View source for Engineering:Fiat Croma

{{Short description|Name used for two different large family cars produced by Italian automaker Fiat}}
{{Infobox automobile
| name          = Fiat Croma
| image         = 2010 Fiat Croma facelift.JPG
| production    = 1985–1996<br />2005–2010
| manufacturer  = Fiat
| class         = Large family car ([[Engineering:D-segment|D]])
| layout        = [[Engineering:Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout|Front-engine, front-wheel-drive]]
| predecessor   = [[Engineering:Fiat Argenta|Fiat Argenta]] (as sedan)
| successor     = Fiat Freemont
}}
The '''Fiat Croma''' name was used for two distinct large family cars by  Fiat, one a five door [[Engineering:Liftback|liftback]] manufactured and marketed from 1985 to 1996, and after a nine-year hiatus, a crossover [[Engineering:Station wagon|station wagon]] manufactured and marketed from 2005 to 2010. {{TOC left}}{{clear}}

=={{anchor|154|First|1985}}First generation (1985–1996)==
{{Infobox automobile
| name          = First generation (154)
| image         = Fiat Croma front 20071102.jpg
| caption       = First facelift model (1988–1991)
| production    = 1985–1996
| designer      = Giorgetto Giugiaro at Italdesign
| platform      = [[Engineering:Type Four platform|Type Four platform]] ''(Tipo Quattro)''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fiat-tipo-portugal.com/curiosidades.htm |title=Curiosidades Tipo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305183446/http://fiat-tipo-portugal.com/curiosidades.htm |archive-date=5 March 2012 |publisher=Fiat Tipo Portugal |access-date=30 December 2013}}</ref>
| body_style    = 5-door [[Engineering:Liftback|liftback]]
| engine        = 
| transmission  = 
| wheelbase     = {{convert|2660|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length        = {{convert|4495|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width         = {{convert|1755|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height        = {{convert|1425|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight        = {{convert|1095|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} approx
| related       = [[Engineering:Saab 9000|Saab 9000]]<br />[[Engineering:Lancia Thema|Lancia Thema]]<br />[[Engineering:Alfa Romeo 164|Alfa Romeo 164]]
| predecessor   = [[Engineering:Fiat Argenta|Fiat Argenta]]
| successor     = 
| assembly = Mirafiori, [[Place:Turin|Turin]], Italy
}}
[[File:1987 Fiat Croma CHT rear.jpg|left|thumb|1987 Fiat Croma CHT]]

The original Croma (Type 154) was a five door [[Engineering:Notchback|notchback]] [[Engineering:Liftback|liftback]] styled by Giorgetto Giugiaro of Italdesign using the [[Engineering:Type Four platform|Type Four platform]], cooperatively used with the [[Engineering:Saab 9000|Saab 9000]], [[Engineering:Lancia Thema|Lancia Thema]] and [[Engineering:Alfa Romeo 164|Alfa Romeo 164]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classicandperformancecar.com/front_website/octane_interact/carspecs.php/?see=4015 |title=Octane Model Specs |publisher=Classicandperformancecar.com |access-date=1 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311215248/http://www.classicandperformancecar.com/front_website/octane_interact/carspecs.php/?see=4015 |archive-date=11 March 2012 }}</ref> 

Released in December 1985, it was marketed in the large family car segment, replacing the [[Engineering:Fiat Argenta|Argenta]] in the Fiat lineup. The Croma was the first large car produced by Fiat to feature a transverse mounted engine and front wheel drive.<ref>''Autocar'' Test Update 19 August 1987</ref>

===Facelift===
[[File:Fiat Croma front 20080118.jpg|thumb|left|Fiat Croma (after the facelift of 1991).]]
[[File:Fiat Croma rear 20080118.jpg|thumb|Rear view.]]
The Croma received a light facelift for 1988, first shown in Frankfurt in September 1987. The black plastic between the rear lamps was now ridged rather than smooth, the lower portion of the bumpers were body coloured, and the turn signals received clear glass rather than amber.<ref name="A19">{{cite journal |first=Giancarlo |last=Baghetti |title=Che diesel volete? |trans-title=Which diesel do you want? |page=19 |journal=Auto Oggi |volume=2 |number=54 |publisher=Arnoldo Mondadori Editore |location=Verona, Italy |date=17 December 1987 |language=it}}</ref> 

