View source for Engineering:Cadillac Gage Commando

{{Short description|Armored car, Armored personnel carrier, Internal security vehicle}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = Cadillac Gage Commando
| image              = V-150 with Turret B @ SAF 36th Anniversary Exhibit.jpg
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = A Philippine National Police Special Action Force V-150 Armored Vehicle
| origin             = {{wipe|United States}}
| type               = 
* [[Engineering:Armored car (military)|Armored car]]
* Armored personnel carrier
* [[Engineering:Internal security vehicle|Internal security vehicle]]<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://www.deagel.com/Armored%20Vehicles/V100%20Commando/a000048#001 |title=V150 Commando |website=Deagel}}</ref>
| is_vehicle         = yes
| service            = 
| used_by            = See ''Operators''
| wars               = {{Collapsible list
| bullets = yes
| title = List of Conflicts
| Vietnam War
| Cambodian Civil War
| Lebanese Civil War
| Guatemalan Civil War
| Laotian Civil War
| Communist insurgency in Sarawak
| Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–89)
| Indonesian occupation of East Timor
| Chadian–Libyan conflict
| Second Sudanese Civil War
| Somali Rebellion
| 1989 Philippine coup d'état attempt
| Gulf War
| 2003–2004 Indonesian offensive in Aceh<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.hobbymiliter.com/6271/foto-foto-darurat-militer-aceh-2003-2004-operasi-militer-lawan-gam/ |title=Foto Foto Darurat Militer Aceh 2003-2004, Operasi Militer Lawan GAM |trans-title=Photos of the 2003-2004 Aceh Military Emergency, Military Operations Against GAM |first=Hanung Jati |last=Purbakusuma |website=Hobbymiliter.com |date=12 May 2019 |access-date=22 April 2022 |language=id}}</ref>
| [[Religion:South Thailand insurgency|South Thailand insurgency]]
| Zamboanga City crisis
| Battle of Marawi
}}
 <!-- Production history -->
| designer           =
| design_date        = June 1962<ref name="Jane2">{{cite book |first=Christopher F. |last=Foss |title=Jane's World Armoured Fighting Vehicles |year=1976 |pages=290–293 |publisher=Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd |isbn=0-354-01022-0}}</ref>{{sfnp|Hunnicutt|2002|pp=181–208, 220–221}}
| manufacturer       = Cadillac Gage<ref name="Recognition">{{cite book |first=Christopher F. |last=Foss |title=Jane's Tanks and Combat Vehicles Recognition Guide |date=16 May 2000 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/janestankcombatv00foss/page/330 330]–335 |publisher=Harper Collins |isbn=978-0-00-472452-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/janestankcombatv00foss/page/330}}</ref>
| unit_cost          = 
| production_date    = 
| number             = 3,200<ref name="Recognition"/>
| variants           = See ''Variants''
 <!-- General specifications -->
| weight             = {{convert|7.37|t|ST LT|lk=out}} <small>''(V-100)''</small><ref name="Jane2"/><br />{{convert|9.8|t|ST LT|lk=out}} <small>''(V-150)''</small>{{sfnp|Chant|1987|pp=44–45}}<br />{{convert|12.73|t|ST LT|lk=out}} <small>''(V-200)''</small><ref name="Jane2"/>
| length             = {{convert|5.69|m|ftin|abbr=on}} <small>''(V-100/V-150)''</small><ref name="Recognition"/><br />{{convert|6.12|m|ftin|abbr=on}} <small>''(V-200)''</small><ref name="Jane2"/>
| width              = {{convert|2.26|m|ftin|abbr=on}} <small>''(V-100/V-150)''</small><ref name="Recognition"/><br />{{convert|2.43|m|ftin|abbr=on}} <small>''(V-200)''</small><ref name="Jane2"/>
| height             = {{convert|2.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}} <small>''(V-100/V-200)''</small><ref name="Jane2"/><br />{{convert|2.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}} <small>''(V-150)''<ref name="Jane2"/></small>
| crew               = 3 (commander, gunner, driver) + 9 passengers{{sfnp|Chant|1987|pp=44–45}}
 <!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->
| armour             =
| primary_armament   = 1x Cockerill Mk3 90mm cannon<br />1x 20mm autocannon<br />1x 7.62mm machine gun
| secondary_armament = 2x 6x 40mm smoke grenade launchers
| engine             = [[Company:Chrysler|Chrysler]] 361 eight-cylinder petrol{{sfnp|Hunnicutt|2002|pp=181–208, 220–221}}
| engine_power       = 210 hp (156&nbsp;kW) at 4,000&nbsp;rpm{{sfnp|Hunnicutt|2002|pp=181–208, 220–221}}
| transmission       = 
| fuel_capacity      = 303 liters <small>''(V-100/V-150)''</small>{{sfnp|Chant|1987|pp=44–45}}<br />379 liters <small>''(V-200)''</small><ref name="Jane2"/>
| pw_ratio           = 20.42&nbsp;hp/tonne (15.22&nbsp;kW/tonne)<ref name="Recognition"/>
| suspension         = 
| clearance          = 0.38m <small>''(V-100/V-150)''</small>{{sfnp|Chant|1987|pp=44–45}}<br />0.43 <small>''(V-200)''</small><ref name="Jane2"/>
| vehicle_range      = 644&nbsp;km<ref name="Recognition"/>{{sfnp|Chant|1987|pp=44–45}}
| speed              = 100&nbsp;km/h (62 mph){{sfnp|Chant|1987|pp=44–45}}
}}

