View source for Engineering:BM-27 Uragan

{{Infobox weapon
|name= BM-27 Uragan (9P140)
| image= [[File:9K57 Uragan 2.jpg|300px]]<br>[[File:Ураган-1М - Тренировка курсантов Михайловской военной артиллерийской академии 02.jpg|300px]]
| image_size = 300
|caption= BM-27 Uragan<br>BM-27M Uragan-1M
|origin= [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]]
|type= [[Engineering:Multiple rocket launcher|Multiple rocket launcher]]
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_artillery= yes
|is_vehicle= yes
|is_UK= yes
<!-- Service history -->
|service= 1975 – present
|used_by= See Operators
|wars= War in Donbass,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Salem|first1=Harriet|title='I Couldn’t Move for Five Minutes from Fear': An Investigation Into Cluster Bombs in Eastern Ukraine|url=https://news.vice.com/article/i-couldnt-move-for-five-minutes-from-fear-an-investigation-into-cluster-bombs-in-eastern-ukraine|website=Vice.com|publisher=Vice|accessdate=23 October 2014}}</ref>, Iran-Israel proxy conflict, Syrian Civil War<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/05/10/israel-fires-barrage-missiles-syria-accusing-iranian-forces/</ref>
<!-- Production history -->
|designer= Splav State Research and Production Enterprise
|design_date= 1970s
|manufacturer= Splav State Research and Production Enterprise
|unit_cost=
|production_date= 1975 – present
|number=
|variants= See Variants
<!-- General specifications -->
|spec_label=
|weight= 20 tonnes (44,092 lbs)
|length=
|part_length=
|width=
|height=
|diameter=
|crew= 6
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge=
|caliber= 220 mm (8.66 in)
|barrels= 16
|action=
|rate=
|velocity=
|range= 35 km (22 mi)
|max_range=
|feed=
|sights= PG-1 panoramic telescope
<!-- Artillery specifications -->
|breech=
|recoil=
|carriage=
|elevation=
|traverse=
<!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
|armour=
|primary_armament=
|secondary_armament=
|engine=Two engines, with separate gearboxes and propeller shafts, that are longitudinally mounted, one on each side of vehicle immediately behind cab
|engine_power=
|transmission=
|payload_capacity=
|fuel_capacity=
|pw_ratio=
|suspension= 8×8 wheeled
|clearance=
|vehicle_range= 500 km (311 mi)
|speed=
|guidance=
}}

The '''BM-27 Uragan''' ({{lang-ru|Ураган}}, "hurricane"; GRAU index '''9P140''') is a self-propelled [[Engineering:Multiple rocket launcher|multiple rocket launcher]] system designed in the [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]]. It began its service with the Soviet Army in the late 1970s, and was its first modern spin and fin stabilized heavy multiple rocket launcher.

==Description==
The BM-27 Uragan is capable of launching 220&nbsp;mm [[Engineering:Rocket|rocket]]s from 16 launch tubes mounted on the rear of a ZIL-135 8x8 chassis. This vehicle is extremely similar to that used in the FROG-7 free flight rocket system. It has two gasoline engines that power its 20 tonnes to a maximum speed of 65 kilometers per hour. One engine drives the four wheels on the left of the truck, while the other engine drives the four wheels on the right. The ZIL-135 has eight wheel drive, but only the front and rear axles are used for steering. It has a maximum cruising range of 500 kilometers.

The cab of the ZIL-135 is NBC protected, allowing the rockets to be fired without exposing the crew to possible contaminants.<ref name=RedSteel>''Red Steel: Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of the Cold War'', by Russell Phillips, pub Shilka, 2013, p140.</ref><ref name=WpnSys>[http://weaponsystems.net/weaponsystem/DD05%20-%20BM-27%20Uragan.html WeaponSystems.net], ''BM-27 Uragan''.</ref> The four-man crew can emplace or displace the system in three minutes.

Before firing, stabilizing jacks must be lowered and the blast shield raised to protect the cab and its occupants. Indirect fire aiming is achieved with the use of a PG-1 panoramic telescope. Although there are no [[Physics:Night vision|night vision]] sights, the driver of the launch vehicle is equipped with a [[Physics:Night vision device|night vision device]].

The BM-27 can use HE-FRAG, [[Social:Chemical warfare|chemical]], explosive or scatterable mine (PTM-3 or PFM-1) submunition equipped rockets, all of which are detonated by electric timing fuses. Each rocket weighs 280.4 kilograms. The warheads weigh between 90 and 100 kilograms, depending on type. A full salvo of 16 rockets can be fired in 20 seconds and can engage targets within a range of 35 kilometers.

Because of the size of the warhead, the range of the rocket and the speed that a salvo can be delivered, the BM-27 is very effective at mine laying. Each 220&nbsp;mm rocket can scatter 312 anti-personnel PFM-1 mines. Minefields can be laid behind a retreating enemy or even be used to trap an enemy by encircling them with mines. Tactics such as this were often used by the Soviets in Afghanistan.

