View source for Engineering:Comac C929

{{Short description|Chinese widebody passenger aircraft}}
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name           = C929
| image          = File:Paris Air Show 2017 COMAC C929 right front cropped.png
| caption        = 
}}
{{Infobox aircraft type
| more users     =
| type           = Long-range wide-body airliner
| national origin = China
| manufacturer   = [[Company:Comac|Comac]]
| designer       = 
| introduction   = 
| status         = Prototype under construction<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.shine.cn/news/metro/2112039052/ |title=Wings of China-Russia aircraft prototype start production, summit told |work= SHINE News |date= 2021-12-03}}</ref>
| primary user   =
| produced       =
| number built   =
| unit cost      =
| program cost   = $13-20 billion<ref name=Flight22may2017/>
| developed from =
| variants with their own articles =
}}
|}

The '''Comac C929''' is a planned long-range 250-to-320-seat wide-body twinjet airliner family being developed by Chinese [[Company:Comac|Comac]], to challenge the [[Company:Competition between Airbus and Boeing|Airbus and Boeing]] duopoly. Construction of the first prototype began by September 2021. 

The programme was previously developed by CRAIC (China-Russia Commercial Aircraft International Corporation), a joint venture between Comac and Russian [[Company:United Aircraft Corporation|UAC]], and the aircraft was formerly known as the '''CRAIC CR929'''. Following tensions and disagreements  between the partners and uncertainties linked to international sanctions on Russia, Comac is continuing the programme independently of UAC.

==Development==

<!-- 2011-2012 -->
In June 2011, Comac was studying the 290-seat C929 and 390-seat C939 [[Engineering:Wide-body aircraft|wide-body aircraft]].<ref>{{cite news |url= http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/06/30/2011063001142.html |title= China's Comac Joins Commercial Passenger Plane Industry |date= June 30, 2011 |work= The Chosun Ilbo}}</ref>
In June 2012, after assessing demand, Russia and China were to set up a joint venture between UAC and Comac to develop a successor to the Il-96. Development was expected to take at least seven years and cost $7–12 billion, with a production target of several hundred aircraft. Russia would contribute its knowledge and China would provide the resources.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russia-and-china-discuss-il-96-successor-372569/ |title= Russia and China discuss Il-96 successor |date= 1 June 2012 |work= Air Transport Intelligence |publisher= Flightglobal |author= Tom Zaitsev}}</ref>

<!-- 2014 -->
In May 2014, a memorandum on cooperation was reached and a feasibility study completed in autumn 2014.<!--<ref name=AvWeek11feb2015/>-->
UAC estimated that wide-body demand worldwide through 2033 amounts to 8,000 aircraft, including 1,000 in China.<!--<ref name=AvWeek11feb2015/>-->
In November 2014, UAC suggested a range of {{cvt|12000|km|nmi}} range while Comac pointed to a gap in the market for a moderate range of {{cvt|7400|km|nmi}}; initial capacity was targeted for 250-280 seats with later shrink and stretch.<!--<ref name=AvWeek11feb2015/>-->
In February 2015 preliminary design had begun.<!--<ref name=AvWeek11feb2015/>-->
A nine-year, $13 billion development program was expected to be launched in 2016, targeting a 2025 introduction.<!--<ref name=AvWeek11feb2015/>-->
Comac was expected to develop and build the [[Engineering:Fuselage|fuselage]] while UAC handles the composite wing and fin.<ref name=AvWeek11feb2015>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/russo-chinese-widebody-concept-design-underway |title= Russo-Chinese Widebody Concept Design Underway |date= Feb 11, 2015 |author= Maxim Pyadushkin and Bradley Perrett |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>

<!-- 2015 -->
In June 2015, an agreement targeted a mid-2021 first flight, with certification and initial deliveries in 2024.<!--<ref name=AIN11June2015/>-->
The [[Engineering:Airframe|airframe]] would be 50% composite and 15% titanium; UAC would deliver the first composite wings in 2019–2020.<ref name=AIN11June2015/>
In November 2015, a more fuel-efficient, re-engined version of the Ilyushin Il-96-400M was announced as a more attainable and affordable alternative.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2016-02-15/russia-backs-uac-expand-airliner-product-range |title= Russia Backs UAC to Expand Airliner Product Range |author= Vladimir Karnozov |date= February 15, 2016 |work= Aviation International News}}</ref>