The '''Cadillac Gage Commando''', frequently denoted as the '''M706''' in U.S. military service,<ref name=Humvee>{{cite book |last1=Green |first1=Michael |last2=Stewart |first2=Greg |title=Humvee at War |date=1997 |page=81 |publisher=Zenith Press |location=Saint Paul, Minnesota |isbn=978-0-760321515}}</ref> is an American [[Engineering:Armored car (military)|armored car]] designed to be [[Engineering:Amphibious vehicle|amphibious]].{{sfnp|Chant|1987|pp=44–45}} It was engineered by Cadillac Gage specifically for the United States Military Police Corps during the Vietnam War as an armed convoy escort vehicle.<ref name=Humvee/> The Commando was one of the first vehicles to combine the traditionally separate roles of an armored personnel carrier and a conventional armored car, much like the Soviet [[Engineering:BTR-40|BTR-40]].<ref name="Bull">{{cite book |first=Stephen |last=Bull |title=Encyclopedia of Military Technology and Innovation |year=2004 |pages=19–20 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-573565578}}</ref> Its notable height, amphibious capability, and waterproofed engine allowed American crews to fight effectively in the jungles of Vietnam by observing their opponents over thick vegetation and fording the country's deep rivers.<ref name=Humvee/>

The Commando was eventually produced in three distinct marks: the V-100, V-150, and V-200, all of which were modified for a number of diverse battlefield roles.<ref name="Jane2"/> An unlicensed copy of the Commando series, the [[Engineering:Bravia Chaimite|Bravia Chaimite]], was also manufactured in Portugal.<ref name="Jane2"/> After the American military disengagement from Vietnam, the Commando series was gradually retired from active U.S. service.<ref name=Humvee/> It was superseded in the Military Police Corps by the derivative [[Engineering:M1117 Armored Security Vehicle|M1117 Armored Security Vehicle]] during the 1990s.<ref name="Recognition"/><ref name="Brochure1">{{cite book |title=A Commando For Every Mission |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |url=http://www.textronsystems.com/sites/default/files/resource-files/TS_ML_COMMANDO_Family_Brochure.pdf |location=Providence, Rhode Island |publisher=[[Company:Textron|Textron]] |date=2015 |access-date=20 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161213133213/http://www.textronsystems.com/sites/default/files/resource-files/TS_ML_COMMANDO_Family_Brochure.pdf |archive-date=13 December 2016}}</ref>

==Design and development==
The V-100 series of vehicles was developed in the early 1960s by the Terra-Space division of the Cadillac Gage company of Warren, Michigan. By 1962 a patent was filed and received by Terra-Space for a vehicle then only known as the '''Commando'''.{{sfnp|Lathrop|McDonald|2002|pp=4–5}} The first prototype emerged in 1963, and the production variants entered service in 1964.

[[File:Xm706m1.jpg|thumb|A V-100 (XM706) Armored Car advertisement showing a turret featuring a minigun]]

The vehicle is equipped with [[Engineering:Four-wheel drive|four-wheel drive]] and uses axles similar to the ones used in the M35 series of trucks. The engine is a gasoline-powered 360-cubic-inch Chrysler V8, same as in the early gas models of the [[Engineering:M113 armored personnel carrier|M113 armored personnel carrier]]s. Its 5-speed [[Engineering:Manual transmission|manual transmission]] allows it to traverse relatively rough terrain. The M706 has a road speed of {{convert|62|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}, and can travel across water at {{convert|3|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}.

A Commando's armor consists of high hardness alloy steel called Cadaloy, which protects against projectiles up to [[Engineering:7.62×51mm NATO|7.62×51mm]]. Partly because of its armor, the M706 has an unloaded mass of over 7 tons. As a result, a common problem with the vehicle is rear axle failure caused by the extreme weight. However, because the armor also provides the [[Engineering:Monocoque|monocoque]] structural framework, it can be lighter than a soft vehicle to which armor has been added, and the angle of the armor also helps protect against hits and mine blasts.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

The V-100 was available in turret and open-top models. Factory prototype turret options included the T-60, T-70, and T-90. The T-60 featured a combination of either two .50 caliber machine guns, two .30 caliber machine guns, or one of each, and had manual traverse.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/v-100.htm |title=XM706 / V-100 Commando |website=GlobalSecurity.org}}</ref>

