View source for Engineering:Canton Tower

{{Short description|Communications and observation tower in Guangzhou (Canton), China}}
{{Infobox building
| name = Canton Tower
| native_name = 广州塔
| native_name_lang = zh-hans
| former_name = Guangzhou TV Astronomical and Sightseeing Tower
| image = Canton Tower 20220626 (cropped 2).jpg
| image_size = 200px
| caption = The Canton Tower in June 2022
| groundbreaking_date = c. 2005
| start_date = November 2005
| topped_out_date = August 2009
| highest_start = August 2009
| highest_end = March 2011
| highest_prev = CN Tower
| highest_next = Tokyo Skytree
| completion_date = 2010
| opening = 30 September 2010
| cost = CNY ¥ 2,803,635,000.00 <br /> (US$450,000,000.00)<ref name="great"/>
| building_type = Mixed use:<br /> Restaurant, Observation, Telecommunications
| architectural_style = Structural expressionism
| address = Yuejiang Road West/Yiyuan Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| coordinates = {{coord|23|6|32|N|113|19|8|E|type:landmark_region:CN-44|display=it}}
| map_type = China Guangdong
| map_size = 250
| tip = {{convert|604|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/canton-tower/9385|title = Canton Tower – the Skyscraper Center}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=36975 |title = Canton Tower, Guangzhou – SkyscraperPage.com}}</ref>
| roof = {{convert|462.1|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| top_floor = {{convert|488|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| observatory = {{convert|449|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}
| floor_area = {{convert|114054|m2|sqft|-2|abbr=on}}
| floor_count = 112 <br /> 2 basement floors
| elevator_count = 9
| architect = IBA:<br />Mark Hemel & Barbara Kuit
| structural_engineer = Arup
| website = {{URL|http://www.cantontower.com/}}
| references =<ref>{{ctbuh|9385}}</ref><ref name="emporis">{{Cite web |url=https://www.emporis.com/buildings/220692 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015744/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/220692 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 March 2016 |title=Emporis building ID 220692 |work=Emporis}}</ref><ref name="skyscraper">{{skyscraperpage|36975}}</ref><ref name="archdaily">{{cite web | author=Andrew Rosenberg | title=Canton Tower / Information Based Architecture | url=http://www.archdaily.com/89849/canton-tower-information-based-architecture | work=ArchDaily | date=19 November 2010 | access-date=27 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="arup">{{cite web|title=Canton Tower {{!}} Arup |url=http://www.arup.com/Projects/Guangzhou_TV_Tower.aspx|publisher=Arup.com|access-date=2012-12-31}}</ref><ref name="hemel"/><ref name="gztv">{{cite web|script-title=zh:Canton Tower 广州塔 – Guangzhou TV Tower|url=http://gztvtower.info/|publisher=Gztvtower.info|access-date=2013-01-01}}</ref><ref name="off">{{cite web |title=Canton Tower official website |url=http://www.cantontower.com/en/index.htm |publisher=Cantontower.com |access-date=2013-01-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130131030340/http://www.cantontower.com/en/index.htm |archive-date=31 January 2013 }}</ref><ref name="cc">{{cite web |title=Guangzhou Tower, Guangzhou New TV Tower, Tower official website of Guangzhou :: GuangzhouTower.cc |url=http://www.guangzhoutower.cc/english/index.html |publisher=Guangzhoutower.cc |access-date=2013-01-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121216031226/http://www.guangzhoutower.cc/english/index.html |archive-date=16 December 2012 }}</ref><ref name="great">{{cite web|title=Facts and visitor information on the Canton Tower in China >> The World Federation of Great Towers|url=http://www.great-towers.com/towers/canton-tower/|publisher=Great-towers.com|access-date=2013-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307115950/http://www.great-towers.com/towers/canton-tower/|archive-date=7 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="dayoo">{{cite web |script-title=zh:揭秘广州塔 小蛮腰你知多少|url=http://news.dayoo.com/finance/201601/11/141887_46083380.htm|publisher=Guangzhou daily|access-date=2016-01-11}} </ref>
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|order=st
|s=广州塔
|t=廣州塔
|showflag=y
|y=Gwóngjāu Taap
|p=Guǎngzhōu tǎ
|j=Gwong<sup>2</sup> zau<sup>1</sup> taap<sup>3</sup>
|altname=Guangzhou TV Astronomical and Sightseeing Tower
|s2=广州电视台天文及观光塔
|t2=廣州電視台天文及觀光塔
|y2=Gwóngjāu Dihnsihtòih Tīnmán Kahp Gūngwōng Taap
|p2=Guǎngzhōu diànshìtái tiānwén jí guān'guāng tǎ
|j2=Gwong<sup>2</sup> zau<sup>1</sup> din<sup>6</sup> si<sup>6</sup> toi<sup>4</sup> tin<sup>1</sup> man<sup>4</sup> kap<sup>6</sup> gun<sup>1</sup> gwong<sup>1</sup> taap<sup>3</sup>
}}

