View source for Engineering:9K111 Fagot

{{Infobox weapon
|name= 9K111 Fagot
|image= 9K111 Fagot in Polish service.jpg
|image_size= 300
|caption= 9K111 Fagot in Polish service
|origin=Soviet Union
|type= Anti-tank weapon
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged= yes
|is_explosive= yes
|is_missile= yes
<!-- Service history -->
|service= 1970–present
|used_by= See Operators
|wars= Vietnam War<br>[[Religion:Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet–Afghan War]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/WP51_Web_Final.pdf |title=Aleksandr Antonovich Lyakhovskiy Working Paper pp |publisher=Woodrow Wilson Center for Public Policy |format=PDF |accessdate=2017-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170706020807/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/WP51_Web_Final.pdf |archive-date=2017-07-06 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>War in Afghanistan<br>Iran–Iraq War<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.se/books?id=rp5XCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT228&lpg=PT228&dq=Spigot+iran+iraq+war&source=bl&ots=XCSPdiNe67&sig=jBbUr8KwQL9538OPNnsZ5C6WxiY&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji8L2jgvnaAhXlDZoKHT1eDgEQ6AEwC3oECAAQbQ#v=onepage&q=Spigot%20iran%20iraq%20war&f=false |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180510051054/https://books.google.se/books?id=rp5XCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT228&lpg=PT228&dq=Spigot+iran+iraq+war&source=bl&ots=XCSPdiNe67&sig=jBbUr8KwQL9538OPNnsZ5C6WxiY&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji8L2jgvnaAhXlDZoKHT1eDgEQ6AEwC3oECAAQbQ#v=onepage&q=Spigot%20iran%20iraq%20war&f=false |archive-date=2018-05-10 |url-status=live }}</ref><br>Western Sahara War<ref name = 'Sahara'/><br>2008 South Ossetia war<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.utro.ru/articles/2008/08/20/761041.shtml |title=Записки с кавказской войны |website=Utro.ru |date=2008-08-20 |accessdate=2017-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817011216/https://utro.ru/articles/2008/08/20/761041.shtml |archive-date=2017-08-17 |url-status=live }}</ref><br>War in Donbass<br>Iraq War<br>Syrian Civil War<ref name ="France-Soir"/><br>Iraqi Civil War (2014–2017)<ref name ="France-Soir">{{cite news|url=http://www.francesoir.fr/politique-monde/etat-islamique-comment-les-djihadistes-emploient-les-missiles-antichars-pour-appuyer-offensives-daech-ei-syrie-irak-armement-tactiques-strategie-djihad-chars-propagande-cham-mossoul-bataille|title=Etat islamique: comment les djihadistes emploient les missiles antichars pour appuyer leurs offensives|work=France-Soir|date=4 May 2017|language=fr|access-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195536/http://www.francesoir.fr/politique-monde/etat-islamique-comment-les-djihadistes-emploient-les-missiles-antichars-pour-appuyer-offensives-daech-ei-syrie-irak-armement-tactiques-strategie-djihad-chars-propagande-cham-mossoul-bataille|archive-date=6 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><br>[[Social:Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)|Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)]]<br>Saudi-led intervention in Yemen<br>Conflict in Najran, Jizan and Asir
<!-- Production history -->
|designer= Tula Machinery Design Bureau (Tula KBP)
|design_date=1962
|manufacturer=
|unit_cost=
|production_date=1970
|number=
|variants= [[Engineering:9K111 Fagot#Models|See Models]]
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight= {{convert|12.5|kg|abbr=on}} (Missile weight) <br/> 22.5 kg (50 lb) (9P135 launching post)<ref>{{cite web |title=AT-5 SPANDREL Anti-Tank Guided Missile |url=https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at5spandrel.htm |website=fas.org |publisher=Federation of American Scientists (FAS) |access-date=2018-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101100428/https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at5spandrel.htm |archive-date=2019-01-01 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|length= {{convert|1100|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
|part_length=
|width=
|height=
|crew=
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge=
|caliber=
|action= 400&nbsp;mm versus RHA or 200&nbsp;mm towards armour inclined at 60°
|rate= 3 rds / min
|velocity= {{convert|80|m/s|mph km/h|abbr=on}} at launch<br />{{convert|186|m/s|mph km/h|abbr=on}} in flight speed
|range= {{convert|70|-|2500|m|abbr=on}}
|max_effective_range=
|feed=
|guidance=SACLOS [[Engineering:Wire-guided missile|wire-guided missile]]
|sights=
<!-- Explosive specifications -->
|diameter= {{convert|120|mm|abbr=on}}
|filling= High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) warhead
|filling_weight= {{convert|1.7|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|detonation=
|yield=
}}
The '''9K111 ''Fagot''''' ({{lang-ru|Фагот}}; "[[Engineering:Bassoon|bassoon]]") is a second-generation tube-launched SACLOS [[Engineering:Wire-guided missile|wire-guided]] anti-tank missile system of the [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]] for use from ground or vehicle mounts. The 9K111 Fagot missile system was developed by the Tula KBP Design Bureau for Instrument Building. "9M111" is the GRAU designation of the missile. Its NATO reporting name is '''AT-4 Spigot'''. 