The specific .30 caliber machine gun options were extremely varied, with from factory configurations including the [[Engineering:M1919 Browning machine gun#M1919A4|M1919A4E1]], [[Engineering:M1919 Browning machine gun#M37|M37]], M73, M219, and MG42. Later the [[Engineering:M60 machine gun|M60]] and [[Engineering:FN MAG|FN MAG]] were also added to the list of options.{{sfnp|Lathrop|McDonald|2002|p=10}} The Cadillac Gage company also intended to use the solenoid trigger equipped fixed machine gun version of the [[Engineering:Stoner 63|Stoner 63]] weapon system, but this was dropped after tests showed the smaller caliber cartridge to be unsuited to this role.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://home.comcast.net/~sfischer397/stoner/fixed.htm |title=Stoner 63A Fixed MG |date=2005 |website=Mongo's Stoner 63A Page |access-date=14 February 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206201318/http://home.comcast.net/~sfischer397/stoner/fixed.htm |archive-date=6 February 2009}}</ref>

The T-90 featured a single 20&nbsp;mm cannon with power traverse. The T-70, developed for police use, featured 4 tear gas launchers, vision blocks all around the turret for 360-degree vision, and no other weapons. The T-70 and T-90 were not put into mass production; instead, a modified T-60—with the guns centrally mounted, rather than along the outer edges—became the standard. A variant of this turret featuring the 7.62&nbsp;mm General Electric [[Engineering:Minigun|Minigun]] was also developed.{{sfnp|Lathrop|McDonald|2002|pp=9–10}}

In addition an open-topped variant with a central parapet was developed. The intended usage of this variant was to be a mortar [[Engineering:Portee|portee]], but a total of five machine gun mounts could also be fitted. There were 2 in front, one in the rear all three [[Engineering:M2 Browning|M2 Browning]] or [[Engineering:Mk 19 grenade launcher|Mk 19]] capable and one folding pintle point on each side capable of mounting any .30 caliber machine gun such as the [[Engineering:M1919 Browning machine gun|M1919 Browning machine gun]], [[Engineering:M60 machine gun|M60]] or any other machine gun of that class. An enclosed raised superstructure "pod" was also developed for converting the V-100 into either a command vehicle or for police use. The variants for police work featured special elongated firing ports for better angles of fire for tear gas grenade launchers.{{sfnp|Lathrop|McDonald|2002|pp=10, 42}}

Relatively large-gunned variants of the V-100 began appearing in 1964, when Cadillac Gage marketed the Commando against the [[Engineering:Alvis Saladin|Alvis Saladin]] and [[Engineering:Panhard AML|Panhard AML-90]] for a Royal Saudi Army requirement specifying a wheeled armoured vehicle equipped with a large semi-automatic cannon.<ref name="Saladin">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_bUtAQAAIAAJ&q=Panhard |editor-last=Burdett |editor-first=Anita L.P. |date=November 1997 |title=Records of Saudi Arabia, 1961-1965: 1965 |volume=6 |location=Slough |publisher=Cambridge Archive Editions |page=57 |isbn=978-1-852077709}}</ref> A number of V-150s were later successfully tested and offered with a Mecar low-pressure 90mm smoothbore gun. With the new turret and gun, the V-150 was manned by a crew of three, although it retained enough space for eight additional passengers if no additional shell racks were added.

At maximum capacity its hull could store up to thirty-nine rounds of 90mm ammunition and still seat four additional passengers. Subsequent V-150 models incorporated a slightly larger turret armed with a much more powerful Cockerill Mk.III 90mm gun, the same as that carried by the [[Engineering:EE-9 Cascavel|EE-9 Cascavel]]. A third fire support option involved the retrofitting of the Commando chassis with the complete turret and 76mm L23A1 gun of the British [[Engineering:FV101 Scorpion|FV101 Scorpion]] tracked reconnaissance vehicle.{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}

Marketing for the V-150 family was halted in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ground/lav-150.htm |title=LAV-150 Commando |website=Globalsecurity.org}}</ref>

In 2010, Federal Defense Industries announced that they entered into an agreement with Textron Marine & Land Systems in order to provide authorized aftermarket parts, support and other types of assistance for the V-100/150/200 since FDI maintains a technical library for spare parts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fdi.us.com/cadillac-gage |title=Cadillac Gage |website=Federal Defense Industries |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615075157/https://www.fdi.us.com/cadillac-gage |archive-date=15 June 2019}}</ref>

In 2011, Napco entered into an agreement with Textron to provide authorized aftermarket parts, support and other types of assistance for the V-100/150.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.napcointl.com/Napco%20General%20Presentation.pdf |title=Napco General Presentation |date=2011 |website=Napco International}}</ref>

==Operational use==
[[File:M706 Armored Car.jpg|thumb|The M706 armored car at Fort Leonard Wood.]]
[[File:Cadillac Gage Commando.JPEG|thumb|US Air Force Security Policemen aboard a V-100 (XM-706E2) during exercise ''Team Spirit '81''.]]