<!-- 2016 -->
In June 2016, an agreement was signed to set up a 50-50 joint venture.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.chinaaviationdaily.com/news/53/53311.html |title= Russia, China Sign JV Agreement to Create Wide-Body Aircraft |date= Jun 26, 2016 |work= China Aviation Daily}}</ref>
In November 2016, at Zhuhai Airshow, Comac and UAC searched for suppliers and approached [[Company:Honeywell|Honeywell]] and [[Company:United Technologies|United Technologies]].{{cn|date=May 2021}}
A mock-up was exhibited at the show.<ref name=161103PR>{{cite press release |url= http://english.comac.cc/news/mc/201611/17/t20161117_4523566.shtml |title= COMAC Debuts Chinese-Russian Wide-Body C929 Model at Zhuhai Airshow |date= 3 Nov 2016 |author= China Aviation Daily |publisher= COMAC}}</ref>
<!-- 2017 -->
Comac and UAC estimated the development at 10 years, implying a first delivery in 2027 if the joint company was established and the program launched in 2017.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/comac-foresees-future-intelligent-aircraft |title= Comac Foresees A Future Of 'Intelligent Aircraft' May 12, 2017 |author= Bradley Perrett |work= Aviation Daily |publisher= Aviation Week }}</ref>

=== CRAIC joint venture ===

The China-Russia Commercial Aircraft International Corporation Limited (CRAIC) 50-50 [[Finance:Joint venture|joint venture]] was launched on May 22, 2017 in [[Place:Shanghai|Shanghai]], targeting a 2025-2028 [[Engineering:Maiden flight|maiden flight]] and first delivery.<!--<ref name=Reuters22may2017/>-->
It aims to take 10% of a market dominated by Boeing and Airbus of 9,100 widebodies over 20 years through 2035, with a plane 10-15% cheaper to run.<ref name=Reuters22may2017>{{cite news |url= https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-comac-russia-idUSKBN18I0KZ |date= May 22, 2017 |title= China, Russia set up wide-body jet firm in new challenge to Boeing, Airbus |work= Reuters |author= Brenda Goh }}</ref>
Based in Shanghai where the [[Engineering:Assembly line|assembly line]] will be located, CRAIC will oversee the program : technology development, manufacturing, [[Finance:Marketing|marketing]], [[Finance:Sales|sales]], customer services, and [[Social:Program management|program management]].<!--<ref name=Flight22may2017/>-->
The fuselage will be [[Chemistry:Composite material|composite material]],<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2021-01-26/partners-aim-start-cr929-manufacturing-year |title= Partners Aim To Start CR929 Manufacturing This Year  |date= 26 January 2021|work= AIN |author= Gregory Polek}}</ref> total [[Finance:Investment|investment]] will be $13–20 billion.<ref name=Flight22may2017>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/comac-uac-set-up-joint-venture-for-widebody-effort-437467/ |title= Comac, UAC set up joint venture for widebody effort |date= 22 May 2017 |work= Flightglobal |author= Greg Waldron}}</ref>

[[File:Paris Air Show 2017 COMAC C929 cabin cropped.png|thumb|Seating : 1-2-1 in First, 2-2-2 in Business and 3-3-3 in Economy]]

