View source for Earth:Skärgårdsnamn

{{Short description|1989 book on place names by Kurt Zilliacus}}
{{Infobox book
| italic title      = <!--(see above)-->
| name              = Skärgårdsnamn
| image             = Islands_in_Nagu,_coloured_based_on_their_naming.jpg
| image_size        = 
| border            = 
| alt               = 
| caption           = Islands in Nagu, color coded by name suffix – -holm(en), -skär(et) etc.
| author            = Kurt Zilliacus
| audio_read_by     = 
| title_orig        = Skärgårdsnamn
| orig_lang_code    = 
| title_working     = 
| translator        = 
| illustrator       = 
| cover_artist      = 
| country           = {{wipe|Finland}}
| language          = [[Social:Swedish language|Swedish]]
| series            = Skrifter utgivna av Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland
| release_number    = 558
| subject           = Archipelago Names in Finland
| genre             = Nonfiction
| set_in            = 
| publisher         = [[Organization:Society of Swedish Literature in Finland|Society of Swedish Literature in Finland]]
| publisher2        = 
| pub_date          = 
| english_pub_date  = 
| published         = 1989
| media_type        = 
| pages             = 264
| awards            = 
| isbn              = 951-9018-54-9
| isbn_note         = 
| oclc              = 
| dewey             = 
| congress          = 
| preceded_by       = <!-- for books in a series -->
| followed_by       = <!-- for books in a series -->
| native_wikisource = 
| wikisource        = 
| notes             = 
| exclude_cover     = 
| website           = 
}}

'''Skärgårdsnamn''' ([[Literal translation|lit.]] ''Archipelago Names''), is a Finnish [[Social:Swedish language|Swedish-language]] book on around one hundred thousand Swedish place names in {{wipe|Finland}} archipelagos, written by toponymy researcher {{ILL|Kurt Zilliacus|lt=Kurt Zilliacus|sv}}, published in 1989.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Zilliacus |first=Kurt |title=Skärgårdsnamn |publisher=Society of Swedish Literature in Finland |year=1989 |isbn=951-9018-54-9 |location=Helsingfors |language=sv |issn=0039-6842}}</ref>

== Description ==

The book summarizes the results of twenty years of research of place names in the archipelagos of the [[Place:Baltic Sea|Baltic Sea]] belonging to Finland. Zilliacus led the toponymy research at the [[Organization:Institute for the Languages of Finland|Institute for the Languages of Finland's]] Swedish name archive.<ref name=":0" />

The research area includes Finland's large coastal archipelagos, which during [[History:Recorded history|recorded history]] mainly had a Swedish population, and their place names thus consisted mostly of Swedish names and name forms, with a few [[Social:Loanword|loanword]]s from [[Social:Finnish language|Finnish]]. The book states that during eight centuries the Swedish-speaking population in the Archipelago Sea and along the coasts of Nyland and Ostrobothnia established around a hundred thousand place Swedish names that are still known and in official use.<ref name=":0" />

The book provides an overview of the origin and frequency of place names. The book is divided into three main chapters: ''Names of islands'' ([[Earth:Island|island]]s, [[Earth:Islet|islet]]s, [[Earth:Skerry|skerries]], [[Earth:Shallow (underwater relief)|shallows]], etc.), ''Names of land locations'' ([[Earth:Headland|headland]]s, [[Earth:Bay|bay]]s, [[Earth:Beach|beach]]es, [[Earth:Strait|strait]]s) and ''Culture-related names'' (fishing and hunting, [[Earth:Harbor|harbor]]s and shipping).<ref name=":0" />

=== Island names ===
Zilliacus describes the typical geography for island names in size ord''er: Around [[Earth:Island|island]]s and [[Earth:Islet|islet]]s (”öar”'' and ''”holmar”)'' are smaller [[Earth:Skerry|skerries]] ''(”skär”, ”klobbar”'' and ''”örar”),'' that are surrounded by rocks and [[Earth:Shallow (underwater relief)|shallows]] ''(”grund”, ”harur”, ”hällar”, ”kläppar”, ”kobbar” and ”blekor”, ”bådar”, ”grynnor” and ”rev”).<ref name=":0" />''

For islands and shallows alone there are over 50 place name [[Social:Suffix|suffix]]es. The most usual suffix types are -ö (thousands in Finland's achipelago), -holm (''islet,'' over 5500), -skär (''skerry'', 4000), -hara (550), -klobb (1300), -ör (3300), -både (1200), -grund (7000), -hälla (900), -kläpp (1200), -kobbe (1300), -grynna (1300), -rev (''reef'', 450) and -sten (''stone'', 650). [[Social:Loanword|Loan-names]] from Finnish are -saari/-sar (hundreds), -luoto/-lot (180), and -kari (hundreds).<ref name=":0" />