The Commando was originally deployed to South Vietnam in September 1963{{sfnp|Doyle|2008|p=2}} for use by the U.S. Army Military Police, {{wipe|United States Air Force}}, United States Marine Corps and allied forces including the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). It was introduced in Vietnam as the XM706 Commando first to the ARVN who loaned the first examples to the U.S. Army in June 1967. By the end of 1968, the U.S. Army had purchased its own version of the armored car, the XM706E1, later standardized as the M706. Within the U.S. Army it was affectionately known as ''the Duck'', or ''the V''.

The main differences between the XM706 and XM706E1/M706 were in the design of the gas tank fill port covers, side windows, front vision blocks, and most importantly in the weaponry. The XM706 featured two .30-06 caliber [[Engineering:M1919 Browning machine gun#M37|M37]] machine guns, while the XM706E1/M706 for the U.S. Army featured two [[Engineering:7.62×51mm NATO|7.62mm NATO]] M73 machine guns for better ammunition commonality with existing weapons. The ARVN, on the other hand, were still using a variety of weapons in the .30-06 caliber and had relevant ammunition in their supply train.

In practice, the ARVN found the standard two-gun armament to be lacking and often mounted an additional M1919A4 machine gun on a standard tripod mount at the rear radio operator's hatch.{{sfnp|Lathrop|McDonald|2002|p=17}} A number of their V-100s were also refitted with the combination turret armament of one M37 and one .50 BMG-caliber M2HB machine gun.{{sfnp|Lathrop|McDonald|2002|p=15}} The V-100 in with the ARVN mainly saw service in armored car elements of armored cavalry units, but also as part of the mechanized platoons of the South Vietnamese Regional Forces.<ref>{{harvnb|''RF/PF Advisors Handbook'' 1971| p=I-8}}</ref> Compared to the American counterparts ARVN V-100 units had larger crews, including a commander riding shotgun, and a radio operator outside the rear hatch.{{citation needed|date=January 2008}}

[[File:V-100CommandoTuyHoa1968Vietnam.jpg|thumb|Two V-100 (XM-706E2) of the USAF Security Police on patrol, circa 1968.]]

Another model, the XM706E2, was supplied to the U.S. Air Force for base protection purposes, post-attack reconnaissance against munitions and [[Social:Bomb disposal|EOD]] use. The XM706E2 featured no turret and an open-topped center parapet. In practice a variety of weapons were mounted on USAF XM706E2s, but the most common configuration was one M2HB machine gun and one M60 machine gun. Other equipment included the [[Engineering:XM174 grenade launcher|XM174 40 mm grenade launcher]] and searchlights.

The 3rd Security Police Group of the United States Air Force at Clark Air Base Republic of the Philippines was still operating the "Duck" as a Fire-Team vehicle until it received M1026 HMMWVs in the fall of 1988. The vehicles were then semi-retired, and occasionally used as "steel bunkers” at the gates, because of the difficulty in keeping the 20-year-old vehicles running.{{citation needed|date=June 2008}}

The V-100 carries a maximum crew of two with up to 10 passengers. In road patrol, convoy duty and base defense use by the U.S. Army's Military Police, it usually had a crew of two: driver and gunner. Additional armament often included two or three top-mounted M2 or M60 machine guns. Other weapons such as M134 Miniguns were also sometimes used. Passengers could also use their personal weapons to fire through the vehicle's various gun ports.

In spite of its effectiveness during the Vietnam War, the U.S. military made limited use of the V-100s after the war, deploying only small units of the armored cars with U.S. Army Military Police platoons at the Herlong Army Depot in California during the 1970s, or other related sites across the country. The remaining V-100s were expended as "hard targets" for tank and machinegun ranges throughout various military installations.{{sfnp|Doyle|2008|p=2}}

Survivors remain in service with various smaller forces, such as the People's Army of Vietnam, Royal Thai Army, Republic of China Military Police, the Philippine Army, Marine Corps, and Special Action Force of the Philippine National Police, the Lebanese Armed Forces, the Army of Venezuela and the Jamaica Defence Force. It was used by the Malaysian Army in Second Malayan Emergency (now retired) and Royal Malaysia Police (GOF- Pasukan Gerakan Am) until now. The vehicle is also used by many SWAT units in the U.S. and gendarmerie forces overseas. The V-100 is the predecessor of the [[Engineering:M1117 Armored Security Vehicle|M1117 Armored Security Vehicle]] which is being used by the U.S. Army for convoy protection and other duties in Iraq and Afghanistan.

For many years the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) had used 2 V-100s and used them for high risk warrant arrests. They pioneered the first SWAT teams and were the first to use the V-100 as a law enforcement vehicle. Typically a court issued warrant was required to use them, however the LAPD had deployed them outside of that requirement. On a moment's notice the LAPD Metropolitan Division could have a V-100 (nicknamed the "tank") in the field for shooting scenarios as well as officer assistance calls. Instead of outfitting these vehicles with guns the LAPD would attach a {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=on}} battering ram. The battering ram's flat end was decorated with a smiley face and captioned "Have a nice day." The LAPD has retired the V-100 vehicles.