For 2023–45, UAC and Comac forecast a 7,000 widebodies demand for $1.5 trillion - an average of ${{#expr:1500/7round0}} million, their goal for first delivery is 2027.<!--<ref name=AvWeek22may2017/>-->
The 280 passengers capacity over 12,000&nbsp;km is comparable to the Airbus A330-900.  With a nine-abreast economy seating, the short-fuselage model would seat 230 while the lengthened-fuselage model 320 passengers.<!--<ref name=AvWeek22may2017/>-->
Major suppliers will be picked among 169 companies by the end of 2018, as detailed design should be completed and a joint engineering center in [[Place:Moscow|Moscow]] with a branch in Shanghai will oversee development, employing around 100 engineers from both countries.<!--<ref name=AvWeek22may2017/>-->
Comac's will be in charge of the fuselage sections, horizontal and vertical stabilizers, wing [[Engineering:Aircraft fairing|fairing]]s, nose cone and landing gear; UAC will develop the composite wing, wing flap systems, engine pylons and main landing gear, with Chinese manufacture if it is cheaper.<ref name=AvWeek22may2017>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/uac-and-comac-developing-widebody-aircraft |title= UAC And Comac Developing Widebody Aircraft |date= May 22, 2017 |author= Maxim Pyadushkin |work= Aviation Daily |publisher= Aviation Week Network}}</ref>

China could see the joint venture involving joint financial [[Finance:Investment|investment]]s, rather than an [[Social:Intellectual property|intellectual property]] sale, as Russia wants with the [[Research and development|research and development]] center in Moscow and the aircraft manufacturing in Shanghai.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/opinion-why-sino-russian-widebody-project-not-another-airbus |title= Opinion: Why Sino-Russian Widebody Project Is Not Another Airbus |date= Jul 17, 2017 |author= Richard Aboulafia |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>
The main design center is in Russia and Shanghai will also have its own design office, for half of the work each.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017-09/23/content_32369893.htm |title= C929 fuselage will be made in China |author= Zhu Wenqian |newspaper= China Daily |date= 23 Sep 2017}}</ref>

In September 2017, it was named CR 929 (CR standing for China-Russia), concept approval was slated for 2017, early configuration and preliminary [[Physics:Aircraft design process|design]] for 2018, design documentation for 2021, first flight for 2023 and introduction for 2025.<!--<ref name=Flight29sep2017>-->
It will be powered by a western engine at first before an indigenous power plant is developed between Russia's [[Company:United Engine Corporation|United Engine Corporation]] and China's [[Company:Aero Engine Corporation of China|AECC]], to start testing in 2022 and be certificated in 2027.<ref name=Flight29sep2017>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/uac-and-comac-christen-widebody-family-as-cr-929-441648/ |title= UAC and Comac christen widebody family as CR 929 |date= 29 Sep 2017 |author= Greg Waldron |work= Flightglobal}}</ref>

=== Preliminary design ===

Suppliers should be selected by 2018 to mid 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/supplier-selection-nears-for-russian-chinese-cr929-444440/ |title= Supplier selection nears for Russian-Chinese CR929 |date= 22 Dec 2017 |author= David Kaminski Morrow |work= Flightglobal}}</ref>
A request for proposal for the propulsion system, including the engine and nacelle, have been issued on 21 December 2017, to be answered by 30 May 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/engine-rfp-issued-for-chinese-russian-cr929-444461/ |title= Engine RFP issued for Chinese-Russian CR929 |date= 26 Dec 2017 |author= Mavis Toh |work= Flightglobal}}</ref>
On May 15 at a Shanghai conference on aeroengines, the design grew to a {{cvt|63.25|m}} length, {{cvt|45|cm}} shorter than the A330-900 but still with nine-abreast economy seating, requiring {{cvt|78,000|lbf|kN|0}} of thrust from each engine.<!--<ref name=AvWeek23May2018>-->
GE produces the {{cvt|76,100|lbf|kN}} GEnx-1B76, and Rolls-Royce the {{cvt|78,129|lbf|kN}} Trent 1000 TEN.<ref name=AvWeek23May2018>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/comac-cr929-now-larger-airbus-a330 |title= Comac CR929 Now Larger Than Airbus A330 |date= May 23, 2018 |author= Bradley Perrett and Maxim Pyadushkin |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>
CRAIC received seven proposals by the 30 May deadline.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/sino-russian-widebody-gets-seven-proposals-for-engin-449057/ |title= Sino-Russian widebody gets seven proposals for engine |date= 31 May 2018 |author= Mavis Toh |work= Flightglobal}}</ref>
The responding engine manufacturers appears to be Chinese [[Company:Aero Engine Corporation of China|AECC]], General Electric, Rolls-Royce and Russian [[Company:United Engine Corporation|UEC]], the three others were for related systems.<ref name=AvWeek10aug2018>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/chinese-european-russian-contenders-cr929-landing-gear |title= Chinese, European, Russian Contenders For CR929 Landing Gear |date= Aug 10, 2018 |author1=Bradley Perrett |author2=Maxim Pyadushkin |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>

