View source for Engineering:Ilyushin Il-76

{{Short description|Russian heavy military transport aircraft}}
<!-- This article is a part of Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft. Please see Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout, and guidelines. -->
{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
| name = Il-76
| image = File:IL-76MD - TankBiathlon2013 (modified).jpg
| caption = A {{wipe|Russian Air Force}} Il-76MD
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
| type = Strategic and tactical airlifter
| national origin = Soviet Union / Russia
| design group = Ilyushin
| builder = Tashkent Aviation Production Association <br>Aviastar-SP
| designer = <!--Only appropriate for designers, not project leaders -->
| first flight = 25 March 1971
| introduced = June 1974<ref name=but2004/>
| status = In service
| primary user = {{wipe|Soviet Air Forces}} (historical)<!--Limit one (1) primary user. Top four (4) users listed in 'primary user' and 'more users' fields based on number of aircraft in service. -->
| more users = [[Organization:Russian Aerospace Forces|Russian Aerospace Forces]] <br/> {{wipe|Ukrainian Air Force}} <br/> {{wipe|Indian Air Force}} <!-- Limit is THREE (3) in 'more users' field, FOUR (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br />. Listed by actual number in their fleets.-->
| produced = 1971–present<!--Years in production (e.g. 1970–99) if still in active use but no longer built -->
| number built = 969<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://russianplanes.net/planelist/Ilushin/Il-76/78/A-50#years |website=russianplanes.net |title= САМОЛЁТЫ ИЛЬЮШИН ИЛ-76/78/А-50 - РЕЕСТР |access-date=2024-01-24}}</ref>
| variants with their own articles = [[Engineering:Ilyushin Il-78|Ilyushin Il-78]] <br />[[Engineering:Beriev A-50|Beriev A-50]] <br />[[Engineering:Beriev A-100|Beriev A-100]] <br />[[Engineering:KJ-2000|KJ-2000]]
}}
|}

The '''Ilyushin Il-76''' ({{lang-ru|Илью́шин Ил-76}}; NATO reporting name: '''Candid''') is a multi-purpose, fixed-wing, four-engine [[Engineering:Turbofan|turbofan]] strategic airlifter designed by the [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]]'s Ilyushin design bureau as a commercial freighter in 1967, to replace the [[Engineering:Antonov An-12|Antonov An-12]]. It was developed to deliver heavy machinery to remote, poorly served areas. Military versions of the Il-76 have been widely used in Europe, Asia and Africa, including use as an aerial refueling tanker or command center.

The Il-76 has seen extensive service as a commercial freighter for ramp-delivered cargo, especially for outsized or heavy items that cannot be carried by other means. It has also been used as an emergency response transport for civilian evacuations as well as for humanitarian aid and disaster relief around the world. Due to its ability to operate from unpaved runways, it has been useful in undeveloped areas. Specialized models have also been produced for aerial firefighting and zero-G training.

==Design and development==
[[File:Volga-Dnepr IL-76 RA-76950 (8222957212) (2).jpg|thumb|The Il-76 is a high-wing freighter with four turbofans and a T-tail]]

===Origins===
The aircraft was conceived by Ilyushin in 1967 to meet a requirement for a freighter able to carry a payload of {{convert|40|t|lb}} over a range of {{convert|5000|km|nmi mi}} in less than six hours, able to operate from short{{vague|date=August 2022}} and unprepared airstrips, and capable of coping with the worst weather conditions likely to be experienced in Siberia and the Soviet Union's Arctic regions. It was intended to replace the [[Engineering:Antonov An-12|Antonov An-12]]. Another project design for a double-decked 250-passenger airliner was cancelled. The Il-76 first flew in {{start date|1971|3}}.<ref>{{cite news|title= Ilyushin|agency= Flight International|publisher= Flightglobal |date= 4 December 1996 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ilyushin-10206/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130523125647/http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ilyushin-10206/|archive-date= 2013-05-23 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

Production of Il-76s was allocated to the Tashkent Aviation Production Association in [[Place:Tashkent|Tashkent]], Uzbekistan, then a republic of the [[Place:Soviet Union|Soviet Union]]. Some 860 of the basic transport variants were manufactured.<ref name=butowski/> In the 1990s, modernized variants also equipped with [[Engineering:Soloviev D-30|Soloviev D-30]] turbofan engines<ref>{{cite journal|title=Commercial aircraft of the world–Ilyushin Il-76|journal=Flight International |date=4–10 September 1991|volume=4283|issue=140|pages=66 |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1991/1991%20-%202340.html|access-date=15 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116075006/https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1991/1991%20-%202340.html|archive-date=16 November 2017 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> were developed (MF, TF), with a cargo compartment {{cvt|20|m|||}} long by {{cvt|3.4|m|||}} wide by {{cvt|3.4|m|||}} tall; these larger variants were not produced in significant quantity due to the financial difficulties being experienced by the Russian Air Force, which was the primary operator of the type.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}} The prototype of the Il-76MF conducted its first flight on 1 August 1995.{{citation needed|date=April 2018}}

