}} (9 pages)</ref>
<ref name="CoR_2019_Statement">{{cite web |title=Statement in support of global student climate protests |author-last1=Alao |author-first1=Sadikou Ayo |author-last2=Alvarez-Pereira |author-first2=Carlos |author-last3=Andersen |author-first3=Lene Rachel |author-link3=Lene Rachel Andersen |author-last4=AtKisson |author-first4=Alan |author-last5=Bamela Engo-Tjega |author-first5=Ruth |author-last6=Bardi |author-first6=Ugo |author-link6=Ugo Bardi |author-last7=Bastioli |author-first7=Catia |author-link7=:it:Catia Bastioli |author-last8=Bateson |author-first8=Nora |author-last9=Benedikter |author-first9=Roland |author-link9=:de:Roland Benedikter |author-last10=Berg |author-first10=Christian |author-link10=:de:Christian Berg (Ingenieur) |author-last11=Bindé |author-first11=Jérôme |author-link11=:nl:Jérôme Bindé |author-last12=Björkman |author-first12=Tomas |author-link12=Tomas Björkman |author-last13=Blom |author-first13=Peter |author-link13=:nl:Peter Blom (bankdirecteur) |author-last14=Bologna |author-first14=Gianfranco |author-last15=Bozesan |author-first15=Mariana |author-last16=Brown |author-first16=Peter G. |author-last17=Chacón Domínguez |author-first17=Susana Catalina |author-link17=Susana Catalina Chacón Domínguez |author-last18=Cheng |author-first18=Yi-Heng |author-last19=Costanza |author-first19=Robert |author-link19=Robert Costanza |author-last20=de Leeuw |author-first20=Bas |author-link20=Bas de Leeuw |author-last21=Dixson-Declève |author-first21=Sandrine |author-last22=Dorsey |author-first22=Michael K. |author-link22=Michael K. Dorsey |author-last23=Dubee |author-first23=Frederick C. |author-last24=Dubrulle |author-first24=Mark |author-link24=Mark Dubrulle |author-last25=Dunlop |author-first25=Ian T. |author-last26=Fainé Casas |author-first26=Isidro |author-link26=:es:Isidre Fainé Casas |author-last27=Fullerton |author-first27=John B. |author-link27=John B. Fullerton |author-last28=Gasparini |author-first28=Alberto |author-link28=Alberto Gasparini |author-last29=Geier |author-first29=Joerg |author-last30=Georgescu |author-first30=Călin |author-link30=Călin Georgescu |author-last31=Gil-Valdivia |author-first31=Gerardo |author-last32=Giovannini |author-first32=Enrico |author-link32=Enrico Giovannini |author-last33=Girardet |author-first33=Herbert |author-link33=Herbert Girardet |author-last34=Göpel |author-first34=Maja |author-link34=:de:Maja Göpel |author-last35=Güvenen |author-first35=Orhan |author-link35=:tr:Orhan Güvenen |author-last36=Gurgulino de Souza |author-first36=Heitor |author-link36=:br:Heitor Gurgulino de Souza |author-last37=Halonen |author-first37=Tarja Kaarina |author-link37=Tarja Kaarina Halonen |author-last38=Hamilton |author-first38=Carolyn |author-link38=Carolyn Hamilton (historian) |author-last39=Hargroves |author-first39=Karlson “Charlie” |author-last40=Hayashi |author-first40=Yoshitsugu |author-last41=Heinonen |author-first41=Sirkka |author-last42=Hennicke |author-first42=Peter |author-link42=:de:Peter Hennicke |author-last43=Hernández Colón |author-first43=Rafael |author-link43=Rafael Hernández Colón |author-last44=Herren |author-first44=Hans Rudolf |author-link44=Hans Rudolf Herren |author-last45=Higgs |author-first45=Kerryn |author-last46=Hoffman |author-first46=Robert |author-last47=Hudson |author-first47=Cecil Ivan |author-last48=Hughes |author-first48=Barry B. |author-link48=Barry B. Hughes |date=14 March 2019 |publisher=[[Organization:Club of Rome|Club of Rome]] |location=Winterthur, Switzerland |url=https://www.clubofrome.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Statement-in-Support-of-Global-Student-Climate-Protests.pdf |access-date=18 March 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324131841/https://www.clubofrome.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Statement-in-Support-of-Global-Student-Climate-Protests.pdf |archive-date=24 March 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="Hagedorn_2019a">{{cite journal |title=Concerns of young protesters are justified |author-first1=Gregor |author-last1=Hagedorn |author-first2=Peter |author-last2=Kalmus <!-- |author-link2=Peter Kalmus (climate scientist), not the same as Peter Ignaz Paul Kalmus --> |author-first3=Michael Evan |author-last3=Mann |author-link3=Michael Evan Mann |author-first4=Sara |author-last4=Vicca |author-first5=Joke |author-last5=Van den Berge |author-first6=Jean-Pascal |author-last6=van Ypersele |author-link6=Jean-Pascal van Ypersele |author-first7=Dominique |author-last7=Bourg |author-link7=Dominique Bourg |author-first8=Jan |author-last8=Rotmans |author-link8=:nl:Jan Rotmans |author-first9=Roope |author-last9=Kaaronen |author-first10=Stefan |author-last10=Rahmstorf |author-link10=Stefan Rahmstorf |author-first11=Helga |author-last11=Kromp-Kolb |author-link11=:de:Helga Kromp-Kolb |author-first12=Gottfried |author-last12=Kirchengast |author-first13=Reto |author-last13=Knutti |author-link13=Reto Knutti |author-first14=Sonia I. |author-last14=Seneviratne |author-link14=Sonia I. Seneviratne |author-first15=Philippe |author-last15=Thalmann |author-first16=Raven |author-last16=Cretney |author-first17=Alison |author-last17=Green |author-first18=Kevin |author-last18=Anderson |author-link18=Kevin Anderson (scientist) |author-first19=Martin |author-last19=Hedberg |author-link19=:sv:<!-- Sven Anders -->Martin Hedberg |author-first20=Douglas |author-last20=Nilsson |author-first21=Amita |author-last21=Kuttner |author-first22=Katharine Anne Scott |author-last22=Hayhoe |author-link22=Katharine Anne Scott Hayhoe |date=12 April 2019 |journal=Science |volume=364 |issue=6436 |pages=139–140 |doi=10.1126/science.aax3807 |pmid=30975882 |bibcode=2019Sci...364..139H |doi-access=free }}</ref>
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