[[File:CR929 mockup Paris 2017.png|thumb|upright=1.4|2017 mockup]]

The general layout and principal geometry was approved on 6 June 2018: the [[Physics:Wing|wing]] span and shape, [[Engineering:Fuselage|fuselage]] length, nose and tail dimensions, [[Engineering:Empennage|fins]] sizing and form, location of engines, landing gear and doors.<!--<ref name=UAC6jun2018>-->
Within the same Gate 3, which should be completed by mid-2019, are experimental [[Physics:Aerodynamics|aerodynamics]] research, [[Chemistry:Structural material|structural material]]s selection and technical analysis of supplied systems and equipment.<ref name=UAC6jun2018>{{cite press release |url= http://www.uacrussia.ru/en/press-center/news/pao-oak-i-somas-soglasovali-obshchiy-vid-samoleta-cr929 |date= 8 June 2018 |title= PJSC UAC and COMAC Approved the General Layout of CR929 Aircraft |publisher= UAC}}</ref>

Comac plans to start construction in 2021, conduct the first flight in 2023 and make the first delivery in 2025, two years earlier than planned in November 2016.<!--<ref name=AvWeek12jun2018>-->
It should be over 50% composite, maintain C919 cockpit commonality and have more electric systems including the environmental control, [[Engineering:Thrust reversal|thrust reversal]], braking and flight controls with [[Earth:Wind|gusts]] alleviation.<ref name=AvWeek12jun2018>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/craic-moves-cr929-first-delivery-forward-2025 |title= Craic Moves CR929 First Delivery Forward To 2025 |date= Jun 12, 2018|author=  Bradley Perrett |work= Aviation Week Network}}</ref>
The eight-year schedule could be delayed by multinational management and is shorter than the [[Engineering:Sukhoi Superjet 100|Sukhoi Superjet 100]] which took 11 years or the [[Engineering:Comac ARJ21|Comac ARJ21]] in 13 years, as the [[Engineering:Irkut MC-21|Irkut MC-21]] will have in 2020 or the C919 in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/aviation-week-space-technology/craic-cuts-cr929-schedule-two-years |title= Craic Cuts CR929 Schedule By Two Years |date= Jun 21, 2018 |author= Bradley Perrett |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>
For three years from 2018, UAC plans to invest ₽{{#expr:403*0.018round2}} billion (${{#expr:403*0.018*51/3.2round1}} million) for the CR929.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2018-07-09/kremlin-boosts-effort-toward-indigenization-ssj100 |title= Kremlin Boosts Effort toward 'Indigenization' of SSJ100 |author= Vladimir Karnozov |date= July 9, 2018 |work= AIN online}}</ref>

