View source for Engineering:Apple I

{{Short description|First computer model built by Apple}}
{{Missing information|hardware description - unlike other similar micro computer articles, this article does not discuss and detail the actual capabilities. See talk|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox information appliance
| name = Apple I
| image = CopsonApple1_2k_cropped.jpg
| caption = 
| developer = [[Biography:Steve Wozniak|Steve Wozniak]]<br/>[[Biography:Steve Jobs|Steve Jobs]]
| manufacturer = 
| family = 
| type = [[Engineering:Personal computer|Personal computer]] / [[Engineering:Electronic kit|kit computer]]
| generation = 
| releasedate = {{start date and age|1976|4|11}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/apr11/apple-releases-its-first-computer/ |website=National Geographic |title=11 April 1976: Apple Releases Its First Computer |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524063514/https://www.nationalgeographic.org/thisday/apr11/apple-releases-its-first-computer/ |archive-date=24 May 2016}}</ref>
| lifespan = 
| price = {{US$|666.66|1976}}
| discontinued = {{End date|1977|09|30}}
| os = [[Software:Machine code monitor|System monitor]]<ref name="applefritter.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.applefritter.com/files/a1man.pdf |title=Apple-1 Operation Manual |via=Apple Fritter |access-date=May 10, 2018 |archive-date=May 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180511081123/https://www.applefritter.com/files/a1man.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| unitssold = 
| unitsshipped = 
| media = 
| power = 
| soc = 
| cpu = MOS 6502 @ [[Megahertz|1 MHz]]
| memory = 4 [[Kilobyte|KB]] of [[Random-access memory|RAM]] standard<br />expandable to 8 KB or 48 KB using expansion cards<br /> 256 [[Byte|B]] of ROM<ref name="applefritter.com"/>
| storage = 456 KB (cassette tape)
| memory card = 
| display = 
| graphics = 40×24 characters, hardware-implemented scrolling (Signetics 2513 "64×8×5 Character Generator"<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.datasheetarchive.com/pdf/download.php?id=5065adad5e4757ac90073038091de3931e7380&type=M&term=2513 | title=Datasheet Archive 2513 datasheet download | access-date=April 22, 2022 | archive-date=June 17, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617123616/https://www.datasheetarchive.com/pdf/download.php?id=5065adad5e4757ac90073038091de3931e7380&type=M&term=2513 | url-status=live }}</ref>)
| sound = 
| input = 
| controllers = 
| camera = 
| touchpad = 
| connectivity = 
| platform = 
| service = 
| dimensions = 
| weight = 
| topgame = 
| compatibility = 
| predecessor = 
| successor = Apple II
| related = 
| website = <!--{{URL|example.org}}-->
}}
The '''Apple Computer 1''', originally released as the '''Apple Computer''' and known later as the '''Apple I''' or '''Apple-1''', is an [[8-bit computing|8-bit]] [[Engineering:Desktop computer|desktop computer]] released by the Apple Computer Company (now [[Company:Apple Inc.|Apple Inc.]]) in 1976. It was designed by [[Biography:Steve Wozniak|Steve Wozniak]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.oneindia.in/2006/09/27/co-founder-tells-his-side-of-apple-story-1159346150.html |title=Co-founder tells his side of Apple story |agency=Reuters |date=September 27, 2006 |access-date=January 15, 2012 |archive-date=October 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022235122/http://news.oneindia.in/2006/09/27/co-founder-tells-his-side-of-apple-story-1159346150.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6167297|title=A Chat with Computing Pioneer Steve Wozniak|newspaper=NPR.org|access-date=March 27, 2018|archive-date=March 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327091333/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6167297|url-status=live}}</ref> The idea of selling the computer came from Wozniak's friend and Apple co-founder [[Biography:Steve Jobs|Steve Jobs]].<ref>{{Cite book |first=Owen W. |last=Linzmayer |year=2004 |title=Apple Confidential 2.0: The Definitive History of the World's Most Colorful Company |url=https://archive.org/details/appleconfidentia00linz_028 |url-access=registration |publisher=No Starch Press |page=[https://archive.org/details/appleconfidentia00linz_028/page/n16 5]|isbn=9781593270100}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first=Jason D. |last=O'Grady |year=2009 |title=Apple Inc. |url=https://archive.org/details/appleinccorporat00ogra_138 |url-access=registration |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=[https://archive.org/details/appleinccorporat00ogra_138/page/n17 3]|isbn=9780313362446}}</ref>  The Apple I was Apple's first product, and to finance its creation, Wozniak sold his HP-65 calculator for $500 and Jobs sold a second hand [[Engineering:Volkswagen Type 2|VW Microbus]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vcstar.com/news/2011/aug/30/kelley-jobs-vision-changed-the-way-we-work-play/?opinion=1|title=Ventura County Star|website=Ventura County Star|access-date=March 27, 2018|archive-date=October 6, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131006065302/http://www.vcstar.com/news/2011/aug/30/kelley-jobs-vision-changed-the-way-we-work-play/?opinion=1|url-status=live}}</ref> for a few hundred dollars (Wozniak later said that Jobs planned instead to use his bicycle to get around).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.groovypost.com/news/steve-jobs-steve-wozniak-remembers/|title=Steve Jobs: Steve Wozniak Remembers|website=www.groovypost.com|date=October 6, 2011|access-date=March 27, 2018|archive-date=March 10, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310061236/https://www.groovypost.com/news/steve-jobs-steve-wozniak-remembers/|url-status=live}}</ref> Wozniak demonstrated the first prototype in July 1976 at the Homebrew Computer Club in Palo Alto, California.<ref name = "Freiberger 2000">{{cite book | last1 = Freiberger | first1 = Paul |  first2 = Michael | last2 = Swaine | author-link2 = Michael Swaine (technical author) | title = Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer | publisher = McGraw-Hill | edition = 2nd | year = 2000 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/fireinvalleymaki00frei_0/page/265 265–267] | location = New York, NY | isbn = 0-07-135892-7 | quote = At a Homebrew meeting in July 1976, Woz gave a demonstration of the Apple 1. Paul Terrell, one of the industries earliest retailers, was in attendance. | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/fireinvalleymaki00frei_0/page/265 }}</ref>

