View source for Engineering:Cessna 180

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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
 |name= Cessna 180 Skywagon
 |image=cessna.180a.g-btsm.arp.jpg
 |caption=<!--image caption; if it isn't descriptive it should be left blank-->
}}{{Infobox Aircraft Type
 |type=Light [[Engineering:Utility aircraft|utility aircraft]]
 |manufacturer=Cessna Aircraft Company
 |designer=
 |first flight=May 26, 1952
 |introduced=1953
 |retired=
 |status=
 |primary user=
 |more users=
 |produced=1953–1981
 |number built=6,193
 |unit cost=
 |variants with their own articles=Cessna 182<br/>Cessna 185<br />[[Engineering:St-Just Cyclone|St-Just Cyclone]]<br />[[Engineering:St-Just Super-Cyclone|St-Just Super-Cyclone]]
}}
|}

The '''Cessna 180''' is a four- or six-seat, fixed [[Engineering:Conventional landing gear|conventional gear]] general aviation [[Engineering:Airplane|airplane]] which was produced between 1953 and 1981. Though the design is no longer in production, many of these aircraft are still in use as personal aircraft and in utility roles such as bush flying.<ref name="Christy">Christy, Joe ''The Complete Guide to the Single-Engine Cessnas'' 3rd ed, TAB Books, Blue Ridge Summit PA USA, 1979, pp 29–39</ref>

==Development==
[[File:1960Cessna180.jpg|thumb|right|1960 Cessna 180 Skywagon]]

Cessna introduced the heavier and more powerful 180 as a complement to the [[Engineering:Cessna 170|Cessna 170]]. It eventually came to be known as the Skywagon.<ref name="Christy" />

The prototype Cessna 180, N41697, first flew on May 26, 1952. Cessna engineering test pilot William D. Thompson was at the controls.<ref name="Thompson">{{cite web |url=http://www.skywagons.org/180_story.asp?menuID=7~7 |title=The C-180 Story |last=Thompson |first=William D. |publisher=International 180–185 Club |accessdate=2009-04-15 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090529070822/http://www.skywagons.org/180_story.asp?menuID=7~7 |archivedate=2009-05-29 }}</ref>

In all its versions, 6,193 Cessna 180s were manufactured. In 1956, a tricycle gear version of this design was introduced as the Cessna 182, which came to bear the name Skylane. Additionally, in 1960, Cessna introduced a heavier, more powerful sibling to the 180, the conventional gear Cessna 185. For a time, all three versions of the design were in production.<ref name="Christy" />

==Design==

The airframe of the 180 is all-metal, constructed of [[Chemistry:Aluminum|aluminum]] alloy. The fuselage is a [[Engineering:Monocoque#Aircraft|semi-monocoque]] structure, with exterior skin sheets riveted to [[Engineering:Former|former]]s and [[Engineering:Longeron|longeron]]s. The strut-braced wings, likewise, are constructed of exterior skin sheets riveted to spars and ribs. The landing gear of the 180 is in a conventional arrangement, with main gear legs made of spring steel, and a steerable tailwheel mounted on a hollow tapered steel tube.<ref name="Christy" />

Cessna 180s produced between 1953 and 1963 have two side windows, while 1964 to 1981 models feature three side windows, as they use the same fuselage as the Cessna 185. 180s can be equipped with [[Engineering:Floatplane|floats]] and skis.<ref name="Christy" />

==Operational history==

===Record flight===
[[File:Spirit of Columbus in Udvar-Hazy Center, February 2015.JPG|thumb|Jerrie Mock's Cessna 180]]

The Cessna 180 gained recognition as the aircraft chosen by Geraldine Mock, the first woman pilot to successfully fly around the world. The flight was made in 1964 in her 1953 model, the ''Spirit of Columbus'' (N1538C), as chronicled in her book ''Three-Eight Charlie''.<ref name="Mock">Mock, Jerrie: ''Three-Eight Charlie'', First Edition, 1970. {{oclc|97976}}</ref>  The Cessna factory obtained the aircraft and kept it at the Pawnee (Wichita, Kansas) manufacturing plant after the epic flight, suspended from the ceiling over one of the manufacturing lines. It is currently on display at the National Air and Space Museum.