The front appearance received some other light modifications to bring appearance in line with that of the recently introduced [[Engineering:Fiat Tipo (Type 160)|Tipo]].<ref name="QR0189">{{cite magazine | magazine = Quattroruote | title = Le nostre "stelle" | trans-title = Our "stars" | language = it |date=January 1989 | volume = 34 | issue = 399 | publisher = Editoriale Domus | location = Milan, Italy | editor-first = Raffaele | editor-last = Mastrostefano | pages = 90–91 }}</ref>

A more significant facelift was released in January 1991, with a new front design, including changes to the lights, bumpers grille and sheet metal changes to wings and bonnet. Also in 1991, the direct injected diesel engine was equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger ("VNT").<ref name="honeywell.com">{{cite web |url=http://turbo.honeywell.com/why-choose-honeywell/turbo-pioneer/ |title=Turbo Pioneer |website=honeywell.com |access-date=22 January 2014}}</ref> Another facelift was released in June 1993.

Production ended in December 1996, and Fiat left the large family car segment. The Bravo/Brava based [[Engineering:Fiat Marea|Fiat Marea]] small family car debuted at the same time as the Croma's cancellation. 

===Engines===
The Croma was available with a variety of petrol and diesel engines, most of the petrol units coming from Fiat's Twin Cam engine family.

Base models had a single cam 1585&nbsp;cc four with {{cvt|83|hp-metric|kW|0}} and the 1995&nbsp;cc, {{cvt|90|hp-metric|kW|0}} "Controlled High Turbulence" (CHT) engine, followed by two fuel injected 2.0&nbsp;litre twin cam powerplants, one with {{cvt|120|hp-metric|kW|0}} and the other a [[Engineering:Turbocharger|turbocharged]] and intercooled version giving {{cvt|155|hp-metric|kW|0}}.

The later 2.5&nbsp;L V6 petrol unit was from Alfa Romeo, but as with the 1.6&nbsp;L engine it was not available in all markets. The 2.0 CHT was designed specifically to provide low fuel consumption under light and medium loads thanks to two separate inlet manifolds of different diameters.<ref name="l'automobile">{{cite journal | title = Fiat Croma: En quête d'image | trans-title = On a quest for image | journal = L'Automobile Magazine | page = 34 | first = Jean-Claude | last = Letrou | issn = 0758-6957 |date=January 1986 | language = fr | location = Neuilly-sur-Seine, France | publisher = Societé des Editions Techniques et Touristiques de France }}</ref>

The Fiat Croma was the first passenger car in the world to have a direct injection Diesel (Turbo D i.d.) engine, going on sale in 1988.<ref name="QR0189"/><ref name="fiat.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.fiat.com/com/air-technologies|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808202040/http://www.fiat.com/com/air-technologies|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 August 2013|title=Air technologies - Heritage|work=fiat.com}}</ref> The 1.9&nbsp;L fitted with a turbocharger with direct injection produces {{cvt|92|hp-metric|kW|0}}. It was joined by the 2499&nbsp;cc unit supplied by [[Company:Iveco|Iveco]], with a normally aspirated version giving {{cvt|75|hp-metric|kW|0}} and a turbocharged one with {{cvt|115|hp-metric|kW|0}}. The latter version replaced the original 2446&nbsp;cc with {{cvt|100|hp-metric|kW|0}}.

Diesel engined variants of this car were not marketed in the United Kingdom.

{|
|-
| valign="top"|

====Petrol====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-  style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
!Model
!Engine
!Displacement
!Power
|-
|'''1.6'''||I4 SOHC 8V||1585 cc|| {{cvt|83|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''CHT'''||I4 DOHC 8V||1995 cc|| {{cvt|90|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''CHT'''||I4 DOHC 8V||1995 cc|| {{cvt|101|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''i.e.'''||I4 DOHC 8V||1995 cc|| {{cvt|113|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''i.e.'''||I4 DOHC 8V||1995 cc|| {{cvt|115|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''i.e.'''||I4 DOHC 8V||1995 cc|| {{cvt|120|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''i.e. 16V'''||I4 DOHC 16V||1995 cc|| {{cvt|137|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''i.e. Turbo'''||I4 DOHC 8V||1995 cc|| {{cvt|150|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''i.e. Turbo'''||I4 DOHC 8V||1995 cc|| {{cvt|155|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''V6'''||V6 SOHC 12V||2492&nbsp;cc|| {{cvt|160|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|}

