View source for Engineering:Antonov An-12

{{Short description|Soviet medium-range transport aircraft}}
<!-- This article is a part of Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft. Please see Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout. -->
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
 |name= An-12
 |image= File:Antonov An-12BK, Russia - Air Force AN1879625.jpg
 |caption= An-12 of the {{wipe|Russian Air Force}}
}}
{{Infobox aircraft type
 |type=Civil and [[Engineering:Military transport aircraft|military transport aircraft]]
 |design group= [[Company:Antonov|Antonov]]
 |builder= 
 |first flight= 16 December<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.antonov.com/aircraft/antonov-gliders-and-airplanes/an-12?lang=en|title=Antonov official website|access-date=15 August 2009|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://timetravel.mementoweb.org/memento/2011/http://www.antonov.com/aircraft/antonov-gliders-and-airplanes/an-12?lang=en|archive-date=23 January 2018}}</ref> 1957
 |introduced= 1959
 |retired=
 |status= In service
 |primary user= [[Organization:Russian Aerospace Forces|Russian Aerospace Forces]]
 |more users= Aeroflot <br />{{wipe|PLA Air Force}}
 |produced= 1957–1973
 |number built= 1,248
 |developed from= [[Engineering:Antonov An-10|Antonov An-10]]
 |variants with their own articles= [[Engineering:Shaanxi Y-8|Shaanxi Y-8]]
}}
|}

The '''Antonov An-12''' ([[Social:Russian language|Russian]]: Антонов Ан-12; NATO reporting name: '''Cub''') is a four-engined [[Engineering:Turboprop|turboprop]] transport aircraft designed in the [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]]. It is the military version of the [[Engineering:Antonov An-10|Antonov An-10]] and has many variants. For more than three decades the An-12 was the standard medium-range cargo and paratroop transport aircraft of the Soviet air forces. A total of 1,248 were eventually built.<ref name="AirInternational"/>

==Design and development==
[[File:Antonov An-12BP.jpg|thumb|Antonov An-12BP at China Aviation Museum, Beijing]]

Developed from the [[Engineering:Antonov An-8|Antonov An-8]], the An-12 was a military version of the An-10 passenger transport. The first prototype An-12 flew in December 1957 and entered Soviet military service in 1959. Initially, the aircraft was produced at the State Aviation Factory in Irkutsk. From 1962, production was transferred to [[Place:Tashkent|Tashkent]], where 830 were built. Later, production moved to Voronezh and Kazan.<ref name="AirInternational"/>

In military use, the An-12 has capacity for up to 100 fully equipped paratroopers or 20,000&nbsp;kg (44,090 lb) of cargo, which is loaded through the rear loading ramp/door.<ref name="AirInternational"/>

In terms of configuration, size, and capability, the aircraft is similar to the United States-built [[Engineering:Lockheed C-130 Hercules|Lockheed C-130 Hercules]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2019}} Soviet military and former-Soviet An-12s have a defensive tail gun turret.

===Chinese production===
{{Main|Engineering:Shaanxi Y-8}}

In the 1960s, China purchased several An-12 aircraft from the Soviet Union, along with a license to assemble the aircraft locally. Due to the Sino-Soviet split, the Soviet Union withdrew its technical assistance. The Xi'an Aircraft Company and Xi'an Aircraft Design Institute reverse-engineered the An-12 for local production, and the first flight of a Chinese-assembled An-12 was delayed until 1974 after USSR ceased production in 1973.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/airlift/y8.asp |title= Y8 Turboprop Transport Aircraft |publisher= Sino Defence |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080327011657/http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/airlift/y8.asp |archive-date= 27 March 2008 |df= dmy-all }}</ref>

In 1981, the Chinese version of the An-12, designated [[Engineering:Shaanxi Y-8|Y-8]], finally entered production. Since then, the Y-8 has become one of China's most popular military and civilian transport/cargo aircraft, with many variants produced and exported. A Tu-16/[[Engineering:Xian H-6|H-6 bomber]] navigator cockpit design was chosen for the Y-8 instead of the original An-12 shorter navigator cockpit design, as the H-6 bomber had been in serial production for some time.<ref name="AirForceWorld.com_Y8_navigator_cockpit">{{cite web |url=http://airforceworld.com/pla/y8-transporter-china.htm |title=Y8 navigator cockpit modification |work=AirForceWorld.com |access-date=8 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909125537/http://airforceworld.com/pla/y8-transporter-china.htm |archive-date=9 September 2011  }}</ref> Although the An-12 is no longer in use either in Russia or in Ukraine, the Y-8 is upgraded and produced in China. The latest Y8-F600 is a joint venture between the Shaanxi Aircraft Company, Antonov Aeronautical Scientific Technical Complex (ASTC), and Pratt & Whitney Canada. The Y8-F600 has a redesigned fuselage, western avionics, PW150B turboprop engines with an R-408 propeller system, and a two-crew [[Engineering:Glass cockpit|glass cockpit]].<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.shanfei.com/2005_english/Product/Y8F600.htm
 |title=Y8F600 aircraft
 |publisher=Shaanxi Aircraft Industry
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060521122248/http://www.shanfei.com/2005_english/Product/Y8F600.htm
 |archive-date=21 May 2006
}}</ref>