The '''Canton Tower''' ({{zh|s=广州塔}}), formally '''Guangzhou TV Astronomical and Sightseeing Tower''' ({{zh|s=广州电视台天文及观光塔}}), is a {{convert|604|m|ft|0|adj=mid|sp=us}}-tall multipurpose observation tower in the Haizhu District of Guangzhou (alternatively romanized as ''Canton'').<ref name="skyscraper">{{skyscraperpage|36975}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Guangzhou's new television tower named Canton Tower |url=http://www.gz2010.cn/10/0930/09/6HQOEBFE0078008O.html |publisher=The People's Government of Guangzhou Municipality |date=30 September 2010 |access-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723102847/http://www.gz2010.cn/10/0930/09/6HQOEBFE0078008O.html |archive-date=23 July 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=The Canton Tower | url=http://www.gztvtower.info | publisher=Canton Tower | year=2010 | access-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> The tower was [[Engineering:Topping out|topped out]] in 2009 and it became operational on 29 September 2010 for the 2010 Asian Games.<ref>{{cite web|title=600-meter-high Canton Tower begins operations |url=http://www.gz2010.cn/10/1002/10/6I01GTTB0078008O.html |publisher=Guangzhou Asian Games Organizing Committee |date=2 October 2010 |access-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723102944/http://www.gz2010.cn/10/1002/10/6I01GTTB0078008O.html |archive-date=23 July 2011 }}</ref> The tower briefly held the title of tallest tower in the world, replacing the CN Tower, before being surpassed by the Tokyo Skytree.<ref>{{cite web | title=List of tallest towers in the world | url=http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=create&search=yes&status_COM=on&status_UCT=on&type_tower=on&page=0 | publisher=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH) | year=2011 | access-date=27 July 2011 | archive-date=25 December 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225180354/http://buildingdb.ctbuh.org/?do=create&search=yes&status_COM=on&status_UCT=on&type_tower=on&page=0 | url-status=dead }}</ref> It was the tallest structure in China prior to the topping out of the Shanghai Tower on 3 August 2013, and is now the second-tallest tower and the fifth-tallest freestanding structure in the world.