===Further development===
From 2004 onwards, a number of aircraft in commercial service were modernized to the Il-76TD-90VD version; this involved the adoption of the newly developed [[Engineering:Aviadvigatel PS-90|PS-90]] engine to comply with European noise limitations.<ref name=but2004>Butowski, Piotr. ''Iliuszyn Ił-76 powraca''. ''Lotnictwo'' nr. 9/2004, p. 28–32 {{in lang|pl}}</ref> In 2005, the People's Republic of China placed an order for 34 new Il-76MDs and four Il-78 tankers.{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}} In June 2013, Russian military export agency Rosoboronexport announced an order by China for 12 Il-76MD aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/il-76-transporter-china.htm |title=IL-76MD aircraft will be provided to China |access-date=2013-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130624074440/http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/il-76-transporter-china.htm |archive-date=2013-06-24 |url-status=dead}}{{unreliable source? |date=July 2013}}</ref>

[[File:Ильюшин Ил-76-78-А-50 0083483510, Москва - ВнуковоRP38653.jpg|thumb|Landing gear of an Ilyushin Il-76]]
[[File:Landing of the Il-76 transport aircraft at the Brest airport.jpg|thumb|Landing of the Il-76 transport aircraft at the Brest airport]]
The Il-76 has also been modified into an airborne refuelling tanker, designated the Il-78, around 50 aircraft having been produced.<ref name=butowski/> A variant of the Il-76 also serves as a firefighting waterbomber. Its airframe was used as a base for the Beriev [[Engineering:Beriev A-50|A-50 'Mainstay']] AEW&C (airborne early warning and control) aircraft; around 25 aircraft were made.<ref name=butowski/> Another application for the type was found in Antarctic support flights and for conducting [[Astronomy:Reduced-gravity aircraft|simulated weightlessness]] training for cosmonauts (akin to the "Vomit Comet" used by NASA).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Марка_России_2006г_№1073-Самолет_ИЛ-76ТД_и_научно-экспедиционное_судно_%22Академик_Федоров%22;_панорама_станции.jpg|title=File:Марка России 2006г №1073-Самолет ИЛ-76ТД и научно-экспедиционное судно "Академик Федоров"; панорама станции.jpg |date=2006-01-26|work=Stamps of Russia|publisher=Publishing and Trading Centre "Marka"|access-date=2009-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203513/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_2006%D0%B3_%E2%84%961073-%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%98%D0%9B-76%D0%A2%D0%94_%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE_%22%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%22;_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8.jpg|archive-date=2013-10-29 |url-status=live}}</ref> Beriev and NPO Almaz also developed an airborne laser flying laboratory designated [[Engineering:Beriev A-60|A-60]], of which two were built, much of this project's details remaining classified.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airwar.ru/enc/other/a60.html|title=âÅÒÉÅ× á-60|website=airwar.ru|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180818093345/http://airwar.ru/enc/other/a60.html|archive-date=18 August 2018 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Il-76MD-90A===
It was announced in 2010 that the production of a modernized Il-76, the Il-76MD-90A (also known as ''project Il-476'' during the design stage), would begin; a proposed new production line would be located in Aviastar's facility in Ulyanovsk, Russia, and be operated in cooperation with the Tashkent works.<ref name=butowski>Butowski, Piotr. ''Rosyjski kontrakt na Ił-76 i Ił-78 dla Chin''. ''Lotnictwo'' nr. 1/2007, pp. 54–55 {{in lang|pl}}</ref> At that point, the construction of two Il-76MD-90A prototypes had begun at the Ulyanovsk facility.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vpk.name/news/41009_postavki_transportnikov_il476_zakazchikam_nachnutsya_v_2012_godu.html |title=Поставки транспортников Ил-476 заказчикам начнутся в 2012 году – ВПК.name |date=2 July 2010 |publisher=Vpk.name |access-date=2010-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124194410/http://vpk.name/news/41009_postavki_transportnikov_il476_zakazchikam_nachnutsya_v_2012_godu.html |archive-date=2011-01-24 |url-status=live}}</ref> The first Il-76MD-90A was rolled out at Aviastar's Ulyanovsk plant on 16 June 2014.<ref name="DID_Il-476"/> On 29 April 2015, it was reported that the Russian Aerospace Forces received the first Il-76MD-90A built at the Ulyanovsk plant "Aviastar-SP" from the 2012 contract for 39 aircraft.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20150429/1061634982.html |script-title=ru:Первый серийный самолет Ил-76МД-90А передан Минобороны России |language=ru |trans-title=The first production aircraft Il-76MD-90A passed the Russian Defense Ministry |newspaper=RIA Novosti |date=29 April 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501143543/http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20150429/1061634982.html |archive-date=May 1, 2015}}&nbsp;</ref> The Russian Ministry of Defence (MoD) received its first serial production Ilyushin Il-76MD-90A airlifter on 2 April 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/article/87659/russian-mod-receives-first-serial-production-il-76md-90a-airlifter |title=Russian MoD receives first serial production Il-76MD-90A airlifter &#124; Jane's 360 |access-date=2019-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404151310/https://www.janes.com/article/87659/russian-mod-receives-first-serial-production-il-76md-90a-airlifter |archive-date=2019-04-04 |url-status=live}}</ref> As of late-2023, 27 aircraft are ordered to be delivered in the period up to 2028 and 20 had been built, 6 in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4357839?from=main_8|title=Минобороны переоценило транспортные самолеты |date=28 May 2020|via=Kommersant}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tass.com/defense/1231263|title = Russian radars track 30 foreign spy planes and six drones over week}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0129/153061471/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / Предприятия ОАК выполнили гособоронзаказ в 2020 году|access-date=2021-01-30|archive-date=2021-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108054216/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0129/153061471/detail.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0716/103063597/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / Минобороны России получило новый военно-транспортный самолет Ил-76МД-90А|access-date=2021-07-18|archive-date=2021-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210194719/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0716/103063597/detail.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0909/093064415/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / Первый Ил-76МД-90А, собранный в АО "Авиастар-СП" на новой поточной линии, передан заказчику|access-date=2021-09-10|archive-date=2021-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210194718/https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0909/093064415/detail.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uacrussia.ru/ru/press-center/news/ocherednoy-seriynyy-samolet-il-76md-90a-peredan-v-ekspluatatsiyu|title=Очередной серийный самолет Ил-76МД-90А передан в эксплуатацию|website=www.uacrussia.ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2022/1012/091069867/detail.shtml | title=ЦАМТО / / ОАК передала Минобороны транспортники Ил-76МД-90А и Ил-76МД-М}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tass.com/defense/1542553 | title=Defense contractor delivers new top-notch military transport plane to Russian troops}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2022/1230/150571078/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / / ПАО «ОАК» выполнило гособоронзаказ 2022 года|website=armstrade.org|accessdate=February 27, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/0530/112073357/detail.shtml | title=ЦАМТО / / Очередной серийный Ил-76МД-90А передан в эксплуатацию}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/0811/121574590/detail.shtml | title=ЦАМТО / / ОАК передала Минобороны России очередной серийный Ил-76МД-90А}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/1018/154575904/detail.shtml | title=ЦАМТО / / ОАК передала в войска очередной военно-транспортный самолет Ил-76МД-90А}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=ЦАМТО / / Минобороны передан очередной серийный военно-транспортный самолет Ил-76МД-90А | website=ЦАМТО / Центр анализа мировой торговли оружием | date=2023-12-22 | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/1222/094077145/detail.shtml | language=ru | ref={{sfnref | ЦАМТО / Центр анализа мировой торговли оружием | 2023}} | access-date=2023-12-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=ЦАМТО / / ОАК: Минобороны за год получило шесть Ил-76, в планах утроить производство | website=armstrade.org | date=2023-12-26 | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2023/1226/144077229/detail.shtml | language=ru | ref={{sfnref | armstrade.org | 2023}} | access-date=2023-12-27}}</ref>{{Excessive citations inline|date=January 2024}}

