View source for Engineering:Chengdu J-10

{{short description|Chinese multi-role fighter aircraft family}}
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
 |name = J-10 Vigorous Dragon
 |image = File:J-10B with PL-10 and PL-12.jpg
 |caption = A J-10B carrying PL-8 and PL-12 [[Engineering:Air-to-air missile|air-to-air missile]]s
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
 |type = Multirole combat aircraft
 |national origin = China
 |manufacturer = Chengdu Aircraft Industry Group
 |first flight = 23 March 1998<ref name="jczs">{{Cite news | author = Wang Jieqing | title = J-10 Fighter Test Flight Process Secret Revealed | publisher = Southern Weekend | url = http://jczs.news.sina.com.cn/p/2007-01-04/1154424536.html | access-date = 4 January 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070321014758/http://jczs.news.sina.com.cn/p/2007-01-04/1154424536.html | archive-date = 21 March 2007 | url-status = live}}</ref>
 |design group = [[Organization:Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute|Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute]]
 |introduced = 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/japans-f-2-vs-chinas-j-10-who-wins-14056|title = Japan's F-2 vs. China's Lethal J-10 Fighter: Who Wins?|date = 13 October 2015}}</ref>
 |retired = 
 |status = In service
 |primary user = {{wipe|People's Liberation Army Air Force}}
 |more users = {{wipe|People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force}}<br/>{{wipe|Pakistan Air Force}}
 |produced = 2002 – present<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/j-10.htm |title=Chengdu J-10 (Jian-10, Fighter aircraft-10 / F-10) |publisher=globalsecurity.org |access-date=23 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018041414/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/j-10.htm |archive-date=18 October 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | number built = 602+ as of 2022<ref name="IISS_2023">{{Cite book|work=The International Institute for Strategic Studies|title=The Military Balance 2023|date=15 February 2023 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |chapter=6 Asia |isbn=9781003400226 |doi=10.4324/9781003400226 |last1=For Strategic Studies (Iiss) |first1=The International Institute |s2cid=256916955 }}</ref>
 |developed from = 
 |variants with their own articles = 
}}
|}

The '''Chengdu J-10 Vigorous Dragon''' ({{zh|s=歼-10 猛龙|p=Jiān-10 Měnglóng}}; NATO reporting name: '''Firebird'''<ref name="oni_navy">{{cite web|url= https://www.oni.navy.mil/Portals/12/Intel%20agencies/China_Media/China_Equipment.pdf?ver=2015-12-10-103822-400 |title=Chinese Equipment Guide |website=US Navy Intelligence Office}}</ref><ref name="janes_pak_induct">{{cite web |last1=Jennings |first1=Gareth |title=Pakistan receives first J-10 fighters from China |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/pakistan-receives-first-j-10-fighters-from-china |website=Janes |date=11 March 2022 |access-date=23 June 2022}}</ref>), is a medium-weight, single-engine, multirole combat aircraft capable of all-weather operations, configured with a [[Engineering:Delta wing|delta wing]] and [[Engineering:Canard (aeronautics)|canard]] design,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aviationearth.com/Theory/deltawing.html |title=Delta Wing |access-date=24 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705221513/http://aviationearth.com/Theory/deltawing.html |archive-date=5 July 2008 }}</ref> with [[Fly-by-wire|fly-by-wire]] flight controls, and produced by the Chengdu Aircraft Corporation (CAC) for the {{wipe|People's Liberation Army Air Force}} (PLAAF), {{wipe|Pakistan Air Force}} (PAF) and {{wipe|People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force}} (PLANAF). The J-10 is mainly designed for air-to-air combat, but can also perform strike missions.

== Development ==

[[File:17.08.21-aviadarts-1200-J10B-3.jpg|thumb|PLAAF ground crew preparing a J-10B for the Aviadarts-2021 international competition]]

In 1981, PLAAF Commander Zhang Tingfa submitted a proposal to [[Biography:Deng Xiaoping|Deng Xiaoping]] for the development of a third-generation fighter for {{Currency|500 million|CNY|passthrough=yes}}; it was accepted later that year by the Central Military Commission (CMC). It was the first Chinese aircraft program to incorporate modern development and acquisition processes.<ref name="sitc_2">''Research, Development, and Acquisition'', page 2</ref> In one departure from the past, the supplier was now responsible directly to the customer; this allowed the PLAAF to communicate its requirements and ensure they were met; previously suppliers were responsible to their managing agency, which could produce products that failed to meet end user requirements.<ref name="sitc_2"/> Another difference was the selection of a design through competition, rather than allocating a project to an institute and using whatever design that institute created.<ref name="sitc_3">''Research, Development, and Acquisition'', page 3</ref>

Design proposals were made by the three major aircraft design institutes. [[Organization:Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute|Shenyang]]'s proposal was based on its cancelled J-13 with a [[Engineering:General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|F-16]]-like strake-wing. Hongdu's proposal was [[Engineering:Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23|MiG-23]]/[[Engineering:Sukhoi Su-24|Su-24]]-like with [[Engineering:Variable-sweep wing|variable-sweep wing]]. [[Organization:Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute|Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute]]'s (CADI) proposal was a [[Engineering:Saab 37 Viggen|Saab 37 Viggen]]-like design based on its cancelled [[Engineering:Chengdu J-9|J-9]].<ref name="sitc_3"/> CADI's proposal was selected in February 1984. The following month, CADI and Chengdu Fighter Factory were formally directed to develop and manufacture the aircraft, respectively.<ref name="casi_lumbering_61">''Lumbering Forward'', page 61</ref> Song Wencong (宋文骢) became chief designer.<ref name="casi_lumbering_62">''Lumbering Forward'', page 62</ref>

The engine was selected during the design proposal stage.<ref name="sitc_2"/> Candidates were an improved [[Engineering:Woshan WS-6|Woshan WS-6]], the WP-15, or a new engine. The new engine, ultimately the [[Engineering:Shenyang WS-10|Shenyang WS-10]], was chosen in 1983.<ref name="casi_aeroengine_26">''China’s Aeroengine Industry'', page 26</ref>

The State Council and the CMC approved the program in 1986,<ref name="casi_lumbering_61"/><ref name="sitc_2"/> code-naming it "No. 10 Project".<ref name="casi_lumbering_61"/> Interest waned in the following years which constrained funding and prolonged development. The Gulf War renewed interest and brought adequate resourcing.<ref name="sitc_4">''Research, Development, and Acquisition'', page 4</ref> Unlike earlier programs, the J-10 avoided crippling [[Social:Scope creep|requirement creep]].<ref name="sitc_4"/>