Production was discontinued on September 30, 1977, after the June 10, 1977 introduction of its successor, the Apple II, which ''Byte'' magazine referred to as part of the "1977 Trinity" of personal computing (along with the PET 2001 from [[Company:Commodore International|Commodore Business Machines]] and the [[Engineering:TRS-80|TRS-80 Model I]] from [[Company:Tandy Corporation|Tandy Corporation]]).<ref>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.byte.com/art/9509/sec7/art15.htm
 |title=Most Important Companies
 |access-date=2008-06-10
 |date=September 1995
 |work=Byte
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080618072507/http://www.byte.com/art/9509/sec7/art15.htm
 |archive-date=June 18, 2008
}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Apple 1 Advertisement Oct 1976.jpg|thumb|left|Introductory advertisement for the Apple I computer]]
On March 5, 1975, Steve Wozniak attended the first meeting of the Homebrew Computer Club in Gordon French's garage. He was so inspired that he immediately set to work on what would eventually become the Apple I computer.<ref>{{cite book |last=Wozniak |first=Steve |title=iWoz |url=https://archive.org/details/iwozcomputergeek00wozn |url-access=registration |year=2006 |publisher=W.W. Norton & Company |isbn=978-0-393-33043-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/iwozcomputergeek00wozn/page/150 150]|quote=After my first meeting, I started designing the computer that would later be known as the Apple I. It was that inspiring.}}</ref> After building it for himself and showing it at the club, he and Steve Jobs gave out schematics (technical designs) for the computer to interested club members and even helped some of them build and test out copies. Then, Steve Jobs suggested that they design and sell a single etched and silkscreened circuit board&mdash;just the bare board, with no electronic parts&mdash;that people could use to build the computers. Wozniak calculated that having the board design laid out would cost {{US$|long=no|1000}} and manufacturing would cost another {{US$|long=no|20}} per board; he hoped to recoup his costs if 50 people bought the boards for {{US$|long=no|40}} each. To fund this small venture&mdash;their first company&mdash;Jobs sold his van and Wozniak sold his HP-65 calculator. Very soon after, Steve Jobs arranged to sell "something like 50" completely-built computers to the Byte Shop (a computer store in Mountain View, California) at {{US$|long=no|500}} each. To fulfill the {{US$|long=no|25000}} order, they obtained {{US$|long=no|20000}} in parts at [[Finance:Net D|30 days net]] and delivered the finished product in 10 days.<ref name="wozniak198412">{{cite magazine | url=https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1984-12/1984_12_BYTE_09-13_Communications#page/n461/mode/2up | title=The Apple Story / Part 1: Early History | magazine=BYTE | volume=9 | issue=13 | date=December 1984 | access-date=October 23, 2013 |author1=Williams, Gregg |author2=Moore, Rob | pages=A67–A71 | type=interview}}</ref>

The Apple I went on sale in July 1976 at a price of {{USD|666.66}},<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cnet.com/1606-2-5937610.html|title=Video: Wozniak: {{US$|long=no|500.66}} seemed like a good idea|date=November 7, 2005|publisher=CNET News|access-date=February 19, 2009|archive-date=October 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008062621/http://news.cnet.com/1606-2-5937610.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> because Wozniak "liked repeating digits" and because of a one-third markup on the {{US$|long=no|500}} wholesale price.{{sfn|Wozniak|2006|page=180}} Jobs had managed to get the inventory into the nation's first four storefront microcomputer retailers: Byte Shop (Palo Alto, California), itty bitty machine company (Evanston, Illinois), Data Domain (Bloomington, Indiana), and Computer Mart (New York City).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dr. Webster |date=27 August 2012 |title=Chapter 1: Apple History (Ray Borrill interview) |url=https://www.applefritter.com/replica/chapter1 |access-date=22 September 2022 |website=applefritter |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922145735/https://www.applefritter.com/replica/chapter1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The first unit produced was used in a high school math class, and donated to Liza Loop's public-access computer center.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Turner|first1=Daniel|title=MIT Technology Review|journal=MIT Technology Review|date=May 1, 2007|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/hack/407810/hack-the-apple-i/|access-date=16 April 2015|archive-date=April 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413161926/http://www.technologyreview.com/hack/407810/hack-the-apple-i/|url-status=live}}</ref> About 200 units were produced, and all but 25 were sold within nine or ten months.<ref name="wozniak198412" />

In April 1977, the price was dropped to {{US$|long=no|475}}.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.applefritter.com/node/2703|title = April 1977 Price List - Applefritter|website = www.applefritter.com|access-date = March 27, 2018|archive-date = April 25, 2009|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090425021739/http://applefritter.com/node/2703|url-status = live}}</ref> It continued to be sold through August 1977, despite the introduction of the Apple II in April 1977, which began shipping in June of that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.applefritter.com/node/2715|title=Bill of Sale - Applefritter|website=www.applefritter.com|access-date=March 27, 2018|archive-date=April 26, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426001601/http://www.applefritter.com/node/2715|url-status=live}}</ref> In October 1977, the Apple I was officially discontinued and removed from Apple's price list.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.applefritter.com/node/2707|title=October 1977 Price List - Applefritter|website=www.applefritter.com|access-date=March 27, 2018|archive-date=April 25, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425035459/http://www.applefritter.com/node/2707|url-status=live}}</ref> As Wozniak was the only person who could answer most customer support questions about the computer, the company offered Apple I owners discounts and trade-ins for Apple IIs to persuade them to return their computers.<ref name="ah04">{{cite web | url=http://apple2history.org/history/ah04/ | title=The Apple II, cont. | access-date=February 27, 2011 | work=Apple II History | date=December 2008 | archive-date=May 22, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522020820/http://apple2history.org/history/ah04/ | url-status=live }}</ref> These recovered boards were then destroyed by Apple, contributing to their later rarity.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.apple1notes.com/old_apple/Huston_Stories_files/A1%20Back%20Story.htm | title=The Huston brothers' Apple-1 Back Story | access-date=June 25, 2013 | archive-date=October 5, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005015359/http://www.apple1notes.com/old_apple/Huston_Stories_files/A1%20Back%20Story.htm | url-status=live }}</ref>

