View source for Engineering:Chitarra Italiana

{{Short description|Musical instrument}}
{{One source
| date = August 2021
}}
{{Infobox Instrument
|name=Chitarra Italiana
|names=
|image= Chitarra-italiana.jpg
|classification=
*Necked bowl lutes
*String instruments
|range=
|related= 
*[[Engineering:Angélique (instrument)|Angélique (instrument)]]
*[[Engineering:Archlute|Archlute]]
*Barbat (lute)
*Bağlama
*Baglamas
*Chitarra Italiana
*Chitarrone
*Dombra
*Domra
*Dutar
*[[Engineering:Guitarra morisca|Guitarra morisca]]
*[[Engineering:Gittern|Gittern]]
*[[Engineering:Lute|Lute]]
*Mandocello
*Mandola
*[[Engineering:Mandolin|Mandolin]]
*[[Engineering:Oud|Oud]]
*Pandura
*[[Engineering:Tambouras|Tambouras]]
*Tanbur
*Tanbur (Turkish)
*Tembûr
*Theorbo
*Tiorbino
}}

'''Chitarra Italiana''' ({{IPA-it|kiˈtarra itaˈljaːna|lang}}; 'Italian guitar') is a [[Engineering:Lute|lute]]-shaped plucked instrument with four or five single (sometimes double) strings, in a tuning similar to that of the [[Engineering:Guitar|guitar]]. It was common in Italy during the Renaissance era.

According to Renato Meucci, the designation of 'Italiana' followed the introduction to Italy of the flat-backed development of the instrument – referred to as ''chitarra alla spagnola '' (literally 'Spanish guitar'); to distinguish between the two versions. It is believed to have descended from panduras, the Mediterranean lutes of Antiquity, and to be related to North African [[Engineering:Kwitra|quitra]] (or kwitra).

Its bass variety was known as chitarrone. Musicologist Laurence Wright talked about the chitarrone in a letter to the ''Early Music'' journal (October 1976), saying it implied "large guitar", that it had a rounded back and was likely to be taken for a smaller lute, and that it was found from the 13th century to the 18th century, but was much rarer in the later centuries.<ref name=wright>{{cite journal |last=Wright |first=Laurence |date= 1976|title=Theorbo, Archlute and Chitarrone |jstor= 3126184 |journal=Early Music |volume=4 |issue=4 |page=497 |doi= 10.1093/earlyj/4.4.497-d}}</ref> He also said that in latter years, when the mandola was popular, the chitarrone was "sometimes confused with the mandola".<ref name=wright/>

==See also==
* [[Engineering:Chitarra battente|Chitarra battente]] &nbsp; ([[Engineering:Guitar|Guitar]] used on southern Italian folk music, also known as ''Chitarra Italiana'')
* [[Engineering:Mandore (instrument)|Mandore]]
* [[Engineering:Gittern|Gittern]] considered ancestral to Spanish guitar and possibly closely related to mandore. 
* [[Engineering:Kwitra|Kwitra]]: Also spelled 'kouitra', 'kaitara', and 'quitra'. This is a North African 4 course lute, similar to the [[Engineering:Oud|oud]], and possibly related to the chitarra Italiana. (See articles Andalusian classical music - subsection 'Influence of Andalusian music' and [[Engineering:Gittern|Gittern]] - subsection 'Etymology')

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
<!-- * • Da "chitarra italiana" a "chitarrone": una nuova interpretazione, in Enrico Radesca da Foggia, atti del convegno, a cura di Francesca Seller, Lucca, LIM, 2001, pp. 37-57. -->
* {{cite journal
   | author    = Renato Meucci
   | title     = Da "chitarra italiana" a "chitarrone": una nuova interpretazione
   | periodical = Enrico Radesca di Foggia e Il Suo Tempo; Atti del Convegno di Studi, 7-8 Aprile 2000
   | editor    = Francesca Seller
   | series    = Strumenti della ricerca musicale collana della Società Italiana di Musicologia 5
   | publisher = Lucca, Italy: Libreria Musicale Italiana |date = 2001
   | pages     = 37–57
  }}
** ''The theorboed guitar - the Chitarrone Francese ?'', <!--
  -->{{cite book
   | chapter   = <!-- Put out because chapter is "ignored"! --> 
   | title     = 11. Renaissance and Baroque guitars – Catalogue and Price List 2014|url=http://www.lutesandguitars.co.uk/htm/cat11.htm
   | publisher = Stephen Barber & Sandi Harris, Lutemakers | location = London
   | quote     = 
  }}<br/> "''Roberto Meucci recently wrote about small lutes, revealing that in Italy they were called ''chitarra'', so as not to confuse them with the ''[[Engineering:Classical guitar|chitarra alla spagnola]]''. Sources from the early 18th Century also declare that the '''''chitarra italiana''''' or ''chitarrino'' is in reality a small lute.''"


[[Category:Early musical instruments]]

{{Sourceattribution|Chitarra Italiana}}