Technical development was slow and difficult. The J-10 represented a higher level of complexity than earlier generations of Chinese aircraft. About 60% of the aircraft required new technology and parts, instead of - according to Chengdu - the usual 30% for new aircraft; the high proportion reflected both requirements and limited domestic capability.<ref name="casi_lumbering_62"/> Development and modernization of China's aviation industry occurred alongside the J-10;<ref name="casi_lumbering_62"/><ref name="sitc_4"/> the program was an early Chinese user of digital design, modelling, and testing<ref name="casi_lumbering_41">''Lumbering Forward'', page 41</ref> including [[Engineering:Computer-aided design|computer-aided design]] (CAD) and [[Computational fluid dynamics|computational fluid dynamics]].<ref name="casi_lumbering_62"/> The J-10 was the first Chinese aircraft to make major use of CAD for its structural design,<ref name="casi_lumbering_62"/> allowing the detailed design to be completed in 1994.<ref name="casi_lumbering_41"/><ref name="casi_lumbering_61"/> The hydraulics system was tested with physical models because of limited digital modelling capabilities.<ref name="casi_lumbering_62"/>

The first J-10 was assembled in June 1997.<ref name="casi_lumbering_61"/> Lei Qiang flew the first flight<ref name="casi_lumbering_62"/> on 23 March 1998;<ref name="jczs"/> Lei was chosen for his experience with modern, foreign, third-generation aircraft.<ref name="casi_lumbering_62"/> PLA training units received the J-10 ahead of schedule starting in 2003.<ref name="casi_lumbering_62"/> Weapons tests occurred in the fall of that year.<ref name="casi_lumbering_63">''Lumbering Forward'', page 63</ref> The design was finalized in 2004.<ref name="casi_lumbering_61"/> Rumors of crashes during flight testing were actually mishaps related to the AL-31 engine.<ref name="dragonwings">Rupprecht, Andreas, 2013. ''Dragon's Wings''. Birmingham: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd.</ref>

The J-10 became operational in 2006.<ref name="casi_lumbering_61"/> It was officially unveiled by the Chinese government in January 2007, when photographs were published by Xinhua News Agency.<ref name="dragonwings"/>

The [[Organization:Chaplygin Siberian Scientific Research Institute Of Aviation|Siberian Aeronautical Research Institute]] (SibNIA) from {{wipe|Russia}} was involved in the program by 2016. According to SibNIA, it was only observing and instructing as "scientific guides".<ref name="sibnia">{{cite web| title = SibNIA remains center of Russian innovation| year = 2007| url = https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/2006-11-15/sibnia-remains-center-russian-innovation| access-date = 25 June 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140201221135/http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/farnborough-air-show/2006-11-15/sibnia-remains-center-russian-innovation| archive-date = 1 February 2014| url-status = live}}</ref>

According to the images posted by China National Radio of a PLAAF live-firing exercise at an unspecified location in May 2021, J-10C Vigorous Dragons were equipped with distinctive exhaust nozzles of the WS-10B Taihang turbofan engine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/defence/chinas-j-10-comes-of-age-with-indigenous-engine/143852.article |title=China's J-10 comes of age with indigenous engine |website=flightglobal |date=21 May 2021 |first=Greg |last=Waldron}}</ref> This marks the first time the WS-10 has been officially seen on an operational J-10.<ref>{{cite web|last=Yeo|first=Mike|date=2021-05-11|title=China fields J-10 jets powered by homemade engine|url=https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2021/05/11/china-fields-j-10-jets-powered-by-homemade-engine/|access-date=2021-05-11|website=Defense News|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Disputed origins ===

In 1988 Israel's defense minister denied a report by ''The Sunday Times'' that Israel and China had agreed to develop a fighter derived from the [[Engineering:IAI Lavi|IAI Lavi]], a project based on the F-16.<ref name="Haaretz 2022" >{{cite news |title=Pakistan Purchases Chinese Jets Based on Scrapped Israeli Lavi Fighter |url=https://www.haaretz.com/world-news/asia-and-australia/pakistan-purchases-chinese-jets-based-on-scrapped-israeli-lavi-fighter-1.10510613 |newspaper=Haaretz |access-date=5 January 2022}}</ref> In 2006, Russia's SibNIA engineers believed that the J-10 was "more or less a version" of the Lavi, incorporating "a melting pot of foreign technology and acquired design methods... but there are a number of other pieces of other aircraft or technologies that are part of the configuration that they have acquired from different sources."<ref name="sibnia" /> In 2008, Janes claimed that the J-10 benefited from technical information from the Israeli project, citing senior Russian engineers who said they had heard this from Chinese colleagues.<ref>Hewson, Robert. [http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jdw/jdw080519_2_n.shtml "Chinese J-10 'benefited from the Lavi project'".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526183625/http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jdw/jdw080519_2_n.shtml |date=26 May 2008 }} ''Jane's,'' 19 May 2008.</ref>

The Chinese assert J-10's features claimed to be from the Lavi are from the manufacturer's own previous aircraft design, for example attributing the J-10's Lavi-like double canard configuration to Chengdu's work on the cancelled J-9<ref name="sitc_3" /> of the 1960s and 1970s;<ref name="casi_lumbering_61" /> this view is supported by Song Wencong,<ref>{{cite web | title = Exclusive Interview with J-10 General Designer Song Wencong | year = 2007 | url = http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20070105/13858504.html | access-date = 6 January 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090124001540/http://military.china.com/zh_cn/news/568/20070105/13858504.html | archive-date = 24 January 2009 | url-status = dead}}</ref> who worked on the J-9 and became the J-10's chief designer,<ref name="casi_lumbering_62" /> and PLAAF Major General Zhang Weigang.<ref>{{cite web|title=少将驳斥"战机抄袭论"：歼-10源自于歼-9 |year=2012 |url=http://www.hrjs.net/article/zhongguo/2012/0309/681.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127021737/http://www.hrjs.net/article/zhongguo/2012/0309/681.html |archive-date=27 January 2013}}</ref>

== Design ==

The J-10 was designed and developed by the Chengdu Aircraft Design Institute (CADI), a subsidiary of Chengdu Aircraft Corporation.