Today some SWAT teams around the nation have similar V-100s. On the A&E TV show "Detroit SWAT" a V-100 with a battering ram is often seen being used by the Detroit SWAT team. Most SWAT operations now are more updated with better equipped APCs and armored vans. However, when needed, the V-100 continues to be a valuable tool for making a tactical entrance on a building, residence, etc.{{citation needed|date=January 2008}}

==Variants==
[[File:RMP V150 Commando.jpg|thumb|Royal Malaysia Police General Operations Forces personnel on V-150 fighting vehicle in jungle operation, 1985]]
[[File:V-200 Commando Singapore2.jpg|thumb|A Singapore Army V-200 Commando with 20mm cannon]]
Cadillac Gage's basic V-100 vehicle spawned an entire series of vehicles. This development was continued even after the production and further development of the system was passed to Marine and Land Division of the [[Company:Textron|Textron]] company. These included updated 4×4 vehicles, but also expanded 6×6 vehicles utilizing a similar design and some basic components.

===V-150===
The V-150 was a hybrid variant which actually came after the V-200 and was based on the V-200 but had some V-100 features. It could be equipped with diesel or gasoline engines and most were produced for the Saudi Arabian National Guard as the ''V-150S''. The V-150 was initially fitted with the same Chrysler V8 gasoline engine and three-speed transmission as the V-100, but these were later superseded by a Cummins six-cylinder engine and a four-speed automatic transmission.{{sfnp|Hunnicutt|2002|pp=200–205}}

Unlike the V-200, all V-150s retained the same size and dimensions of the earlier V-100s; however, they were manufactured with heavier axles and modified suspension units. The V-150's hull was also designed specifically to carry heavier weapons systems, such as large smoothbore guns for fire support and anti-tank purposes.{{sfnp|Hunnicutt|2002|pp=200–205}}

In the 1980s Portugal updated its [[Engineering:Bravia Chaimite|Chaimites]] (originally built between 1967 and 1974) with a 90&nbsp;mm turret (V-400), but the Portuguese Army also bought 15 examples of the U.S.-made V-150 Commando.<ref name="PT">{{cite web |url=http://areamilitar.net/DIRECTORIO/TER.aspx?nn=98 |title=Chaimite V-400 - Bravia |website=Área Militar |language=pt |access-date=12 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020025634/http://areamilitar.net/DIRECTORIO/TER.aspx?nn=98 |archive-date=20 October 2007}}</ref><ref name="PT2">{{cite web |url=http://areamilitar.net/DIRECTORIO/TER.aspx?nn=99 |title=LAV-150 - Textron Marine & Land |website=Área Militar |language=pt |access-date=12 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071027070945/http://www.areamilitar.net/DIRECTORIO/TER.aspx?nn=99 |archive-date=27 October 2007}}</ref>

The Philippine Army continue to use their V-150s in 2017, when several photos appeared on social media of a vehicle with heavy wooden planks and flattened ammunition crates were applied as improvised armour against ISIL insurgents in the southern islands.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/military/weapons/a26804/wooden-armor-tank-rockets/ |title=These ISIS-Fighting Philippine Tanks Are Clad in DIY Wooden "Armor" |first=Kyle |last=Mizokami |date=7 June 2017 |website=Popular Mechanics}}</ref> The effectiveness of the improvised vehicle armour against proper [[Engineering:Rocket-propelled grenade|rocket-propelled grenade]]s is doubtful, but it has been judged to reduce some of the RPG's damage.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sofrep.com/83195/images-surface-of-wood-armor-on-philippine-military-vehicles-fighting-isis-could-that-actually-work-against-an-rpg/ |title=Images surface of wood armor on Philippine military vehicles fighting ISIS: Could that actually work against an RPG? |first=Alex |last=Hollings |date=9 June 2017 |website=SOFREP}}</ref> On June 7, 2023, LAV-150s upgraded by Larsen & Toubro were tested in Bulacan.<ref>https://www.armyrecognition.com/defense_news_june_2023_global_security_army_industry/philippine_marine_corps_conducted_road_testing_of_upgraded_v-150_and_v-300_commando_armored_vehicles.html</ref>

===HMV-150===
The HMV-150 is a modernized and upgraded variant of the V-150 created by Thailand in 2017. Locally designed by Panus Assembly, the HMV-150 has a new design to respond to new threats and especially to offer more protection against mines and IEDs. The internal layout of the vehicle is also modified to offer more internal space, giving a capacity to carry up to ten military personnel.<ref name="armyrecognition">{{cite web |url=https://armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_military_technology_uk/hmv-150_4x4_apc_based_on_us_v-150_thailand_navy_panus_assembly_10807171.html |title=New HMV-150 4x4 armoured personnel carrier based on American V-150 APC for Thai armed forces |date=8 July 2017 |website=Army Recognition.com |access-date=16 May 2022}}</ref>

The original V-150 only had the capacity to transport five people{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}. The vehicle is fitted with a new 8.9 liter [[Engineering:Cummins L-series engine|Cummins ISL]] engine Euro 3 developing 350&nbsp;hp. coupled to a new [[Company:Allison Transmission|Allison 4500]] automatic transmission with six gears. The HMV-150 can achieve a maximum road speed of {{convert|110|kph|abbr=on}}.<ref name="armyrecognition"/>

An unknown amount of HMV-150s have been delivered. Currently they are being operated by the Royal Thai Armed Forces, most especially the Royal Thai Navy and the Royal Thai Marine Corps.