==Overview==
Wozniak's design originally used a Motorola 6800 processor, which cost $175, but when [[Company:MOS Technology|MOS Technology]] introduced the much cheaper 6502 microprocessor ($25) he switched.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-1-the-machine-that-made-computing-history/|title=10 facts about the Apple-1, the machine that made computing history|first=Michelle|last=Starr|date=June 29, 2016|accessdate=February 9, 2022|publisher=cNet|archive-date=February 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209214024/https://www.cnet.com/news/apple-1-the-machine-that-made-computing-history/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Apple I CPU ran at {{val|1.022727|ul=MHz}}, a fraction ({{frac|2|7}}) of the [[Engineering:NTSC|NTSC]] color carrier which simplified video circuitry. Memory used the new 4-Kbit [[Dynamic random-access memory|DRAM]] chips, and was {{val|4|ul=KB}}, expandable to {{val|8|u=KB}} on board, or {{val|64|u=KB}} externally. The board was designed to use the next generation of 16-Kbit memory chips when they became available.<ref>See advertisement reproduced on this page</ref> An optional $75 plug-in cassette interface card allowed users to store programs on ordinary audio [[Engineering:Cassette tape|cassette tape]]s. A [[BASIC]] interpreter, originally written by Wozniak, was provided that let users easily write programs and play simple games. An onboard AC power supply was included.

The Apple I's built-in [[Computer terminal|computer terminal]] circuitry with TV [[Composite video|composite]] output used [[Shift register|shift register]]s and a character generator. All one needed was a [[Engineering:Television set|television set]] and a ASCII keyboard. The Apple 1 did not come with a case. It was either used as-is or some chose to build custom (mostly wooden) cases.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Apple 1 Case |url=https://www.thegeekpub.com/275777/apple-1-case/ |website=The Geek Pub |date=September 16, 2021 |access-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-date=September 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918175500/https://www.thegeekpub.com/275777/apple-1-case/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Competing machines such as the [[Engineering:Altair 8800|Altair 8800]] generally were programmed with front-mounted [[Engineering:Switch#Toggle switch|toggle switches]] and used indicator lights (red [[Engineering:Light-emitting diode|LEDs]], most commonly) for output, and had to be extended with separate hardware to allow connection to a [[Computer terminal|computer terminal]] or a [[Engineering:Teletype Model 33|teletypewriter machine]]. This made the Apple I, along with earlier introduced [[Engineering:Sphere 1|Sphere 1]] and other hobbyist microcomputers, an innovative machine for its day.

===Apple I character set===
The computer used a Signetics 2513 64×8×5 Character Generator, capable of displaying uppercase characters, numbers and basic punctuation and math symbols with a 5x8 pixel font:<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.datasheetarchive.com/pdf/download.php?id=5065adad5e4757ac90073038091de3931e7380&type=M&term=2513 | title=Datasheet Archive 2513 datasheet download | access-date=April 22, 2022 | archive-date=June 17, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617123616/https://www.datasheetarchive.com/pdf/download.php?id=5065adad5e4757ac90073038091de3931e7380&type=M&term=2513 | url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" 
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|-
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|}

==Collectors' item==
[[File:Apple1innards.jpg|thumb|right|The circuit board of a fully assembled Apple I with cassette interface card]]
[[File:Original 1976 Apple 1 Computer In A Briefcase.JPG|thumb|Original 1976 Apple I computer in a briefcase. From the Sydney Powerhouse Museum collection. Note, audio cassette player inside.]]
[[File:Original 1976 Apple 1 Computer PCB.JPG|thumb|Original 1976 Apple I computer PCB. From the Sydney Powerhouse Museum collection.]]
{{As of|2022|08}}, 62 Apple I computers have been confirmed to exist, and, according to unverified information, 20 more are likely to exist. From these, 41 were produced in the first batch, 39 in the second batch, and 2 unknown versions, potentially from other batches, also exist. Most are now in working condition.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Apple 1 Registry|url=https://www.apple1registry.com/en/list.html|access-date=February 16, 2022|archive-date=February 16, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216213001/https://www.apple1registry.com/en/list.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