=== Airframe ===

The airframe is constructed from metal alloys and [[Chemistry:Composite material|composite material]]s for high strength and low weight, the [[Engineering:Airframe|airframe]]'s aerodynamic layout adopts a "tail-less canard delta" [[Engineering:Wing configuration|wing configuration]]. A large [[Engineering:Delta wing|delta wing]] is mid-mounted towards the rear of the [[Engineering:Fuselage|fuselage]], while a pair of [[Engineering:Canard (aeronautics)|canards (or foreplanes)]] are mounted higher up and towards the front of the fuselage, behind and below the cockpit. This configuration provides very high agility, especially at low speeds, and also reduces stall speed, allowing for a lower airspeed during instrument approaches. A large vertical tail is present on top of the fuselage and small ventral fins underneath the fuselage provide further stability.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}

On J-10A, a rectangular air intake ramp and a splitter plate are located underneath the fuselage, providing the air supply to the engine.<ref name="janes_2019-11-22"/> Newer variants, including J-10B and J-10C use a diverterless intake that does not require a splitter plate, and may reduce radar cross signature.<ref name="janes_2019-11-22"/> Under the fuselage and wings are 11 hardpoints, used for carrying various types of weaponry and drop-tanks containing extra fuel. The retractable undercarriage comprises a steerable pair of nose-wheels underneath the air intake and two main gear wheels towards the rear of the fuselage.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}

[[File:China airforce J-10.jpg|thumb|PLAAF J-10AY of the August 1st aerobatics team]]

The cockpit is covered by a two-piece bubble canopy providing 360 degrees of visual coverage for the pilot. The canopy lifts upwards to permit cockpit entry and exit. The controls take the form of a conventional centre stick and a throttle stick located to the left of the pilot. These also incorporate "hands on throttle and stick" ([[Engineering:HOTAS|HOTAS]]) controls.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}} A zero-zero [[Engineering:Ejection seat|ejection seat]] is provided for the pilot, permitting safe ejection in an emergency even at zero altitude and zero speed.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}

Due to the J-10's [[Physics:Relaxed stability|aerodynamically unstable]] design, a digital quadruplex-redundant [[Fly-by-wire|fly-by-wire]] (FBW) flight control system (FCS) aids the pilot in flying the aircraft. The FCS typically monitors pilot control inputs, preventing the pilot from accidentally exiting the flight envelope from applying too much control input during high performance flight situations.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}} This is critical in canard wing aircraft, as they are capable of turning in a much tighter radius than conventional aircraft. The massive control surfaces are capable of moving so far that they can completely destroy the aircraft in flight at high airspeeds if not kept in check by the FCS.{{Citation needed|date=November 2013}}

=== Avionics ===

The cockpit has three liquid crystal (LCD) [[Engineering:Multi-function display|Multi-function display]]s (MFD) along with a Chinese developed holographic [[Head-up display|head-up display]] (HUD), all of which are fully compatible with a domestic Chinese advanced [[Engineering:Helmet-mounted display|helmet mounted sight (HMS)]], claimed by Chinese to be superior to the HMS on the [[Engineering:Sukhoi Su-27|Sukhoi Su-27]] sold to China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hynews.zjol.com.cn/hynews/system/2010/11/13/012886930_02.shtml|title=中国第四代先进战机机头及座舱亮相珠海航展(图)-吊舱,头盔瞄准具,航电系统,凤凰网,凤凰新媒体-黄岩新闻网|access-date=4 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121205752/http://hynews.zjol.com.cn/hynews/system/2010/11/13/012886930_02.shtml|archive-date=21 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://club.mil.news.sina.com.cn/viewthread.php?tid=7300&page=1|title=这个是歼10战机飞行员头盔瞄准具吗？|author=sina UI Team|access-date=4 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122001029/http://club.mil.news.sina.com.cn/viewthread.php?tid=7300&page=1|archive-date=22 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Radar ===

According to Chengdu Aircraft Corporation officials the J-10 uses a multi-mode fire-control radar designed in China. The radar has a mechanically scanned [[Engineering:Planar array|planar array]] antenna and is capable of tracking 10 targets. Of the 10 targets tracked, 2 can be engaged simultaneously with [[Engineering:Semi-active radar homing|semi-active radar homing]] missiles or 4 can be engaged with [[Engineering:Active radar homing|active radar homing]] missiles.<ref name="sinodefence.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/fighter/j10.asp |title=Jian-10 (J-10, F-10) Multirole Fighter Aircraft |publisher=SinoDefence.com |access-date=21 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301235212/http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/fighter/j10.asp |archive-date=1 March 2010 }}</ref>

For J-10B, the nose cone is modified to accommodate an [[Engineering:Active electronically scanned array|active phased array airborne radar]] (AESA) radar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinonet.org/news/military/2011-12-27/178695.html|title=歼10B有源相控阵雷达曝光 配置与美军一致(组图)|access-date=4 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206060632/http://www.sinonet.org/news/military/2011-12-27/178695.html|archive-date=6 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.liangjian.com/news/201112/6344_5.html|title=网曝中国空军歼10B机载雷达照 与美战机类似引热议|access-date=4 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206054535/http://www.liangjian.com/news/201112/6344_5.html|archive-date=6 February 2015}}</ref> The general designer of AESA for J-10B is Mr. Zhang Kunhui (张昆辉, 1963 -), the head of 607 Research Institute in Neijiang, Sichuan.  Mr. Zhang Kunhui became the deputy head of 607th Research Institute in 1997, and four years later in 2001, he became the head of the institute, when the AESA program for J-10B started. The primary contractor of this AESA is the Radar and Electronic Equipment Research Academy of [[Company:Aviation Industry Corporation of China|Aviation Industry Corporation of China]] located in Sichuan, formed in March 2004 by combining the 607th Research Institute and 171st Factory together with Mr. Zhang Kunhui was named as the head of the research academy.  According to Chinese governmental media, the AESA for J-10B took 8 years to develop, finally completed in 2008, and Chinese fighter radars hence achieved a quantum leap in that it went from mechanically scanned planar slotted array directly into AESA, skipping the passive [[Engineering:Phased array|phased array]] [[Engineering:Passive electronically scanned array|PESA radar]].<ref>[http://www.cannews.com.cn/2009/0322/5774.html "创新超越促发展--记中航工业雷电院长张昆辉"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308080234/http://www.cannews.com.cn/2009/0322/5774.html |date=8 March 2013 }} ''cannews.com.cn'' 14 January 2013</ref> Many suspected the radar is a PESA, but during its brief debuts in the 7th China International Defense Electronics Exhibition (CIDEX) in May 2010 and the 6th International Conference on Radar held in [[Place:Beijing|Beijing]] in Sept 2011, Chinese official sources have claimed it is an AESA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fxingw.com/wwjx/2012-05-14/22032.html|title=中国歼-10B相控阵雷达首次曝光：达世界先进水平 - 复兴网|access-date=4 February 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206045148/http://www.fxingw.com/wwjx/2012-05-14/22032.html|archive-date=6 February 2015}}</ref>