==Operational history==
[[File:Antonov An-12B P7-AirdropPlatform Krakau-Luftfahrtmuseum 20210907-2wp.jpg|thumb|P-7 airdrop platform for use with An-12 aircraft. Equipped with MKS-5-12P parachute system. Loaded weight 4000-4900 kg. First used at the October Storm exercises near Erfurt, GDR. Last dropped in Poland 1986.]]
===Soviet Air Forces===
The aircraft first took flight in 1957 and was produced in the USSR until 1973. It was used in a variety of roles from search and rescue operations to equipment transportation. Its most significant use was seen during the Soviet-Afghan War. Among Soviet soldiers, it was infamously known that the plane would take off from Afghanistan to [[Place:Tashkent|Tashkent]] with "Cargo 200" or coffins with the bodies of deceased soldiers. To this regard the aircraft was nicknamed "'''Black Tulip'''" ([[Social:Russian language|Russian]]: «Чёрный тюльпан»).<ref name="«Чёрный тюльпан»: почему советские солдаты в Афганистане так назвали самолёт АН-12">{{cite web |url=https://zen.yandex.ru/media/russian7/chernyi-tiulpan-pochemu-sovetskie-soldaty-v-afganistane-tak-nazvali-samolet-an12-5d72bcd2aad43600adac70c1 |title="Чёрный тюльпан": почему советские солдаты в Афганистане так назвали самолёт АН-12 |work= Русская Семёрка |access-date=7 April 2020 |url-status= live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408002824/https://zen.yandex.ru/media/russian7/chernyi-tiulpan-pochemu-sovetskie-soldaty-v-afganistane-tak-nazvali-samolet-an12-5d72bcd2aad43600adac70c1 |archive-date=8 April 2020  }}</ref>

==Variants==
{{Main|Engineering:List of Antonov An-12 variants}}
In addition to its basic cargo transport role, the An-12 was adapted as a platform for a wide variety of specialist tasks and some 30 different variants were produced. Upgrades included increased take-off weights and additional fuel capacity. The upgraded variant An-12BP became the standard tactical transport of the Soviet and other air forces.<ref name="AirInternational"/> In 2019, it was announced at the military "Army-2019" Forum that Russia started working on an armed ground-attack and close air support variant of the An-12, similar to the AC-130.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/6592791|title=Источник: аналог американской летающей батареи AC-130 разрабатывается в России |website=TASS |date=26 June 2019 |trans-title=Source: Analogue of the American flying battery AC-130 is being developed in Russia}}</ref> In 2021, it was announced that the gunship will not be based on the An-12 after all, as it did not meet the requirements for a "flying gunner."<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Lavrov |first1=Anton |last2=Kretzul |first2=Roman|url=https://iz.ru/1110121/anton-lavrov-roman-kretcul/arsenal-okhotnika-transportnyi-samolet-poluchit-upravliaemye-rakety|title = Арсенал «Охотника»: транспортный самолет получит управляемые ракеты |website=Izvestia |date = 12 January 2021 |trans-title=Arsenal "Hunter": transport aircraft will receive guided missiles}}</ref>

==Operators==
Currently the An-12 is popular with cargo operators, especially those in the CIS, Africa and the [[Earth:Indian subcontinent|Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="Gordon An-12">Gordon, Yefim & Komissarov, Dmitry. Antonov An-12. Midland. Hinkley. 2007. {{ISBN|978-1-85780-255-9}} {{page needed|date=December 2015}}</ref>

===Civil operators===
[[File:001 An-12, Malmo Airport, Sweden.jpg|thumb|47-year-old An-12 still operational, seen at Malmö Airport, Sweden]]
[[File:Vega Air Antonov An-12 JDK.jpg|thumb|An An-12A of Vega Air makes a smokey takeoff from Kastrup Airport in 2004]]