Although the names often reflect the character of the islands, it is not always correct due to e.g. the impact of [[Earth:Tectonic uplift|tectonic uplift]] on the sea level. What has been an island in the 19th century was perhaps a collection of rocks 500 years earlier.<ref name=":0" /> A Hufvudstadsbladet article states that there are islands with the suffix -skär (skerry) that are large and forested, while other -skär are barren and rocky, and thus better fit the meaning of skär as per Svenska Akademiens ordbok, the Swedish-language dictionary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hurme |first=Maija |title=Här rör vi oss helst, mitt bland alla kobbar, grynnor, skär, kläppar och harur |url=https://www.hbl.fi/artikel/418fd659-1755-40aa-aef5-5f053d807f9a |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=www.hbl.fi |language=sv-FI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=skär {{!}} SAOB |url=https://www.saob.se/artikel/?unik=S_05853-0043.V0XU&pz=3 |access-date=2023-02-13 |language=sv-SE}}</ref>

== Example of island name suffixes on map ==

{| class="wikitable"
|
{{Map with marks | minimap=false | width=900 | height=400 | lat=60.020 | lon=21.90 | zoom=9 | wdqs=
SELECT ?item ?labelsv ?coord ?color ?size 
WHERE 
{
  ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q23442.
  VALUES ?orter {wd:Q1010550 wd:Q596607 wd:Q216790 wd:Q633371 wd:Q179726 wd:Q179706 wd:Q179739 wd:Q179730}
  ?item wdt:P131 ?orter.
  hint:Prior hint:runFirst true.
  ?item wdt:P625 ?coord.
  ?item rdfs:label ?labelsv filter (lang(?labelsv) = "sv").
  BIND(
    IF(regex(?labelsv, "land", "i"), "green",
       IF(regex(?labelsv, "holm", "i"), "green",
          IF(regex(?labelsv, "skär", "i"), "blue",
             IF(regex(?labelsv, "klobb", "i"), "blue",
                   IF(regex(?labelsv, "grund", "i"), "red",
                      IF(regex(?labelsv, "haru", "i"), "red",
                         IF(regex(?labelsv, "häll", "i"), "red",
                            IF(regex(?labelsv, "kläpp", "i"), "red",
                               IF(regex(?labelsv, "kobb", "i"), "red",
                                  IF(regex(?labelsv, "gadd", "i"), "red",
                                     IF(regex(?labelsv, "blek", "i"), "red",
                                        IF(regex(?labelsv, "båda", "i"), "red",
                                              IF(regex(?labelsv, "grynn", "i"), "red",
                                                 IF(regex(?labelsv, "rev", "i"), "red",
                                                    IF(regex(?labelsv, "ör", "i"), "blue",
                                                        IF(regex(?labelsv, "ön?$", "i"), "green",
               "black"))))))))))))))))
    AS ?color).
  BIND(20 AS ?size)
}
|table=#defaultView:Map
SELECT ?item ?labelsv ?coord ?rgb ?size 
WHERE 
{
  ?item wdt:P31/wdt:P279* wd:Q23442.
  VALUES ?orter {wd:Q1010550 wd:Q596607 wd:Q216790 wd:Q633371 wd:Q179726 wd:Q179706 wd:Q179739 wd:Q179730}
  ?item wdt:P131 ?orter.
  ?item wdt:P625 ?coord.
  ?item rdfs:label ?labelsv filter (lang(?labelsv) = "sv").
  BIND(
    IF(regex(?labelsv, "land", "i"), "00FF00",
       IF(regex(?labelsv, "holm", "i"), "00FF00",
          IF(regex(?labelsv, "skär", "i"), "0000FF",
             IF(regex(?labelsv, "klobb", "i"), "0000FF",
                   IF(regex(?labelsv, "grund", "i"), "FF0000",
                      IF(regex(?labelsv, "haru", "i"), "FF0000",
                         IF(regex(?labelsv, "häll", "i"), "FF0000",
                            IF(regex(?labelsv, "kläpp", "i"), "FF0000",
                               IF(regex(?labelsv, "kobb", "i"), "FF0000",
                                  IF(regex(?labelsv, "gadd", "i"), "FF0000",
                                     IF(regex(?labelsv, "blek", "i"), "FF0000",
                                        IF(regex(?labelsv, "båda", "i"), "FF0000",
                                              IF(regex(?labelsv, "grynn", "i"), "FF0000",
                                                 IF(regex(?labelsv, "rev", "i"), "FF0000",
                                                    IF(regex(?labelsv, "ör", "i"), "0000FF",
                                                       IF(regex(?labelsv, "ön?$", "i"), "00FF00",
               "000000"))))))))))))))))
    AS ?rgb).
  BIND(20 AS ?size)
}
}}

The points on the map represent island name suffixes between Kumlinge (East Åland) and Hangö (West Nyland) including most of the Archipelago Sea such as Nagu. 
{{legend|green|-land, -ö, -holm (''land, island, islet'')}}
{{legend|blue|-skär, -klobb, -ör (''skerry, etc'')}}
{{legend|red|-grund, -haru, -häll, -kläpp, -kobb, -gadd, -bleka, -båda, -grynna, -rev (''rock, shallow, etc'')}}
{{legend|black|other suffixes or names}}
|}

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Islands by type]]

{{Sourceattribution|Skärgårdsnamn}}