=== Propulsion ===

[[File:Chengdu 10.jpg|thumb|A J-10 powered by an AL-31FN turbofan engine]]

The J-10 is powered by a single [[Engineering:Turbofan|turbofan]]. The J-10A entered production with the Russian Salyut [[Engineering:Saturn AL-31|AL-31]]FN.<ref name="janes_2019-11-22">{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Reuben F. |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/dubai-airshow-2019-chinas-chengdu-promotes-j-10c-export-variant |title=Dubai Airshow 2019: China's Chengdu promotes J-10C export variant |date=22 November 2019 |website=Janes |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref> The initial version generated a maximum static thrust of {{cvt|12,500|kgf|kN lbf|lk=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.salut.ru/ViewTopic.php?Id=654 |title=AL-31FN |publisher=Salyut |language=ru |access-date=12 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008102944/http://www.salut.ru/ViewTopic.php?Id=654 |archive-date=8 October 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In December 2013, Salyut reported it was testing an upgraded AL-31FN Series 3 for China with 250 hours more life and 1000&nbsp;kg/f more thrust; the Series 3 would be equipped on the improved J-10B.<ref name="janes_2020-03-05">{{cite web |last1=Ju |first1=Juan |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/images-suggest-china-has-begun-fitting-indigenous-ws10-engine-into-j-10c-fighters |title=Images suggest China has begun fitting indigenous WS10 engine into J-10C fighters |date=5 March 2020 |website=Janes |access-date=20 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.salut.ru/ViewTopic.php?Id=2189 |title=FSUE "Gas-Turbine Engineering RPC "Salut" has successfully completed the first phase of engine longevity and performance bench tests in view of future deliveries of a new version of AL-31FN Series 3. |website=Salut |date=24 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109183858/http://www.salut.ru/ViewTopic.php?Id=2189 |archive-date=9 January 2014 |access-date=24 December 2013}}</ref> Compared to the original Lyulka-Saturn AL-31F, the AL-31FN was fitted to the J-10 by rotating the gearbox and accessory pack to the underside.<ref name="janes_2019-11-22"/>

The J-10s intended engine is the Chinese Shenyang WS-10. The WS-10 suffered development difficulties and production of the aircraft went ahead with the Salyut AL-31FN as a substitute.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wood |first1=Peter |last2=Stewart |first2=Robert |date=26 September 2019 |title=China's Aviation Industry: Lumbering Forward |url=https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/Books/Lumbering_Forward_Aviation_Industry_Web_2019-08-02.pdf?ver=2019-08-05-102041-830 |publisher=United States Air Force Air University China Aerospace Studies Institute |page=32 |isbn=978-1082740404 |access-date=20 September 2020 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628053922/https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/Books/Lumbering_Forward_Aviation_Industry_Web_2019-08-02.pdf?ver=2019-08-05-102041-830 |url-status=dead }}</ref> A pre-production J-10C flew with a WS-10 at the 2018 China International Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition; the engine nozzle was modified for stealth and [[Engineering:Thrust vectoring|thrust vectoring]] (TVC).<ref name="janes_2019-11-22"/> In March 2020, a video from Chinese state media showed a J-10C in PLAAF livery equipped with the WS-10B;<ref name="janes_2020-03-05"/> WS-10B-powered aircraft were in service by November 2021.<ref name="janes_2021-11-23">{{cite web |last1=Giovanzanti |first1=Alessandra |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/plaaf-25th-air-brigade-now-operates-j-10c-multirole-fighters |title=PLAAF 25th Air Brigade now operates J-10C multirole fighters |date=23 November 2021 |website=Janes |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref>

=== Weaponry and external loads ===

The aircraft's internal armament consists of a [[Engineering:Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23|Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23]] twin-barrel [[Engineering:Autocannon|cannon]], located underneath the port side of the intake. Other weaponry and equipment is mounted externally on 11 hardpoints, to which {{cvt|5,600|kg}} of either missiles and bombs, drop-tanks containing fuel, or other equipment such as avionics pods can be attached.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}

Air-to-air missiles deployed may include short-range [[Engineering:Air-to-air missile|air-to-air missile]]s such as the PL-8 and PL-10 (on J-10C), medium-range radar-guided air-to-air missiles such as the PL-12 and PL-15 (on J-10C), unguided and precision guided munitions such as laser-guided bombs, [[Engineering:Air-to-surface missile|air-to-surface missile]] such as KD-88,<ref name="missile"/> [[Engineering:Anti-ship missile|anti-ship missile]]s such as the YJ-91A,<ref name="missile"/> and anti-radiation missiles such as the YJ-91.<ref name="missile"/>

== Operational history ==

=== China ===

[[File:中国空军八一飞行表演队 六机三角编队 2010.jpg|thumb|August 1st aerobatics team]]

The first aircraft were delivered to the 13th Test Regiment on 23 February 2003. The aircraft was declared 'operational' in December of the same year, after 18 years in development.<ref name="jczs" /><ref name="sinodefense">{{cite web|title=Sinodefence.com: J-10 Multirole Fighter Aircraft |access-date=9 April 2007 |url=http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/fighter/j10.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329052709/http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/fighter/j10.asp |archive-date=29 March 2007 }}</ref>

The J-10C entered combat service in April 2018.<ref>{{cite web |editor=ZX |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/16/c_137115186.htm |title=China's fighter jet J-10C begins combat duty |publisher=Xinhuanet |date=16 April 2018 |access-date=28 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180429092230/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-04/16/c_137115186.htm |archive-date=29 April 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Pakistan ===