On 31 July 2018 was issued a request for proposals for the undercarriage, expecting a response from Europe, China or Russia by the end of November 2018.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/cr929-programme-seeks-landing-gear-supplier-450865/ |title= CR929 programme seeks landing-gear supplier |date= 2 Aug 2018 |author= David Kaminski Morrow |work= Flightglobal}}</ref>
Germany's [[Company:Liebherr|Liebherr]] makes the C919 landing gear, Safran Landing Systems (formerly Messier-Bugatti-Dowty) supplies the A330 and A350 gear, Russian [[Company:Hydromash|Hydromash]] builds the MC-21's, and Avic could bid, though less experienced.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/cr929-landing-gear-candidates-revealed |title= CR929 Landing Gear Candidates Revealed |date= Aug 2, 2018 |author= Bradley Perrett |work= Aviation Week Network}}</ref>
The US-China trade war did not prevent bidding from [[Company:UTC Aerospace Systems|UTC Aerospace Systems]], which did not seek the contract and Canadian [[Company:Héroux-Devtek|Héroux-Devtek]] has not received the RFP.<ref name=AvWeek10aug2018/>
Leonardo-Finmeccanica was negotiating to set up a [[Finance:Joint venture|joint venture]] with Comac and the Chinese Kangde group before the end of October 2018, to produce the fuselage central section in Zhangjiagang for $10 billion until 2040.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/finanza-e-mercati/2018-10-09/leonardo-corsa-il-maxi-piano-cinese-comac--110343.shtml |title= Leonardo in corsa per il maxi-piano cinese di Comac |author= Gianni Dragoni |date= 9 Oct 2018 |work= Il Sole 24 Ore |language= it}}</ref><!--via https://theaircurrent.com/dispatches/leonardo-to-launch-cr929-composite-fuselage-venture-for-comac/-->
Leonardo confirmed the joint venture on 26 October.<ref>{{cite press release |url= http://www.leonardocompany.com/documents/63265270/82037903/ComLDO_Comac_CR929_26102018_ENG.pdf |title= Leonardo and Kangde Investment Group of China agree guiding principles to partner on the new COMAC CR929 long range airliner |date= 26 October 2018 |publisher= Leonardo}}</ref>

In November 2018, a mockup of the forward cabin was unveiled at the Zhuhai Airshow China.<ref name=AIN6nov2018/>
UAC forecasts 8,000 airplanes worth $2.4 trillion over 20 years, with 20% of the demand from Russia and China, and out of a thousand aircraft, the CR929 may catch half of the sales: 250 in China, 50 in Russia plus from [[Place:Southeast Asia|Southeast Asia]]n countries.<!--<ref name=AIN7nov2018>-->
The program cost is estimated at $13–15 billion by UAC and $20 billion by Comac for a [[Finance:Break-even|break-even]] within fifteen years.<!--<ref name=AIN7nov2018>-->
The vendor selection and draft design should be completed by the end of 2019.<ref name=AIN7nov2018>{{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2018-11-07/uac-head-details-cr929-market-outlook-and-timetable |title= UAC Head Details CR929 Market Outlook and Timetable  |author= Vladimir Karnozov |date= November 7, 2018 |work= AIN online}}</ref>

=== Prototyping ===
By December 2018, Comac produced the first composite forward fuselage prototype, a {{cvt|15 by 6|m}} structure, towards joint definition in the second half of 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/picture-china-produces-cr929-composite-forward-fuse-454674/ |title= China produces CR929 composite forward fuselage |date= 27 Dec 2018 |author= Mavis Toh |work= Flightglobal}}</ref>
By early 2019, Concept design was targeted for the end of 2019/early 2020, before the definition phase.<ref name=Flight25feb2019/>
Definition freeze was then aimed for the first half of 2022, first flight for 2025 and certification for 2027.<ref name=Flight25feb2019/>
By spring 2019, progress was slowed by multinational cooperation challenges and engine selection was expected for September or October.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/coordination-challenge-slows-craic-cr929-engine-choice |title= Coordination Challenge Slows Craic CR929 Engine Choice |date= Apr 30, 2019 |author= Bradley Perrett |work= Aviation Week Network}}</ref>
High-speed [[Physics:Wind tunnel|wind tunnel]] testing was completed by December 2019 at the Moscow [[Organization:Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute|Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute]], using a 1:39 [[Scale model|scale model]] of the fuselage and wing.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/high-speed-cr929-model-tested-in-windtunnel/135766.article |title= High-speed CR929 model tested in windtunnel |author= David Kaminski-Morrow |date= 12 December 2019|work= Flightglobal}}</ref>

=== Tensions between Comac and UAC ===
By July 2020, Irkut's chief disclosed that the first deliveries were expected to be delayed to 2028-2029, citing "difficulties" for the partners in working together.<ref name=Flight13july2020>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/aerospace/cr929-faces-delays-amid-beijing-moscow-differences/139257.article |title= CR929 faces delays amid Beijing, Moscow differences |author= Alfred Chua |date= 13 July 2020 |work= Flightglobal}}</ref>