====Diesel====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-  style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
!Model
!Engine
!Displacement
!Power
|-
|'''Turbo D i.d.'''||I4 SOHC 8V||1929 cc|| {{cvt|92|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''Diesel'''||I4 SOHC 8V||2499 cc|| {{cvt|75|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''Turbo Diesel'''||I4 SOHC 8V||2446 cc|| {{cvt|100|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''2500 TD'''||I4 SOHC 8V||2499 cc|| {{cvt|101|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''2500 TD'''||I4 SOHC 8V||2499 cc|| {{cvt|115|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|-
|'''2500 TDE'''||I4 SOHC 8V||2499 cc|| {{cvt|105|hp-metric|kW|0}}
|}
|}

=={{anchor|Second generation}}Second generation (2005–2010)==
{{Infobox automobile
| name          = Second generation (194)
| image         = Frontale3quarti FiatCroma.JPG
| production    = 2005–2010 ([[Physics:Left- and right-hand traffic|LHD]])<ref name="autoedizione.nl">{{cite web |url=http://www.autoedizione.nl/2011/01/17/fiat-croma-uit-productie-het-einde-van-een-tijdperk/ |title=Fiat Croma uit productie; het einde van een tijdperk |website=autoedizione.nl |language=nl |access-date=6 April 2011}}</ref><br />2005–2007 ([[Physics:Left- and right-hand traffic|RHD]])
| assembly      = Cassino&nbsp;– Piedimonte S. Germano (Frosinone), Italy
| designer      = Giorgetto Giugiaro at Italdesign
| platform      = [[Engineering:GM Epsilon platform|GM Epsilon platform]]
| body_style    = 5-door [[Engineering:Minivan|MPV]]
| related       = [[Engineering:Cadillac BLS|Cadillac BLS]]<br />[[Engineering:Opel Signum|Opel Signum]]<br />[[Engineering:Opel Vectra|Opel Vectra]]<br />[[Engineering:Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3]]
| engine        = 
| transmission  = 5- and 6-speed [[Engineering:Manual transmission|manual]]<br />6-speed [[Engineering:Automatic transmission|automatic]]
| wheelbase     = {{convert|2700|mm|in||abbr=on}}
| length        = {{convert|4755|mm|in||abbr=on}}<br />{{convert|4783|mm|in||abbr=on}} (facelift)
| width         = {{convert|1775|mm|in||abbr=on}}
| height        = {{convert|1600|mm|in||abbr=on}}
| weight        =
| predecessor   =
| successor     = Fiat Freemont
| sp = uk
}}
[[File:CROMAarr.JPG|thumb|left|Fiat Croma (2006)]]
In March 2005, Fiat announced a large crossover wagon with an upright tailgate, reminiscent of that of the [[Engineering:Fiat Stilo|Fiat Stilo]], resurrecting the Croma nameplate. Giugiaro once again styled the exterior, while the chassis was provided via the short lived link with [[Company:General Motors|General Motors]].

The new Croma (Type 194) is therefore based on the extended variant of the [[Engineering:GM Epsilon platform|GM Epsilon platform]] sharing components with the [[Engineering:Opel Vectra|Opel Vectra]], [[Engineering:Opel Signum|Opel Signum]] and [[Engineering:Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3]]. It went on sale in Italy in June 2005. The car was shown in the [[Engineering:Geneva Motor Show|Geneva Motor Show]] in 2005.

Unlike the previous model, and aware of its lack of image in the upper market segments, Fiat opted for not developing a standard large family car, but developing a "Comfort Wagon",<ref>[http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/carreviews/firstdrives/56228/fiat_croma.html Car Reviews: First Drives: Fiat Croma] - Autoexpress</ref> an automobile with design elements of both [[Engineering:Station wagon|estate]]s and large MPVs.