Once the rockets have been fired, 9T452 (another ZIL-135 based vehicle) is used to assist in reloading. It carries additional rockets and a crane to transfer the rockets from the reload vehicle to the launcher. The entire reloading procedure takes around 20 minutes.

{|
|[[File:BM-27 Uragan MLRS.jpg|thumb|BM-27 Uragan MLRS as a monument to A.N. Ganichev near Splav State Research and Production Enterprise, Tula city]]
|[[Image:9T452 Uragan.jpg|thumb|right|The 9T452 transporter-loader vehicle at the St Petersburg Artillery Museum]]
|
|}

==Variants==
* '''9P140 Uragan''': Standard variant on ZIL-135 truck.
* '''{{vanchor |Uragan-1M}}''': Variant presented to the public in 2007; all processes are automated. Can also fire the 300&nbsp;mm rockets of the [[Engineering:BM-30 Smerch|BM-30 Smerch]] system.<ref>[http://warfiles.ru/show-94303-bikalibernaya-rszo-uragan-1m-proshla-gosudarstvennye-ispytaniya.html Бикалиберная РСЗО «Ураган-1М» прошла государственные испытания], warfiles.ru, Retrieved: 25 August 2015 (Russian)</ref> Reloading is simplified by substituting barrels; can be fitted with two banks of 6 300&nbsp;mm launch tubes or 15 220&nbsp;mm launch tubes.  Deliveries to the Russian Army started as of September 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2016/0916/160037116/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Серийные поставки реактивных систем залпового огня «Торнадо-С» планируется начать в 2017 году|author=|date=|website=www.armstrade.org|accessdate=13 April 2018}}</ref><ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/september_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/russian_armed_forces_will_receive_new_uragan-1m_multi-caliber_multiple_launch_rocket_system_tass_12209161.html Russian armed forces will receive new Uragan-1M multi-caliber multiple launch rocket system] - Armyrecognition.com, 22 September 2016</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vpk-news.ru/news/35188|title=Новейший реактивный «Ураган-М1» (видео) - Еженедельник «Военно-промышленный курьер»|author=|date=|website=vpk-news.ru|accessdate=13 April 2018}}</ref>
* '''{{vanchor |9A53 Uragan-U}}''': Successor with 2 × 15 launch tubes; presented in 2009 on 8×8 MZKT-7930. Thanks to its modular assembly the [[Engineering:BM-30 Smerch|BM-30 Smerch]] and [[Engineering:BM-21 Grad|BM-21 Grad]] rockets can also be fired.
* '''Bastion-03''': Prototype by Ukrainian company AvtoKrAZ, presented in 2010. Installed on a 6×6 truck type KrAZ-63221RA.<ref>[https://issuu.com/avtokraz/docs/milvehicles/6 KrAZ Military Vehicles], issuu.com, Retrieved: 19 February 2016</ref>

==Operators==
*{{ARM}} - some BM-27 ordered in 2011
*{{AFG}} - 18 (not functional)
*{{BLR}} - 84
*{{GUI}} - 3
*{{GEO}} - Saw limited usage during Abkhazia War, out of service.
*{{KAZ}} - 180
*{{MDA}} - 11
*{{MYA}} - 35
*{{RUS}} - 500–800
*{{SYR}} - 36
*{{TJK}} - 12
*{{TAN}} - 48
*{{TKM}} - 54
*{{UKR}} - 139
*{{UZB}} - 49
*{{YEM}} - 13

== See also ==
* [[Engineering:Katyusha rocket launcher|Katyusha]], BM-13, BM-8, and BM-31 multiple rocket launchers of World War II
* [[Engineering:BM-14|BM-14]] 140&nbsp;mm multiple rocket launcher
* [[Engineering:BM-21 Grad|BM-21 Grad]] 122&nbsp;mm multiple rocket launcher
* [[Engineering:BM-30 Smerch|BM-30 Smerch]] 300&nbsp;mm heavy multiple rocket launcher
* [[Engineering:9A52-4 Tornado|9A52-4 Tornado]] 122&nbsp;mm / 220&nbsp;mm / 300&nbsp;mm universal multiple launch rocket system
* [[Engineering:MAR-290|MAR-290]] heavy multiple rocket launcher

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|first1=Jamie|last1= Prenatt |first2=Adam |last2=Hook|title=Katyusha – Russian Multiple Rocket Launchers 1941–Present|series= New Vanguard 235|publisher=Osprey Publishing Ltd|place= Oxford|year= 2016|ISBN=978-1-4728-1086-1}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060720171427/http://www.splav.org/en/arms/uragan/index.asp Splav State Research and Production Enterprise]
* [http://www.armyrecognition.com/Russe/vehicule_artillerie/BM-27/BM-27_Russie_description.htm Photo gallery at Armyrecognition.com] {{fr icon}}

{{PostWWIISovietAFVS}}

[[Category:Rocket artillery]]
[[Category:Multiple rocket launchers]]

{{Sourceattribution|BM-27 Uragan|1}}