==Development==
The 9K111 Fagot was developed by the Tula Machinery Design Bureau (Tula KBP) and development began in 1962 with the aim of producing the next generation of SACLOS ATGMs for use in both the man portable role and the tank destroyer role. The 9K111 Fagot was developed alongside the [[Engineering:9M113 Konkurs|9M113 Konkurs]]; both missiles use similar technology, only differing in size, and can use the same launchers. The missile entered service in 1970.

==History==
The anti-tank platoon of a [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet]] BTR equipped motor rifle battalion had two (sometimes three)<ref>{{cite web|last=Owen|first=Garry|title=MRB Anti-Tank Platoon (APC)|url=http://www.1stusvcav.com/red_guards/TOE_MRB_APC_AT_platoon.html|work=Red Guards Index|accessdate=16 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112004735/http://www.1stusvcav.com/red_guards/TOE_MRB_APC_AT_platoon.html|archive-date=12 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> ATGM squads, each with two 9K111 Fagot teams. The team consisted of three men; the gunner carries the '''9P135''' launcher and tripod as a back pack, and the other two men each carry two launch tubes. The men also carry assault rifles, but do not carry an [[Engineering:Rocket-propelled grenade|RPG]], because unlike the earlier missiles there is only a small deadzone within which the missile cannot engage the target. Besides the four missiles carried by each team, each squad would normally have an extra eight missiles carried in their transport, usually a [[Engineering:BTR-60|BTR]]. It can also be deployed from the [[Engineering:BMP-1|BMP-1]]P, [[Engineering:BMD-1|BMD-1]]P, [[Engineering:BTR-D|BTR-D]] and [[Engineering:UAZ-469|UAZ-469]].

North Korea was said to have acquired a number of the systems during the late 1980s until the 2000s from the USSR. These were subsequently reverse-engineered under the designation '''Bulsae-2'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/nkor.pdf|format=PDF|title=NORTH KOREA COUNTRY HANDBOOK : MARINE CORPS INTELLIGENCE ACTIVITY|website=Fas.org|accessdate=2017-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111733/http://fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/nkor.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=live}}</ref> It was advertised under designation AT-4MLB by North Korean proxy company GLOCOM, in brochure it was stated that it is controlled by laser beam guidance method.<ref>https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=mgkqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=target+market+korea&source=bl&ots=HbXLq7_BiQ&sig=ACfU3U072ANhuiWekDdw1EUUr2ThHxNjNA&hl=ja&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1scWHva7qAhWByIsBHUaxBngQ6AEwDHoECAIQAQ#v=onepage&q=target%20market%20korea&f=false</ref><ref>https://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/1203749/glocom-is-at-it-again/</ref> Its use was first reported in 2014 in the ranks of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades and the Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/207370/oryx-blog-on-dprk-arms-exports/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2017-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920193047/http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/207370/oryx-blog-on-dprk-arms-exports/ |archive-date=2017-09-20 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was reported in 2014 on July 2nd that Hamas used Bulsae-2 to destroy Merkava tank near Gaza Strip on Eid al Fıtr.<ref>https://masralarabia.net/gaza/322299-بهذه-الصواريخ-دمر-القسام-الميركافا</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140803005922/http://www.islamicinvitationturkey.com/2014/07/31/exc-qassam-used-phoenix-system-to-destroy-merkava-tanks-on-the-edge-of-the-gaza-strip-on-eid-al-fitr/</ref>