On 12 January 2009, the [[Place:United Arab Emirates|United Arab Emirates]] (UAE) issued a temporary ban of the An-12 from flying over their airspace following runway incursions at Sharjah International Airport and the GCAA has advised operators to stop using the aircraft.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.ameinfo.com/181034.html
|title=GCAA issues temporary ban of Antonov An-12 from UAE airspace
|access-date=13 January 2009
| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090201142826/http://www.ameinfo.com/181034.html| archive-date= 1 February 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> The ban was made permanent in Feb 2010.<ref>
{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/UAE-bans-ANTONOV-An-12-aircraft-from-its-airspace-/articleshow/5590592.cms|title=UAE bans ANTONOV An-12 aircraft from its airspace|access-date=19 February 2010|work=The Times of India|date=19 February 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221131050/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/UAE-bans-ANTONOV-An-12-aircraft-from-its-airspace-/articleshow/5590592.cms|archive-date=21 February 2010|url-status=live}}
</ref>
====Current====
;{{ARM}}
* Air Armenia
;{{BLR}}
* Ruby Star Airways
;{{MEX}}
* Air One (Mexico)
;{{RUS}}
* ATRAN Cargo Airlines
* SAT Airlines
;{{THA}}
* Air People International
;{{UKR}}
* Aerovis Airlines
* Antonov Airlines
* CAVOK Air
* Motor Sich Airlines
* Ukraine Air Alliance
* Volare Airlines
;{{USA}}
* SRX,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srx.aero/services/charters/fleet/an12|title=SRX :: Fleet|access-date=26 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031014534/http://www.srx.aero/services/charters/fleet/an12|archive-date=31 October 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> ''(leased from the Uzbekistan based firm Avialeasing)''

====Former====
;{{ANG}}
* Alada
;{{BUL}}
* Balkan Bulgarian Airlines<ref>Endres 1979, p. 189.</ref>
* Air Sofia
;{{PRC}}
* CAAC Airlines;<ref>Endres 1979, p. 15.</ref> see also Shaanxi Y8
;{{EGY}}
* Egyptair
;{{FRA}}
* Darta
;{{GUI}}:
* Air Guinee
;{{GHA}}:
* Ghana Airways The sole An-12 was delivered in October 1961. Withdrawn from use in 1962 and returned to the Soviet Union in 1963.<ref>''Vintage Russian. Props and Jets of the Iron Curtain Airlines'', Airlife Publishing, Shrewsbury 1998, {{ISBN|1-85310-971-1}}.</ref>
;{{IRQ}}
* Iraqi Airways<ref>Endres 1979, p. 401–402.</ref>
;{{PHI}}
* Interisland Airlines
;{{POL}}
* LOT Polish Airlines<ref>Endres 1979, p. 351.</ref>
;{{RUS}}
* Avial Aviation
;{{SRB}}
* United International Airlines
;{{flag|Sudan}}
* Azza Transport<ref name="african migs p244">{{harvnb|Cooper|Weinert|Hinz|Lepko|2011|page=244}}</ref>
* Badr Airlines<ref name="african migs p244" />
* Juba Air Cargo<ref name="african migs p244" />

===Military operators===
====Current====
;{{ANG}}
* People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola<ref name="fiwaf15 p32">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 8–14 December 2015, p. 32.</ref>
;{{TCD}}
* {{wipe|Chadian Air Force}}<ref name="World Air Forces 2022">{{cite web |last = |first = |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/world-air-forces-directory-2022/146695.article|title = World Air Forces 2022|publisher= Flightglobal |year= 2022 |doi = |accessdate= 14 July 2022|url-access=registration}}</ref>
;{{ETH}}
* {{wipe|Ethiopian Air Force}}<ref name="fiwaf15 p37">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 8–14 December 2015, p. 37.</ref>
;{{KAZ}}<ref name="fiwaf15 p41">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 8–14 December 2015, p. 41.</ref>
* Kazakh Air Defense Forces
;{{MYA}}
* {{wipe|Myanmar Air Force}}
;{{NGA}}
* {{wipe|Nigerian Air Force}} – 12 An-12s in service
;{{RUS}}
* [[Organization:Russian Aerospace Forces|Russian Aerospace Forces]]<ref name="fiwaf15 p46">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 8–14 December 2015, p. 46.</ref>
* Russian Naval Aviation<ref name="fiwaf15 p46"/>
;{{SUD}}
* Sudanese Air Force<ref name="fiwaf15 p48">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 8–14 December 2015, p. 48.</ref>
;{{UZB}}
* Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces<ref name="fiwaf15 p53">Hoyle ''Flight International'' 8–14 December 2015, p. 53.</ref>