==Operational history==
The first aircraft was delivered to the Soviet Air Force in June 1974<ref name=but2004/> and subsequently became the main Soviet strategic transport aircraft. From 1976, it was operated by Aeroflot.

[[File:2019 landing of Il-76MD on an unpaved airfield.webm|thumb|Video of Il-76MD landing on an unpaved runway]]
Between 1979 and 1991, the Soviet Air Force Il-76s made 14,700 flights into Afghanistan, transporting 786,200 servicemen and 315,800 tons of freight. The Il-76 carried 89% of Soviet troops and 74% of the freight that was airlifted. As Afghan rebels were unable to shoot down high-flying Il-76s, their tactics were to try and damage it on takeoff or landing. Il-76s were often hit by shoulder-launched Stinger and Strela heat-seeking missiles and large-calibre machine gun fire, but because the strong airframes were able to take substantial damage and remain operational, the aircraft had a remarkably low attrition rate during this period of conflict. Building on that experience, the bulk of the Canadian Forces equipment into Afghanistan was flown in using civilian Il-76s.<ref>[http://cmte.parl.gc.ca/cmte/CommitteePublication.aspx?SourceId=187014 Canadian Parliament Website] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013150828/http://cmte.parl.gc.ca/cmte/CommitteePublication.aspx?SourceId=187014 |date=October 13, 2007}}</ref> In 2006, the Russian Air Force had about 200 Il-76s. Civilian users in Russia have 108.<ref name=butowski/>

On 3 August 1995, an Airstan Ilyushin Il-76 piloted by a Russian crew was forced down by a [[Religion:Taliban|Taliban]]-controlled Afghanistan Air Force fighter in what became known as the Airstan incident. The crew were imprisoned for nearly a year, but later escaped out of their confinement and managed to sneak into their aircraft still at the airport and fly out of Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news |work= Associated Press|title=Russian Air Crew, Held in Afghanistan, Escapes to UAE |url=https://apnews.com/article/56e5bba6554b9bafec82dadc4f2da074}}</ref>