Negotiations for acquisitions for J-10A were started in 2006 when offered by China,<ref>{{cite news|title=Pakistan will stand by China against US 'siege', says Rashid|url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006/02/23/story_23-2-2006_pg7_50|access-date=8 September 2013|newspaper=Daily Times (Pakistan)|date=23 February 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080203082312/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%2F02%2F23%2Fstory_23-2-2006_pg7_50|archive-date=3 February 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=DefNewz3>{{cite news|last=Ansari|first=Usman|title=China Officially Offers Pakistan J-10 Variant |url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20110803/DEFSECT01/108030311/China-Officially-Offers-Pakistan-J-10-Variant|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20120131150712/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20110803/DEFSECT01/108030311/China-Officially-Offers-Pakistan-J-10-Variant|url-status=dead|archive-date=31 January 2012|access-date=8 September 2013|publisher=Defense News|date=3 August 2011}}</ref> but negotiations persisted into 2012 with the offer of the J-10B.<ref>{{cite news|title=J-10B fighter planes, 6 marines for Pakistan as Cino-Pak talks underway and lead to pakistan acquiring 100 j-10 and f16 super hornets|url=http://www.thenewstribe.com/2012/03/22/j-10-fighter-planes-6-marines-for-pakistan-as-cino-pak-talks-underway/|access-date=10 September 2013|publisher=The News Tribe|date=22 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130914205016/http://www.thenewstribe.com/2012/03/22/j-10-fighter-planes-6-marines-for-pakistan-as-cino-pak-talks-underway/|archive-date=14 September 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> 

In September 2020, it was reported that Pakistan was interested in the J-10C.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Srinjoy |title=Pakistan reaches out to China for more fighter jets and missiles |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/international/article/pakistan-reaches-out-to-china-for-more-fighters-and-missiles/648512 |website=Times Now |date=6 September 2020 |access-date=4 February 2021}}</ref> In December 2021, Pakistan announced the purchase of 25 J-10CEs, with an option for 11 more; they were expected to enter service in March 2022.<ref name="indiatoday_pak">{{cite web |last1=Kumar |first1=Ankit |title=Pakistan confirms raising squadron of Chinese J-10C in response to India's Rafale jets |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/pakistan-confirms-raising-squadron-of-chinese-j-10c-in-response-to-india-s-rafale-jets-1893852-2021-12-29 |website=India Today |date=29 December 2021 |access-date=29 December 2021}}</ref><ref name="paktoday_announce">{{cite web |title=Pakistan acquires squadron of elite J-10C fighter: reports |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2021/12/30/pakistan-acquires-squadron-of-elite-j-10c-fighter-reports/ |website=Pakistan Today |date=30 December 2021 |access-date=6 January 2022}}</ref> On 4 March 2022, the first batch of 6 J-10CEs for the {{wipe|Pakistan Air Force}} (PAF) landed at PAF Base Minhas (Kamra) after a ferry flight from Chengdu, China.<ref name="samaaenglish1">{{cite web |url=https://www.samaaenglish.tv/news/2022/03/pakistan-receives-first-batch-of-chinas-j-10-fighter-jets/ |title=Pakistan receives first batch of China's J-10CE fighter jets - SAMAA |publisher=Samaaenglish.tv |date= |accessdate=2022-03-14 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> They were officially inducted into the PAF's No. 15 Squadron ''Cobras'' based at PAF Base Minhas on 11 March 2022.<ref name="janes_pak_induct"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2347447/multi-role-j-10c-fighter-jets-inducted-into-paf-fleet | title=Multi-role J-10C fighter jets inducted into PAF fleet | date=11 March 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1679529 | title=Six China-made J-10C jets inducted into PAF | date=12 March 2022 }}</ref>

On 18 January 2024, Pakistan launched a series of air and artillery strikes inside Iran, targeting Baloch separatist groups, multiple JF-17C and Wing Loong II drones escorted by J-10CE launched attacks against BLA and BLF militant groups with GIDS B-REK Glidebombs. 9 People were killed in the attack.<ref>https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/explained-which-weapons-were-used-how-exactly-did-pakistan-carry-out-airstrikes-in-iran-681328</ref>

=== Exports to other countries ===

In 2009, AVIC planned to offer the J-10 and the CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder for export. Flightglobal speculated an upgraded J-10B would be offered.<ref name="fg_avic_sales">Siva Govindasamy, [http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/09/30/332905/chinas-avic-steps-up-sales-push-for-fc-1-j-10-fighters.html "China's AVIC steps up sales push for FC-1, J-10 fighters"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003034929/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/09/30/332905/chinas-avic-steps-up-sales-push-for-fc-1-j-10-fighters.html |date=3 October 2009 }}, ''Flight International'', Retrieved: 2 October 2009</ref>

In 2023, Saudi Arabia is in talks with China to potentially buy J-10C fighter jets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-24 |title=China said to be negotiating arms deals with Saudi Arabia and Egypt |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3221715/china-said-be-negotiating-arms-deals-saudi-arabia-and-egypt |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> [[Place:Egypt|Egypt]] has also expressed interest in purchasing 12 J-10C jets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Military Watch Magazine |url=https://militarywatchmagazine.com/article/saudi-china-j10c-drone-classes |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=militarywatchmagazine.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Honrada |first=Gabriel |date=2023-05-26 |title=China seizing US arms markets in the Middle East |url=https://asiatimes.com/2023/05/china-seizing-us-arms-markets-in-the-middle-east/ |access-date=2023-06-17 |website=Asia Times |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Variants ==

[[File:Зачетные полеты участников конкурса «Авиадартс» (п. Чанчунь, КНР) (5).jpg|thumb|A J-10S operated by the Chinese Air Force, attending a military exercise in Russia.]]