* The 1986 official ''Apple IIe Owner's Guide'' stated "Collectors now pay between $10,000 and $15,000 for an Apple I."<ref>{{cite web |title=Apple IIe Owner's Guide |url=https://www.apple.asimov.net/documentation/hardware/machines/Apple%20IIe%20Owner's%20Guide.pdf#page=130 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.apple.asimov.net/documentation/hardware/machines/Apple%20IIe%20Owner's%20Guide.pdf#page=130 |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |publisher=Apple Computer |page=112}}</ref>
* An Apple I reportedly sold for US$50,000 at auction in 1999.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ong|first=Josh|title=Auction of Apple's first computer expected to top {{US$|long=no|160}}k|url=http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/10/11/11/auction_of_apples_first_computer_expected_to_top_160k.html|website=Apple Insider|access-date=June 16, 2012|date=November 11, 2010|archive-date=September 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120903044403/http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/10/11/11/auction_of_apples_first_computer_expected_to_top_160k.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In 2008, the website ''Vintage Computing and Gaming'' reported that Apple I owner Rick Conte was looking to sell his unit and was "expecting a price in excess of {{US$|long=no|15000}} U.S." The site later reported Conte had donated the unit to the Maine Personal Computer Museum in 2009.<ref>{{citation|last=Edwards|first=Benj|date=September 15, 2008|title=Apple I For Sale|url=http://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/499|url-status=live|work=Vintage Computing and Gaming|access-date=April 1, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314062620/http://vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/499|archive-date=March 14, 2016}}.</ref>
* A unit was sold in September 2009 for {{US$|long=no|17480}} on eBay.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Apple 1 Registry|url=http://www.willegal.net/appleii/apple1-originals.htm|work=Apple I Mimeo Project|access-date=June 16, 2012|archive-date=June 2, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120602113858/http://www.willegal.net/appleii/apple1-originals.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
* A unit belonging to early Apple Computer engineers Dick and Cliff Huston was sold on March 23, 2010, for {{US$|long=no|42766}} on eBay.<ref>{{cite web|last=Calande|first=John|title=Another very nice Apple-1 sold on ebay yesterday|url=http://apple1computer.blogspot.com/2010/03/another-very-nice-apple-1-sold-on-ebay.html|access-date=June 16, 2012|date=March 24, 2010|archive-date=March 28, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328012522/http://apple1computer.blogspot.com/2010/03/another-very-nice-apple-1-sold-on-ebay.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In November 2010, an Apple I sold for £133,250 ($210,000) at Christie's auction house in London. The high price was likely due to the rare documents and packaging offered in the sale in addition to the computer, including the original packaging (with the return label showing Steve Jobs's parents' address, the original Apple Computer Inc "headquarters" being their garage), a personally typed and signed letter from Jobs (answering technical questions about the computer), and the original invoice showing "Steven" as the salesman. The computer was brought to [[Organization:Polytechnic University of Turin|Polytechnic University of Turin]] where it was fixed and used to run the [[BASIC]] programming language.<ref>{{cite news|last=BBC News|title=First Apple computer fetches £130,000 at auction|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11825954|work=BBC News|access-date=June 16, 2012|date=November 23, 2010|archive-date=June 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617032729/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11825954|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Christie's Sale 7882 / Lot 65|url=http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=5370965&sid=1d221fae-dbba-4746-9922-8ca3e066b4bf|publisher=Christie's|access-date=June 16, 2012|archive-date=March 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316215034/http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?from=searchresults&intObjectID=5370965&sid=1d221fae-dbba-4746-9922-8ca3e066b4bf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Heater|first=Brian|title=$211,000 Apple-1 up and running, wants to know what this 'cloud' thing is all about|url=https://www.engadget.com/2011/05/10/211-000-apple-1-up-and-running-wants-to-know-what-this-cloud/|work=engadget|publisher=engadget.com|access-date=June 16, 2012|archive-date=May 29, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529182405/http://www.engadget.com/2011/05/10/211-000-apple-1-up-and-running-wants-to-know-what-this-cloud/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On June 15, 2012, a working Apple I was sold at auction by [[Company:Sotheby's|Sotheby's]] for a then-record {{US$|long=no|374500}}, more than double the expected price.<ref name="austin">{{cite news|last=Austin|first=Scott|title=Original Apple 1 Computer Sells for {{US$|long=no|374500}} in Auction|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2012/06/15/original-apple-1-computer-sells-for-374500-in-auction/|access-date=June 16, 2012|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=June 15, 2012|url-access=subscription|archive-date=June 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617000536/http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2012/06/15/original-apple-1-computer-sells-for-374500-in-auction/|url-status=live}}</ref> This unit is on display at the Nexon Computer Museum in Jeju City, {{wipe|South Korea}}.[[File:LCM+L Working Apple I.jpg|thumb|Living Computers: Museum + Labs' Apple I, working and available for visitors to use]]
* In October 2012, a non-working Apple I from the estate of former Apple Computer employee Joe Copson was put up for auction by Christie's, but found no bidder who was willing to pay the starting price of {{US$|80000}} (£50,000).<ref>{{cite web|work=ABC News|url=https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2012/10/rare-apple-1-computer-no-sale-at-christies-auction|title=Rare apple 1 computer no sale at christies auction|access-date=October 28, 2012|archive-date=October 23, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023123852/http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2012/10/rare-apple-1-computer-no-sale-at-christies-auction/|url-status=live}}</ref>  Copson's board had previously been listed on eBay in December 2011, with a starting bid of {{US$|long=no|170000}} and failed to sell.  Following the Christie's auction, the board was restored to working condition by computer historian Corey Cohen.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=iPhone Hacks|url=http://www.iphonehacks.com/2015/04/rare-apple-1-pops-up-ebay.html|title=Rare working Apple-1 pops up on eBay with Cassette board accessory|date=April 15, 2015|access-date=September 30, 2015|archive-date=October 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001223705/http://www.iphonehacks.com/2015/04/rare-apple-1-pops-up-ebay.html|url-status=live}}</ref>  Copson's Apple I was once again listed on eBay, where it sold for US$236,100.03 on April 23, 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ebay.com/itm/Early-1976-Apple-1-computer-from-the-garage-of-Steve-Jobs-/271836061695?nma=true&si=8D88NGX71e0W%252FVZLq8P5Gijbhu8%253D&orig_cvip=true|title=Early 1976 Apple-1 computer, from the garage of Steve Jobs|access-date=September 30, 2015|website=ebay|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002053222/http://www.ebay.com/itm/Early-1976-Apple-1-computer-from-the-garage-of-Steve-Jobs-/271836061695?nma=true&si=8D88NGX71e0W%252FVZLq8P5Gijbhu8%253D&orig_cvip=true}}</ref>
* On November 24, 2012, a working Apple I was sold at auction by Auction Team Breker for €400,000 ({{US$|515000}}).<ref>{{cite web|title=the-saleroom.com |url=http://www.the-saleroom.com/en-gb/auction-catalogues/auction-team-breker/catalogue-id-2869018/lot-15886115 |publisher=ATG Media |access-date=November 24, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121128213407/http://www.the-saleroom.com/en-gb/auction-catalogues/auction-team-breker/catalogue-id-2869018/lot-15886115 |archive-date=November 28, 2012 }}</ref>
*On May 25, 2013, a functioning 1976 model was sold for a then-record €516,000 ({{US$|668000}}) in Cologne.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/working-apple-1-sells-at-auction-for-record-breaking-671400/|title=How much?! Working Apple-1 sells at auction for record-breaking {{US$|long=no|671400}}|date=May 27, 2013|website=digitaltrends.com|access-date=March 27, 2018|archive-date=December 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221003719/http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/working-apple-1-sells-at-auction-for-record-breaking-671400/|url-status=live}}</ref> Auction Team Breker said "an unnamed Asian client" bought the Apple I. This particular unit has Wozniak's signature. An old business transaction letter from Jobs also was included, as well as the original owner's manual.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vintage Apple computer auctioned off for {{US$|long=no|668000}}|url=https://news.yahoo.com/vintage-apple-computer-auctioned-off-668-000-153151365.html|publisher=Yahoo News|access-date=May 25, 2013|archive-date=June 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608021801/http://news.yahoo.com/vintage-apple-computer-auctioned-off-668-000-153151365.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On June 24, 2013, an Apple I was listed by Christie's as part of a special online-only auction lot called "First Bytes: Iconic Technology From the Twentieth Century." Bidding ran through July 9, 2013. The unit sold for {{US$|long=no|390000}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=First Apple Computer Sells for {{US$|long=no|390000}} in Christie's Technology Auction|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/488167/20130709/apple-1-computer-sold-auction-online-technology.htm|website=International Business Times|date=July 9, 2013|access-date=July 9, 2013|archive-date=July 9, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130709163409/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/488167/20130709/apple-1-computer-sold-auction-online-technology.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Apple I auction fails to break 500K|date=July 14, 2013|url=http://macmint.com/apple-1-auction-fails-to-break-500k|publisher=Macmint|access-date=July 14, 2013|archive-date=September 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930053806/http://macmint.com/apple-1-auction-fails-to-break-500k/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In November 2013, a working unit speculated to have been part of the original lot of 50 boards delivered to the Byte Shop was listed by Auction Team Breker for {{€|180000}} ({{US$|long=no|242820}}), but failed to sell during the auction. Immediately following the close of bidding, a private collector purchased it for {{€|246000}} ({{US$|long=no|330000}}). This board was marked "01-0046," matching the numbering placed on other units sold to the Byte Shop and included the original operation manuals, software cassettes, and shipping box autographed by Steve Wozniak. The board also bears Wozniak's signature.