[[File:Indian Air Force IL-76 cockpit.JPG|thumb|USAF and {{wipe|Indian Air Force}} airmen work inside the cockpit of an Indian Il-76.]]
In 2004, a Chinese {{wipe|People's Liberation Army Air Force}} (PLAAF) Il-76 carried out a flight mission in Afghanistan, and later in 2011, PLAAF Il-76s were sent to Libya to evacuate Chinese citizens. The two missions were the reported first steps of PLAAF developing long-range transportation capability.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/il-76-transporter-china.htm |title=IL-76s' mission in PLAAF, China |access-date=2011-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015141956/http://www.airforceworld.com/pla/il-76-transporter-china.htm |archive-date=2011-10-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

On 23 March 2007, a Transaviaexport Il-76 was shot down by an anti-aircraft missile while taking off from Mogadishu, Somalia. Everybody on board, seven crew and four passengers, were killed.<ref>{{cite news|title= Cargo Plane Shot Down in Somalia|first= Mohamed Olad|last= Hassan|agency= Associated Press|newspaper= {{wipe|The Washington Post}} |date= 24 March 2007 |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/23/AR2007032301775.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121103010430/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/23/AR2007032301775.html|archive-date= 2012-11-03 |url-status= dead}}</ref>

{{wipe|Syrian Air Force}} Il-76s, operating as civil Syrianair aircraft, have been reportedly used to ship weapons, money, and other cargo from Russia and Iran to Syria, according to a defected Syrian military pilot. Since the start of the war, in April 2011 (and up to July 2012), around 20 military flights have been conducted to and from [[Place:Tehran|Tehran]], via Iraqi airspace. Further information exposes that since around 2012, Syrian Il-76s have regularly flown to Moscow's Vnukovo Airport to fetch shipments of Syrian banknotes that have been useful to Bashar al-Assad's government to survive Western sanctions.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9949957/I-flew-secret-missions-carrying-cash-and-weapons-into-Syria-for-Assad-pilot-reveals.html |location=London |work=The Daily Telegraph |first=Nigel |last=Wilson |title=I flew secret missions carrying cash and weapons into Syria for Assad, pilot reveals |date=24 March 2013 |access-date=3 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413063140/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/syria/9949957/I-flew-secret-missions-carrying-cash-and-weapons-into-Syria-for-Assad-pilot-reveals.html |archive-date=13 April 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/flight-records-list-russia-sending-tons-of-cash-to-syria|title=Flight Records Say Russia Sent Syria Tons of Cash|first=Jeff Larson|last=Dafna Linzer |date=26 November 2012|website=ProPublica|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190125160838/https://www.propublica.org/article/flight-records-list-russia-sending-tons-of-cash-to-syria |archive-date=25 January 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.contact.az/docs/2013/Politics/032600032347en.htm#.Ud5Cym15uJI|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130417065522/http://www.contact.az/docs/2013/Politics/032600032347en.htm |url-status=dead|title=NEWS – AZERBAIJAN – TURAN NEWS AGENCY|archive-date=April 17, 2013|website=www.contact.az}}</ref>

On 14 June 2014, a {{wipe|Ukrainian Air Force}} Il-76 was shot down by ground fire from pro-Russian separatists while on approach to landing at Luhansk, resulting in the deaths of 40 soldiers and nine crew members on board.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ukrainian military plane with at least 49 aboard shot down |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/13/world/europe/ukraine-crisis/ |newspaper=edition.cnn.com |date=14 June 2014 |access-date=14 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617010111/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/13/world/europe/ukraine-crisis |archive-date=17 June 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27845313 |title=Ukraine crisis: Military plane shot down in Luhansk |date=14 June 2014 |work=BBC Online |access-date=14 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140614064304/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-27845313 |archive-date=14 June 2014 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>[http://news.xin.msn.com/en/world/49-killed-when-ukraine-military-plane-downed-defence-spokesman-1 "49 killed when Ukraine military plane downed: defence spokesman"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714201119/http://news.xin.msn.com/en/world/49-killed-when-ukraine-military-plane-downed-defence-spokesman-1 |date=2014-07-14}}. xin.msn.com</ref>

On 30 January 2017, an IL-76 firebomber of the Russian EMERCOM agency was deployed to {{wipe|Chile}} to assist firefighters. The assignment took 39 days.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fireaviation.com/2017/02/27/russian-il-76-completes-its-assignment-in-chile/|title=Russian IL-76 completes its assignment in Chile|last=Gabbert|first=Bill|website=Fire Aviation|access-date=2017-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629231957/http://fireaviation.com/2017/02/27/russian-il-76-completes-its-assignment-in-chile/|archive-date=2017-06-29 |url-status=live |date=2017-02-27}}</ref>

All Il-76 transport aircraft in service with the RF Aerospace Forces were to receive anti-missile systems, and aircraft reconfiguration started in spring 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/2019-news-aerospace-industry-air-force/august/5326-il-76-aircraft-to-receive-new-onboard-defense-systems.html |title = Il-76 aircraft to receive new onboard defense systems}}</ref>