* '''J-10A''': Single seat variant. The export designation is '''F-10A'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/04/13/205968/pakistan-approves-purchase-of-lockheed-martin-f-16s-and-chengdu-j-10.html |title=Pakistan approves purchase of Lockheed Martin F-16s and Chengdu J-10 fighters-13 April 2006-Washington DC-Flight International |publisher=Flightglobal.com |date=13 April 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213041834/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/04/13/205968/pakistan-approves-purchase-of-lockheed-martin-f-16s-and-chengdu-j-10.html |archive-date=13 December 2009 |url-status=live }}</ref> or '''FC-20'''.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-02/18/content_23529890.htm |title=PLA's fighter jets go up for sale |last=Lei |first=Zhao |publisher=China Daily |date=18 February 2016 |access-date=19 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219064234/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-02/18/content_23529890.htm |archive-date=19 February 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''J-10AH''': Naval version of J-10A.
* '''J-10AY''': Acrobatics variant of J-10A.<ref name="drive_2303">{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/the-j-10-changed-chinas-fighter-game-25-years-ago |title=The J-10 Changed China’s Fighter Game 25 Years Ago |website=The Drive |date=29 March 2023 |first=Oliver |last=Parken }}</ref>
* '''J-10S''': Tandem-seated trainer variant of J-10A.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Sinocanard.html#mozTocId283408 |title=J-10S Dual Seat Variant |date=10 July 2007 |publisher=Air Power Australia |access-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804201412/http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-Sinocanard.html#mozTocId283408 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |url-status=live |last1=Kopp |first1=Carlo |pages=1 }}</ref>
* '''J-10SH''': Naval version of J-10S.
* '''J-10B''': An upgraded J-10, initially identified as "Super-10".<ref name="Ivanov_2006-01-09">{{citation |first=Henry |last=Ivanov |url=http://www.janes.com/defence/air_forces/news/jdw/jdw060109_2_n.shtml |title=China working on "Super-10" advanced fighter |publisher=Janes Defence World|date=9 January 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060111084552/http://www.janes.com/defence/air_forces/news/jdw/jdw060109_2_n.shtml |archive-date=11 January 2006}}</ref> It features a lighter and stealthier diverterless supersonic inlet, a longer nose radome possibly housing an [[Engineering:Active electronically scanned array|active electronically scanned array]] radar, an electro-optic targeting sensor ([[Physics:Infra-red search and track|IRST]], and laser rangefinder,) and a new electronic warning or countermeasures pod atop the vertical stabiliser.<ref name="Weening_2014-10-09">{{cite web |last1=Weening |first1=Alexander |last2=Hardy |first2=James |url=http://www.janes.com/article/44376/new-pictures-of-j-10b-revealed |title=New pictures of J-10B revealed |publisher=IHS Jane's 360 |date=9 October 2014 |access-date=6 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429095330/http://www.janes.com/article/44376/new-pictures-of-j-10b-revealed |archive-date=29 April 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> The aircraft is powered by the [[Engineering:Saturn AL-31|AL-31FN M1]];<ref name="Weening_2014-10-09"/> one unit was flown with a WS-10A in July 2011 but that engine was not selected for the initial production batch.<ref name="janes_2015-05-05">{{cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/47815/images-suggest-j-10bs-close-to-entering-chinese-service |title=Images suggest J-10Bs close to entering Chinese service |last1=Fisher |first1=Richard D. Jr. |date=12 January 2015 |website=janes.com |access-date=25 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150430160300/http://www.janes.com/article/47815/images-suggest-j-10bs-close-to-entering-chinese-service |archive-date=30 April 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> The aircraft's first flight occurred no later than December 2008.<ref name="janes_2009-03-23">{{cite news|url=http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jdw/jdw090323_1_n.shtml |title=New J-10 Variant sighted |publisher=Janes Defence News |date=23 March 2009 |access-date=23 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326051109/http://www.janes.com/news/defence/jdw/jdw090323_1_n.shtml |archive-date=26 March 2009}}</ref>
* '''J-10B TVC Demonstrator''': A prototype fighter based on J-10B that is equipped with WS-10B thrust-vectoring control engine. The fighter has [[Social:Supermaneuverability|supermaneuverability]], capable of performing Cobra maneuver.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/j-10b-tvc-wows-zhuhai-crowds-with-surprise-performa-453352/ |title=J-10B TVC wows Zhuhai crowds with surprise performance |last=WALDRON |first=GREG |publisher=flightglobal |date=6 November 2018 |access-date=7 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107104409/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/j-10b-tvc-wows-zhuhai-crowds-with-surprise-performa-453352/ |archive-date=7 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''J-10C''': An upgraded version of J-10B, it is equipped with an indigenous AESA fire-control radar and is equipped with [[Physics:Thermography|imaging infrared seeker (IIR)]] PL-10, [[Engineering:Shenyang WS-10|WS-10B]] engine<ref>{{cite web |last1=Giovanzanti |first1=Alessandra |title=Images emerge of J-10C fighters for Pakistan |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/air-platforms/latest/images-emerge-of-j-10c-fighters-for-pakistan |website=Janes |access-date=19 February 2022}}</ref> and PL-15 air-to-air missiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-07-20/new-chinese-weapons-seen-j-10c-fighter|title=New Chinese Weapons Seen on J-10C Fighter|first=Chen|last=Chuanren|website=Aviation International News|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110204219/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-07-20/new-chinese-weapons-seen-j-10c-fighter|archive-date=10 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/72393/new-bvraam-may-have-entered-plaaf-service|title=New BVRAAM may have entered PLAAF service|website=janes.com|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517164815/http://www.janes.com/article/72393/new-bvraam-may-have-entered-plaaf-service|archive-date=17 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''J-10CE''': Export version of J-10C.<ref>{{cite report |last1=Bronk |first1=Justin |date=October 2020 |title=Russian and Chinese Combat Air Trends |series=Whitehall Report |volume=3-20 |url=https://rusi.org/sites/default/files/russian_and_chinese_combat_air_trends_whr_final_web_version.pdf |publisher=Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies |page=41 |access-date=4 February 2021 |archive-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123085747/https://www.rusi.org/sites/default/files/russian_and_chinese_combat_air_trends_whr_final_web_version.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* '''J-10CY''': Acrobatics variant of J-10C, replaced J-10AY.<ref name="drive_2303" />
* '''J-10D''': [[Social:Electronic warfare|Electronic warfare]] variant with straight, protruding dorsal spine in the central airframe, containing electronic countermeasure and warfare systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/chinas-j-10-fighter-spotted-in-new-big-spine-configuration |title=China's J-10 Fighter Spotted In New 'Big Spine' Configuration |website=The Drive |date=18 July 2022 |first1=Emma |last1=Helfrich |first2=Tyler |last2=Rogoway }}</ref>

== Operators ==

[[File:J10C operators.jpg|thumb|Map of Chengdu J-10 operators in blue]]