===V-200===
The V-200 was essentially an enlarged version of the V-100 and utilized many components of the U.S. Army's 5-ton trucks. This version was designed to the specifications of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and entered service in 1968. It was fitted with a custom diesel engine and was notably heavier than the V-100.<ref name="V-200">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.mindef.gov.sg/content/dam/imindef_media_library/graphics/army/army_news/download_our_issues/2015/armynews_issue236.pdf |title=V-200 |first=Keita |last=Sin |date=June 2015 |journal=Army News |number=236 |page=17 |location=Singapore |publisher=Ministry of Defence |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160905220445/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/content/dam/imindef_media_library/graphics/army/army_news/download_our_issues/2015/armynews_issue236.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2016}}</ref> [[Company:ST Kinetics|ST Kinetics]] upgraded the Singaporean fleet of V-200 vehicles in 2002 with electric turret drives and made some detail improvements to both the engine and transmission. The Singapore Army continued to hold two hundred V-200s in reserve until 2015, when they were formally retired and replaced by the Peacekeeper Protected Response Vehicle (PRV).<ref name="V-200"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/peacekeeper-protected-response-vehicle/  |title=Peacekeeper Protected Response Vehicle |date=26 August 2015 |website=Army-Technology.com |access-date=6 July 2017  |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612034115/http://www.army-technology.com/projects/peacekeeper-protected-response-vehicle/ |archive-date=12 June 2017}}</ref>

Fifty V-200s were operated by the {{wipe|Republic of Singapore Air Force}} for on-base security and equipped with Swedish-manufactured RBS 70 surface to air missiles in a turret mount. It is unclear whether these were retired in 2015 as well.<ref name="V-200"/>

===LAV-300===
{{main article|Engineering:LAV-300}}
Originally named as the V-300, the LAV-300 is a 6×6 variant originally designed for a heavy weapons support role.

===LAV-600===
{{main article|Engineering:LAV-600}}
The V-600 is a much heavier version of the V-300 and was intended to fulfill heavier weapons support. The primary version is equipped with a 105&nbsp;mm turret.

==Military operators==
[[File:Haitian Army during Operation Uphold Democracy.JPEG|thumb|Several 90&nbsp;mm and 20&nbsp;mm V-150s of the Haitian Army seized by the U.S. military during Operation Uphold Democracy, 24 September 1994.]]
[[File:ROC Military Police V-150s Commando Armored Cars in Camp 20160924.jpg|thumb|V-150s of the Taiwanese military police.]]
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->

===V-100===
*{{flag|Bolivia}}: 10<ref name="SIPRI">{{cite web |url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |title=SIPRI arms transfer database |website=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |access-date=17 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414022558/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |archive-date=14 April 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flag|Cambodia}}<ref name="Handbook">{{Cite book |title=Cambodia, a Country Study |edition=3rd |editor-last=Ross |editor-first=Russell |year=1987 |publisher=Department of the Army, American University |location=Washington, D.C. |series=Area Handbook Series |isbn=978-0-16-020838-6 |page=313}}</ref>
*{{flag|Guatemala}}: 7<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Laos}}{{sfnp|Conboy|Morrison|1995|p=290}}
*{{flag|Lebanon}}: 9{{sfnp|Lathrop|McDonald|2002|p=42}}
*{{flag|Malaysia}}: 100<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Oman}}: 15<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Peru}}: 20<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Singapore}}: 30<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|South Vietnam}}: 125<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Sudan}}: 45<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Venezuela}}: 30<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Vietnam}}: Unknown numbers in service, upgraded by the Military Mechanical Engineering Institute with assistance from Z751 factory to replace old and worn out parts after Vietnam was reunified, with American-made weapons replaced with Russian-based weapons,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://infonet.vietnamnet.vn/quan-su/viet-nam-da-cai-tien-xe-thiet-giap-commando-v-100-ra-sao-128813.html |title=Việt Nam đã cải tiến xe thiết giáp Commando V-100 ra sao? |trans-title=How has Vietnam improved the Commando V-100 armored vehicle? |language=vi |date=February 17, 2014 |website=VietNamNet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://baonghean.vn/content/MTM2NDQ4.html |title=Việt Nam có nên tái biên chế thiết giáp V-100 Commando? |trans-title=Should Vietnam re-commission the V-100 Commando? |language=vi |date=14 June 2017 |website=Báo Nghệ An điện tử}}</ref> acquired through capturing them in the Vietnam War.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://soha.vn/news-20140718221426668.htm |title=Điểm qua một số chương trình nâng cấp vũ khí nổi bật của VN (P3) |trans-title=Check out some outstanding weapons upgrade programs of Vietnam (P3) |language=vi |first=Tuấn |last=Trung |date=19 July 2014 |website=Soha.vn}}</ref>