On 25 February 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Ukrainian State Special Communications Agency and US officials claimed that Russian Il-76s were shot down over Bila Tserkva.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-business-europe-united-nations-kyiv-6ccba0905f1871992b93712d3585f548 |work=AP News |title=Live updates: Zelenskyy declines US offer to evacuate Kyiv |agency=Associated Press |date= 25 February 2022}}</ref> As of September 2022, no wreckage of the planes has been found.<ref name="2022RUWAir">{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/whats-known-about-russian-and-ukraine-losses-in-aerial-combat-2022-9 |title=An unexpected air-to-air battle is raging over Ukraine. Here's what we know about the losses on both sides.|work=Insider|date=5 September 2022}}</ref>

On 4 April 2022, photographs of two destroyed Il-76s from the Ukrainian 25th Transport Aviation Brigade were displayed; these cargo planes were destroyed on the ground by Russian forces at Melitopol Airport.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.airlive.net/two-il-76md-strategic-airlifter-were-destroyed-from-russian-strikes-at-melitopol-air-base-ukraine/amp/ |title=Two IL-76MD strategic airlifter were destroyed from Russian strikes at Melitopol Air Base, Ukraine |work=AirLive |date=7 April 2022 |access-date= 19 April 2022}}</ref>

On 30 August 2023, four Il-76s were reportedly destroyed by Ukrainian kamikaze drone strikes at Pskov Airport.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GDC |date=2023-08-30 |title=Ukrainian kamikaze Beaver drones destroyed six IL-76 transport aircraft and Tu-22M3 bombers in Pskov airport |url=https://www.globaldefensecorp.com/2023/08/31/ukrainian-kamikaze-beaver-drones-destroyed-six-il-76-transport-aircraft-and-tu-22m3-bombers-in-pskov-airport/ |access-date=2023-08-31 |website=Global Defense Corp |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2023-08-29 |title=Ukraine war: 'Drone attack' on airport damages Russian transport planes |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66654125 |access-date=2023-08-30}}</ref>

On 24 January 2024, an Il-76 crashed near Yablonovo in Russia's Belgorod Oblast near the Russian-Ukrainian border. In the immediate aftermath, multiple unsubstantiated, conflicting accounts regarding the circumstances of the crash were presented by Ukraine-aligned sources and Russian state media outlets and officials.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 January 2024 |title=Russian IL-76 shot down |url=https://defence-blog.com/russian-il-76-plane-crashes-near-ukrainian-border/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=24 January 2024 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-68080529 |title=Russian jet crashes carrying Ukrainian PoWs - Moscow |website=BBC News |first1=Laura |last1=Gozzi |first2=Paul |last2=Kirby}}</ref>

==Variants==

===Prototypes and developmental variants===
[[File:4K-AZ100, Neubrandenburg Airport, 2012-12-28 (41).jpg|thumb|Il-76TD-90, Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines have larger diameter.]]

;Il-76TD-90 / Il-76MD-90: Engine upgrades to Perm PS-90s.
;Il-76 firebomber: Firefighting aircraft to drop exploding capsules filled with fire retardant.
;Il-76PSD: SAR version of ''Il-76MF''
;Il-96: Early development of convertible passenger/cargo aircraft, (project only, designation re-used later)
;Il-150: proposed Beriev A-50 with Perm PS-90 engines.
;[[Engineering:Beriev A-60|Beriev A-60]]: Airborne laser weapon testbed. (''Il-76 version 1A'')

====Special purpose / research variants====
[[File:Gromov Flight Test Institute Ilyushin Il-76LL with one Aviadvigatel PD-14 engine.jpg|thumb|right|Il-76LL with [[Engineering:Aviadvigatel PD-14|PD-14]] engine prototype under testing, 2015]]
[[File:008-Il-76TD-Candid-2007.jpg|thumb|right|Il-76TD glass nose]]
[[File:Beriev Be-976 (Il-76SKIP), Flight Research Institute AN0076932.jpg|thumb|right|Il-76LL SKIP testbed, 1999]]

;Il-76LL: with reinforced wing (at least 3 aircraft) to be used as test-bed aeroplane for engine prototypes flight testing in [[Organization:Gromov Flight Research Institute|Gromov Flight Research Institute]].
;Izdeliye-176: prototype Il-76PP.
;Izdeliye-576:
;Izdeliye-676: Telemetry and communications relay aircraft, for use during trial programmes (prototype).
;Izdeliye-776: Telemetry and communications relay aircraft, for use during trial programmes (prototype).
;Izdeliye-976 ("SKIP", Il-976, or Il-76SK)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airvectors.net/avil76.html#m6 |title=The Ilyushin Il-76, A-50 AWACS / Aircraft 976 |work=airvectors.net |date= 1 April 2020 |access-date= 4 April 2020}}</ref> – (СКИП – Самолетный Контрольно-Измерительный Пункт, Airborne Check-Measure-and-Control Center): Il-76/A-50 based Range Control and Missile tracking platform. Initially built to support Raduga Kh-55 cruise missile tests.
;Izdeliye-1076: Special mission aircraft for unknown duties.
;Izdeliye-1176: ELINT electronic intelligence aircraft, or ''Il-76-11''
;Il-76-Tu160 tailplane transporter: One-off temporary conversion to support Tu-160 emergency modification programme.
;Il-76K/Il-76MDK/Il-76MDK-II: Zero-g cosmonaut trainer (''dlya podgotovki kosmonavtov''), used by [[Company:Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center|Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center]].
;Il-76LL: Engine testbed, (''ooniversahl'naya letayuschchaya laboratoriya'').
;Il-76PP: ECM aircraft, major problems with ECM equipment on the Izdeliye-176 only.
;Il-84: Maritime Search and Rescue aircraft, (alternative designation – Il-76PS – ''poiskovo-spasahtel'nyy''), not produced.