====Former====
;{{DZA}}
* {{wipe|Algerian Air Force}}
;{{ARM}}
* {{wipe|Armenian Air Force}}
;{{Flagcountry|Islamic State of Afghanistan}}
* The {{wipe|Afghan Air Force}} operated 12 from 1981 through 2001. One of their An-12s which defected to Pakistan is preserved at PAF Museum, Karachi
;{{BGD}}
* {{wipe|Bangladesh Air Force}} operated from 1973 to 1980s, now all retired
;{{CIV}}
* {{wipe|Cote d'Ivoire Air Force}}
;{{CZE}}
* {{wipe|Czech Air Force}}
;{{CZS}}
* {{wipe|Czechoslovakian Air Force}} : Czechoslovakia's fleet numbering two was divided evenly between the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic upon split with Slovakia. All CzAF An-12s were phased out of active service in the 1990s.
;{{EGY}}
* {{wipe|Egyptian Air Force}} - 22 acquired<ref>{{harvnb|Cooper|2017|page=11}}</ref>
;{{GEO}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geo-army.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=9&lang=en |title=Armament of the Georgian Army |publisher=Georgian Army |access-date=25 June 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120309192408/http://geo-army.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=9&Itemid=9&lang=en |archive-date=9 March 2012 }}</ref>
;{{IND}}
* The {{wipe|Indian Air Force}} inducted the first of these aircraft in 1961, when it raised No.44 Squadron "The Himalayan Geese". Six of these aircraft soon took part in airlifting army reinforcements to Ladakh during the Sino-Indian War of 1962. The An-12 was subsequently used to raise No.25 Squadron. The An-12s were also used as heavy bombers during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. All IAF An-12s were phased out of active service in the 1990s. One of them is preserved at the {{wipe|Indian Air Force Museum, Palam}}, New Delhi.
;{{IDN}}
* {{wipe|Indonesian Air Force}} – Retired in 1970
;{{IRQ}}
* {{wipe|Iraqi Air Force}} – Retired in 2003
;{{JOR}}
* {{wipe|Royal Jordanian Air Force}}
;{{MNG}}
* {{wipe|Mongolian Air Force}} - Retired 12 An-12<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldairforces.com/countries/mongolia/mon.html |title=World Air Forces Mongolia Air Force |access-date=8 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905025517/http://www.worldairforces.com/Countries/mongolia/mon.html |archive-date=5 September 2012 }}</ref>
;{{POL}}
* {{wipe|Polish Air Force}} used two An-12B from 1966 until 1977 (crashed) and 1995<ref>Gołąbek, Adam: ''13. Pułk Lotnictwa Transportowego'' in: ''Lotnictwo z szachownicą'' nr. 9 and nr. 10</ref>
;{{SVK}}
* Slovak Air Force received one An-12BP registered 2209 in 1993. It was sold to Moldavia in 1999 and now serves with Angolan Air Force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://forum.valka.cz/viewtopic.php/title/An-12BP-2209/t/52726|title=An-12BP 2209 :: An-12BP|author=Radek Havelka|work=valka|access-date=26 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141226183049/http://forum.valka.cz/viewtopic.php/title/An-12BP-2209/t/52726|archive-date=26 December 2014|url-status=live}}{{vs|this is a forum!|date=December 2015}}</ref>
;{{Flag|South Yemen}}
* {{wipe|Yemeni Air Force}}
;{{USSR}}
* The Soviet fleet was dispersed among many of the Soviet Union's successor states.
* {{wipe|Soviet Air Force}}
* Soviet Naval Aviation
;{{SYR}}
* {{wipe|Syrian Air Force}}
;{{TZA}}
* {{wipe|Tanzania Air Force Command}}
;{{TKM}}
Turkmenistan Air Forces
;{{UKR}}
* {{wipe|Ukrainian Air Force}}
* Ukrainian Naval Aviation
;{{YUG}}
* SFR Yugoslav Air Force