===V-150===
*{{flag|Botswana}}: 14<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Cameroon}}: 43;{{sfnp|The Military Balance 2021|p=454}} Being replaced by Norinco Type 07Ps to be used with the Cameroonian Army's Armoured Reconnaissance Battalion (''Bataillon Blindé de Reconnaissance'').<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/images/assets/520/71520/New-model_African_armies.pdf |title=New-model African armies |date=2017 |website=Janes Information Services |page=7 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622123315/http://www.janes.com/images/assets/520/71520/New-model_African_armies.pdf |archive-date=22 June 2017}}</ref>
*{{flag|Chad}}: 9{{sfnp|The Military Balance 2021|p=457}} 
*{{flag|Dominican Republic}}: 8<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Egypt}}: 112<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.warwheels.net/CommandoScoutINDEX.html |title=Commando Scout |website=WarWheels.Net |access-date=17 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001025619/http://www.warwheels.net/CommandoScoutINDEX.html |archive-date=1 October 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flag|Ethiopia}}: 12<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Gabon}}: 9<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Haiti}}: 6<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Indonesia}}: 58<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Jamaica}}: 14<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Kuwait}}: 20<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Malaysia}}: 138<ref name="SIPRI" />(Some still active in Royal Malaysia Police)
*{{flag|Mexico}}: 28<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Philippines}}: 185<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Portugal}}: 15<ref name="PT" /> 
*{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}: 1,100; 521 for the Saudi Army and 539 for the Saudi National Guard<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Singapore}}: 40<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Somalia}}: 15<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Sudan}}: 80<ref name="SIPRI" />
* {{flagdeco|Syrian Opposition}} Syrian National Army: 14 donated to police forces by Turkey in 2017<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mitzer |first1=Stijn |last2=Oliemans |first2=Joost |title=From Türkiye With Love: Tracking Turkish Military Donations |url=https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2021/12/from-turkey-with-love-tracking-turkish.html |website=Oryx Blog |date=18 December 2021}}</ref>
*{{flag|Republic of China}} (Taiwan): 300<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Thailand}}: 150<ref name="SIPRI" /> Upgrades done by Panus Assembly as the HMV-150, which has an 8.9 liter Cummins ISL engine with a new Allison 4500 automatic transmission with six gears.<ref name="armyrecognition"/> Currently manufactured as the Panus AFV-420P.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/november_2018_global_defense_security_army_news_industry/thailand_demonstrates_new_4x4_afv-420p_mosquito_armored_fighting_vehicle.html |title=Thailand demonstrates new 4x4 AFV-420P Mosquito armored fighting vehicle |date=26 November 2018 |website=Army Recognition.com}}</ref>
*{{flag|Tunisia}}: 14<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|Venezuela}}: 100<ref name="SIPRI" />

===V-200===
* {{SGP}}: 250<ref name="SIPRI" />

===Former operators===
* {{flagu|United States|1960}}<ref name="auto"/>

==Civil operators==
===V-150===
*{{flag|Turkey}}: 158 V-150s; used by Turkish National Police<ref name="SIPRI" />
*{{flag|United States}}: at least 11 V-150s owned by state, county, and municipal police departments.
**{{flagicon|Florida}} Florida Highway Patrol: 3<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.flhsmv.gov/Expressways/Anniversary2009.pdf |title=FHP History in Numbers: Armored Personnel Carriers |date=2009 |magazine=Expressways |page=22 |publisher=Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529192306/http://www.flhsmv.gov/Expressways/Anniversary2009.pdf |archive-date=29 May 2010}}</ref>
**{{flagicon|Louisiana}} Louisiana State Police: 1<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lsp.org/swat.html |title=Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) |date=2010 |website=Louisiana State Police |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220133406/http://lsp.org/swat.html |archive-date=20 December 2010}}</ref>
**{{flagicon|Louisiana}} Opelousas, Louisiana Police Department: 1<ref>{{cite web |url=http://policecararchives.org/louisiana/stlandry.html  |title=St. Landry Parish |website=Police Car Archives |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612185917/http://policecararchives.org/louisiana/stlandry.html |archive-date=12 June 2017}}</ref>
**{{flagicon|Oregon}} Marion County, Oregon Sheriff's Office
**{{flagicon|Oregon}} Linn County, Oregon Sheriff's Office: 1<ref>{{cite news |url=http://democratherald.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/linn-benton-police-have-no-surplus-military-gear/article_5ea4509a-3088-11e4-9f30-001a4bcf887a.html |title=Linn, Benton police have no surplus military gear |first=Kyle |last=Odegard |date=31 August 2014 |newspaper=Albany Democrat-Herald |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908215739/http://democratherald.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/linn-benton-police-have-no-surplus-military-gear/article_5ea4509a-3088-11e4-9f30-001a4bcf887a.html |archive-date=8 September 2016}}</ref>
** {{flagicon|Connecticut}} Stamford, Connecticut Police Department: 1, to be replaced.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.stamfordadvocate.com/local/article/Stamford-police-seek-public-help-to-buy-200K-6856997.php |title=Stamford police seek public help to buy $200K armored vehicle |first=John |last=Nickerson |date=16 February 2016 |newspaper=Stamford Advocate}}</ref>
**{{flagicon|Indiana}} Fort Wayne, Indiana Police Department: 1<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.journalgazette.net/news/local/police-fire/Armed-man-holes-up-in-vehicle-6723553 |title=Armed man holes up in vehicle |first=Rebecca S. |last=Green |date=19 May 2015 |newspaper=The Journal Gazette |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216001947/http://www.journalgazette.net/news/local/police-fire/Armed-man-holes-up-in-vehicle-6723553 |archive-date=16 February 2016}}</ref>
**{{flagicon|Rhode Island}} Cranston, Rhode Island Police Department: 1<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clerkshq.com/content/Attachments/Charlestown-ri/130114_18d.pdf |title=Transfer of 1990 V-150 Armored Vehicle |date=2 January 2013 |website=Charlestown Police Department |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908220530/http://clerkshq.com/content/Attachments/Charlestown-ri/130114_18d.pdf  |archive-date=8 September 2016 }}</ref>
**{{flagicon|Washington}} Walla Walla County, Washington Sheriff's Department: 1<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.co.walla-walla.wa.us/departments/she/documents/APC.pdf |title=The history of the Walla Walla County Sheriff's Office's first Armored Personnel Carrier |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612190516/http://www.co.walla-walla.wa.us/departments/she/documents/APC.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2017}}</ref>