===Military variants===
[[File:Ilyushin Il-76MD-90A with aurora and meteor.jpg|thumb|right| Il-76MD-90A of the Russian Aerospace Forces]]
[[File:Tail turret of Il-76MD ‘RF-76743’ (37078748876).jpg|thumb|right|Il-76MD GSh-23 tail guns]]
[[File:In Ilyushin Il-76MD.jpg|thumb|right|Il-76MD cargo cabin]]

;Il-76D: ('D' for "Desantnyi", ''Десантный'' – "Paratrooper transport") has a gun turret in the tail for defensive purposes.
;Il-76M: Military transport version, (''modifitseerovannyy'' – modified).
;Il-76MD: Improved military transport version, (''modifitseerovannyy Dahl'ny'' – modified, long-range).
;Il-76MD Skal'pel-MT: Mobile Hospital
;Il-76M / Il-76MD: Built without military equipment but designated as Ms and MDs (Gordon – 'Falsies')
;Il-76MD-90: An Il-76MD with quieter and more economical [[Engineering:Aviadvigatel PS-90|Aviadvigatel PS-90]] high-bypass turbofan engines.
;Il-76MF: Stretched military version with a 6.6 m longer fuselage, PS-90A-76 engines, maximum takeoff weight of 210 tonnes and a lift capability of 60 tonnes. First flew in 1995. Two built and delivered to the {{wipe|Royal Jordanian Air Force}},<ref name=but2004/> later sold to the {{wipe|Egyptian Air Force}}.
;Il-76MD-M: Modernized Il-76MD for the Russian Aerospace Forces.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ilyushin.org/press/news/ev3992/?sphrase_id=19202|title=ОАО "Ил" приступило к работам по модернизации... {{!}} ОАО "Ил"|website=ilyushin.org|access-date=2017-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308225055/http://ilyushin.org/press/news/ev3992/?sphrase_id=19202|archive-date=2017-03-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0313/104545769/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Первый модернизированный транспортный самолет Ил-76МД-М передан Минобороны России|website=armstrade.org|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127035446/http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/0313/104545769/detail.shtml|archive-date=27 January 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/global-news-2018/march/4157-russian-air-force-receives-first-upgraded-ilyushin-il-76md-m.html|title=Russian Air Force receives first upgraded Ilyushin Il-76MD-M|website=airrecognition.com|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127094122/http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/global-news-2018/march/4157-russian-air-force-receives-first-upgraded-ilyushin-il-76md-m.html|archive-date=27 January 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
;Il-76MD-90A: An upgraded version with a new glass cockpit, upgraded avionics, new one-piece carbon-fibre wing, and Aviadvigatel PS-90A-76 engines. It was also known as '''Il-476''' while in development.<ref name=DID_Il-476>{{cite web |url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/il-476-russia-begins-production-of-modernized-jet-transports-07569/|title=IL-476: Russia's New Medium-Heavy Transport Jet|website=Defense Industry Daily|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404195858/https://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/il-476-russia-begins-production-of-modernized-jet-transports-07569/|archive-date=4 April 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-news-2015/january-2015-air-force-military-aviation-defence-industry-news/1397-first-serial-production-ilyushin-il-76md-90a-strategic-airlifter-made-its-maiden-flight.html |title=First serial-production Ilyushin Il-76MD-90A strategic airlifter made its maiden flight |date=January 5, 2015 |access-date=January 13, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113053753/http://www.airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-news-2015/january-2015-air-force-military-aviation-defence-industry-news/1397-first-serial-production-ilyushin-il-76md-90a-strategic-airlifter-made-its-maiden-flight.html |archive-date=January 13, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
;Il-76T/Il-76TD: Built as military aircraft but given civilian designations. (Gordon – 'Falsie')
;[[Engineering:Ilyushin Il-78|Ilyushin Il-78]]/Il-78M/Il-78MD-90A: Aerial refuelling tanker.
;Il-78 MKI: A customized version of the Il-78 developed for the Indian Air Force.
;Il-82: Airborne Command Post/communications relay aircraft, (alternative designation – Il-76VKP – 'version65S').
;[[Engineering:Beriev A-50|Beriev A-50]]/Beriev A-50M/Beriev A-50I/Beriev A-50E: Airborne Early Warning & Control aircraft. Beriev given control over the program.
;[[Engineering:Beriev A-100|Beriev A-100]]: An AEW&C version of the Il-76MD-90A. Currently in development, with at least two prototypes built. 