<ref>{{cite web|title=Apple 1 Sold for {{US$|long=no|330}}k After Auction Close|date=November 19, 2013|url=http://www.cultofmac.com/254940/update-apple-1-does-sell-for-330k-after-auction-close|publisher=Cult of Mac|access-date=March 28, 2014|archive-date=March 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329004300/http://www.cultofmac.com/254940/update-apple-1-does-sell-for-330k-after-auction-close/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* In October 2014, a working, early Apple I was sold at auction for {{US$|long=no|905000}} to the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. The sale included the keyboard, monitor, cassette decks and a manual. The auction was run by Bonhams.<ref>{{cite web|title=Apple-1 computer sold at auction for {{US$|long=no|905000}}|url=http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2014/10/22/apple-1-computer-sold-at-auction-for-905000|publisher=Fox News|access-date=October 22, 2014|archive-date=October 24, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024022016/http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2014/10/22/apple-1-computer-sold-at-auction-for-905000/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On December 13, 2014, a fully functioning, early Apple I was sold at auction for {{US$|long=no|365000}} by auction house Christie's. The sale included a keyboard, custom case, original manual and a check labeled "Purchased July 1976 from [[Biography:Steve Jobs|Steve Jobs]] in his parents' garage in Los Altos".<ref>{{cite web|title=Computer sold by Steve Jobs out of his parents' garage raises {{US$|long=no|365000}} at auction|url=https://news.yahoo.com/computer-sold-steve-jobs-parents-115801772.html|publisher=Yahoo!|access-date=December 14, 2014|archive-date=February 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215232334/http://news.yahoo.com/computer-sold-steve-jobs-parents-115801772.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On May 30, 2015, a woman reportedly dropped off boxes of electronics for disposal at an [[Computer recycling|electronics recycling center]] in the Silicon Valley of Northern California. Included in the items removed from her garage after the death of her husband was an original Apple I computer, which the recycling firm sold for {{US$|long=no|200000}} to a private collector. It is the company's practice to give back 50% of the proceeds to the original owner when an item is sold, so they want to find the mystery donor.<ref name=Cbs2015-05-30/><ref name=Cbc2015-05-31/>
* On September 21, 2015, an Apple I bearing the Byte Shop number 01-0059 was listed by Bonhams Auctions as part of their "History of Science and Technology" auction with a starting bid of US$300,000. The machine was described as, "in near perfect condition." The owner, Tom Romkey, "...only used the Apple-1 once or twice, and ...set it on a shelf, and did not touch it again."<ref>{{cite web|title=Lot 77 Apple-1 Computer|url=http://www.bonhams.com/auctions/22964/lot/77/|publisher=Bonhams Auctions|date=21 September 2015|access-date=October 1, 2015|archive-date=October 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002082702/http://www.bonhams.com/auctions/22964/lot/77/|url-status=live}}</ref> The machine did not sell.<ref>{{cite news|title=Early Apple computer fails to sell|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-34313005|work=BBC News|date=22 September 2015|access-date=October 1, 2015|archive-date=September 24, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010746/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-34313005|url-status=live}}</ref> However, Glenn and Shannon Dellimore, the co-founders of GLAMGLOW, a beauty company which they sold to Estee Lauder Companies, bought it after the auction through Bonhams Auction house. On the 40th Anniversary of Apple Computers 2016 the Dellimore's working Apple-1 went on loan and on display in 'Artifact'  at the V&A Museum in London, England.
* On August 26, 2016, an Apple I made and hand-built by Steve Jobs himself (according to Apple I expert Corey Cohen) and dubbed the 'Holy Grail' of computers was sold for {{US$|long=no|815000}} to winning bidders Glenn and Shannon Dellimore, the co-founders of cosmetics firm [[Company:Estée Lauder Companies|Glamglow]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.recode.net/2016/8/26/12648082/apple-1-prototype-auction-815000|title=This rare Apple 1 prototype, possibly assembled by Steve Jobs, sold to cosmetics executives for $815,000|last=Fried|first=Ina|date=2016-08-26|website=Recode|access-date=2016-08-28|archive-date=August 28, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828063143/http://www.recode.net/2016/8/26/12648082/apple-1-prototype-auction-815000|url-status=live}}</ref> in an auction by Charitybuzz. The for-profit internet company that raises funds for nonprofit organizations declared that ten percent of the proceeds will go to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, based in New York.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-37199000|title='First Apple computer' sells for $815,000|work=BBC News|date=August 26, 2016|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-08-28|archive-date=July 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702230825/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-37199000|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On April 15, 2017, an Apple I removed from Steve Jobs's office in 1985 by Apple quality control engineer Don Hutmacher was placed on display at Living Computers: Museum + Labs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seattlepi.com/seattlenews/article/Rare-Apple-I-exhibit-in-the-heart-of-Microsoft-11071672.php|title=Rare Apple I exhibit in the heart of Microsoft country|website=seattlepi.com|date=April 13, 2017|access-date=March 27, 2018|archive-date=February 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211131926/https://www.seattlepi.com/seattlenews/article/Rare-Apple-I-exhibit-in-the-heart-of-Microsoft-11071672.php|url-status=live}}</ref> This Apple I was modified by Dan Kottke and Bill Fernandez.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.apple1registry.com/en/70.html|title=Apple-1 Registry|access-date=July 29, 2021|archive-date=July 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729091311/https://www.apple1registry.com/en/70.html|url-status=live}}</ref> This previously unknown unit was purchased from Hutmacher's heirs for an undisclosed amount.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}
* On September 25, 2018, a functioning Apple I was purchased at a Dallas auction for {{US$|long=no|375000}} by an anonymous buyer.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-45647449|title=Original working Apple I computer fetches {{US$|long=no|375000}} at auction|last=Lee|first=David|date=September 25, 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=September 26, 2018|archive-date=September 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925224824/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-45647449|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On May 23, 2019, an Apple I was purchased through Christie's auction house in London for £371,000. This Apple I is uniquely built into the bottom half of a briefcase and the lot included a modified cassette interface card, Panasonic RQ-309DS cassette tape recorder, SWTPC PR-40 alphanumeric printer, Sanyo VM4209 monitor and Motorola M6800 microprocessor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rare Apple I fetches {{US$|long=no|471000}} at Christie's auction|url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/19/05/26/rare-apple-i-fetches-471000-at-christies-auction|work=Apple Insider|access-date=May 26, 2019|archive-date=May 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527063248/https://appleinsider.com/articles/19/05/26/rare-apple-i-fetches-471000-at-christies-auction|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On March 12, 2020, a fully-functional Apple I was purchased at a Boston auction for {{US$|long=no|458711}}. The lot included the original board with a Synertek CPU, Apple Cassette Interface, display case, keyboard kit, power supply, monitor and manuals.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rare functional Apple-1 computer sold at auction for {{US$|long=no|458711}}|url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/20/03/13/rare-functional-apple-1-computer-sold-at-auction-for-458711|work=Apple Insider|access-date=March 13, 2020|archive-date=March 14, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314140138/https://appleinsider.com/articles/20/03/13/rare-functional-apple-1-computer-sold-at-auction-for-458711|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On November 9, 2021, one sold with user manuals and Apple software on two cassette tapes for {{US$|long=no|500000}} (many wrote $400,000 and forgot the premium), originally purchased by a college professor then sold to his student for {{US$|long=no|650}}.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-11-10|title=Apple's original computer fetches {{US$|long=no|400000}} at US auction|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-59222749|access-date=2021-11-10|archive-date=November 10, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110055255/https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-59222749|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On August 18, 2022, the only known Apple I prototype in existence, dubbed ''Production Prototype Computer A'', sold on RR Auction for over {{US$|long=no|677000}} (roughly 200x the original Apple I price adjusted for inflation), after nearly a month on auction.<ref>{{cite web | last=Associated Press | date=August 19, 2022 | url=https://www.kktv.com/2022/08/19/jobs-apple-1-computer-prototype-auctioned-nearly-700k/ | title=Jobs' Apple-1 computer prototype auctioned for nearly $700K | work=KKTV.com | publisher=Gray Television, Inc. | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824212749/https://www.kktv.com/2022/08/19/jobs-apple-1-computer-prototype-auctioned-nearly-700k/ | archivedate=August 24, 2022 | access-date=August 24, 2022 | url-status=live }}</ref> The prototype is heavily damaged—having been split down the near-middle—and only the left-hand portion (bearing the "Apple Computer A" marking) survives. This prototype was thought lost for nearly 40 years, surviving in only several Polaroids taken by Paul Terrell, whose Byte Shop computer outlet was the first to stock Apple I in 1976. Terrell signed on to order shipments of the Apple I after viewing this prototype, which is said to have been hand-soldered by Wozniak.<ref>{{cite web | last=Szondy | first=David | date=July 24, 2022 | url=https://newatlas.com/computers/lost-apple-computer-prototype-goes-auction-block/ | title= "Lost" Apple computer prototype goes on the auction block  | work=New Atlas | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725000305/https://newatlas.com/computers/lost-apple-computer-prototype-goes-auction-block/ | archivedate=July 25, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | date=July 2022 | url=https://www.apple1registry.com/en/2.html | title='Production prototype Computer A' Apple-1 - number 2 in the Registry | work=Apple-1 Registry | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723081821/https://www.apple1registry.com/en/2.html | archivedate=July 23, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last=Staff writer | date=July 23, 2022 | url=https://www.kktv.com/2022/07/23/steve-jobs-original-apple-computer-prototype-up-auction/ | title=Steve Jobs' original Apple computer prototype up for auction | work=KKTV.com | publisher=Gray Television, Inc. | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723050537/https://www.kktv.com/2022/07/23/steve-jobs-original-apple-computer-prototype-up-auction/ | archivedate=July 23, 2022 | agency=CNN}}</ref>