By June 2021, China and Russia appeared to have put differences aside in relation to future market share, and confirmed plans to start building a prototype in 2021 with maiden flight in 2023.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-06-25|title=China And Russia Want To Start Building The 1st CR929 This Year|url=https://simpleflying.com/china-russia-cr929-construction/|access-date=2021-07-31|website=Simple Flying|language=en-US}}</ref> The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the development pace, however construction of the first prototype began by September 2021.<ref>{{cite web|date=2021-09-23|title=Widebody Challenger: The CRAIC CR929 Is Now Under Production|url=https://simpleflying.com/comac-c929-production/|access-date=2021-11-10|website=Simple Flying|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2022, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, multiple sanctions brought further uncertainty to the venture.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.flightglobal.com/aerospace/sino-russian-cr929-to-be-another-casualty-of-ukraine-invasion/148135.article | title=Sino-Russian CR929 to be another casualty of Ukraine invasion }}</ref> As of September 2022, the Russians remained optimistic that testing flights could begin as early as 2030.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://aviationweek.com/air-transport/aircraft-propulsion/first-flight-cr929-slips-2030-seven-years-behind-schedule | title=First Flight Of CR929 Slips To 2030, Seven Years Behind Schedule |date=15 September 2022}}</ref>

In June 2023, news emerged that Comac intended to continue the programme on its own, independently of UAC.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ostrower |first1=Jon |title=Paris Day 2: China & Russia Split |url=https://theaircurrent.com/feed/dispatches/paris-day-2-china-russia-split/ |work=The Air Current |date=20 June 2023}}</ref> In August 2023, UAC CEO Yury Slyusar confirmed Russia's withdrawal but expressed hope that UAC could remain involved as a supplier to the programme.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Flottau |first1=Jens |title=Russia's Exit From CR929 JV Underlines Sanctions Impact |work=Aviation Week Network |url=https://aviationweek.com/aerospace/manufacturing-supply-chain/russias-exit-cr929-jv-underlines-sanctions-impact |date=22 August 2023}}</ref> In November 2023, noting that the programme was entering the detailed design stage, Comac confirmed the C929 name and the fact that the aircraft was "now being independently developed by China".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chua |first1=Alfred |title=Comac confirms 'C929' moniker as widebody enters 'detailed design' stage |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/air-transport/comac-confirms-c929-moniker-as-widebody-enters-detailed-design-stage/155675.article |work=Flight Global |date=6 November 2023}}</ref>

== Design ==
Three variants are planned: the -500 will carry 250 passengers in three classes with a range of {{cvt|14,000|km|nmi|-1}}, the -600 will have 280 seats and a range of {{cvt|12,000|km|nmi|-1}} and the -700 will carry 320 over {{cvt|10,000|km|nmi|0}}.<ref name=Flight29sep2017/>
A two class layout of the -600 would seat 291 with 243 economy seats and {{#expr:291-243}} six-abreast business seats, which can be split in eight four-abreast first class seats and 30 business for a seating of {{#expr:243+30+8}} in three classes.<!--<ref name=AIN6nov2018>-->
With a nine-abreast all-economy, the -600 would accommodate 405 to 440 with a seat pitch of {{cvt|32 and 30|in|cm}}, respectively.<ref name=AIN6nov2018/>

The two-crew [[Engineering:Cockpit|flight deck]] looks like the [[Engineering:Comac C919|Comac C919]] with a five-screen EFIS and sidestick controls.<ref name=Flight9nov2018>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/pictures-mock-up-reveals-cr929-cockpit-and-cabin-i-453510/ |title= Mock-up reveals CR929 cockpit and cabin ideas |date= 9 Nov 2018 |work= Flightglobal}}</ref>
Composite materials and titanium should account for half of the structural weight.<ref name=AIN6nov2018>{{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2018-11-06/cr929-mockup-unveiled-airshow-china-2018 |title= CR929 Mockup Unveiled at Airshow China 2018 |author= Vladimir Karnozov |date= November 6, 2018 |work= AIN online}}</ref>