===Civil variants===
[[File:Il-76 Iraq.jpg|thumb|A commercial variant of the Ilyushin Il-76, loading cargo at Ali Air Base, Iraq]]
[[File:Watertanker IL-76D of IRGC.jpg|thumb|An Il-76TD belonging to the IRGC, used as a firefighting aircraft]]

;Il-76MGA: Initial Commercial freighter. (two prototypes and 12 production) equipped with [[Engineering:Soloviev D-30|Soloviev D-30]] Turbofan engines.<ref name="airvectors.net">{{cite web |url=http://www.airvectors.net/avil76.html|title=The Ilyushin Il-76|website=airvectors.net|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410194810/http://www.airvectors.net/avil76.html|archive-date=10 April 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
;Il-76MD to Il-76TD conversions: Complete removal of military equipment, identified by crude cover over OBIGGS inlet in Starboard Sponson.
;Il-76P / Il-76TP / Il-76TDP / Il-76MDP: Firefighting aircraft. The Il-76 waterbomber is a VAP-2 1.5-hour install/removal tanking kit conversion. The Il-76 can carry up to 13,000 U.S. gallons (49,000 liters) of water; 3.5 times the capacity of the C-130 Hercules. Since this kit can be installed on any Il-76, the designation Il-76TP, Il-76TDP are also used when those versions of the Il-76 are converted into waterbombers. The Il-76P was first unveiled in 1990.

;Il-76T: ('T' for Transport, Транспортный) unarmed civil cargo transport version. NATO code-name "Candid-A". It first flew on November 4, 1978.
;Il-76TD: The civil equivalent of the Il-76MD, first flew in 1982, equipped with [[Engineering:Soloviev D-30|Soloviev D-30]] Turbofan engines.<ref name="airvectors.net"/>
;Il-76TD-90: An Il-76TD with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines and a partial [[Engineering:Glass cockpit|glass cockpit]].
;Il-76TD-90VD: An Il-76TD with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines and a partial [[Engineering:Glass cockpit|glass cockpit]]. It was developed specially for Volga-Dnepr cargo company, which operates five aircraft as of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.volga-dnepr.com/en/fleet/IL-76/ |title=IL-76TD – the heavy cargo-carrying ramp aircraft |website=Volga-Dnepr |access-date=January 10, 2021 |language=en |quote=Volga-Dnepr has 5 modernized Ilyushin-76-TD-90-VD aircraft in its fleet.}}</ref>
;Il-76TD-S: Civilian mobile Hospital, similar to Il-76MD Skal'pel-MT.
;Il-76TF: Civil transport stretched version with Aviadvigatel PS-90 engines. It is the civil version of the Il-76MF (none produced).

===Foreign variants===
[[File:Beriev A-50EI Mainstay2009.jpg|thumb|The A-50E/I Mainstay of the Indian Air Force]]

;Beriev A-50E/I: For the Indian Air Force. Hosts Israeli Phalcon radar for AEW&C and [[Engineering:Aviadvigatel PS-90|Aviadvigatel PS-90]] engines.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.domain-b.com/aero/mil_avi/mil_aircraft/20080609_air_force.html|title=domain-b.com : Air Force starts flight tests of first Phalcon Il-76 airborne early warning system|website=domain-b.com|date=9 June 2008 |access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181213173324/https://www.domain-b.com/aero/mil_avi/mil_aircraft/20080609_air_force.html|archive-date=13 December 2018 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
;Il-76MD tanker: Iraqi Air Force tanker conversions.
;[[Engineering:KJ-2000|KJ-2000]]: Domestic Chinese airborne early warning and control conversion of Il-76, developed after [[Engineering:Beriev A-50#Variants|A-50I]] was cancelled and currently in service with the armed forces of China.
;CFTE engine testbed: The China Flight Test Establishment (CFTE) currently operates a flying testbed converted from a Russian-made Il-76MD jet transport aircraft to serve as a flying testbed for future engine development programmes. The first engine to be tested on the aircraft is the WS-10A "Taihang" turbofan, currently being developed as the powerplant for China's indigenous J-10 and J-11 fighter aircraft. Il-76MD #76456, acquired by the AVIC 1 from Russia in the 1990s, is currently based at CFTE's flight test facility at Yanliang, Shaanxi Province.
;Baghdad-1: Iraqi development with a radar mounted in the cargo hold enabling it to serve as AEW&C, used in the Iran–Iraq War.
;Baghdad-2:Iraqi development (with French assistance) with fibreglass-reinforced [[Chemistry:Plastic|plastic]] radome over the antenna of the Thomson-CSF Tiger G surveillance radar with a maximum detection range of {{cvt|350|km|nmi mi}}. One was destroyed on the ground during the 1991 Persian Gulf War; two others were flown to Iran where they remained.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lUN__e4yC_IC&pg=PA149-IA10|title=AEW&C and Hawkeyes – The Complete History of Airborne Early Warning|access-date=26 January 2019|isbn=9780760311400|last1=Armistead|first1=Leigh|last2=Armistead|first2=Edwin Leigh|year=2002}}</ref> At least one went into service with the {{wipe|Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force}}. One aircraft {{wipe|2009 Iranian Air Force mid-air collision}} following a midair collision with a [[Engineering:HESA Saeqeh|HESA Saeqeh]] fighter, during the annual Iranian military parade in Teheran.<ref>{{YouTube|l6OO0TXqTZc|IRIAF IL-76MD "Simorgh" (Phoenix) AWACS Crash (Sep 22, 2009)}}</ref> It can be distinguished from the [[Engineering:Beriev A-50|Beriev A-50]] by having the Il-76 navigator windows in the nose, which the A-50 does not.

