View source for Engineering:Browning Hi-Power

{{Short description|American-Belgian semi-automatic pistol}}
{{Infobox weapon
|name      = Browning Hi-Power
|image     = File:FN Hi Power.jpg
|image_size = 300
|caption   = Fabrique Nationale Browning Hi-Power
|origin    = {{plainlist|
*Belgium
*United States}}
|type      = [[Engineering:Semi-automatic pistol|Semi-automatic pistol]]
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged  = yes
<!-- Service history -->
|service    = 1935–present<ref name="miller2001"/>
|used_by    = See ''Users''
|wars       = {{plainlist|
*[[Social:World War II|World War II]]<ref name="miller2001"/>
*Indonesian National Revolution<ref name="ArmsControl">{{cite book|title=The Control of local conflict: a design study on arms control and limited war in the developing areas|volume=3|last1=Bloomfield|first1= Lincoln P.|last2=Leiss|first2=Amelia Catherine<!--|last3=Legere|first3= Laurence J.|last4= Barringer|first4= Richard E.|last5=Fisher|first5= R. Lucas|last6= Hoagland|first6= John H.|last7=Fraser|first7= Janet|last8=Ramers|first8=Robert K-->|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for International Studies|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA324492.pdf#page=94|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804022404/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA324492.pdf#page=94|url-status=live|archive-date=4 August 2020|date=30 June 1967|hdl=2027/uiug.30112064404368|pages=78, 89}}</ref>
*Chinese Civil War
*Korean War
*Vietnam War
*Rhodesian Bush War
*Falklands War
*The Troubles
*Lebanese Civil War
*Salvadoran Civil War
*Sri Lankan Civil War
*Tuareg rebellion (1990–1995)
*Yugoslav Wars
*Kivu Conflict<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Highlights-EN.pdf|chapter-url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Chapter-07-EN.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020102103/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Chapter-07-EN.pdf |archive-date=2016-10-20 |chapter=Waning Cohesion: The Rise and Fall of the FDLR–FOCA|title=Small Arms Survey 2015: weapons and the world|publisher={{wipe|Cambridge University Press}}|year=2015|author=Small Arms Survey|ref={{harvid|Small Arms Survey 2015}}|page=201|access-date=2018-08-29|url-status=dead}}{{webarchive|format=addlarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128065841/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2015/eng/Small-Arms-Survey-2015-Highlights-EN.pdf |date=2018-01-28|title=&nbsp;Small Arms Survey 2015}}</ref>
*Libyan Crisis
*Syrian Civil War<ref name ="CAR 2014">{{cite book|title=Islamic State Weapons in Iraq and Syria: Analysis of weapons and ammunition captured from Islamic State forces in Iraq and Syria|url=http://conflictarm.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Dispatch_IS_Iraq_Syria_Weapons.pdf|date=September 2014|author=Conflict Armament Research|page=10|ref={{harvid|Conflict Armament Research 2014}}|access-date=2018-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180826202836/http://conflictarm.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Dispatch_IS_Iraq_Syria_Weapons.pdf|archive-date=2018-08-26|url-status=live}}</ref>}}<!-- Production history -->
|designer    = {{plainlist|
*John Browning
*Dieudonné Saive}}
|manufacturer = {{plainlist|
*Fabrique Nationale (FN)
* [[Company:John Inglis and Company|John Inglis & Co.]]
*Browning Arms}}
|design_date = 1914–1935<ref name="miller2001"/>
|unit_cost   =
|production_date= 1935–2018,<ref name="miller2001"/> 2022-<ref name="Highpower">{{Cite web|url=https://fnamerica.com/highpower/|title = Highpower}}</ref>
|number      = 1,500,000+<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fnherstal.com/index.php?id=655 |title=FN Herstal – Major Product Achievements |publisher=FN Herstal |access-date=2010-06-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927060025/http://www.fnherstal.com/index.php?id=655 |archive-date=2011-09-27 }}</ref>
|variants    = See ''Variants''
<!-- General specifications -->
|weight      = 1 kg (2.2 lb)<ref name="miller2001"/>
|length      = 197 mm (7.8 in)<ref name="miller2001"/>
|width       =
|height      =
|part_length = 119 mm (4.7 in)<ref name="miller2001"/>
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|cartridge   =
* [[Engineering:7.65×21mm Parabellum|7.65×21mm Parabellum]]
* [[Engineering:9×19mm Parabellum|9×19mm Parabellum]]<ref name="miller2001"/>
* .40 S&W
|caliber     =
|barrels     =
|action      = [[Engineering:Recoil operation|Short recoil operated tilting barrel]]
|rate        = Semi-automatic
|velocity    = 335&nbsp;[[Metre per second|m/s]] (1,100&nbsp;ft/s) (''9mm'')<ref name="miller2001"/>
|range       = 50 m (54.7 yd)
|max_range   =
|feed        = Detachable box [[Engineering:Magazine (firearms)|magazine]]
* 10, 13, 15 or 17 rounds (''9mm'')
* 20 or 30 rounds made by Rhodesia (''9mm'')<ref name="miller2001"/>
* 10 rounds (''.40 S&W'')
|sights      =
}}

The '''Browning Hi-Power''' is a single-action, [[Engineering:Semi-automatic pistol|semi-automatic pistol]] available in the [[Engineering:9×19mm Parabellum|9×19mm Parabellum]] and .40 S&W calibers. It was based on a design by American firearms inventor John Browning, and completed by Dieudonné Saive at FN Herstal. Browning died in 1926, several years before the design was finalized. FN Herstal named it the "High Power" in allusion to the 13-round magazine capacity, almost twice that of other designs at the time, such as the [[Engineering:Luger pistol|Luger]] or [[Engineering:M1911 pistol|Colt M1911]].

During [[Social:World War II|World War II]], Belgium was occupied by [[Place:Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany]] and the FN factory was used by the Wehrmacht to build the pistols for their military, under the designation "9mm Pistole 640(b)".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.warhistoryonline.com/instant-articles/the-browning-high-power.html|title=Shot by both sides – The Browning High Power in WW2|first=Steve|last=MacGregor|date=7 December 2018}}</ref> FN Herstal continued to build guns for the Allied forces by moving their production line to a [[Company:John Inglis and Company|John Inglis and Company]] plant in Canada, where the name was changed to "Hi Power". The name change was kept even after production returned to Belgium. The pistol is often referred to as an '''HP''' or '''BHP''',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.browning.com/products/catalog/firearms/detail.asp?value=007B&cat_id=051&type_id=003 |title=Browning Catalog |publisher=Browning.com |access-date=2012-11-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121210162010/http://www.browning.com/products/catalog/firearms/detail.asp?value=007B&cat_id=051&type_id=003 |archive-date=2012-12-10 }}</ref> and the terms '''P-35''' and '''HP-35''' are also used, based on the introduction of the pistol in 1935. Other names include '''GP''' (for the French term, "Grande Puissance") or '''BAP''' (Browning Automatic Pistol). The Hi-Power is one of the most widely used military pistols in history,<ref name="arnolddw">{{cite web |url=http://www.handgunsmag.com/2010/09/24/featured_handguns_browning_hi_power/ |title=Classic Handguns of the 20th Century: The Browning HI-Power |author=Arnold, David W. |publisher=Handguns Magazine |date=2010-09-24 |access-date=2010-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229173704/http://www.handgunsmag.com/2010/09/24/featured_handguns_browning_hi_power/ |archive-date=2012-02-29 |url-status=live }}</ref> having been used by the armed forces of over 50 countries.<ref name="miller2001">Miller, David (2001). ''The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns''. Salamander Books Ltd. {{ISBN|1-84065-245-4}}.</ref> Although most pistols were built in Belgium by FN Herstal, licensed and unlicensed copies were built around the world, in countries such as Argentina, Hungary, India, Bulgaria, and Israel.