===Engines===
A competitive widebody would initially need Western powerplants and onboard systems.<ref name=AvWeek11feb2015/>
The aircraft would need a {{cvt|77,000|-|88,000|lbf|kN}} thrust turbofan.<ref name=AIN11June2015/>
Initially, the engine is likely to be supplied by [[Company:Rolls-Royce Holdings|Rolls-Royce]] or [[Company:General Electric|General Electric]], who already have products in this class.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2017-09-20/russia-and-china-partner-engine-new-widebody |title= Russia and China to Partner on Engine for New Widebody |author=  Gregory Polek |date= September 20, 2017 |work= AIN}}</ref>
CRAIC expects a [[Physics:Thrust-specific fuel consumption|TSFC]] better by at least 10%.<ref name="Flight25feb2019">{{cite news|author=Mavis Toh|date=25 Feb 2019|title=CR929 boss details progress, timeline|work=Flightglobal|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/interview-cr929-boss-details-progress-timeline-456061/}}</ref>

At the November 2014 Zhuhai Airshow, a later high-thrust joint [[Engineering:Turbofan|turbofan]] was discussed between Avic Commercial Aircraft Engines and [[Company:United Engine Corporation|United Engine Corporation]] (UEC), with parameters defined in early 2015 for an introduction between 2025 and 2030.<ref name=AvWeek11feb2015/>
In September 2017, a [[Finance:Memorandum of understanding|memorandum of understanding]] was signed between Rostec's UEC and [[Company:Aero Engine Corporation of China|Aero Engine Corporation of China]]: initially joint research and customer requirements analysis and definition, then determining engine design and operating parameters before testing in 2022 and certification in 2027.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/russian-chinese-tie-up-to-develop-new-long-haul-jet-441311/ |title= Russian-Chinese tie-up to develop new long-haul jet engine |date= 20 Sep 2017 |author= David Kaminski-Morrow |work= Flightglobal}}</ref>

A more powerful version of the [[Engineering:Aviadvigatel PD-14|Aviadvigatel PD-14]] developed for the [[Engineering:Irkut MC-21|Irkut MC-21]] could be developed after its certification in 2017, with a 50% scaled up core.<ref name=AIN11June2015>{{cite news |url= http://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/aerospace/2015-06-11/russia-and-china-push-next-gen-widebody |title= Russia and China Push for Next-Gen Widebody |author= Vladimir Karnozov |date= June 11, 2015 |work= Aviation International News}}</ref>
In May 2016 began the development of a {{cvt|35|tf|lbf}} Russian engine Aviadvigatel PD-35 for the twinjet, expected to enter service in 2025.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://tass.com/economy/883522 |title= Moscow starts developing heavy engine for joint Chinese-Russian airliner |date= June 20, 2016 |work= TASS}}</ref>
A derivative of the [[Engineering:Kuznetsov NK-32|Kuznetsov NK-32]] '''PD-30''' powering the [[Engineering:Tupolev Tu-160|Tupolev Tu-160]] supersonic bomber has also been proposed in August 2015.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.ruaviation.com/news/2015/8/17/3422/ |title= Dmitry Rogozin: an engine for a new transport aircraft may be derived from NK-32 |work= Russian Aviation |date= August 17, 2015}}</ref>

China has been working independently on the CJ-2000 engine.<ref name=AvWeek1jun2018>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/propulsion/china-moving-ahead-widebody-engine |title= China Moving Ahead With Widebody Engine |date= Jun 1, 2018 |author= Bradley Perrett |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref> Technically, it could also use AI-38 engines co-developed by China and Ukrainian [[Company:Ivchenko-Progress|Ivchenko-Progress]] from the 225&nbsp;kN [[Engineering:Progress D-18T|Progress D-18T]] of the An-124/An-225,<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.bestchinanews.com/Military/7093.html |title= An identical 225 large engine will be assembled or tested in China |date= 2017-06-03 |work= BestChinaNews |access-date= 2017-11-16 |archive-date= 2017-11-16 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171116194144/http://www.bestchinanews.com/Military/7093.html |url-status= dead }}</ref>
although the MoU between Russian UEC and Chinese [[Company:Aero Engine Corporation of China|AECC]] made this possibility unlikely.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.sohu.com/a/199202083_476335 |title= 中国CR929客机"大心脏"确定，乌克兰的大涵道已经无望 |language= Chinese |work= Sohu |date= 2017-10-20 |access-date= 2017-11-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200127131828/http://www.sohu.com/a/199202083_476335 |archive-date= 2020-01-27 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