==Variants==
;180
:Four seat high wing light aircraft powered by a {{convert|225|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Continental O-470-A, O-470-J, or a {{convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} O-470-K engine, landplane gross weight {{convert|2550|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and first certified on 23 December 1952.<ref name="5A6">{{cite web|url = http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/417858c7f90969f7862572430064d352/$FILE/5A6.pdf|title = TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET NO. 5A6 Revision 66|accessdate = 2010-03-10|last = Federal Aviation Administration|date = March 2003|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100307121546/http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/417858c7f90969f7862572430064d352/$FILE/5A6.pdf|archive-date = 2010-03-07|url-status = dead}}</ref>
[[File:Cessna180A.jpg|thumb|1957 Cessna 180A on landing]]
;180A
:Four seat high wing light aircraft powered by a {{convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Continental O-470-K, landplane gross weight {{convert|2650|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and first certified on 17 December 1956.<ref name="5A6" />
[[File:Cessna-180B-N5189E.JPG|thumb|1959 Cessna 180B on floats]]
[[File:1959Cessna180B.jpg|right|thumb|1959 Cessna 180B on amphibious floats]]
;{{visible anchor|180B}}
:Four seat high wing light aircraft powered by a {{convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Continental O-470-K, landplane gross weight {{convert|2650|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and first certified on 22 August 1958.<ref name="5A6" />
;{{visible anchor|180C}}
:Four seat high wing light aircraft powered by a {{convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Continental O-470-L or O-470-R, landplane gross weight {{convert|2650|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and first certified on 8 July 1959.<ref name="5A6" />
[[File:Cessna180D.jpg|thumb|1961 Cessna 180D]]
;180D
:Four seat high wing light aircraft powered by a {{convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Continental O-470-L or O-470-R, landplane gross weight {{convert|2650|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and first certified on 14 June 1960.<ref name="5A6" />
;180E
:Four seat high wing light aircraft powered by a {{convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Continental O-470-L or O-470-R, landplane gross weight {{convert|2650|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and first certified on 21 September 1961.<ref name="5A6" />
;180F
:Four seat high wing light aircraft powered by a {{convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Continental O-470-L or O-470-R, landplane gross weight {{convert|2650|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and first certified on 25 June 1962.<ref name="5A6" />
[[File:Cessna180G.jpg|thumb|Cessna 180G with belly cargo pod and tundra tires]]
;180G
:Six seat high wing light aircraft powered by a {{convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Continental O-470-L or O-470-R, landplane gross weight {{convert|2800|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and first certified on 19 July 1963.<ref name="5A6" />
;180H
:Six seat high wing light aircraft powered by a {{convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Continental O-470-L or O-470-R, landplane gross weight {{convert|2800|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and first certified on 17 June 1964.<ref name="5A6" />
;180I
: There was no "I" model Cessna 180.<ref name="5A6" />
;{{Visible anchor|180J}}
:Six seat high wing light aircraft powered by a {{convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Continental O-470-R or O-470-S, landplane gross weight {{convert|2800|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and first certified on 13 October 1972.<ref name="5A6" />
;180K
:Six seat high wing light aircraft powered by a {{convert|230|hp|kW|0|abbr=on}} Continental O-470-U for which AVGAS 100 or 100LL is specified; previous engines were designed for AVGAS 80 (formerly called 80/87), landplane gross weight {{convert|2800|lb|kg|0|abbr=on}} and first certified on 19 August 1976.<ref name="5A6" />

==Operators==

===Civil===
The Cessna 180  is popular with air charter companies and is operated by private individuals and companies.