== Naming and etymology ==
[[File:Xiaomanyao.jpg|thumb|left|The mascot of the Canton Tower, Xiaomanyao ({{zh|s=小蛮腰|labels=no|l=Slim Waist}}), was named after the nickname of the tower.]]
There had been a long discussion about the naming of the Canton Tower since the commencement of its construction in 2005 after the groundbreaking ceremony. In September 2020, at the request of the tower's investor, ''Guangzhou Daily'' launched a contest for naming proposals. The contest attracted over {{val|fmt=commas|180000}} valid entries, among which "Haixin Tower" ({{zh|s=海心塔|l=Tower in the Sea|links=no}}) was awarded the first prize. The name alluded to the city's historical setting as the start of the Maritime Silk Road and the tower's geographical proximity to Haixinsha Island. However, this name was considered obscure to people unfamiliar with the history of the city.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=zh:广州新电视塔命名敲定 市民不知"海心"内涵 |url=http://news.dayoo.com/guangzhou/200911/16/73437_11295442.htm |work=Information Times |date=16 November 2009 |language=zh |access-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721172753/http://news.dayoo.com/guangzhou/200911/16/73437_11295442.htm |archive-date=21 July 2011 }}</ref> Local residents continued to refer to the tower by various nicknames including "Slim Waist" ({{zh|s=小蛮腰|links=no}}), "Twisted Firewood" ({{zh|s=扭纹柴|links=no}}; a metaphor for "stubborn" in Cantonese) and "Yangdianfeng" ({{zh|s=羊巅峰|l=Peak of the Ram City|links=no}}; homophone of "epilepsy" in colloquial Chinese).<ref name="gztv"/><ref name="off"/><ref>{{cite news |script-title=zh:从"大裤衩"到"羊巅峰",民众智慧可怕？ |url=http://sp.ycwb.com/2009-09/22/content_2266637.htm |work=YCWB |date=22 September 2010 |language=zh |access-date=27 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724090249/http://sp.ycwb.com/2009-09/22/content_2266637.htm |archive-date=24 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="rogier"/>

The Naming was reconsidered in 2010. After surveying a broad range of public opinions, "Canton Tower" was decided as the official English name and announced at the end of September 2010. The new English name, which alludes to the city's prosperous past, was considered the most identifying and least ambiguous among the multitude of proposals.<ref name="gztv"/><ref name="off"/><ref name="rogier"/><ref>{{cite news|script-title=zh:为地标命名 为城市喝彩 |url=http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2010-09/29/content_1143858.htm |work=Guangzhou Daily |date=29 September 2010 |language=zh |access-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720205248/http://gzdaily.dayoo.com/html/2010-09/29/content_1143858.htm |archive-date=20 July 2011 }}</ref>

== History ==
Canton Tower was constructed by Guangzhou New Television Tower Group. It is designed by the Dutch architects Mark Hemel and Barbara Kuit of Information Based Architecture, together with Arup, the international design, engineering and business consulting firm headquartered in London, United Kingdom. In 2004, Information Based Architecture and Arup won the international competition, in which many internationally large architectural offices participated. The same year the IBA – Arup team in Amsterdam, developed the tower's concept design. In later stages, IBA cooperated mainly with the local Chinese office of Arup and a Local Design Institute. Subsequently, in 2005, the groundbreaking of the Canton Tower took place.<ref name="off"/><ref name="rogier"/>

The tower, although not fully completed, opened to the public on 1 October 2010 in time for the 16th Asian Games, hosted by Guangzhou in November 2010.<ref name="gz2010" /><ref>{{cite web | author=Lotte Haagsma | author2=Piet Vollaard | title=Six years building the tallest TV tower in the world | url=http://www.archined.nl/en/interviews/engels/six-years-building-the-tallest-tv-tower-in-the-world/ | work=Archined | date=11 October 2010 | access-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> The rooftop observatory finally received its official opening in December 2011.<ref name="gztv"/><ref name="off"/><ref name="cc"/>

== Structure and construction ==
The Canton tower's twisted shape or [[Hyperboloid structure|hyperboloid structure]] corresponds to the Russian Empire patent No. 1896, dated 12 March 1899 received by Vladimir Shukhov, the Russian engineer and architect.<ref>{{cite book | last=Graefe | first=Rainer |author2=Šuchov, V. G. | pages=78–103, 177 | title=Vladimir Grigorʹevič Šuchov : 1853–1939; die Kunst der sparsamen Konstruktion | location=Stuttgart  | publisher=Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt | year=1990 | isbn=3-421-02984-9}}</ref> The structure is similar to the [[Engineering:Adziogol Lighthouse|Adziogol Lighthouse]] (designed by Vladimir Shukhov in 1910) in Ukraine's Dnepr delta.<ref name="gztv"/><ref name="off"/><ref name="cc"/><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkRKvvAPezQ Hyperboloid Adziogol Lighthouse by Vladimir Shukhov in Ukraine]</ref>