After 82 years of continuous production, FN Herstal announced that the production of the Hi-Power would end, and it was discontinued in early 2018 by Browning Arms.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2018/02/06/browning-ends-hi-power-production-1936-2017/ |title=Browning Ends Hi-Power Production - |date=6 February 2018 |access-date=2019-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130220423/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2018/02/06/browning-ends-hi-power-production-1936-2017/ |archive-date=2019-01-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2019 to 2022, with new Belgian Hi-Powers no longer being built, new clones were designed by various firearm companies to fill the void, including GİRSAN, TİSAŞ, and Springfield Armory, Inc. These new Hi-Power clones began competing with each other by offering new finishes, enhanced sights, redesigned hammers, beveled magazine wells, improved trigger, and increased magazine capacity.<ref name="Tisas BR9 Vs. Browning's Hi-Power">{{Cite web|url=https://www.usconcealedcarry.com/blog/tisas-br9-vs-brownings-hi-power/|title=Tisas BR9 Vs. Browning's Hi-Power|access-date=28 July 2021|archive-date=28 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728111807/https://www.usconcealedcarry.com/blog/tisas-br9-vs-brownings-hi-power/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="SA-35 Handguns">{{cite web | url=https://www.outdoorlife.com/guns/springfield-armory-sa-35-review/ | title=Springfield Armory SA-35 Review | date=27 December 2021 }}</ref>

In 2022, FN announced they would resume production of the Browning Hi-Power. The 2022 "FN High Power" incorporated a number of entirely new features such as a fully ambidextrous slide lock, simplified takedown method, enlarged ejection port, reversible magazine release, wider slide serrations, different colored finish offerings, and 17-round magazines. In contrast to popular belief, the new FN High Power might resemble a modern Hi-Power, but it is, in fact, a different design. One of the noticeable details is the lack of Browning-style locking lugs.<ref name="Highpower"/>

==History==
===Development===
The Browning Hi-Power was designed in response to a French military requirement for a new service pistol, the "Grand Rendement" (French for "high efficiency"), or alternatively ''Grande Puissance'' (literally "high power"). The French military required that:

* The gun must be compact.
* The magazine have a capacity of at least 10 rounds.
* The gun have a magazine disconnect device, an external hammer, and a positive{{clarify|date=December 2016}} [[Engineering:Safety (firearms)|safety]].
* The gun be robust and simple to disassemble and reassemble.
* The gun be capable of killing a man at 50 metres.
 
This last criterion was seen to demand a [[Engineering:Caliber|caliber]] of 9&nbsp;mm or larger, a bullet mass of around 8&nbsp;grams (123.5&nbsp;grains), and a muzzle velocity of 350&nbsp;m/s (1148&nbsp;ft/s). It was to accomplish all of this at a weight not exceeding 1&nbsp;kg (2.2&nbsp;lb).

FN commissioned John Browning to design a new military sidearm conforming to this specification. Browning had previously sold the rights to his successful [[Engineering:M1911 pistol|M1911 U.S. Army automatic pistol]] to Colt's Patent Firearms, and was therefore forced to design an entirely new pistol while working around the M1911 patents. Browning built two different prototypes for the project in Utah and filed the patent for this pistol in the United States on 28 June 1923, granted on 22 February 1927.<ref>Gangarosa, Gene Jr. (1999). ''FN...Browning: Armorer to the World''. Stoeger Publishing, New Jersey. pp. 63–65.</ref><ref>{{US Patent|1618510}}</ref> One was a simple blowback design, while the other was operated with a [[Engineering:Semi-automatic pistol#Actions: blowback versus locked breech|locked-breech]] recoil system. Both prototypes utilised the new staggered magazine design (by designer Dieudonné Saive) to increase capacity without unduly increasing the pistol's grip size or magazine length.

The locked breech design was selected for further development and testing. This model was [[Engineering:Firing pin#striker|striker-fired]], and featured a double-stack magazine that held 16 rounds. The design was refined through several trials held by the Versailles Trial Commission.

In 1928, when the patents for the Colt Model 1911 had expired, Dieudonné Saive integrated many of the Colt's previously patented features into the Saive-Browning Model of that same year. This version featured the removable barrel bushing and take down sequence of the Colt 1911.

In 1929, as an effort to find an alternative solution to the long-ongoing French trials, and with a pistol that they considered by then to be good enough to stand on its own to find other potential clients, FN decided to announce the "Grand Rendement", incorporating a shortened 13-round magazine, for sale in their commercial catalogue. They hoped to find a military contract which would in turn help them finance a production line, essentially through the same process as their previous FN M1900 pistol.

By 1931, the Browning Hi-Power design incorporated the same 13-round magazine, a curved rear grip strap, and a barrel bushing that was integral to the slide assembly. The Belgian Army showed a definite interest and bought 1,000 pistols based on this prototype for field trials.

By 1934, the Hi-Power design was complete and ready to be produced. Ultimately, France decided not to adopt the pistol, instead selecting the conceptually similar but lower-capacity Modèle 1935 pistol. However, it was good enough to stand on its own as a service pistol for the Belgian Army and other clients. These would become the Grande Puissance, known as the High Power, in Belgium for military service in 1935 as the Browning P-35.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.forgottenweapons.com/before-the-high-power-was-the-fn-grand-rendement/ | title=Before the High Power was the FN Grand Rendement | date=8 August 2022 }}</ref>

===Military service and widespread use===
Browning Hi-Power pistols were used during World War II by both Allied and Axis forces. After occupying Belgium in 1940, German forces took over the FN plant. German troops subsequently used the Hi-Power, having assigned it the designation ''Pistole'' 640(b) ("b" for ''belgisch'', "Belgian").<ref name="arnolddw"/> Examples produced by FN in Belgium under German occupation bear German inspection and acceptance marks, or ''Waffenamts'', such as ''WaA613''. In German service, it was used mainly by Waffen-SS and Fallschirmjäger personnel.

[[File:FNBrowningHP32ndRB.jpg|thumb|right|A Browning Hi-Power decorated using the technique of [[Engineering:Damascening|damascening]]. Of the few created, one of these models was once in the personal possession of Muammar Gaddafi. The design references the Khamis Brigade.]]
High-Power pistols were also produced in Canada for Allied use, by [[Company:John Inglis and Company|John Inglis and Company]] in Toronto. The plans were sent from the FN factory to the UK when it became clear the Belgian plant would fall into German hands, enabling the Inglis factory to be tooled up for Hi-Power production for Allied use. Inglis produced two versions of the Hi-Power, one with an adjustable rear sight and detachable shoulder stock (primarily for a Nationalist Chinese contract) and one with a fixed rear sight. Production began in late 1944 and they were on issue by the March 1945 Operation Varsity airborne crossing of the Rhine into Germany. The pistol was popular with the British airborne forces as well as covert operations and commando groups such as the Special Operations Executive (SOE), the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS), and the British Special Air Service (SAS) Regiment. Inglis High-Powers made for [[Organization:Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] forces have the British designation 'Mk 1' or 'Mk 1*' and the manufacturer's details on the left of the slide. They were known in British and Commonwealth service as the 'Pistol No 2 Mk 1', or 'Pistol No 2 Mk 1*' where applicable. Serial numbers were 6 characters, the second being the letter 'T', e.g. 1T2345. Serial numbers on pistols for the Chinese contract instead used the letters 'CH', but otherwise followed the same format. When the Chinese contract was cancelled, all undelivered Chinese-style pistols were accepted by the Canadian military with designations of 'Pistol No 1 Mk 1' and 'Pistol No 1 Mk 1*'.<ref name="inglis">{{cite book |title=Inglis Diamond - The Canadian High Power Pistol |last=Law |first=Clive M. |year=2001 |publisher=Collector Grade Publications |isbn=978-0889352650 }}<!--|access-date=August 6, 2012--></ref>