==Serial numbers==
Both Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak have stated that Apple did not assign serial numbers to the Apple l. Several boards have been found with numbered stickers affixed to them, which appear to be inspection stickers from the PCB manufacturer/assembler. A batch of boards is known to have numbers hand-written in black permanent marker on the back; these usually appear as "01-00##". As of January 2022, 29 Apple-1s with a serial number are known. The highest known number is {{not a typo|01–0079}}. Two original Apple-1s have been analyzed by PSA, Los Angeles, concluding the serial numbers had been hand-written by Steve Jobs.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Apple 1 Registry - THE SOLVED RIDDLE OF THE SERIAL NUMBER|url=https://www.apple1registry.com/en/serial.html|access-date=February 10, 2022|archive-date=February 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211234155/https://www.apple1registry.com/en/serial.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Museums displaying an original Apple 1 Computer==
===United States===
* American Computer & Robotics Museum in Bozeman, Montana (signed by Wozniak)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baqué |first=Achim |title=Apple-1 Registry - Apple-1 #52 'American Computer Museum' |url=https://www.apple1registry.com/en/52.html |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=The Apple-1 Registry |language=en}}</ref>
* Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California
* Computer Museum of America in Roswell, Georgia
* Smithsonian Museum of American History in Washington, DC
* Living Computers: Museum + Labs in Seattle, Washington
* System Source Computer Museum in Hunt Valley, Maryland