=== Structural concept ===
[[File:Hyperboloid Shuckhov Tower in Guangzhou during construction.jpg|thumb|left|180px|The tower under construction in November 2007.]]The tower was designed by Information Based Architecture and Arup. The Arup team led by structural engineer Prof. Dr. Joop Paul introduced near mass customization to the joint design, in combination with parametric design methods, and applied a simple structural concept of three elements: columns, rings and braces, to this more complex geometry.<ref name="arup"/><ref name="hemel">{{cite web|title=IBA – Information Based Architecture Mark Hemel + Barbara Kuit|url=http://www.hemel.dircon.co.uk/|publisher=Hemel.dircon.co.uk|access-date=2012-12-31}}</ref><ref name="gztv"/><ref name="off"/>

The waist of the tower contains a {{convert|180|m|abbr=on}} open-air skywalk where visitors can physically climb the tower. There are outdoor gardens set within the structure, and at the top, just above {{convert|450|m|abbr=on}}, a large open-air observation deck.<ref name="arup"/><ref name="gztv"/><ref name="off"/>

The interior of the tower is subdivided into programmatic zones with various functions, including TV and radio [[Engineering:Transmission (telecommunications)|transmission]] facilities, observatory decks, revolving restaurants, computer gaming, restaurants, exhibition spaces, conference rooms, shops, and 4D cinemas.<ref name="arup"/><ref name="gztv"/><ref name="off"/>

A deck at the base of the tower hides the tower's functional workings. All infrastructural connections – metro and bus stations – are situated underground. This level also includes exhibition spaces, a food court, a commercial space, a parking area for cars and coaches. There are two types of elevators: slow-speed panoramic and high-speed double-decker.<ref name="gztv"/><ref name="off"/>

The zone from {{convert|80|to|170|m|abbr=on}} consists of a 4D cinema, a play-hall area, restaurants, coffee shops and outdoor gardens with teahouses. The highest and longest open-air staircase in the world, the Skywalk, starts at the height of {{convert|170|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and spirals almost {{convert|170|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} higher, all the way through the waist. Parts of the skywalk's floors are laid with transparent glass.<ref name="gztv"/><ref name="off"/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Ren|first1=Jielu |script-title=zh:实拍：广州塔蜘蛛侠栈道漫步高空|url=http://travel.southcn.com/l/2011-01/24/content_19532630.htm|website=Southcn|access-date=24 April 2015}}</ref>
[[File:View of Pearl River From Canton Tower.jpg|thumb|View of the Pearl River from Canton Tower]]
The top zone of the tower begins above the stairway, housing various technical functions as well as a two-story rotating restaurant, a [[Physics:Tuned mass damper|tuned mass damper]] and the upper observation levels. From the upper observation levels it is possible to ascend even higher, via a further set of the stairs, to a terraced observation square rising above the tower's top ring.<ref name="gztv"/><ref name="off"/><ref name="cc"/>

==== The twist ====
The form, volume and structure of the towers is generated by two [[Ellipse|ellipse]]s, one at foundation level and the other at a horizontal plane at {{convert|450|m|abbr=on}}. These two ellipses are rotated relative to another. The tightening caused by the rotation between the two ellipses forms a "waist" and a densification of material halfway up the tower. This means that the lattice structure, which at the bottom of the tower is porous and spacious, becomes denser at waist level. The waist itself becomes tight, like a twisted rope; transparency is reduced and views to the outside are limited. Further up the tower the lattice opens again, accentuated here by the tapering of the structural column-tubes.<ref name="gztv"/><ref name="off"/><ref name="cc"/>

