View source for Engineering:Double bell euphonium

{{Infobox Instrument
  | name=Double Bell Euphonium
  | image=Conn20Double20Bell201.jpg
  | image_capt=
  | background=brass
  | classification={{hlist
    | [[Engineering:Wind instrument|Wind]]
    | Brass
    | Aerophone
  }}
  | hornbostel_sachs=423.232 & 423.233
  | hornbostel_sachs_desc=Valved aerophone sounded by lip vibration
  | developed=Until 1960
  | range=[[Image:Euphonium range.svg|190px|center]]
  | related={{hlist
    | [[Engineering:Euphonium|Euphonium]]
    | [[Engineering:Baritone horn|Baritone Horn]]
    | Double horn
    | [[Engineering:Trombone|Trombone]]
    | Alto horn
    | [[Engineering:Tuba|Tuba]]
  }}
}}
The '''double bell euphonium''' is a duplex instrument based on the [[Engineering:Euphonium|euphonium]]. The larger bell produces the mellow tone of a standard euphonium; the second smaller bell has a brighter tone, similar to a [[Engineering:Baritone horn|baritone horn]] or valve trombone.  The instrument is sometimes dismissed as a novelty, but has had a small number of enthusiastic adherents, although few professional musicians use it as their sole or primary instrument.  The smaller bell can give more appropriate tone in the higher range of the instrument.  The two bells can also be used for special effects, such as echoes, and using the distinctly different tone of the two bells for a single musician to give the effect of [[Social:Call and response|call and response]].

== Construction ==
The last valve on the horn (either the fourth or the fifth, depending upon the model) is used to switch the sound from the main bell to the secondary bell. Both bells cannot play at the same time because each bell usually has its own tuning slide loop, such that they can be matched adequately for consistent performance. Unlike the double horn, there is only one set of valve slides with a double bell euphonium, so only the basic pitch of the two bells can be matched.

[[File:Euphonium - Male (PSF).png|right|thumb|Double bell euphonium being played]]

==History of the double bell euphonium==

The double bell variation of the euphonium was mass-produced starting in the 1880s, first produced by the C.G. Conn company in the United States [http://www.cgconn.com/content/history.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111114052558/http://www.cgconn.com/content/history.php |date=2011-11-14 }}. Other major U.S. brass-instrument manufacturers soon began production of similar instruments. The instrument was first popularized by Italian-born euphonium virtuoso Miguel Raffayolo, soloist with the Patrick Gilmore band, documented in American newspapers by 1880.<ref>"News and Gossip." Danville (NY) Adviser, 27 May 1880.</ref> Harry Whittier, also of Gilmore's band, took up the instrument by 1888; the John Philip Sousa band added the instrument the following year [Bone Paull and Morris, p.&nbsp;12], with other US brass bands following the example. Peak production of the instrument was from about the 1890s into the 1920s, although it was never one of the more popular brass instruments. In the 19th century press, Raffayolo is described as inventor the instrument, known then as the "Euphonium Trombone."<ref>"Music Loved by the Masses." New York Press, 29 December 1889. ("The...instrument was invented by the versatile Signor Raffayolo and is a euphonium with a trombone bell attached so that by pressing a piston the trombone bell may be used.")</ref>

===Decline===
The last double bell euphoniums were made around 1960.  In practice, most double bell models ended up being used with the large bell only, effectively  a very heavy single bell euphonium. 
About the second bell, famous euphonium soloist Arthur W. Lehman once said during a Marine Band concert,  "We use it to  hold our white gloves when we are not wearing them."<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.artmusicemporium.com/josh/Performer/Degree/PDegreeFiles/DBEuphPaper.pdf|title = Double Bell Euphonium, I Beg Your Pardon?|date = 8 November 2012|access-date = 28 October 2015|publisher = University of Hartford, Hartt School|last = Long|first = Joshua E.|page = 11}}</ref>

== Soloists ==
Simone Mantia used to play a double-bell euphonium as a virtuoso. While part of the Sousa and Pryor Bands, Simone at times favoured the double-belled euphonium and he even composed "Priscilla" (in tribute to Jane Priscilla Sousa), a double-bell euphonium solo.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-juUrSD64CA | title=- YouTube | website=[[Company:YouTube|YouTube]] }}</ref>

== Current Production ==
[https://www.wessex-tubas.com/ Wessex Tubas] currently manufactures a double-bell euphonium, the [https://www.wessex-tubas.com/products/duplex-eb-euphonium-ep105 Wessex Duplex Bb Euphonium - EP105 P].

== References ==
* '''Guide to the Euphonium Repertoire: the Euphonium Source Book''' by Lloyd E. Bone, Eric Paull, R. Winston Morris
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18I1tFdO1MI Double Bell Euphonium Solo, "The Swiss Boy," by Lynn A. Selke, Venice, FL, Concert Band] [[Company:YouTube|YouTube]] of double bell euphonium solo
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kXG0Ow7lMn8 Double Bell Euphonium - David Werden: Neapolitan Dance] YouTube of double bell euphonium with [[Engineering:Piano|piano]] accompaniment
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[[Category:B-flat instruments]]

{{Sourceattribution|Double bell euphonium}}