; {{PRC}}
* {{wipe|People's Liberation Army Air Force}}: 220 J-10A, 55 J-10B, 220 J-10C, 70 J-10S as of 2022<ref name="IISS_2023" />
* {{wipe|People's Liberation Army Naval Air Force}}: 16 J-10AH, 7 J-10SH as of 2021<ref name="iiss_2021_260">''The Military Balance'' (2022): pg. 260</ref>
; {{PAK}}
* {{wipe|Pakistan Air Force}}: 36 J-10CE (20 delivered, 16 on order)<ref name="samaaenglish1"/><ref name="indiatoday_pak"/><ref name="paktoday_announce"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/935527-china-to-provide-j-10c-fighter-jets-to-pakistan-more-powerful-than-us-made-f16 |title=Better than US-made F-16: China to provide J-10C fighter jets to Pakistan |publisher=Thenews.com.pk |date=2022-02-21 |accessdate=2022-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Sana Jamal |url=https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/watch-video-pakistan-air-force-inducts-first-batch-of-six-j-10c-fighter-jets-1.86372566 |title=Watch video: Pakistan Air Force inducts first batch of six J-10C fighter jets &#124; Pakistan – Gulf News |publisher=Gulfnews.com |date= 11 March 2022|access-date=2022-03-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Dangwal |first1=Ashish |title='Dragon From The East' – Pakistan Gets 2nd Batch Of 'Rafale Challenger' J-10C Fighters From China |url=https://eurasiantimes.com/dragon-from-the-east-pakistan-gets-2nd-batch-j-10c-fighters/ |website=The Eurasian Times |date=19 September 2022 |access-date=19 September 2022}}</ref>
** PAF Base Minhas (Kamra)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2347447/multi-role-j-10c-fighter-jets-inducted-into-paf-fleet | title=Multi-role J-10C fighter jets inducted into PAF fleet | date=11 March 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1679529 | title=Six China-made J-10C jets inducted into PAF | date=12 March 2022 }}</ref>
*** No. 15 Squadron ''Cobras'' (2022)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/2347447/multi-role-j-10c-fighter-jets-inducted-into-paf-fleet | title=Multi-role J-10C fighter jets inducted into PAF fleet | date=11 March 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1679529 | title=Six China-made J-10C jets inducted into PAF | date=12 March 2022 }}</ref>

== Accidents and incidents ==

On 12 November 2016, an August 1st Aerobatics Team training flight suffered a mid-air collision in Hebei. A twin-seat J-10 crashed. The pilot, Captain Yu Xu, and the co-pilot ejected, but Yu was struck by another J-10 and killed. Yu was the first woman certified to fly the J-10.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Guo |first1= Kai |title=Black box of plane that crashed and killed female fighter pilot found |url=http://en.people.cn/n3/2016/1114/c90000-9141277.html |website=People's Daily |date=14 November 2016 |access-date=16 January 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115003650/http://en.people.cn/n3/2016/1114/c90000-9141277.html |archive-date=15 November 2016 }}</ref>

== Specifications (J-10C) ==

[[File:PLAAF J-10B with PL-12 and PL-8B at ZhuHai Air Show 2018.jpg|thumb|J-10B with PL-12 and PL-8B missiles and a diverterless air intake displayed on Airshow China 2018]]

[[File:Chengdu J-10.svg|thumb|Chengdu J-10A 3-view drawing]]

{{Aircraft specs
| prime units?=met
<!-- 
        General characteristics
 -->
| ref= <ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.hk01.com/即時中國/400191/對外軍售-中國三代機進軍國際市場-殲-10c首亮相杜拜航展 |title=【對外軍售】中國三代機進軍國際市場？ 殲-10C首亮相杜拜航展 |author= 褚文 |date=2019-11-19 |publisher=香港01 |language=zh-hant |accessdate=2022-01-23}}</ref>
| crew=1<ref name="sinodefense" />
| length m=16.9
| length note=
| span m=9.8
| span note=
| height m=5.7
| height note=
| wing area sqm=37
| wing area note=
| aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
| airfoil=<!-- '''root:''' [[Physics:NACA airfoil|NACA]] ; '''tip:''' [[Physics:NACA airfoil|NACA]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref> -->
| empty weight kg=9750
| empty weight note=<ref name="af-tech">{{cite web |url=http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/j-10/ |title=J-10 (Jian 10) – Vigorous Dragon Multi-Role Tactical Fighter, China|date=10 February 2008 |publisher=SPG Media Limited |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713044152/http://www.airforce-technology.com/projects/j-10/ |archive-date=13 July 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}
| gross weight kg=14000
| gross weight note=
| max takeoff weight kg=19227
| max takeoff weight note=<ref name="sinodefense" /><ref name="af-tech"/>
| fuel capacity= 4950 L (3860 Kg) internal.<ref name="af-tech"/> 4000 L (3120 Kg) external with 3 drop tanks (2x1600L + 1x800L)<ref name="aerospaceweb">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aerospaceweb.org/aircraft/fighter/j10/|title=Aerospaceweb.org &#124; Aircraft Museum - J-10 / F-10|website=www.aerospaceweb.org}}</ref>
| more general=
<!-- 
        Powerplant
 -->
| eng1 number=1
| eng1 name=WS-10B
| eng1 type=afterburning turbofan engines
| eng1 kn=89.17
| eng1 note=
| eng1 kn-ab=144<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://m.weibo.cn/detail/4229925902273166 |title=空军新型战机歼-10C战斗值班，深圳卫视说了啥？ |author=空军发布 |date=2018-04-17 |publisher=Weibo |language=zh-hans |accessdate=2022-11-23 }}</ref>
<!-- 
        Performance
 -->
| max speed kmh=
| max speed note=
| max speed mach= 1.8
| cruise speed mach= 
| cruise speed note=
| stall speed kmh=200
| stall speed note=
| never exceed speed kmh=
| never exceed speed note=
| minimum control speed kmh=
| minimum control speed note=
| range km=1850
| range note=<ref name="Archived copy">{{cite web |url=http://m.online.sh.cn/news/content/2018-12/01/content_9129507.htm |title=网页已删除 |access-date=18 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418033737/http://m.online.sh.cn/news/content/2018-12/01/content_9129507.htm |archive-date=18 April 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref name="af-tech"/>
| combat range km= 1240
| ferry range km= 4600
| ferry range note=
| endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
| ceiling m=18000
| ceiling note=<ref name="af-tech"/>
| g limits=+9/-3<ref name="af-tech"/>
| roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
| climb rate ms=300
| climb rate note= <ref>{{cite web|url=http://mil.news.sina.com.cn/2011-07-18/0951657380.html|title=韩国防长参观中国空军飞行试验基地登上歼10_新浪军事_新浪网}}</ref>
| time to altitude=
| wing loading kg/m2=381
| wing loading note=
| fuel consumption kg/km=
| power/mass=
| thrust/weight=1.04
| more performance=
<!-- 
        Armament
 -->
| guns=1× [[Engineering:Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23|Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23]]
| hardpoints=11 in total (6× under-wing, 2× under-intake and 3× under-fuselage)
| hardpoint capacity=5600 kg of external fuel and ordnance
| rockets=90 mm unguided rocket pods
| missiles= <br />