==Similar vehicles==
* [[Engineering:M1117 Armored Security Vehicle|M1117 Armored Security Vehicle]] – a Commando derived vehicle for the United States Army Military Police Corps.
* [[Engineering:Bravia Chaimite|Bravia Chaimite]] – a Portuguese vehicle similar to the Commando.
* Dragoon AFV – a vehicle produced by [[Company:General Dynamics|Arrowpointe Corporation]] (now General Dynamics Land Division).
* The French [[Engineering:Berliet VXB-170|Berliet VXB-170]], which was built in small numbers for the Gendarmerie and for Gabon.
* BOV – a [[Place:Yugoslavia|Yugoslav]] manufactured vehicle, it was later supplanted by the [[Engineering:LOV-1|LOV]] in some former Yugoslav countries.
* BRDM-2 – a [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet]] scout car.
* [[Engineering:BDX (APC)|BDX]] - Belgian copy of an Irish design. 123 manufactured for the Rijkswacht (Gendarmerie; 80) and Air Force security personnel (43).
* D-442 FUG PSZH - (Felderítő Úszó Gépkocsi – "amphibious reconnaissance vehicle") and D-944 PSZH (Páncélozott Személyszállító Harcjármű – "armored personnel carrier") are the results of Hungarian domestic development of relatively cheap amphibious armoured scout car and armored personnel carrier series.

==See also==
* [[Engineering:Bravia Chaimite|Bravia Chaimite]]
* Cadillac Gage Commando Scout light reconnaissance vehicle

==References==
;Citations
{{reflist}}
;Bibliography

* {{cite book |title=The Military Balance 2021 |date=February 2021 |volume=121 |isbn=978-1-032012278 |publisher=Routledge |ref={{harvid|The Military Balance 2021}} |author=International Institute for Strategic Studies |}}
*{{cite book |last=Chant |first=Christopher |title=A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware |location=New York |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |date=1987 |isbn=0-7102-0720-4}}
*{{cite book |last1=Conboy |first1=Kenneth |last2=Morrison |first2=James |title=Shadow War: The CIA's Secret War in Laos |publisher=Paladin Press |date=1995 |isbn=978-1-58160-535-8}}
*{{cite book |last=Doyle |first=David |title=Cadillac Gage V-100 Commando |date=2008 |publisher=Squadron Signal Publications |isbn=978-0-89747-574-7}}
*{{cite book |last=Hunnicutt |first=Richard Pearce |title=Armored Car: A History of American Wheeled Combat Vehicle |date=2002 |publisher=Presidio Press |location=Navato, California |isbn=0-89141-777-X}}
*{{cite book |last1=Lathrop |first1=Richard |last2=McDonald |first2=John |title=Cadillac Gage V-100 Commando, 1960–1971 |location=London, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |date=2002 |isbn=1-84176-415-9}} 
*{{cite book |title=RF/PF Advisors Handbook |location=Saigon, Vietnam |publisher=RF and PF Division, Territorial Security Directorate, Civilian Operations and Rural Development Support, Headquarters Military Assistance Command Vietnam |date=1971 |ref={{harvid|''RF/PF Advisors Handbook'' 1971}}}}

==External links==
*{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtEzeJmzSow&playnext=1&list=PLEC6492A1293CE197 |title=Commando V-150 Armored Car |date=2 November 2008 |website=YouTube}}


[[Category:Wheeled armoured personnel carriers]]

{{Sourceattribution|Cadillac Gage Commando}}