===Military===
;{{AUS}}  
19 Cessna 180s were in service with both the Australian Army and RAAF from 1959 to 1974.
*{{wipe|Royal Australian Air Force}}
**No. 16 Air Observation Post Flight RAAF<ref>[http://www.airforce.gov.au/raafmuseum/research/aircraft/series2/A98.htm RAAF Museum website Cessna 180 page] retrieved on 9 January 2009.</ref>
*Australian Army Aviation
**No. 16 Army Light Aircraft Flight
**No. 161 (Independent) Reconnaissance Flight – The Australian Army operated a number of Cessna 180s as [[Social:Surveillance aircraft|surveillance aircraft]] with the 161 Reconnaissance Flight (call sign "Possum") during the Vietnam War.<ref name="Aust">{{cite web | url=http://www.161recceflt.org.au/UnitHistory/unit_history.htm | title=Unit History | work=161 Possums of Vietnam | accessdate=2006-09-18 }}</ref>
;{{BUR}}
*{{wipe|Union of Burma Air Force}} - 10 Cessna 180s operated in 1982.<ref name="fiwaf82p1379">{{Harvnb|Gaines|1982|p=1379}}</ref>
;{{ESA}}<ref name="fiwaf96p40">{{Harvnb|Hatch|1996|p=40}}</ref>
;{{GUA}}<ref name="fiwaf96p47">{{Harvnb|Hatch|1996|p=47}}</ref>
;{{HND}}
*{{wipe|Honduran Air Force}}<ref name="fiwaf96p48">{{Harvnb|Hatch|1996|p=48}}</ref>
;{{ISR}}
*{{wipe|Israeli Air Force}}<ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/cessna.html Jewish Virtual Library – Israeli Air Force Cessna 180 page] retrieved on 9 January 2009.</ref>
;{{flag|Khmer Republic}}
*{{wipe|Khmer Air Force}} – operated 2 Cessna 180s.<ref>{{Harvnb|Grandolini|1988|p=39}}</ref>
;{{flagicon|Laos|1952}} Kingdom of Laos
*{{wipe|Royal Lao Air Force}}{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}}
;{{NIC}}<ref name="fiwaf82p1387">{{Harvnb|Gaines|1982|p=1387}}</ref>
;{{PHI}}
*{{wipe|Philippine Air Force}}<ref name="fiwaf96p67">{{Harvnb|Hatch|1996|p=67}}</ref>
;{{THA}}
* Royal Thai Navy{{cn|date=March 2019}}
;{{URU}}
* {{wipe|Uruguayan Air Force}}{{cn|date=March 2019}}

==Specifications (1978 Cessna 180 II landplane)==
{{Aircraft specs
|ref=Cessna<ref name="Cessna1978">Cessna Aircraft Company: ''1978 Cessna Skywagons 180 & 185'', page 10. Cessna Aircraft, Wichita, Kansas 1978. SPA 78009-15</ref><!-- the reference for the data given -->
|prime units?=kts<!-- "imp", "kts" or "met" to display the units in a given order. Without an entry here, no specifications will show -->
<!--
        General characteristics
-->
|genhide=

|crew=one
|capacity=five passengers
|length m=
|length ft=25
|length in=9
|span m=
|span ft=35
|span in=10
|height m=
|height ft=7
|height in=9
|wing area sqm=
|wing area sqft=174
|empty weight kg=
|empty weight lb=1700
|gross weight kg=
|gross weight lb=2800
<!--
        Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=1
|eng1 name=Continental O-470-U
|eng1 type=
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=230<!-- prop engines -->

|prop blade number=2<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop name=constant speed
|prop dia m=<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia ft=6<!-- propeller aircraft -->
|prop dia in=10<!-- propeller aircraft -->

<!--
        Performance
-->
|perfhide=

|max speed kmh=
|max speed mph=
|max speed kts=148
|cruise speed kmh=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed mph=<!-- if max speed unknown -->
|cruise speed kts=142
|stall speed kmh=<!-- aerobatic -->
|stall speed mph=<!-- aerobatic -->
|stall speed kts=48
|range km=
|range miles=
|range nmi=890
|ceiling m=
|ceiling ft=17700
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=1100
|wing loading=16.1
|more performance=

|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent|
|related=
* [[Engineering:Cessna 170|Cessna 170]]
* Cessna 182
* Cessna 185
|similar aircraft=
|lists=
|see also=
}}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

*{{cite magazine |last=Gaines |first=Mike |title=World Air Forces 1982 |magazine=Flight International |date=6 November 1982 |volume=122 |issue=3835 |pages=1327–1388 |issn=0015-3710 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1982/1982%20-%202495.html |accessdate=18 March 2019 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite magazine |last=Hatch |first=Paul F. |title=World Air Forces 1988 |magazine=Flight International |date=3 December 1988 |volume=134 |issue=4142 |pages=22–87 |issn=0015-3710 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1988/1988%20-%203428.html |accessdate=18 March 2019 |ref=harv}}
*{{cite magazine |last=Grandolini |first=Albert |title=L'Aviation Royale Khmere: The first 15 years of Cambodian military aviation |magazine=Air Enthusiast |date=September–December 1988 |issue=Thirty-seven |pages=39–47 |issn=0143-5450 |ref=harv}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20041107090429/http://www.nasm.si.edu/research/aero/aircraft/cessna180.htm National Air and Space Museum exhibit of Jerry Mock's Cessna 180, "Spirit of Columbus"]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060316183859/http://www.three-eightcharlie.com/nasm.html FAA N1538C "Spirit of Columbus" Returns to Public Display at the NASM's Steven Udvar-Hazy Center]


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[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]
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{{Sourceattribution|Cessna 180|1}}