** '''[[Engineering:Air-to-air missile|Air-to-air missile]]s''': <br />PL-8<br />PL-10 (J-10C)<br />PL-12<br />PL-15 (J-10C)
** '''[[Engineering:Air-to-surface missile|Air-to-surface missile]]s''': <br />KD-88<ref name="missile">{{cite book |last1=Rupprecht |first1=Andreas |title=Modern Chinese Warplane: Chinese Air Force - Aircraft and Units |year=2018 |publisher=Harpia Publishing |isbn=978-09973092-5-6 |page=118}}</ref> [[Engineering:Standoff missile|standoff land attack missile]] <br />YJ-91<ref name="missile"/> [[Social:Anti-radiation missile|anti-radiation missile]]

| bombs= <br />Laser-guided bombs: (LS-500J,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rupprecht |first1=Andreas |title=Modern Chinese Warplanes - Chinese Air Force |date=29 October 2018 |publisher=Harpia Publishing |isbn=978-0-9973092-6-3 |pages=46}}</ref> LT-2)<br />Glide bombs: (LS-6, GB3, GB2A, GB3A)<br />Satellite-guided bombs: (FT-1)<br />Unguided bombs: 250&nbsp;kg, 500&nbsp;kg

* '''Others:'''
** Up to 3 external fuel drop-tanks (1× under-fuselage, 2× under-wing) for extended range and loitering time

| avionics=

* Radar 
**AESA radar(J-10C)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-07-20/new-chinese-weapons-seen-j-10c-fighter|title=New Chinese Weapons Seen on J-10C Fighter|first=Chen|last=Chuanren|website=Aviation International News|access-date=1 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110204219/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2017-07-20/new-chinese-weapons-seen-j-10c-fighter|archive-date=10 January 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>
**Type 1473H pulse-doppler fire-control radar (J-10A)
* Externally mounted avionics pods:
** K/JDC01A targeting pod (on J-10A)<ref name="pod">{{cite book |last1=Rupprecht |first1=Andreas |title=Modern Chinese Warplane: Chinese Air Force - Aircraft and Units |date=2018 |publisher=Harpia Publishing |isbn=978-09973092-6-3 |page=121}}</ref>
** Type Hongguang-I [[Physics:Infra-red search and track|infra-red search and track]] pod (on J-10A)
** CM-802AKG targeting pod for KD-88 and YJ-91 (on J-10C)<ref name="pod"/>
** KG600 [[Social:Electronic countermeasure|electronic countermeasure]] pod<ref name="pod"/>
** Blue Sky navigation/attack pod

|combat range note=<ref name="Archived copy"/><ref name="af-tech"/>}}

== See also ==
{{aircontent
| see also=
| related=

* [[Engineering:Chengdu J-9|Chengdu J-9]]
* Shenyang J-13
* [[Engineering:List of fighter aircraft|List of fighter aircraft]]
* [[Engineering:List of aircraft produced by China|List of aircraft produced by China]]

| similar aircraft=

* CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder
* [[Engineering:Dassault Rafale|Dassault Rafale]]
* [[Engineering:Eurofighter Typhoon|Eurofighter Typhoon]]
* [[Engineering:General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon]]
* [[Engineering:Mikoyan MiG-35|Mikoyan MiG-35]]
* [[Engineering:Mitsubishi F-2|Mitsubishi F-2]]
}}

== References ==

=== Citations ===
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite conference |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0m36465p |title=Research, Development, and Acquisition in China's Aviation Industry: The J-10 Fighter and Pterodactyl UAV |last1=Erickson |first1=Andrew |last2=Lu |first2=Hanlu |last3=Bryan |first3=Kathryn |last4=Septembre |first4=Samuel |date=2014 |publisher=[[Organization:University of California|University of California]] Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation |conference=Annual Review of China’s Defense Technology and Industrial Base |conference-url=https://igcc.ucsd.edu/research/technology-innovation/innovation-technology-china/sitc-policy-briefs.html |series=7 }}
* {{Cite book |author=The International Institute for Strategic Studies |title=The Military Balance 2022 |year=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-27900-8}}
* {{cite book |last1=Wood |first1=Peter |last2=Stewart |first2=Robert |date=26 September 2019 |title=China's Aviation Industry: Lumbering Forward |url=https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/Books/Lumbering_Forward_Aviation_Industry_Web_2019-08-02.pdf?ver=2019-08-05-102041-830 |publisher={{wipe|United States Air Force}} {{wipe|Air University (United States Air Force)}} China Aerospace Studies Institute |isbn=9781082740404 |access-date=20 September 2020 |archive-date=28 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628053922/https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/Books/Lumbering_Forward_Aviation_Industry_Web_2019-08-02.pdf?ver=2019-08-05-102041-830 |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite book |last1=Wood |first1=Peter |last2=Wahlstrom |first2=Alden |last3=Cliff |first3=Roger |date=March 2020 |title=China's Aeroengine Industry |url=https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/documents/Research/Infrastructure/CASI_Aeroengines%20041520.pdf?ver=2020-04-22-133912-480 |publisher={{wipe|United States Air Force}} {{wipe|Air University (United States Air Force)}} China Aerospace Studies Institute |isbn=9798637786664 |access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=27 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210327192943/https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/documents/Research/Infrastructure/CASI_Aeroengines%20041520.pdf?ver=2020-04-22-133912-480 |url-status=dead }}
{{Refend}}

== External links ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100917160627/http://airforceworld.com/pla/english/j-10-F-10-fighter-china.htm AirForceWorld.com J-10 article]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100916215254/http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/english/j-10b-F-10b-fighter-china.htm J-10B fighter jet article]
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/china/j-10.htm  GlobalSecurity.org article on the J-10]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070329052709/http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/fighter/j10.asp SinoDefence.com J-10 factsheet and pictures]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060413201915/http://www.stormpages.com/jetfight/J-10_J-11_FC-1.htm Chinese Military Aviation at Stormpages.com]
* [http://www.milavia.net/aircraft/j-10/j-10_specs.htm Milavia.com J-10 article and pictures (includes J-10 specifications from Air Forces Monthly magazine)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130921063158/http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/fighter/j10b.asp SinoDefence.com article on J-10B]
* [http://www.janes.com/article/47815/images-suggest-j-10bs-close-to-entering-chinese-service Jane's Defence article on J-10B]

{{AVIC Aero Products}}
{{Chinese Military Aircraft}}
{{PRC fighters}}

[[Category:Canard aircraft]]
[[Category:Delta-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Single-engined jet aircraft]]

{{Sourceattribution|Chengdu J-10}}