In the postwar period, Hi-Power production continued at the FN factory and as part of FN's product range, which included the FN FAL rifle and [[Engineering:FN MAG|FN MAG]] general-purpose machine gun. It has been adopted as the standard service pistol by over 50 armies in 93 countries. At one time most NATO nations used it, and it was standard issue to forces throughout the British Commonwealth. It was manufactured under licence, or in some cases cloned, on several continents. Former Iraqi ruler Saddam Hussein often carried a Browning Hi-Power. Former Libyan ruler [[Biography:Muammar Gaddafi|Muammar Gaddafi]] carried a gold-plated Hi-Power with his own face design on the left side of the grip which was waved around in the air by Libyan rebels after his death.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2011/10/20/confirmed-gaddafi-dead-new-york-yankees-baseball-fan-captured-tyrant-115875-23503068/ |title=Confirmed Gaddafi dead: New York Yankees baseball fan 'captured' tyrant - Mirror Online |publisher=Mirror.co.uk |date=2011-10-20 |access-date=2012-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121081052/http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/top-stories/2011/10/20/confirmed-gaddafi-dead-new-york-yankees-baseball-fan-captured-tyrant-115875-23503068/ |archive-date=2012-01-21 |url-status=live }}</ref> A Hi-Power was used by Mehmet Ali Agca during the assassination attempt of [[Biography:Pope John Paul II|Pope John Paul II]] in 1981.

===Decline and resurgence===
While the Hi-Power remains an excellent and iconic design, since the early 1990s it has been eclipsed somewhat by more modern designs which are often double-action with aluminum alloy frames and are manufactured using more modern methods. However, even to this day, the Hi-Power remains in service throughout the world. As of 2017, the MK1 version remained the standard service pistol of the Canadian Armed Forces, with the [[Engineering:SIG Sauer P226|SIG Sauer P226]] being issued to specialised units along with the [[Engineering:SIG Sauer P220#P225.2FP6|SIG Sauer P225]]. The weapon is the standard sidearm of the Belgian Army, Indian Army, Indonesian Armed Forces, Australian Defence Force, Argentine Army, Luxembourg Armed Forces, Israel Police, and Venezuelan Army, among others. The Irish Army replaced its Browning Pistols (known popularly as BAPs, or Browning Automatic Pistols) with the Heckler & Koch USP in 2007. From 2013 the British Army is replacing the Browning with the [[Chemistry:Polymer|polymer]]-framed [[Engineering:Glock 17|Glock 17 Gen 4]] pistol, due to concerns about weight and the external safety of the pistol.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/01/11/browning_9mm_finally_replaced/ |title=British armed forces get first new pistol since World War II |work=The Register |date=2013-01-11 |access-date=2013-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117080615/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/01/11/browning_9mm_finally_replaced/ |archive-date=2013-01-17 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2018, FN announced they would end production of the Mark III Hi-Power, which was expensive to produce and had been assembled in Portugal to cut costs. Early in that year, Browning officially ceased production of the Belgian Hi-Power for the first time since 1935. An unlicensed clone called the "Regent BR9" was produced in Turkey by TİSAŞ in 2019 and had gained some popularity now that authentic Hi-Powers were no longer being made and surplus Hi-Powers from other countries like Hungary and Argentina had dried up. The Regent BR9 design was more of a copy of the Mark I design, but did offer some modern design features, like a cerakote or stainless steel finish and Novak-style sights.<ref name="Tisas BR9 Vs. Browning's Hi-Power"/> In 2021, another Turkish company called GİRSAN began producing their own Hi-Power clone called the MCP35, imported by EAA. In 2021, American firearms company Springfield Armory announced their own Hi-Power clone, the SA-35.<ref name="SA-35 Handguns"/> GİRSAN and Springfield Armory's clones began competing with each other by offering new design improvements that would help them compete in the oversaturated defensive handgun market. GİRSAN's MCP35 attempted to replicate the Mark III design as closely as possible, including the Belgian style ambidextrous thumb safety, Mark III style sights with a windage drift adjustable rear sight and dovetailed front sight and Mark III style black polymer grips. The MCP35 also retained the Belgian magazine disconnect safety. However, the MCP35 incorporated the original ring hammer design instead of the claw hammer design of the Mark III, and also incorporated some design elements to appeal to the modern shooter, such as a 15-round Mec-Gar magazine and cerakote finish.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eaacorp.com/product/girsan-mc-p35/|title=Girsan MCP35}}</ref>

The steady competition between the MCP35 and the SA-35 to make the original Hi-Power relevant in the current market stirred up a great interest among both Hi-Power fans and new shooters. On 18 January 2022, after a four year hiatus, FN announced they would resume production of the Browning Hi-Power, albeit with a number of upgraded features.<ref name="Highpower"/> FN named the 2022 redesign the "FN High Power" and incorporated a number of features to help it compete with the improved Hi-Power clones being made by GİRSAN and Springfield Armory. FN incorporated a number of changes that would make the classic Hi-Power design more modern and ergonomic. The most significant changes included opening up the top of the slide to increase the size of the ejection port to ensure reliable feeding and ejection, incorporating an ambidextrous slide lock and reversible magazine release, a completely different takedown that is faster and simpler, and redesigning the barrel and recoil spring. Other changes FN made include removing the magazine disconnect safety, adding an extended beavertail and redesigned hammer to eliminate the issue of hammer bite, several sets of redesigned grips, new sights compatible with the FN 509 dovetail pattern, wider slide serrations, different colored [[Physics:Physical vapor deposition|PVD]] or stainless steel finish offerings and 17 round magazines. The new FN High Powers will be made at FN's Columbia, South Carolina factory in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2022/01/18/fn-hi-power-reborn/|title=&#91;SHOT 2022&#93; the FN Hi-Power is Reborn -|date=18 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.americanrifleman.org/content/new-for-2022-fn-high-power/|title = An Official Journal of the NRA &#124; New for 2022: FN High Power}}</ref><ref name="Highpower"/> At SHOT show 2022, GİRSAN announced new color offerings for the MCP35, including two-tone and gold, as well as the MCP35 "Match", which incorporated a number of designs intended to cater to target shooters, such as an integrated 1913 picatinny rail for accessories, ergonomic grips, a shorter hammer throw, beveled and flared magwell, a flat target trigger and raised target sights with a fiber optic front sight.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2022/01/19/shot-2022-2022-year-hi-power-girsan-mcp35-new-pistols-eaa/|title=&#91;SHOT 2022&#93; is 2022 the Year of the Hi-Power? Girsan MCP35 and Other new Pistols from EAA -|date=19 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2022/01/19/shot-2022-eaa-girsan-mc-p35-year-hi-power/|title = &#91;SHOT 2022&#93; the Modern Hi-Power, the EAA/Girsan MC P35 Match -|date = 19 January 2022}}</ref>

==Design==
[[File:FN Browning HP Marinir.jpg|right|thumb|A FN Browning High Power, belonging to the Indonesian Marine Corps]]
The Browning Hi-Power has undergone continuous refinement by FN since its introduction. The pistols were originally made in two models: an "Ordinary Model" with fixed sights and an "Adjustable Rear Sight Model" with a tangent-type rear sight and a slotted grip for attaching a wooden shoulder stock. The adjustable sights are still available on commercial versions of the Hi-Power, although the shoulder stock mounts were discontinued during World War II. In 1962, the design was modified to replace the internal [[Engineering:Extractor (firearms)|extractor]] with an external extractor, improving reliability.