=== Rooftop observatory ===
The indoor public observatory is 449 m above the ground, which takes the form of a terraced [[Ellipse|elliptical]] space, roughly half the size of a standard football field. Opened in December 2011, the rooftop at 488 m was the highest and largest outdoor [[Engineering:Observation deck|observation deck]] in the world, taking over the title from the observation deck of Burj Khalifa at 452m.<ref name="GZI">{{cite web |url=http://english.gz.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/gzgoven/s4171/201112/883732.html |title=Cloud Top 488 on Canton Tower Opened to public |publisher=The People`s Government of Guangzhou Municipality |date=19 December 2011 |access-date=23 January 2012 |archive-date=25 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525100156/http://english.gz.gov.cn/publicfiles/business/htmlfiles/gzgoven/s4171/201112/883732.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> This remained the case until 14 October 2014, when the record of highest outdoor observatory was retaken by Burj Khalifa when it opened its new observatory called at the Top – Sky, at a height of 555m.<ref name="GulfNews">{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/business/construction/at-the-top-burj-khalifa-sky-is-world-s-highest-observation-deck-1.1398492|title=At The Top, Burj Khalifa Sky is world's highest observation deck|work=Gulf News|date=14 October 2014 |access-date=12 December 2014}}</ref>

Sixteen transparent "crystal" passenger cars, each with a diameter of {{Convert|3.2|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} and able to carry four to six people, travel on a track round the edge of the tower's roof, taking between 20 and 40 minutes to circumnavigate the rooftop.<ref name="gz2010">{{cite web|title=World's highest ferris wheel coming to Guangzhou |url=http://www.gz2010.cn/09/0318/09/54M8KHNF0078008O.html |publisher=Guangzhou Asian Games Organizing Committee |date=18 March 2009 |access-date=27 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723102606/http://www.gz2010.cn/09/0318/09/54M8KHNF0078008O.html |archive-date=23 July 2011 }}</ref> The installation is described by the media as a [[Engineering:Ferris wheel|Ferris wheel]]; however, its passenger cars are not suspended from the rim of a wheel and remain horizontal without being fully rotated, and the track, which follows the incline of the roof, is closer to the horizontal than the vertical.<ref name="china">{{Cite news |last=Caixiong |first=Zheng |title=Tallest Ferris wheel planned in Guangzhou |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-03/18/content_7590540.htm |work=China Daily |access-date=27 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Tallest Ferris wheel planned |url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/6616344.html |work=People's Daily |access-date=27 July 2011}}</ref>

=== Architectural lighting design ===
At night, the tower glows and emits light, rather than being uplit. Lighting designer Rogier van der Heide is known for this concept, which he also applied at the Marunouchi Building in Tokyo. Each node in the lighting design is individually controllable to allow for animations and color changes across the entire height of the tower. As all lighting is based on LED technology, and all fixtures are located on the structure itself, the lighting scheme consumes only 15% of the allowed maximum for façade lighting.<ref name="arup"/><ref name="rogier">{{cite web|last=Van der Heide |first=Rogier |title=Canton Tower Lighting Inaugurated |url=http://www.rogiervanderheide.com/?p=489 |publisher=Rogiervanderheide.com |access-date=2013-01-01 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315074121/http://www.rogiervanderheide.com/?p=489 |archive-date=15 March 2012 }}</ref>

At the time of the design of Canton Tower, lighting designer Rogier van der Heide was Global Leader of Arup Lighting.<ref name="arup"/><ref name="gztv"/><ref name="off"/><ref name="cc"/><ref name="rogier"/>

== Measurements ==
The Canton Tower's main body stands at {{convert|450|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. Combined with the tower's {{convert|150|m|ft|adj=mid|-long|0|sp=us}} antenna, the Canton Tower has a total height of {{convert|604|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, making it the second tallest tower in the world, second tallest in Asia, and the tallest in the People's Republic of China. The tower has a total of 112 floors.<ref name="great"/><ref name="skyscraper"/>