==Specifications==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|+Specifications<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.penton.com/digitaleditions/AW/AWST_151012.pdf |title= Treading Carefully |at= Full-scale development of a Chinese and Russian 787-10 competitor looks imminent |date= 12 Oct 2015 |author= Bradley Perrett |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref>
|-
! Variants
! CR929-600
<!--
|-
! Cockpit crew
| 
-->
|-
! rowspan=3| Capacity 
| 258-280 (3-class seating)
|-
| 261-291 (2-class seating)
|-
| 405-440 (1-class seating)<ref name=AIN6nov2018/>
|-
! Length
| {{cvt|63.755|m}}<ref name=AvWeek9nov2018>{{cite news |url= http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/cr929-schedule-may-be-optimistic-uac-says |title= CR929 Schedule May Be Optimistic, UAC Says |date= Nov 9, 2018 |author= Bradley Perrett |work= Aviation Week & Space Technology}}</ref> 
|-
! Wingspan
| {{cvt|63.86|m}}<ref name=AvWeek9nov2018/>
|-
! Height
| 17.9 m / 58.7&nbsp;ft
|-
! rowspan=2 |Fuselage
| 5.92 m / 19.4&nbsp;ft (width)
|-
| 6.07 m / 19.9&nbsp;ft (height)
|-
! Cabin max width
| 5.61 m / 18.4&nbsp;ft
|-
! MTOW 
| {{cvt|245|t|lb}}<ref name=AvWeek9nov2018/>
<!--
|-
! OEW
| 
-->
|-
! Payload
| {{cvt|48.83|-|50.4|t|lb}} 
|-
! Fuel capacity
| {{cvt|103.7|t|lb}} 
|-
! Turbofans (x2)
| TBA
|-
! Thrust
| {{cvt|78,000|lbf|kN|0}}<ref name=AvWeek23May2018/>
|-
! Cruise
| {{cvt|0.85|Mach|35000|knots km/h|0}}
|-
! Range
| 12,000&nbsp;km / 6,480 nmi
<!--
|-
! Runway
| 
-->
|}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|see also= <!-- other related articles that have not already linked: -->
*[[Engineering:Comac C919|Comac C919]]
*[[Engineering:Irkut MC-21|Irkut MC-21]]
*[[Engineering:Ilyushin Il-96|Ilyushin Il-96]]
|related= <!-- designs that were developed into or from this aircraft: -->
|similar aircraft= <!-- aircraft that are of similar Role, Era, and Capability this design: -->
* [[Engineering:Airbus A330|Airbus A330]]
* [[Engineering:Airbus A330neo|Airbus A330neo]]
* [[Engineering:Airbus A350|Airbus A350]]
*[[Engineering:Boeing 777|Boeing 777]]
* [[Engineering:Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787 Dreamliner]]
|lists= <!-- relevant lists that this aircraft appears in: -->
*[[Engineering:List of jet airliners|List of jet airliners]]
*[[Engineering:List of civil aircraft|List of civil aircraft]]
<!-- See WP:Air/PC for more explanation of these fields. -->}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.comacamerica.com/c929/ COMAC America] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191201085045/http://www.comacamerica.com/c929/ |date=2019-12-01 }}
* {{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2019-04-20/uac-denies-media-reports-cr929-sales-dispute-comac |title= UAC Denies Media Reports on CR929 Sales Dispute with COMAC |author= Vladimir Karnozov |date= April 20, 2019 |work= AIN online}}

{{AVIC Aero Products}}

[[Category:Twinjets]]
[[Category:Wide-body aircraft]]

{{Sourceattribution|Comac C929}}