Standard Hi-Powers are based on a [[Engineering:Trigger (firearms)#Single-action|single-action]] design. Unlike modern double-action semi-automatic pistols, the Hi-Power's trigger is not connected to the hammer. If a double-action pistol is carried with the hammer down with a round in the chamber and a loaded magazine installed, the shooter may fire the pistol either by simply squeezing the trigger or by pulling the hammer back to the cocked position and then squeezing the trigger. In contrast, a single-action pistol can only be fired with the hammer in the cocked position; this is generally done when a loaded magazine is inserted and the slide cycled by hand. In common with the [[Engineering:M1911 pistol|M1911]], the Hi-Power is therefore typically carried with the hammer cocked, a round in the chamber, and the safety catch on (a carry mode often called ''cocked and locked'' in the United States or "made ready" in the UK, or sometimes called ''condition one'').

The Hi-Power, like many other Browning designs, operates on the [[Engineering:Recoil operation|short-recoil]] principle, where the barrel and slide initially recoil together until the barrel is unlocked from the slide by a cam arrangement. Unlike Browning's earlier Colt M1911 pistol, the barrel is not moved vertically by a toggling link, but instead by a hardened bar which crosses the frame under the barrel and contacts a slot under the chamber at the rearmost part of the barrel. The barrel and slide recoil together for a short distance, but as the slot engages the bar, the chamber and the rear of the barrel are drawn downward and stopped. The downward movement of the barrel disengages it from the slide, which continues rearward, extracting the spent case from the chamber and ejecting it while also re-cocking the hammer. After the slide reaches the limit of its travel, the recoil spring brings it forward again, stripping a new round from the magazine and pushing it into the chamber. This also pushes the chamber and barrel forward. The cam slot and bar move the chamber upward and the locking lugs on the barrel re-engage those in the slide.

===Design flaws===
The pistol has a tendency to "bite" the web of the shooter's hand, between the thumb and forefinger. This bite is caused by pressure from the hammer spur, or alternatively by pinching between the hammer shank and grip tang. This problem can be fixed by altering or replacing the hammer, or by learning to hold the pistol to avoid injury. While a common complaint with the commercial models with spur hammers similar to that of the Colt "Government Model" automatic, it is seldom a problem with the military models, which have a smaller, rounded "burr" hammer, more like that of the Colt "Commander" compact version of the 1911. Another flaw is that the original small safety is very hard to release and re-engage. This is because when cocked, the shaft the safety turns on is under hammer spring pressure. Later versions went to a larger safety to address this issue.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.shootingillustrated.com/articles/2013/3/20/whats-wrong-with-the-hi-power/|title=What's Wrong With the Hi Power?|magazine=Shooting Illustrated|date=March 20, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cylinder-slide.com/bhptoday.shtml|title=The Browning HI-POWER Today|magazine=Guns magazine|date=February 2004}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2017/10/24/a-look-back-at-the-browning-high-power-pistol/|title=A Look Back at the Browning High Power Pistol|publisher=www.americanrifleman.org|date=October 24, 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Swedish Volunteer Corps weapons.JPG|thumb|Hi-Power artillery version with its adjustable tangent rear-sight and shoulder-stock in the upper right-hand corner]]

==Variants==<!--This section is linked from Equipment of the Finnish Army-->
Genuine Browning Hi-Power P-35s were manufactured until 2017 by FN Herstal of Belgium and Portugal and under licence by Fabricaciones Militares (FM) of Argentina. The Hi-Power remains one of the most influential pistols in the history of small arms. It has inspired a number of clone manufacturers (including Charles Daly of the Philippines & the US, FEG of Hungary, Arcus of Bulgaria, IMI of Israel, and others). Many modern pistols borrow features from it, such as the staggered column high-capacity magazine and the Browning linkless cam locking system (which on modern pistols is often simplified so that the barrel locks into the ejection port, meaning the barrel and slide do not have to be machined for locking lugs). Until recently, FEG made an almost exact clone in 9mm and .40 S&W, but the company now manufactures a version with modifications to the barrel, linkage, and slide stop that are incompatible with genuine Hi-Powers. Arcus has also superseded its Arcus 94 Hi-Power clone with the Arcus 98DA, a model that draws heavily from the Hi-Power but is capable of double-action operation.

