View source for Engineering:Freescale S08

The '''9S08''' ('''68HCS08''' or '''S08''' for short) is a [[8-bit|8-bit]] [[Engineering:Microcontroller|microcontroller]] (µC) family originally produced by [[Company:Motorola|Motorola]], later by [[Company:Freescale Semiconductor|Freescale Semiconductor]],<ref>http://www.freescale.com/webapp/sps/site/homepage.jsp?code=8BITMCU</ref> and currently by NXP, descended from the Motorola 6800 microprocessor.  It is a [[Complex instruction set computer|CISC]] microcontroller.  A slightly extended variant of the [[Engineering:Freescale 68HC08|68HC08]], it shares upward compatibility with the aging [[Engineering:Motorola 68HC05|68HC05]] microcontrollers, and is found in almost any type of embedded systems. The larger members offer up to 128&nbsp;KiB of [[Flash memory|flash]], and 8&nbsp;KiB of [[Random-access memory|RAM]] via a simple [[Memory management unit|MMU]] which allows bank-switching 16&nbsp;KiB of the address space and an address/data register pair which allows data fetches from any address.  The paging scheme used allows for a theoretical maximum of 4MB of flash.<ref>{{cite techreport |title=Understanding Memory Paging in 9S08 Devices |first1=Eduardo |last1=Viramontes |first2=Rick |last2=Li |publisher=Freescale Technical Support |type=Appication Note|id=AN3730 |version=Rev. 0 |date=May 2008 |url=https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/application-note/AN3730.pdf}}</ref>
MMU equipped variants offer two extra CPU instructions, CALL and RTC, which are used instead of JSR and RTS respectively when dealing with subroutines placed in paged memory, allowing direct page-to-page subroutine calls.  In a single atomic operation, CALL saves and RTC restores not only the PC but also one extra address byte, the PPAGE (program page) byte. Because of this extra byte, and to also keep the stack balanced, a subroutine ending with RTC must always be called with CALL, even if it resides in the same memory page.

Internally, the 9S08 instruction set is upward compatible with the 6805, with the addition of [[Call stack|stack]] indexed [[Addressing mode|addressing mode]]s.  (Instructions using the SP [[Processor register|register]] have [[Opcode|opcode]]s prefixed with the byte 0x9E).  It has a single eight-bit [[Accumulator (computing)|accumulator]], A, one sixteen-bit [[Index register|index register]], HX (whose lower half, X, is used in isolation by 6805-compatible instructions), a condition code register, a [[16-bit|16-bit]] stack pointer, and a [[Program counter|program counter]].  For compatibility with the 6805 which does not have an H register, the most significant byte of the HX register, H, is cleared during reset, and H is the only register not stacked automatically when entering any ISR ([[Interrupt handler|Interrupt Service Routine]]).<ref>{{cite manual |title=HCS08 Family Reference Manual |url=https://cache.freescale.com/files/microcontrollers/doc/ref_manual/HCS08RMV1.pdf |id=HCS08RMv1/D |version=Rev. 2 |date=May 2007 |publisher=Freescale Semiconductor}}</ref>{{Rp|81}}  Unlike the 6805, the stack can be placed anywhere in memory using appropriate instructions.

The standard method of programming or debugging the 9S08 family is via a standard 6-pin BDM interface (only one pin is used for communication with the microcontroller).

A wide variety of peripherals is available for different members and/or packages.  SCI, SPI, 8/10/12-bit A/D, (C)PWM, Input Captures, and Output Compares are common with most members, but no external bus is available. Some members come with a built-in [[CAN bus|CAN]] controller.

== Compiler Support ==

The S08 is supported by the free C compiler [[Software:Small Device C Compiler|SDCC]] and by [[Software:CodeWarrior|CodeWarrior]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Refbegin}}
* [http://www.aspisys.com/asm8.htm Win/Linux-based freeware macro cross-assembler (ASM8)]
* [http://www.aspisys.com/code Example assembly language code written for ASM8]
{{Refend}}

{{Motorola_microcontrollers}}

[[Category:Microcontrollers]]

{{Sourceattribution|Freescale S08|1}}