==Description==
[[File:POLK 9K111 Fagot.jpg|thumb|9K113 Konkurs missile system (launcher and missile) and a 9M111M Faktoriya missile in launch tube (standing)]]

The missile is stored and carried in a container/launch tube. It is fired from a '''9P135''' launcher post, a simple tripod. A '''9S451''' guidance box is fitted to the tripod with the missile sitting just above. The '''9Sh119''' sight is fitted to the left side (from the gunner's POV). The complete launcher system weighs {{convert|22.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. The gunner lays prone while firing. The system can engage moving targets travelling at less than {{convert|60|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. The launcher post can traverse through 360 degrees horizontally, and +/− 20 degrees in elevation. The sight has a magnification of 10x and a 5 degree field of view. Up to three missiles a minute can be fired from a launcher post.

The system uses a gas generator to push the missile out of the launch tube, which exits from the rear of the launch tube in a manner similar to a recoilless rifle. The missile leaves the launch tube at {{convert|80|m/s|mph km/h|abbr=on}}, and is then quickly accelerated to {{convert|186|m/s|mph km/h|abbr=on}} by its solid fuel motor. This initial high speed reduces the missile's deadzone, since it can be launched directly at the target, rather than in an upward arc.

The launcher tracks the position of an incandescent [[Physics:Infrared|infrared]] bulb on the back of the missile relative to the target and transmits appropriate commands to the missile via a thin wire that trails behind the missile. The SACLOS guidance system has many benefits over MCLOS, with the accuracy of the system stated as 90% in some sources, though its performance is probably comparable to the TOW or the later SACLOS versions of the 9K11 Malyutka.

==Models==
[[File:ATGM Fagot.jpg|thumb|right|Slovenian army soldiers launching a Fagot]]

===Missile===
* '''9M111''' ''Fagot'' (NATO: '''AT-4''' ''Spigot'' and '''AT-4A''' ''Spigot A'') Entered service in 1970. Maximum range {{convert|2000|m|ft mi|abbr=on}}, minimum {{convert|70|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Warhead 400&nbsp;mm versus RHA or 200&nbsp;mm towards armour inclined at 60°.<ref name=tvo>Maksim Sayenko. "Bronya »krylyatoy pyekhoty«" (''Armour of "Winged infantry"''). Tekhnika i Vooruzhenie no.02/2007, p. 39 (Russian)</ref>
* '''9M111-2''' ''Fagot'' (NATO: '''AT-4B''' ''Spigot B'') Slightly improved version.
* '''9M111M''' ''Faktoriya''/''Faktoria''<ref name=janes-20160408/> (Trading post) or ''Fagot-M'' (NATO: '''AT-4C''' ''Spigot C'') Improved motor, longer guidance wire. Maximum range {{convert|2500|m|ft mi|abbr=on}}, minimum {{convert|75|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Improved single HEAT warhead; penetration 400&nbsp;mm versus RHA or 230&nbsp;mm towards armour inclined at 60°<ref name=tvo /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://btvt.narod.ru/4/fagot.htm |title=ПТРК 9К111 "ФАГОТ" |website=Btvt.narod.ru |accessdate=2017-07-15 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/66SxdKlyO?url=http://btvt.narod.ru/4/fagot.htm |archive-date=2012-03-27 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120324015901/http://www.onlinedisk.ru/file/610277/]</ref> (some publications claimed 9M111M to have tandem HEAT warhead).