* The original '''P35''', as noted earlier, featured an internal extractor. During World War II, it was manufactured by Inglis of Canada for Allied use, and by FN in occupied Belgium for German use. The P35s made under Nazi occupation were designated as the Pistole 640b. Most Canadian P35s were manufactured with a parkerized finish, while most P35s manufactured in occupied Belgium had a blued finish. In 1962 the internal extractor was replaced with a more durable and reliable external extractor alongside other modifications, including a 2-piece barrel and modifications to the locking system for improved durability. Later barrels and frames are not interchangeable with earlier ones.
* The '''L9A1''' was the British designation for the military version of the post-1962 Hi-Power, and is marked 'Pistol Automatic L9A1' on the left side of the slide. It started to replace Inglis variants in British service from the late 1960s, and the two types remained in service together until the Inglis variants were finally retired in the late 1980s. The L9A1 was upgraded with the more ergonomic Mk2 ambidextrous safety and grips. The L9A1 was also widely used by other Commonwealth armed forces. The Hi-Power was the pistol issued to the British Special Air Service throughout the [[History:Cold War|Cold War]] era. It was phased out in 2013 and replaced with the [[Engineering:Glock|Glock 17]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20978842 |title=Glock 17 9mm pistols replace Browning for UK forces |work=BBC News |date=2013-01-11 |access-date=2013-01-11 |last1=Wyatt |first1=Caroline |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111084435/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20978842 |archive-date=2013-01-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The '''Mark I''' is among the best-known models of the P35 developed over the last 50 years. P35s were first imported into the US in 1954 – the US civilian market P35s had the 'Browning Arms Company' stamp on the left side of the slide (to meet the import requirement for US sales under ATF Section 478.112). These P35s lack the provision of the lanyard ring – the left side pistol grip for a Mark I is fully covered unlike those produced for military and law enforcement use. A wide variety of options and features are available on the P35 models. Recently, Hi-Power pistols have become available in the .40 S&W and .357 SIG loadings. The use of these calibres in guns designed and built for [[Engineering:9×19mm Parabellum|9×19mm Parabellum]] has created cases of broken or warped frames. Only Hi-Powers specifically built for these rounds should be used to fire them. The pistols manufactured for these two rounds are easily identified by examining the left side of the slide – a groove is machined into the side of the heavier slide to allow clearance for the slide release. Genuine FN-produced P35s (either FN (Europe/international) or Browning (USA) for the civilian market will have a 245-prefix serial number. Some Hi-Power variants (Type 65, Type 73) incorporate production changes e.g. spur hammers (commonly seen for 1971–present civilian market P35s) and/or 2-piece barrels (1965–present). The 'Type 73' variant (with an elongated barrel bushing) of the Mark I was produced into the late 1980s (to 1987) by FM Argentina when Mark II production commenced in the early-mid-1980s (Belgium).
* The '''Pistol, Browning FN 9mm, HP No. 2 MK.1/1 Canadian Lightweight Pattern''' was a series of experimental aluminum/aluminum alloy framed Browning Hi-Power pistols by the Canadian [[Company:John Inglis and Company|Inglis Company]] that reduced the weight by as much as 25% (8.5 oz lighter to 25.5 oz).<ref>{{cite web |last1=F |first1=Nathaniel |title=The Hi Power of the Future (in 1948): Canada's Lightweight Aluminum-Framed Browning - |url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/12/19/hi-power-future-1948-canadas-lightweight-aluminum-framed-browning/ |website=The Firearm Blog |access-date=17 December 2018 |date=19 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217062739/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/12/19/hi-power-future-1948-canadas-lightweight-aluminum-framed-browning/ |archive-date=17 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> Two scalloped cuts were made on both sides of the steel slide as well as in front of the rear sight. The reception to this was positive and so six prototype frames were machined from solid aluminum and two were sent to each of the Canadian, American, and British governments for testing. The Canadian and British governments concluded that sand and dirt caught between the steel slide and aluminum frame substantially increased wear. The steel locking block also wore the holes in its aluminum frame. After testing, Inglis cast 29 frames, assembled 21 pistols, and tested them, which were met with various problems. The lightweight program was ended in Canada in 1951. In 1952, a US Major General Kessels requested one and took it with him in the Korean War.<ref name="FW">Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/HNBNKqz9bko Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20170503192646/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNBNKqz9bko&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |last1=McCollum |first1=Ian |title=Experimental Lightweight Browning High Power |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNBNKqz9bko |website=Youtube |publisher=Forgotten Weapons |access-date=17 December 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* The '''Mark I Lightweight''' is a very rare variant of the Mark I made with a lightweight alloy frame originally intended for paratroop use. According to Massad Ayoob, these were introduced commercially in the 1950s but never caught on. The Lightweights are marked only with Fabrique Nationale's rollmarks, not Browning's.
* '''Mark II''' is an upgraded model of the original Hi-Power introduced in the early '80s. Some of the upgrades were ambidextrous thumb safeties, nylon grips, 3-dot sights, and a throated barrel.
[[File:Hi-Power Practical.JPG|thumb|right|Browning Hi-Power Practical .40 S&W]]
[[File:Browning Hi Power SFS Crimson Trace.jpg|thumb|Browning Hi-Power SFS with Crimson Trace laser sight]]
* '''Mark III''' was another advancement over the Mark II released in 1988, which featured a firing pin safety and a black epoxy finish. The main distinguishing (visual) feature of the Mark III is the absence of the water drain hole below the muzzle on the forward face of the slide.
** '''Standard''' is the name given to the Mark III variant with walnut grips, gloss finish, and choice of sights. A Standard is a Mark III model, but a Mark III is not necessarily a Standard.
** The '''Silver Chrome''' featured a silver-chrome frame and slide, and Pachmayr rubber grips. The magazines for the silver chrome BHP had a dull finish and a black rubber Pachmayr basepad.
** The '''Capitan''' is a Mark III variant that features adjustable tangent rear sights, a "ring hammer" like the early model HP35, checkered walnut grips, and a blued finish. It was reintroduced in 1993.<ref>Michalowski, Kevin (ed.) ''The Gun Digest Book of Guns for Personal Defense: Arms & Accessories for Self-Defense'' ''Handguns - Browning'', pg. 48. KP Books: Iola, Wisconsin (2004)</ref>
** The '''Practical''' is a Mark III variant featuring a slide finished in black polymer with a contrasting silver-chrome frame. In addition, this model has wraparound Pachmayr rubber grips and a "ring hammer". The Practical has fixed or adjustable sights, and is available in either 9&nbsp;mm or .40 S&W. Magazines for all Practical models sport Pachmayr base pads; magazines feature a cartridge capacity of 13 rounds in 9&nbsp;mm and a cartridge capacity of 10 rounds in .40 S&W.<ref name="myaflb1">{{cite web|url=http://www.myaflb.com.ar/ |title=Fabrica Militar Fray Luis Beltrán (FMFLB) |publisher=Myaflb.com.ar |access-date=2008-09-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907224941/http://www.myaflb.com.ar/ |archive-date=2008-09-07 }}</ref>
** The '''HP-SFS''' (Safe-Fast-Shooting) is the latest Hi-Power Mark III variant with a modified firing mechanism. After the weapon is loaded, the hammer is pushed forward, which automatically activates the safety catch. When the shooter is prepared to fire, the safety is pressed down with the thumb, releasing the hammer to spring backwards into the usual, single-action position. A similar system is available for modifying Colt M1911A1s. Magazines are interchangeable with the Mark III and others.
* The '''BDA and BDAO''' models were first produced in the 1980s by FN. The BDA model is double-action, and the BDAO model is "double-action only", both versions differing from the usual single-action operation of the P35. These designs have also been marketed as the '''FN HP-DA''' and '''Browning BDA'''. The DA and DAO models retain many features of the P35, and both are available in full-sized and compact versions. The performance of these models is consistent with FN's high standards. These models resemble the P35, but the most distinguishing feature is the extended SIG Sauer-style trigger guard. Many parts are interchangeable with the P35, but the magazines (although similar) are not. The compact versions also utilise shorter magazines.<ref name="myaflb1"/>
* The '''Browning BDM''' Model is sometimes erroneously attributed as a special model of the Hi-Power family of pistols. This is a unique pistol design only bearing an external similarity to the Hi-Power. The BDM was produced during the 1990s in North America by Browning Arms Company, and not by FN. The Browning BDM (Browning Double Mode) pistol incorporates many features of the BDA model. It can be switched from double-action/single-action mode to "revolver" mode (Double-Action Only) by the flip of a slide-mounted switch (this requires the use of a flathead screwdriver or a coin, as the switch doesn't have a tang).
* Both the DA/DAO models and the BDM model borrow features from the '''SIG P220''' pistols marketed under the name Browning Double Action (BDA) in the 1970s. The Beretta Cheetah has also been marketed by Browning under the name BDA 380.{{Citation needed|date=May 2008}}
* '''Pistol Auto 9mm 1A''' is manufactured in India by the Ordnance Factories Board at Rifle Factory Ishapore.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ofb.gov.in/product/products/product-details/pistol-auto-9-mm-1a-with-ces-items |title=PISTOL AUTO 9 MM 1A WITH CES ITEMS &#124; Ordnance Factory Board &#124; Government of India |access-date=28 July 2021 |archive-date=23 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723212351/https://ofb.gov.in/product/products/product-details/pistol-auto-9-mm-1a-with-ces-items |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is a licensed copy of the Canadian Inglis 9mm pistol with a matte black finish and black plastic grips.
[[File:Pistol Auto 9 mm 1A - Kolkata 2012-01-23 8779.JPG|thumbnail|Pistol Auto 9mm 1A manufactured in RFI, India]]
* The '''Detective''' is a short-slide HP produced by FM. The Detective slide group was also available without the frame, and is interchangeable with other FM and FN Hi-Power P35s. The pistol and slide group have not been available for North American sales since the late 2000s, but can be found in resale outlets.
* The '''Rosario''', '''FM90''', and '''FM95''' models are manufactured by FM. The Rosario is an almost exact copy of the Mark II intended for Argentine and Latin American sales. The FM90 was an export model based on the Mark II, but with a "Colt style" slide without the characteristic bevelled front end, first made in 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.firearmstalk.com/The-FM-Argentine-Hi-Power.html |title=The FM Argentine Hi Power |access-date=2017-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628124602/http://www.firearmstalk.com/The-FM-Argentine-Hi-Power.html |archive-date=2017-06-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rubberized pistol grips (similar to the Pachmayr grips used for P35s) with finger grooves were used in place of the traditional slab side wood grips. The FM95 was the current export model (until 2002) based on the Mark III, also with the "Colt style" slide. The last models, until 2010, are the M02 AR (modernised version of the M95, with a new single-action system by Fabrique nationale) and the M03 AR (not dated 2003, as it would seem, actually a .40 S&W version of M02 AR) with their Detective versions.<ref name="myaflb1"/>
* Fabricaciones Militares of Argentina has also developed a double-action pistol, not using the HP DA system.
* The '''Arcus 94''' is a single-action semi-automatic pistol manufactured by Arcus of Bulgaria as an unlicensed clone. There is a compact version, the Arcus 94C. It has been succeeded in production by the double-action Arcus 98DA.
*On 25 October 2021, Springfield Armory launched a reproduction of the Hi-Power called the '''SA-35'''.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thearmorylife.com/sa-35-review-dissecting-springfields-new-pistol/ | title=SA-35 Review: Dissecting Springfield's New Pistol | date=24 February 2022 }}</ref> It has the features of the original Hi-Power, but has a capacity of 15 rounds while the pistol can handle +P 9&nbsp;mm Luger loads.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.americanrifleman.org/content/springfield-armory-sa-35-high-power-classic-modern-american/ | title=An Official Journal of the NRA &#124; Springfield Armory SA-35 High Power: Classic, Modern, American }}</ref>
*On 18 January 2022, FN America re-introduced a new model of Hi-Power called the '''FN High Power'''. The new pistol features a 17+1 magazine capacity and various ergonomic changes to improve user handling.<ref name="Highpower"/>