The car was still offered, but only on special order, with [[Physics:Left- and right-hand traffic|RHD]] models manufactured to customer specifications. Production of the second generation Croma ceased in the end of 2010 and was replaced by the Dodge-based Fiat Freemont.

===Safety===
The Croma has seven [[Engineering:Airbag|airbag]]s as standard, including one knee bag for the driver. As standard, the Croma is equipped with [[Engineering:Anti-lock braking system|anti-lock braking system]] and [[Engineering:Electronic brakeforce distribution|electronic brakeforce distribution]]. It has a five star Euro NCAP crash rating for adult occupant protection:
{{Euro NCAP |year=2008 |description=Fiat Croma |reference_code=237 |adult_stars=5 |adult_score=34 |child_stars=4 |child_score=39 |pedestrian_stars=1 |pedestrian_score=6 }}

===Facelift===
[[File:2010 Fiat Croma.JPG|thumb|left|Facelifted Fiat Croma]]
The Croma got a major facelift in November 2007, and was termed the ''Nuova Croma''. A new grille ([[Engineering:Fiat Bravo (2007)|Bravo]] look) and rear bumper, as well as some material changes inside are the main differences. Fiat now designates the revised model as "Station Wagon" instead of the previously used term "Comfort Wagon".<ref name="italiaspeed.com/new_models/2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.italiaspeed.com/new_models/2007/fiat/nuova_croma/introduction.html |title=Nuova Fiat Croma |website=italiaspeed.com |access-date=13 November 2007}}</ref> The ''Nuova Croma'' was only sold in mainland Europe, excluding the {{wipe|United Kingdom}}.

===Engines===
The Croma, built at Fiat's Cassino factory, had three trim levels and five engine options. Like the chassis, petrol engines were supplied by Opel, beginning with the brand new evolution of the Family 1 ''Ecotec'' 1.8&nbsp;L with {{cvt|140|hp-metric|kW|0}}, followed by the torquier L850 ''Ecotec'' 2.2&nbsp;L with {{cvt|147|hp-metric|kW|0}}.

However, the bulk of the sales is represented by Fiat's own Multijet engine, available in three variants 1.9&nbsp;L with 8 valves and {{cvt|120|hp-metric|kW|0}}, 1.9&nbsp;L with 16 valves and {{cvt|150|hp-metric|kW|0}}, and the range topping, five-cylinder 2.4&nbsp;L 20V with {{cvt|200|hp-metric|kW|0}}. The diesel engines were fitted with a standard six-speed manual gearbox, a six-speed automatic was also available and was standard fitment on the 2.4 engines.

====Petrol====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;
|-  style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
!Model
!Engine
!Displacement
!Power
!Torque
|- 
|'''1.8 MPI 16V'''||DOHC 16V I4||1796 cc|| {{cvt|140|hp-metric|kW|0}} at 6300 rpm || {{convert|175|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 3800 rpm
|- 
|'''2.2 MPI 16V'''||DOHC 16V I4||2198 cc|| {{cvt|147|hp-metric|kW|0}} at 5800 rpm || {{convert|203|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 4000 rpm
|}

====Diesel====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-  style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"
!Model
!Engine
!Displacement
!Power
!Torque
|-
|'''1.9 MultiJet 8V'''||SOHC 8V I4||1910 cc|| {{cvt|120|hp-metric|kW|0}} at 4,000 rpm || {{convert|280|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,000 rpm
|-
|'''1.9 MultiJet 16V'''||DOHC 16V I4||1910 cc|| {{cvt|150|hp-metric|kW|0}} at 4,000 rpm || {{convert|320|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,000 rpm
|-
|'''2.4 MultiJet 20V'''||DOHC 20V I5||2387 cc|| {{cvt|200|hp-metric|kW|0}} at 4,000 rpm || {{convert|400|Nm|lb·ft|0|abbr=on}} at 2,000 rpm
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.euroncap.com/tests/fiat_croma_2005/237.aspx Fiat Croma EuroNCAP results]

{{Fiat}}
{{Modern European Fiat vehicles}}

[[Category:Front-wheel-drive vehicles]]
[[Category:Sedans]]
[[Category:Crossover sport utility vehicles]]

{{Sourceattribution|Fiat Croma}}