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!<ref>[http://weaponsystems.net/weaponsystem/BB06%20-%20AT-4%20Spigot.html 9K111 Fagot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222180115/http://weaponsystems.net/weaponsystem/BB06%20-%20AT-4%20Spigot.html |date=2018-02-22 }} - Weaponsystems.net</ref>
! 9M111/AT-4A
! 9M111-2/AT-4B
! 9M111M/AT-4C
|-
| Launch tube weight
| {{convert|13|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|13|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
| {{convert|13.4|kg|lb|abbr=on}}
|-
| Range
| 75–2,000&nbsp;m
| 75–2,500&nbsp;m
| 75–2,500&nbsp;m
|-
| Warhead
| HEAT, 400&nbsp;mm RHA penetration
| HEAT, 460&nbsp;mm RHA penetration
| Tandem HEAT, 600&nbsp;mm RHA penetration
|}

===Launcher===
* '''9P135''' {{convert|22.5|kg|lb|abbr=on}}. Can only fire the '''9M111''' ''Fagot'' series.
* '''9P135M''' Can fire the '''9M111''' ''Fagot'' (NATO: AT-4 ''Spigot'') series as well as the [[Engineering:9M113 Konkurs|'''9M113''' ''Konkurs'']] (NATO: AT-5 ''Spandrel'') series missiles.
* '''9P135M1''' Updated version of the 9P135.
* '''9P135M2''' Updated version of the 9P135.
* '''9P135M3''' Deployed in the early 1990s. Adds {{convert|13|kg|lb|abbr=on}} TPVP thermal imaging night sight – range {{convert|2500|m|ft mi|abbr=on}} at night.
* '''9S451M2''' A launcher with a night sight featuring an anti-dazzle system has been developed.

==Operators==
[[File:9K111 operators.png|thumb|400px|Map with 9K111 operators in blue and former operators in red]]