===Australia===
* Powerhouse Museum in Sydney, New South Wales

===Germany===
* Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum in Paderborn (working condition)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heinz Nixdorf MuseumsForum |title=Inbetriebnahme Apple I – Teil 4 |website=[[Company:YouTube|YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N0kT5CxptjE | archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211122/N0kT5CxptjE| archive-date=2021-11-22 | url-status=live|access-date=29 September 2021}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Deutsches Museum in Munich (working condition)

===United Kingdom===
* Science Museum, London in London, United Kingdom

===South Korea===
* Nexon Computer Museum in Jeju Island, South Korea

===Switzerland===
* ENTER Computer Museum in Solothurn, Switzerland (ONLY the case is visible. It is unknown if an original Apple-1 is really inside. No picture of the Apple-1 can be found there.)

==Clones and replicas==
Several Apple I [[Clone (computing)|clones]] and replicas have been released in recent years. These are all created by hobbyists and marketed to the hobbyist/collector community. Availability is usually limited to small runs in response to demand.

* Replica 1: Created by Vince Briel. A software-compatible clone, produced using modern components, released in 2003 at a price of around $150.<ref>[http://www.applefritter.com/briel replica I – the apple I(c) clone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507212803/http://www.applefritter.com/briel |date=May 7, 2009 }}, retrieved August 15, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.brielcomputers.com/wordpress/?cat=4 replica I] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100120045545/http://www.brielcomputers.com/wordpress/?cat=4 |date=January 20, 2010 }} at official Briel computers web site, retrieved August 15, 2008</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Gagne |first=Ken |url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9136257/Image_gallery_Building_an_Apple_1_replica_from_scratch |title=Image gallery: Building an Apple-1 replica from scratch |work=Computerworld |date=2009-08-14 |access-date=August 15, 2009 |archive-date=August 16, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816163818/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9136257/Image_gallery_Building_an_Apple_1_replica_from_scratch |url-status=live }} story with pictures for assembling a Briel replica I from a kit</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Owad |first=Tom |url=http://www.applefritter.com/replica |title=Apple I Replica Creation |date=August 15, 2009 |access-date=April 1, 2005 |archive-date=April 30, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430051642/http://www.applefritter.com/replica |url-status=live }}</ref>
* PE6502: Created by Jason Putnam.  A single board computer kit made with all through-hole and current production components.  Runs Apple 1 "Integer BASIC", a clone of AppleSoft BASIC (floating point capable), Wozmon and Krusader- all built-in ROM.  32k of RAM, and a Parallax Propeller terminal.  Software compatible with the Apple 1.<ref>[http://putnamelectronics.com putnamelectronics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071451/http://putnamelectronics.com/ |date=January 21, 2018 }}, PE6502 Apple 1 replica kit.</ref>
* A-One: Created by Frank Achatz, also using modern components.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120513041430/http://www.achatz.nl/catalog/index.php?cPath=3&osCsid=03fdcd74daf16db60e1d726327277d88 Achatz Electronics], retrieved July 29, 2013, archived May 13, 2012</ref>
* RC6502 Apple I Replica, which uses a modern or period CPU and MC6821 PIA, and usually modern RAM and ROM. The system is modular, with multiple boards plugging into a backplane, but a single-board version (using an Arduino Nano to replace the keyboard and video hardware with a serial interface) is also available.<ref>{{cite web |title=RC6502 Apple 1 Replica |url=https://hvetebolle.blogspot.com/p/rc6502.html |website=Hvetebolle |access-date=2020-01-20 |archive-date=July 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200721205829/https://hvetebolle.blogspot.com/p/rc6502.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Obtronix Apple I reproduction: Created by Steve Gabaly, using original components or equivalents thereof.  Sold through eBay.<ref>[http://www.vectronicsappleworld.com/appleii/obtronix.php Vectronics Apple World: Obtronix Apple I Reproduction] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726052925/http://www.vectronicsappleworld.com/appleii/obtronix.php |date=July 26, 2013 }}, retrieved July 8, 2013</ref>
* Mimeo 1: Created by Mike Willegal. A hardware kit designed to replicate a real Apple I as accurately possible.  Buyers are expected to assemble the kits themselves.<ref>[http://www.willegal.net/appleii/apple1-kit.htm Mimeo 1 kit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812075832/http://www.willegal.net/appleii/apple1-kit.htm |date=August 12, 2013 }}, retrieved July 8, 2013</ref>
* Newton 1: Created by Michael Ng and released in 2012. Similar to the Mimeo 1, but is made using the same materials and same obsolete processing technique commonly used in the 1970s. Over 400 bare boards, kits and assembled boards were sold. There are Newton NTI and non-NTI versions available.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAFDvkjGLiA Apple 1 Replica (Newton 1) Running Test Program] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326203605/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TAFDvkjGLiA |date=March 26, 2017 }}, retrieved September, 2016</ref><ref>[https://www.flickr.com/photos/88527147@N03/albums/72157673978051745 Album of Newton 1 (by Michael Ng) including a side by side comparison with what believed to be one of the original boards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726101441/https://www.flickr.com/photos/88527147@N03/albums/72157673978051745 |date=July 26, 2020 }}, retrieved September, 2016</ref>
*Brain Board, a plug-in firmware board for the Apple II that, with the optional "Wozanium Pack" program, can emulate a functional Apple-1.<ref>[http://www.willegal.net/appleii/brainboard.htm The Brain Board with Wozanium Pack] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219172425/http://www.willegal.net/appleii/brainboard.htm |date=February 19, 2014 }}, retrieved February 2, 2014</ref>
* Replica by MDesk. An accurate [[Engineering:Printed circuit board|PCB]] copy of original Apple 1 was researched in 2012–2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mdesk.ru/a1/|title=Apple I (реплика)|website=mdesk.ru|language=ru|trans-title=Apple I (replica)|access-date=March 8, 2019|archive-date=July 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717131021/http://mdesk.ru/a1/|url-status=live}}</ref> A few PCBs without components were sold for $26 in 2014.
*SmartyKit 1 computer kit: created by Sergey Panarin with package design by Greg Chemeris and released in 2019. A hardware kit on breadboards designed to replicate a real Apple I with modern components (ROM, RAM, Arduino controllers for video and keyboard) and  real 6502 CPU. Made to teach anyone how to build a computer and how it works. Was presented at CES 2020 in Las Vegas and then featured in Apple Insider, WIRED, Tom's Hardware.<ref>[http://www.smartykit.io/ SmartyKit project website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615195249/https://smartykit.io/ |date=June 15, 2021 }}, retrieved June 17, 2021</ref>
*JRM2020: Created by Justin McDermid and released in 2020. Apple 1 replica motherboards in both regular and NTI versions based on edited open source Russian design.
*Spartan: A very accurate Apple 1 clone motherboard design created in 2022 by Justin McDermid with both non-NTI and NTI versions available as well as a special Apple Computer A version of the Apple 1 prototype motherboard.<ref>{{cite web |last1= |first1= |title=Apple1clone Spartan |url=http://apple1clone.com/ |website=Apple1clone |publisher=Justin McDermid |access-date=December 6, 2022 |archive-date=December 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206020410/http://apple1clone.com/ |url-status=live }} Retrieved December 1, 2022</ref>