==Users==
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

[[File:High power Inglis (6971784217).jpg|thumb|Canadian Inglis-made Pistol No 2 Mk 1* Browning Hi-Power]]
[[File:BrowningRosarina.JPG|thumb|A worn Browning Hi-Power, made in Argentina in the mid-1970s]]
[[File:Canadian Forces Browning Hi-Power.jpg|thumb|Canadian soldiers inspect a Hi-Power pistol during a training exercise in April 2009.]]

[[File:Uruguayan Marine.JPG|thumb|right|A Uruguayan marine armed with a Canadian made Hi-Power during a training exercise in April 2009]]
[[File:Flickr - ~Steve Z~ - 1971 Browning Hi Power 10.jpg|thumb|A 1971 Browning Hi-Power 10]]
* {{flag|Argentina}}: Made under license and used by the military and police. The army use the M95 and M02AR.<ref name="arnolddw"/><ref name="valpolini2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.armadainternational.com/09-6/article-full_09_6_Combat_Pistols.pdf |title=There are Two Types of Men in this World... |author=Valpolini, Paolo |date=June 2009 |publisher=Armada International (Online) |access-date=2010-02-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313041809/http://armadainternational.com/09-6/article-full_09_6_combat_pistols.pdf |archive-date=March 13, 2016 }}</ref><ref name="jones2009">Jones, Richard D. ''Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010''. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). {{ISBN|978-0-7106-2869-5}}.</ref>
* {{flag|Australia}}: Mark III currently the general-issue pistol for the Australian Defence Force,<ref name="valpolini2009"/><ref name="jones2009"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.army.gov.au/Our-work/Equipment-and-clothing/Small-Arms/SLP |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227120754/http://www.army.gov.au/Our-work/Equipment-and-clothing/Small-Arms/SLP |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-02-27 |title=Self-Loading Pistol 9 millimetre Mark 3 |website=Australian Army}}</ref> to be replaced with the [[Engineering:SIG Sauer P320|SIG Sauer P320]].<ref>{{cite press release |title=ADF signs up for next generation of weapons |url=https://news.defence.gov.au/media/media-releases/adf-signs-next-generation-weapons |website=Defence News |publisher=Department of Defence |access-date=5 October 2022 |date=30 September 2022}}</ref>
* {{flag|Austria}}
* {{flag|Bahrain}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Bangladesh}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Barbados}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Adopted by the Belgian Army in 1935.<ref name="valpolini2009"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mil.be/armycomp/subject/index.asp?LAN=nl&FILE=&ID=1680&MENU=2182&PAGE=1 |title=Landcomponent Onderwerp Bewapening GP 9 mm |publisher=Mil.be |access-date=2012-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120307124645/http://www.mil.be/armycomp/subject/index.asp?LAN=nl&FILE=&ID=1680&MENU=2182&PAGE=1 |archive-date=2012-03-07 |url-status=live }}</ref> Belgian Army now uses the FN Five-seveN.
* {{flag|Belize}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Bermuda}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Bolivia}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Botswana}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Brunei}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Burundi}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Cambodia}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Canada}}: Canadian Forces use pistols made by the John Inglis Co. of Ontario, Canada as their primary service pistol.<ref name="arnolddw"/><ref name="valpolini2009"/><ref name="jones2009"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/land-terre/equipment-equipement/item-eng.asp?product=97 |access-date=2009-06-27 |publisher=Canadian Forces |title=Browning 9mm Pistol |date=2009-05-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802012845/http://www.army.forces.gc.ca/land-terre/equipment-equipement/item-eng.asp?product=97 |archive-date=2009-08-02 }}</ref> It will be replaced by the [[Engineering:SIG Sauer P320|SIG Sauer P320]] starting in mid-2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Defence |first=National |date=2022-10-06 |title=Canada awards contract for new Army pistols |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/department-national-defence/news/2022/10/canada-awards-contract-for-new-army-pistols.html |access-date=2022-10-07 |website=www.canada.ca}}</ref>
* {{flag|Chad}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Chile}}<ref name="gander1995">Gander, Terry J.; Hogg, Ian V. ''Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995/1996''. Jane's Information Group; 21 edition (May 1995). {{ISBN|978-0-7106-1241-0}}.</ref>
* {{flagcountry|Republic of China (1912-1949)}}: Used pistols made by the John Inglis Co. of Ontario, Canada.<ref name="arnolddw"/>
* {{flagcountry|People's Republic of China}}: Unlicensed copies were produced by Norinco.<ref name="smallarms2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2007/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2007-Chapter-01-O-EN.pdf |title=Multiplying the Sources |website=www.smallarmssurvey.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110614100530/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2007/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2007-Chapter-01-O-EN.pdf |archive-date=June 14, 2011}}</ref>
* {{flag|Colombia}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flagcountry|Croatia}}: 9.000 supplied by {{wipe|Argentina}} during the Yugoslav wars<ref>{{Cite web |last=Defensa.com |date=2013-07-31 |title=Lo que Croacia se llevó de la Argentina - Noticias Defensa Documentos |url=https://www.defensa.com/reportajes/que-croacia-se-llevo-argentina |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Defensa.com |language=es}}</ref>
* {{flag|Cuba}}<ref name="jones2009" />
* {{flag|Cyprus}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Democratic Republic of Congo}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Denmark}}<ref name="arnolddw"/><ref name="jones2009"/> - designated m/46<ref name="Wiener 1987">{{cite book|title=The armies of the NATO nations: Organization, concept of war, weapons and equipment|series=Truppendienst Handbooks Volume 3|year= 1987|first=Friedrich |last=Wiener |page=425|publisher=Herold Publishers|location=Vienna}}</ref>
* {{flag|Dominican Republic}}<ref name="gander1995"/>
* {{flag|Ecuador}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|El Salvador}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Estonia}}<ref name="arnolddw"/><ref name="netherlands1991">{{cite book|last=Ministry of Defence|first=Royal Netherlands Army|title=Handboek voor de Soldaat 1991 (Soldier's Handbook)|publisher=Ministry of Defence|year=1991|edition=VS 2-1350|pages=22–1}}</ref>
* {{flag|Finland}}: 2,400 Pistols imported from Belgium in 1939–1940, used during last stages of Winter War, common usage during Continuation War, mostly issued to pilots. Retired in 1980s.<ref>{{cite web|title=Revolvers & Pistols, part 3 |date=24 May 2014 |url=https://www.jaegerplatoon.net/PISTOLS3.htm}}</ref><ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Ghana}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Greece}}: Used pistols made by the John Inglis Co. of Ontario, Canada.<ref name="arnolddw"/>