===Current operators===
* {{AFG}} – 100
* {{ALG}} – 2040 delivered between 1995-1996 for BMP-2 IFV.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |title=Trade Registers |website=Armstrade.sipri.org |accessdate=2017-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414022558/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |archive-date=2010-04-14 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{ANG}} – 100
* {{ARM}}<ref>[http://rt.com/politiy-cs/press/nezavisimaya/arms-minister-ministrarmenia/en/] </ref>
* {{AZE}}
* {{BIH}} – 52
* {{BLR}} – 500
* {{BUL}} – 222
* {{CRO}} – 119
* {{CUB}} – 100
* {{CZE}} – 50
* {{ETH}} – 50
* {{FIN}} – Several hundred 9P135M-1 launchers (withdrawn from service) and AT-4B as well as AT-5A missiles, known as ''PstOhj 82'' and ''PstOhj 82M'' respectively.
* {{flag|Georgia}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geo-army.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=9&lang=en |title=Armament of the Georgian Army |publisher=Georgian Army |accessdate=2007-06-25 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309192408/http://geo-army.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=9&lang=en |archivedate=2012-03-09 }}</ref>
* {{GRE}} – 262 (acquired from former East German stocks)
* Hamas - Known to use Bulsae-2s<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lewis.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/7370/oryx-blog-on-dprk-arms-exports_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=9&lang=en |archive-url=https://archive.is/20141229151248/http://lewis.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/7370/oryx-blog-on-dprk-arms-exports_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=9&lang=en |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-12-29 |title=Oryx Blog on DPRK Arms Exports |author=Jeffrey Lewis |accessdate=2014-12-29 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a19663/north-korea-anti-tank-missile/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163624/https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a19663/north-korea-anti-tank-missile/ |archive-date=2018-06-12 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{HUN}} – 50
* Islamic State of Iraq and Levant – Unknown number captured<ref name ="France-Soir"/>
* {{IND}} – 100
* {{IRN}}
* {{IRQ}} – used by Iraqi Kurdistan
* {{KAZ}} - 200 in 2010<ref name ='SAS 2012 4'>{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2012.html|chapter-url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2012/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2012-Chapter-04-EN.pdf|chapter=Blue Skies and Dark Clouds: Kazakhstan and Small Arms|title=Small Arms Survey 2012: Moving Targets|publisher={{wipe|Cambridge University Press}}|year=2012|author=[[Organization:Small Arms Survey|Small Arms Survey]]|page=131|isbn=978-0-521-19714-4|access-date=2018-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831002411/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2012.html|archive-date=2018-08-31|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{KUW}} – 100
* {{LBY}} – 100
* {{MDA}} – used on [[Engineering:BMP-1|BMP-1]]
* {{MOZ}} – 10
* {{PRK}} – Unknown, reversed engineered under designation of '''Bulsae-2'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/north_korea_has_upgraded_old_anti-tank_missile_with_laser_guided_system_called_bulsae-3.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712032200/https://armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/north_korea_has_upgraded_old_anti-tank_missile_with_laser_guided_system_called_bulsae-3.html |archive-date=2018-07-12 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{ROM}} – acquired in the 1980s
* {{RUS}} – 1,000. 100 more systems delivered in August 2019 with a thermal camera.<ref>https://tass.com/defense/1073578</ref><ref>http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2019/0815/101553900/detail.shtml</ref>
* [[File:Flag_of_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic.svg|22px]] Polisario front<ref name = 'Sahara'>{{cite book|language = es|author1 = Ignacio Fuente Cobo|author2 = Fernando M. Mariño Menéndez|title = El conflicto del Sahara occidental|url = https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstream/handle/10016/17377/04_conflictos_saharaoccidental_2006.pdf|isbn = 84-9781-253-0|publisher= Ministerio de Defensa de España & Universidad Carlos III de Madrid|year= 2006|id = Fuente & Mariño|page = 117}}</ref>
* {{SRB}} – 250
* {{SVK}} – 50
* Free Syrian Army and other rebel groups – large numbers<ref name=janes-20160408>{{cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/59374/us-arms-shipment-to-syrian-rebels-detailed |title=US arms shipment to Syrian rebels detailed |author=Jeremy Binnie, Neil Gibson |publisher=IHS |work=Jane's Defence Weekly |date=8 April 2016 |accessdate=3 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161205081205/http://www.janes.com/article/59374/us-arms-shipment-to-syrian-rebels-detailed |archive-date=5 December 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{SYR}}<ref name="Palmyra">{{cite news|title=Bataille de Palmyre: les djihadistes de Daech infligent un revers cinglant à l'armée de Bachar al-Assad|date=13 December 2016|url=http://www.francesoir.fr/politique-monde/bataille-de-palmyre-les-djihadistes-de-daech-infligent-un-revers-cinglant-l-armee-de-bachar-al-assad-etat-islamique-victoire-symbole-cit%C3%A9-antique-monument-Russie-Unesco-terrorisme|work=France-Soir|access-date=4 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180904121231/http://www.francesoir.fr/politique-monde/bataille-de-palmyre-les-djihadistes-de-daech-infligent-un-revers-cinglant-l-armee-de-bachar-al-assad-etat-islamique-victoire-symbole-cit%C3%A9-antique-monument-Russie-Unesco-terrorisme|archive-date=4 September 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> – 100
* {{UKR}} – 800
* {{YEM}} – 100
* {{VIE}}

===Former operators===
* {{TCH}} – all transferred to both successors after Dissolution of Czechoslovakia.
* {{DDR}} – Passed on to Germany after the German Reunification.
* {{GER}} – all retired soon after German Reunification.
* {{POL}} – withdrawn and stored since early 2010s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://polska-zbrojna.pl/home/articleshow/21502?t=Pirat-coraz-blizej |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115184703/http://polska-zbrojna.pl/home/articleshow/21502?t=Pirat-coraz-blizej |archive-date=2018-01-15 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{SLO}} – replaced by Spike missile.
* {{USSR}} – passed to successor states.

==See also==
* List of Russian weaponry

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* Hull, A.W., Markov, D.R., Zaloga, S.J. (1999). ''Soviet/Russian Armor and Artillery Design Practices 1945 to Present''. Darlington Productions. {{ISBN|1-892848-01-5}}.

==External links==
* [https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/row/at4spigot.htm FAS]
* [http://btvt.narod.ru/4/fagot.htm Btvt.narod.ru] ''in Russian''


[[Category:Anti-tank missiles]]

{{Sourceattribution|9K111 Fagot|1}}