==Emulation==
*Apple 1js, a web-based Apple I emulator written in JavaScript.<ref name=ScullInSteel/>
*[[Software:Multi Emulator Super System|MESS]], a multi-system emulator able to emulate the Apple I.
*OpenEmulator, an accurate emulator of the Apple I, the ACI (Apple Cassette Interface) and CFFA1 expansion card.
*Pom1, an open source Apple I emulator for Microsoft Windows, Arch Linux and Android devices.<ref>[http://pom1.sourceforge.net Pom1 Apple 1 Emulator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826151236/http://pom1.sourceforge.net/ |date=August 26, 2013 }}, retrieved July 17, 2013</ref>
*Apple 1 Emulator, an emulator for the [[Engineering:SAM Coupé|SAM Coupé]] home computer.<ref>[http://simonowen.com/sam/apple1emu/ Apple 1 Emulator - SAM Coupé] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127044234/http://simonowen.com/sam/apple1emu/ |date=November 27, 2013 }}, retrieved July 17, 2013</ref>
*CocoaPom, a Java-based emulator with a Cocoa front-end for Macintosh.<ref>[http://www.zophar.net/macintosh/apple1/cocoapom.html CocoaPom Apple 1 Emulator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604111036/http://www.zophar.net/macintosh/apple1/cocoapom.html |date=June 4, 2013 }}, retrieved July 17, 2013</ref>
*Sim6502, an Apple I emulator for Macintosh.<ref>[http://www.zophar.net/macintosh/apple1/sim6502.html Sim6502 Apple I emulator] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114223827/http://www.zophar.net/macintosh/apple1/sim6502.html |date=November 14, 2013 }} retrieved July 17, 2013</ref>
*Green Delicious Apple-1, an emulator for the [[Engineering:Commodore 64|Commodore 64]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://csdb.dk/release/?id=118857 | title=Green Delicious Apple-1 Emulator | access-date=February 28, 2018 | archive-date=February 28, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180228161920/http://csdb.dk/release/?id=118857 | url-status=live }}</ref>

==See also==
* Computer museums
* [[History of computer science]]
* [[History of computing]]

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist
|refs =
<ref name=ScullInSteel>{{cite news
| url         = http://www.scullinsteel.com/apple1/
| title         = Apple 1js: An Apple 1 Emulator in JavaScript
| access-date         = January 28, 2015
| archive-date         = April 7, 2015
| archive-url         = https://web.archive.org/web/20150407014704/http://www.scullinsteel.com/apple1/
| url-status         = live
}}</ref>
<ref name=Cbc2015-05-31>{{cite news
 |url          = http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/apple-1-computer-worth-200k-left-at-recycling-centre-1.3094519
 |title        = Apple 1 computer worth $200K left at recycling centre
 |publisher    = CBC News
 |date         = 2015-05-31
 |access-date  = 2015-05-31
 |agency       = Associated Press
 |quote        = A recycling centre in the Silicon Valley is looking for a woman who dropped off an old Apple computer that turned out to be a collectible item worth $200,000 US.
 |archive-date = May 31, 2015
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150531141711/http://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/apple-1-computer-worth-200k-left-at-recycling-centre-1.3094519
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>
<ref name=Cbs2015-05-30>{{cite news
 |url          = http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2015/05/30/mystery-woman-dumps-rare-collectable-apple-computer-worth-200k-at-recycling-center/
 |title        = Mystery Woman Dumps Rare, Collectable Apple Computer Worth $200K At Recycling Center
 |work         = CBS News
 |date         = 2015-05-30
 |location     = Milpitas
 |access-date  = 2015-05-31
 |archive-date = June 2, 2015
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20150602221843/http://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2015/05/30/mystery-woman-dumps-rare-collectable-apple-computer-worth-200k-at-recycling-center/
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>
}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* Price, Rob (1987). ''So Far: The First Ten Years of a Vision''. Cupertino, Calif.: Apple Computer. {{ISBN|1-55693-974-4}}.
* Owad, Tom (2005). ''[http://www.applefritter.com/replica Apple I Replica Creation: Back to the Garage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430051642/http://www.applefritter.com/replica |date=April 30, 2009 }}''. Rockland, Mass.: Syngress Publishing. {{ISBN|1-931836-40-X}}.
{{refend}}

==External links==

* [https://igotoffer.com/apple/apple-1 Apple I Computer specifications]
* [http://bugbookmuseum.blogspot.com/2014/07/vintage-apple-1-computer-display-at.html Bugbook Computer Museum blog. Apple 1 display.]
* [http://www.applefritter.com/apple1 Apple I Owners Club]
* [https://www.applefritter.com/files/a1man.pdf Apple I Operational Manual] ([https://archive.org/details/applei_manual/mode/1up browse])
* [https://www.retroplace.com/de/feature/operation-manuell/161 German making-of article to recreate the Apple I Operational Manual]
* [http://www.sbprojects.com/projects/apple1/ Apple I project on www.sbprojects.com]
* [https://www.Apple1Registry.com Apple 1 Computer Registry]
* [http://lowendmac.com/orchard/05/0509.html Macintosh Prehistory: The Apple I]
* [http://apple1computer.blogspot.com John Calande III blog – Building the Apple I clone, including corrections on the early history of Apple Computer]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20151005035147/http://cameronscloset.com/category/apple-1 Apple 1 | Cameron's Closet] – includes display of the Apple 1's character set on real hardware, compared to on most emulators
*{{cite web |first=Ken |last=Shirriff |title=Inside the Apple-1's unusual MOS clock driver chip |date=March 2022 |url=http://www.righto.com/2022/03/inside-apple-1s-unusual-mos-clock.html}}
{{Woz}}

[[Category:Early microcomputers]]
[[Category:Character sets]]

{{Sourceattribution|Apple I}}