The Canton Tower weighs a total of {{convert|100000|t|kg|0|abbr=on}}, including the tower's antenna which weighs {{convert|1550|t|kg|0|abbr=on}} and the main body, which includes all the features of the tower, which weighs a total of {{convert|98450|t|kg|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="great"/>

The Canton Tower occupies a total floor area of {{convert|175458|m2|ft2|abbr=on}}. In addition, the tower's net usable area measures {{convert|114054|m2|ft2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="great"/>

== Events ==
[[File:Guangzhou Tower - 2010 Asian Games Opening Ceremony1.jpg|thumb|Fireworks launched off the Canton Tower during the 2010 Asian Games opening ceremony.]]
*In lieu of a traditional stadium setting, the opening ceremonies of the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou were held on Haixinsha Island. The Canton Tower and Pearl River were used as a focal point of the event.<ref name="gztv" /><ref name="off" /><ref name="cc" />
*The Canton Tower hosted an annual Christmas Concert on Christmas Eve inside the tower's ground floor, making it the first concert to be held in the Canton Tower. Celebrated on Christmas Eve, the concert was held on 24 December 2012.<ref name="gztv" /><ref name="off" /><ref name="cc" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Canton Tower Christmas Concert – YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNOeG6FIKhQ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130317235116/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aNOeG6FIKhQ |archive-date=2013-03-17 |url-status=dead|via=YouTube|access-date=2013-01-01}}</ref>

== Geography ==

The Canton Tower is situated alongside the Yiyuan Road (Yuejiang Road West), in the Haizhu District of Guangzhou, and is situated south of the Zhujiang New Town. Additionally, several famous landmarks surround the tower, including pagodas, a park towards the south, and several high-rise apartments, buildings, and skyscrapers, both commercial and residential.

== See also ==
* Cantonese architecture
* 2010 Asian Games
* Guangdong
* Guangzhou
* Guangzhou Broadcasting Network
* Guangzhou TV Tower
* [[Engineering:List of hyperboloid structures|List of hyperboloid structures]]
* List of tallest freestanding structures in the world
* List of tallest towers in the world

== Gallery ==
{{Gallery
| File:Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower.jpg | Canton Tower as viewed from the front entrance of Hongcheng Park.
| File:Canton Tower.jpg | Canton Tower at noon.
| File:Canton Tower(Look up).JPG | Canton Tower early in the afternoon, shot from the ground.
| File:Canton Tower, Guangzhou, CN Lit up at night.jpg | The Canton Tower lit up at night.
| File:CantonTowerfireworks1.jpg | Red fireworks from the Canton Tower during the 2010 Asian Games opening ceremony, hosted in Guangzhou
| File:CantonTowerfireworks3.jpg | Red fireworks coming out from the Canton Tower during the 2010 Asian Games
}}

=== Construction history ===
{{Gallery
| File:GZTVtower2.jpg | February 2007
| File:Hyperboloid Shuckhov Tower in Guangzhou during construction.jpg | November 2007
| File:Guangzhou Tower2008.jpg | August 2008
| File:Guangzhou Tower2009.jpg | June 2009
| File:Guangzhou Tower - 2010 Asian Games Opening Ceremony1.jpg | Post-construction – 2010 Asian Games opening ceremony 
| File:Canton Tower.JPG | Post-construction – March 2011
}}

=== Diagrams ===
{{Gallery
| File:Guangzhou-outline.svg | Outline of the Canton Tower.
| File:TallestBuildings.svg | Diagram of the world's tallest buildings and structures.
| File:Tallest buildings and towers with public viewing facilities.PNG | Diagram of the world's tallest buildings and structures with public observation facilities.
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://gztvtower.info/ Canton Tower official website :: GzTvTower.info]
* {{Osmway|153247238}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-ach|rec}}
{{s-bef|before=CN Tower}}
{{s-ttl|title=World's tallest tower|years= 2010–2012}}
{{s-aft|after=Tokyo Skytree}}
{{S-end}}


[[Category:Hyperboloid structures]]

{{Sourceattribution|Canton Tower}}