==Accidents and incidents==

==Specifications (An-12)==
[[File:Antonov An-12 Cub two-view silhouette.png|thumb|Antonov An-12]]
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Global Aircraft,<ref name=global>{{cite web | title=An-12 Cub | work=Global Aircraft | url=http://www.globalaircraft.org/planes/an-12_cub.pl | access-date=9 March 2006 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060219100727/http://www.globalaircraft.org/planes/an-12_cub.pl| archive-date= 19 February 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref> Airliners.net<ref name=airliners.net>{{cite web | title=The Antonov An-12 & Shaanxi Y8 | work=Airliners.net | url=http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=35 | access-date=9 March 2006 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060219080507/http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=35| archive-date= 19 February 2006 | url-status= live}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|crew=5 (two pilots, flight engineer, navigator, radio operator)
|capacity={{cvt|20000|kg|0}} payload / 60 paratroopers / 2x [[Engineering:BMD-1|BMD-1]] armoured vehicles
|length m=33.1
|length note=
|span m=38
|span note=
|height m=10.53
|height note=
|wing area sqm=121.7
|wing area note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=<!--'''root:''' [[Physics:NACA airfoil|NACA]]; '''tip:''' [[Physics:NACA airfoil|NACA]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>-->
|empty weight kg=28000
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=61000
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=4
|eng1 name=Ivchenko AI-20L or AI-20M
|eng1 type=[[Engineering:Turboprop|turboprop]] engines
|eng1 shp=4000
|eng1 note=equivalent

|prop blade number=4
|prop name=constant-speed reversible-pitch propellers
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia note=
<!--
        Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=660
|max speed note=
|max speed mach=<!-- supersonic aircraft -->
|cruise speed kmh=570
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=5700
|range note=with maximum fuel
:::: {{cvt|3600|km|mi nmi}} with maximum payload
|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km=
|ferry range note=
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=10200
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=10.2
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=<!--</br>
*'''Take-off run:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Take-off run to {{cvt|15|m|0}}:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Landing run:''' {{cvt||m|0}}
*'''Landing run from {{cvt|15|m|0}}:''' {{cvt||m|0}}-->
<!--
        Armament
-->
|guns=2× 23 mm (0.906 in) [[Engineering:Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23|Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23]] [[Engineering:Autocannon|cannons]] in a tail turret (some aircraft)

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Engineering:Antonov An-22|Antonov An-22]]
* [[Engineering:Shaanxi Y-8|Shaanxi Y-8]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Engineering:Lockheed C-130 Hercules|Lockheed C-130 Hercules]]
* Transall C.160
|lists=
* List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS
|see also=
* [[Engineering:Military transport aircraft|Military transport aircraft]]
}}

==References==
===Footnotes===
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="AirInternational">{{cite magazine|last=Allport|first=Dave|title=Military Transport Aircraft Directory (Part 2)|journal=Air International|date=April 1996|volume= 50|issue= 4|pages= 237}}</ref>
}}

===Sources===
* {{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 1: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1962-1994 |date=2017 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Solihull, UK |isbn=978-1-912174-23-2}}
* {{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |last2=Weinert |first2=Peter |last3=Hinz |first3=Fabian |last4=Lepko |first4=Mark |title=African MiGs, Volume 2: Madagascar to Zimbabwe |date=2011 |publisher=Harpia Publishing |location=Houston |isbn=978-0-9825539-8-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Endres| first=Günter G.|title=World Airline Fleets 1979|location= Hounslow, UK|publisher= Airline Publications and Sales Ltd.|year= 1979|isbn=978-0-905117-53-9}}.
* {{cite magazine|last=Hoyle|first=Craig|title=World Air Forces Directory|journal=Flight International|date=8–14 December 2015|volume= 188|issue= 5517|pages= 26–53|issn=0015-3710}}
*{{cite journal|title=Pentagon Over the Islands: The Thirty-Year History of Indonesian Military Aviation|journal=Air Enthusiast Quarterly |date=n.d. |issue=2 |pages=154–162 |issn=0143-5450}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081208134409/http://militarypedia.corran.pl/wiki/Antonow_An-12_w_Wojsku_Polskim List of all An-12 aircraft used by Polish Air Force]
* [http://www.airliners.net/search/photo.search?aircraft_genericsearch=Antonov%20An-12&distinct_entry=true Pictures of An-12]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927021855/http://www1.airpics.com/search/search.php?string=An-12%20&si=0&count=10&st=1&ar=2 Hundreds of An-12 photos]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110909125537/http://airforceworld.com/pla/y8-transporter-china.htm Y-8 Transporter Intro, AirForceWorld.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151109165007/http://russianplanes.net/planelist/Antonov/An-12 Russianplanes.net]
* [http://news.in.msn.com/national/1968-plane-crash-victim%E2%80%99s-remains-recovered31. 1968 plane crash victim's remains recovered]{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Antonov An-012}}
[[Category:Four-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]

{{Sourceattribution|Antonov An-12}}