* {{flag|Guatemala}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Honduras}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Hong Kong|colonial}}: Used by the Royal Hong Kong Regiment.<ref name="RHKR_Weapon">{{cite web|title=RHKR Equipment - Weapons |url=https://www.rhkr.org/equipment/weapon.htm |publisher=The Royal Hong Kong Regiment (The Volunteers) Association |website=www.rhkr.org |access-date=16 June 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210616152909/https://www.rhkr.org/equipment/weapon.htm |archive-date=16 June 2021 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flag|Hungary}}: Identical copy was produced.<ref name="bishop1998">Bishop, Chris (1998). ''Guns in Combat''. Chartwell Books, Inc. {{ISBN|0-7858-0844-2}}.</ref>
* {{flag|India}}: Produced locally as Pistol Auto 9mm 1A by Indian Ordnance Factory/Ishapore Arms using stamping dies from the former John Inglis manufacturing facility in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.<ref name="valpolini2009"/><ref name="jones2009"/><ref name="smallarms2007"/>
* {{flag|Indonesia}}: General-issue sidearm for Indonesian Armed Forces, especially by ''Komando Pasukan Katak'' (Kopaska) naval tactical diver group and ''Komando Pasukan Khusus'' (Kopassus) army special forces group.<ref name="idnvojnik">{{cite web|url=http://www.hrvatski-vojnik.hr/hrvatski-vojnik/1612007/ind.asp |title=Kopassus & Kopaska – Specijalne Postrojbe Republike Indonezije |language=hr |publisher=Hrvatski Vojnik Magazine |access-date=2010-06-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822145526/http://www.hrvatski-vojnik.hr/hrvatski-vojnik/1612007/ind.asp |archive-date=2010-08-22 }}</ref> Made under license by Pindad as the P1.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.revistaarmas.com/1580/un-repaso-a-las-armas-ligeras-de-pindad.html |title=Un repaso a las armas ligeras de Pindad |access-date=2010-07-05 |language=es |publisher=ARMAS |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402233705/http://www.revistaarmas.com/1580/un-repaso-a-las-armas-ligeras-de-pindad.html |archive-date=2013-04-02 }}</ref>
* {{flag|Iraq}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Ireland}}: Used by the Irish Defence Forces, since replaced by the Heckler & Koch USP.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.independent.ie/national-news/defence-forces-to-turn-tomb-raiders-76402.html | work=Irish Independent | first=Don | last=Lavery | title=Defence Forces to turn 'tomb raiders' | date=2006-09-02 | access-date=2010-09-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219202143/http://www.independent.ie/national-news/defence-forces-to-turn-tomb-raiders-76402.html | archive-date=2011-12-19 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flag|Israel}}: Used by YAMAM before being replaced by various Glock models.<ref name="meyr1999">{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/security/law_enforcement/news/ipi/ipi0312.shtml |archive-url=https://archive.today/20080301103639/http://www.janes.com/security/law_enforcement/news/ipi/ipi0312.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 1, 2008 |title=Special Weapons for Counter-terrorist Units |author=Meyr, Eitan |date=January 6, 1999 |publisher=Jane's&nbsp;— Law Enforcement |access-date=2009-09-26 }}</ref> Produced locally.<ref name="smallarms2007"/>
* {{flag|Jamaica}}: Issued to officers of the Jamaica Defence Force.<ref>{{cite web |author=ncoicinnet |url=http://www.jdfmil.org/equipment/weapons/weapons_home.php |title=Web Site of the Jamaica Defence Force |publisher=Jdfmil.org |access-date=2012-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419163253/http://www.jdfmil.org/equipment/weapons/weapons_home.php |archive-date=2012-04-19 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flag|Jordan}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Kenya}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Kuwait}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Lebanon}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Liberia}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Libya}}<ref name ='SAS 26'>{{cite book|title=Web Trafficking: Analysing the Online Trade of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Libya|first1=N.R.|last1=Jenzen-Jones|first2=Ian|last2=McCollum|date=April 2017|series=Working Paper No. 26|editor=Small Arms Survey|pages=48, 53, 57|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/F-Working-papers/SAS-SANA-WP26-Libya-web-trafficking.pdf|access-date=2018-08-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009093426/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/F-Working-papers/SAS-SANA-WP26-Libya-web-trafficking.pdf|archive-date=2018-10-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flag|Lithuania}}<ref name="arnolddw"/><ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Luxembourg}}:<ref name="valpolini2009"/> Replaced by [[Engineering:Glock 17|Glock 17]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armee.lu/materiel/armement.php |title=Armement |publisher=Armee.lu |access-date=2012-11-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720110506/http://www.armee.lu/materiel/armement.php |archive-date=2011-07-20 }}</ref>
* {{flag|Malawi}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Malaysia}}: General-issue sidearm for senior-rank officers and special forces of the military and police.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tactical-life.com/online/special-weapons/malaysian-special-forces |title=Malaysian Special Forces |author=Thompson, Leroy |date=December 2008 |publisher=Special Weapons |access-date=2009-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402013858/http://www.tactical-life.com/online/special-weapons/malaysian-special-forces/ |archive-date=2012-04-02 |url-status=live }}</ref> 	
* {{flag|Mali}}: People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad<ref name ='SAS 2005'>{{cite book|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2005.html|chapter-url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/A-Yearbook/2005/en/Small-Arms-Survey-2005-Chapter-06-EN.pdf|chapter=Sourcing the Tools of War: Small Arms Supplies to Conflict Zones|title=Small Arms Survey 2005: Weapons at War|publisher=[[Organization:Oxford University Press|Oxford University Press]]|year=2005|author=Small Arms Survey|page=166|isbn=978-0-19-928085-8|access-date=2018-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180830004838/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/publications/by-type/yearbook/small-arms-survey-2005.html|archive-date=2018-08-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* {{flag|Mozambique}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Myanmar}}: Known in Tatmadaw service as the ''MA-5 MK-I''.<ref name="thefirearmblog.com">{{cite web| url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2018/07/20/ma5-the-burmese-tatmadaws-production-glock| title=MA5 MK II: The Burmese Tatmadaw's Production Glock Handgun -| date=2018-07-20| access-date=2018-08-03| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180803163651/https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2018/07/20/ma5-the-burmese-tatmadaws-production-glock| archive-date=2018-08-03| url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Namibia}}: Used by Namibian Police Force (NAMPOL)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.omulunga.com/site/index.php/all-articles/220-struggle-kids-break-colleague-out-of-police-station|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904094348/http://www.omulunga.com/site/index.php/all-articles/220-struggle-kids-break-colleague-out-of-police-station|url-status=dead|title=Struggle Kids' break colleague out of Police Station|archive-date=4 September 2015}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Nazi Germany}}: Over 300,000 pistols were made for the ''Wehrmacht'' after the FN factory was seized by Germany. Pistols were designated the Pistole 640(b).<ref name="arnolddw"/>
*{{flag|North Korea}}: Canadian-made examples known to be used by North Korean special forces.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bemil.chosun.com/nbrd/gallery/view.html?b_bbs_id=10044&pn=1&num=177361 |title=유용원의 군사세계 |access-date=2017-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524023732/http://bemil.chosun.com/nbrd/gallery/view.html?b_bbs_id=10044&pn=1&num=177361 |archive-date=2015-05-24 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flag|Nepal}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Netherlands}}<ref name="arnolddw"/><ref name="jones2009"/><ref name="netherlands1991"/>
*{{flag|Nigeria}}: Produced under license by the Defence Industries Corporation of Nigeria<ref>{{cite web |last=Okoroafor |first=Cynthia |url=http://venturesafrica.com/you-probably-didnt-know-that-nigeria-already-manufactures-these-weapons/ |title=You probably didn't know that Nigeria already manufactures these weapons |publisher=Ventures |date=2015-08-27 |access-date=2017-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202002910/http://venturesafrica.com/you-probably-didnt-know-that-nigeria-already-manufactures-these-weapons/ |archive-date=2017-02-02 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Oman}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Pakistan}}: Used by Special Service Group Navy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Amphibious-and-Special-Forces/Special-Forces-Maritime-Pakistan.html|title=Special Forces (Maritime) (Pakistan), Amphibious and special forces|access-date=2013-02-24|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130411044123/http://articles.janes.com/articles/Janes-Amphibious-and-Special-Forces/Special-Forces-Maritime-Pakistan.html|archive-date=2013-04-11|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flag|Panama}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}: Supplied by Australia.<ref name="jones2009"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iansa.org/regions/asiapacific/documents/SASPNGBackgroundPaper.doc |title=Gun Violence, Crime and Politics in the Southern Highlands |website=www.iansa.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215132419/http://www.iansa.org/regions/asiapacific/documents/SASPNGBackgroundPaper.doc |archive-date=December 15, 2010}}</ref>
*{{flag|Paraguay}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Peru}}<ref name="arnolddw"/><ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Philippines}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Poland}}<ref>{{cite web |author=Sebastian Miernik |url=http://www.grom.mil.pl/uzbrojenie_pliki/UZBROJENIE.HTM |title=//- Strona poświęcona Wojskowej Formacji Specjalnej GROM -// |publisher=Grom.mil.pl |access-date=2012-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814155936/http://www.grom.mil.pl/uzbrojenie_pliki/UZBROJENIE.HTM |archive-date=2011-08-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Formerly used by Polish special forces (JW GROM), no longer in use.
*{{flag|Portugal}}: Since 1935, by the gendarmerie Republican National Guard.<ref name="jones2009"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gnr.pt/portal/internet/gabinete_imprensa/revista_gnr/edicoes/2006/n4/historias/Hist%C3%B3ria%20armamento.pdf|title=Historia|publisher=Gnr.pt|access-date=2012-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121025102908/http://www.gnr.pt/portal/internet/gabinete_imprensa/revista_gnr/edicoes/2006/n4/historias/Hist%C3%B3ria%20armamento.pdf|archive-date=2012-10-25|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flag|Rhodesia}}<ref name="arnolddw"/><ref>{{cite book|page=21|title=Rhodesian Light Infantryman: 1961-1980|author=Neil Grant|year=2015|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1472809629}}</ref>
*{{flag|Romania}}<ref name="arnolddw"/>
*{{flag|Rwanda}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Sierra Leone}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Sri Lanka}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Sudan}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Suriname}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Syria}}<ref name="stevens1990">Stevens, R. Blake ''The Browning High Power Automatic Pistol''. Collector Grade Publications (1990). {{ISBN|978-0-88935-089-2}}.</ref>
*{{flag|Tanzania}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Thailand}}: Used by the {{wipe|Royal Thai Air Force}}.<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Togo}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Tunisia}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Turkey}}: Used by General Directorate of Security
*{{flag|Uganda}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|United Kingdom}}: Used in limited numbers by British airborne and commando units as well as the Special Operations Executive during the Second World War. Formally adopted by the British Army as the L9, a replacement for Webley and Enfield revolvers in 1954<ref name="miller2001"/><ref name="valpolini2009"/><ref name="jones2009"/> and by the Northern Ireland Security Guard Service in 1998.<ref name="ONeill2009 ">{{cite web|url=http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php/site/article/6365/ |title=The state of the Union - Brendan O'Neill |access-date=2012-03-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710130157/http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php/site/article/6365/ |archive-date=2012-07-10 }}</ref> . Replaced by the [[Engineering:Glock|Glock 17 Gen 4]].<ref>[http://modernserviceweapons.com/?p=1687 British Military Adopts Glock 17] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113201031/http://modernserviceweapons.com/?p=1687 |date=2014-01-13 }} - Modernserviceweapons.com, January 12, 2013</ref>
*{{flag|United States}}: Used by the FBI Hostage Rescue Team,<ref name="meyr1999"/> and standard military issue to SOG during the Vietnam War.<ref>{{cite book|title=US MACV-SOG Reconnaissance Team in Vietnam|url=https://archive.org/details/usmacvsogreconna00rott|url-access=limited|series=Warrior 159|first= Gordon L.|last= Rottman |date=20 Sep 2011|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=9781849085137|page=[https://archive.org/details/usmacvsogreconna00rott/page/n39 40]}}</ref>
*{{flag|Uruguay}}:<ref name="jones2009"/> To be replaced by [[Engineering:Glock 17|Glock 17]]<ref>[http://www.janes.com/article/12201/uruguay-to-produce-glock-pistols Uruguay to produce Glock pistols] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109145822/http://www.janes.com/article/12201/uruguay-to-produce-glock-pistols |date=2013-11-09 }} - Janes.com, 28 April 2013</ref>
*{{flag|Venezuela}}<ref name="valpolini2009"/><ref name="jones2009"/>
*{{flag|Zimbabwe}}<ref name="jones2009"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Browning HP}}
* [http://www.browning.com/products/firearms/pistols/hi-power-pistols.html Official page]
* [http://www.hipowersandhandguns.com/HiPowerComments.html HiPowers and Handguns]
* [http://www.littlegun.be/arme%20belge/fn/a%20fn%20gp%20fr.htm F.N. mod. G.P. (Grande Puissance) pictures] {{in lang|fr}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111005153800/http://www.americanrifleman.org/ArticlePage.aspx?id=1577 History and Disassembly Instructions for the Browning Hi-Power]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091130114205/http://hp35.netfirms.com/history/history.htm Browning Hi-Power prototypes]
* [http://www.nazarian.no/images/wep/28_hipowermanual.pdf FN Hi-Power Manual]


[[Category:Police weapons]]

{{Sourceattribution|Browning Hi-Power|1}}