==Operators==
[[File:World operators of the Il-76.png|thumb|upright=1.4|Present and former Il-76 operators
{{legend|#fe0000|Military operators}}
{{legend|#008000|Civilian operators}}
{{legend|#0080ff|Military and civilian operators}}]]

Military and civil operators in 38 countries have operated >850 Il-76 in large numbers. While Russia is the largest military operator of the Il-76, followed by Ukraine and India, Belarus' TransAVIAexport Airlines is the largest civilian operator.

=== Military operators ===
;{{Flag|Algeria}}
* {{wipe|Algerian Air Force}} – 11 Il-76MD / Il-76TD and 5 Il-78TD in service.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Embraer |first=In association with |title=2023 World Air Forces directory |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/reports/2023-world-air-forces-directory/151088.article |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=Flight Global |language=en}}</ref>
;{{Flag|Angola}}
* National Air Force of Angola – 7 Il-76MD and Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Armenia}}
* {{wipe|Armenian Air Force}} – 1 Il-76M and 1 Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
* {{wipe|Azerbaijani Air Forces}} – 2 Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Belarus}}
* {{wipe|Belarusian Air Force}} – 2 Il-76MD in service.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:PLAAF Ilyushin Il-76 landing at Perth Airport.jpg|thumb|{{wipe|People's Liberation Army Air Force}} Il-76 landing at Perth Airport, {{wipe|Australia}}. This aircraft took part in the Search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370.]]
;{{Flag|China}}
* {{wipe|People's Liberation Army Air Force}} – 26 Il-76MD / Il-76TD, 3 [[Engineering:Ilyushin Il-78|Il-78M]], and 4 [[Engineering:KJ-2000|KJ-2000]] in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
* {{wipe|Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
;{{Flag|Egypt}}
* {{wipe|Egyptian Air Force}} – 2 Il-76MF in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Equatorial Guinea}}
* Equatorial Guinea National Guard - 1 Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:Use your Ilyushin edit1.jpg|thumb|{{wipe|Indian Air Force}} Il-76 landing at Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport located in Leh.]]
;{{Flag|India}}
* {{wipe|Indian Air Force}} – 17 Il-76MD, 6 [[Engineering:Ilyushin Il-78|Il-78MKI]], and 3 [[Engineering:Beriev A-50|A-50EI]] in service. 2 A-50EI on order.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Iran}}
* {{wipe|Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force}} – 5 Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
* [[Organization:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force|Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps Aerospace Force]] – 3 Il-76MD / Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Jordan}}
* {{wipe|Royal Jordanian Air Force}} – Approximately 1 Il-76TD in service.<ref>{{Citation |title=Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF-360) IL-76TD Prestwick Airport [4K/UHD] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KEwWyglzCp4 |access-date=2023-11-04 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:RF-76779 IL76(MD) Russian Air Force CKL UUMU (35986335806).jpg|thumb|A {{wipe|Russian Air Force}} Il-76MD at Chkalovsky Air Base.]]
;{{Flag|Russia}}
* [[Organization:Russian Aerospace Forces|Russian Aerospace Forces]] – Approximately 120 Il-76, 20 [[Engineering:Ilyushin Il-78|Il-78]], 15 [[Engineering:Beriev A-50|A-50]], and 1 [[Engineering:Beriev A-100|A-100]] in service. 20 Il-76MD-90A, 31 Il-78M-90A on order. More in reserve storage.<ref name=":1" />
* National Guard of Russia – 9 Il-76M / Il-76MD in service.<ref name=":2">The Military Balance 2016, p. 200.</ref>
* Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation - 3 in service.<ref name=":2" />
* Rossiya - Special Flight Detachment
;{{Flag|Sudan}}
* Sudanese Air Force – 1 Il-76TD in service.<ref name=":1" />
;{{Flag|Ukraine}}
* {{wipe|Ukrainian Air Force}} – 7 Il-76MD in service. More in reserve storage.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:UK-76007@PEK (20200328162009).jpg|thumb|Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces Il-76 landing at Beijing Capital International Airport.]]
;{{Flag|Uzbekistan}}
* Uzbekistan Air and Air Defence Forces – 3 Il-76MD in service.<ref name=":1" />

=== Former military operators ===
;{{Flag|Iraq|1963}}
* {{wipe|Iraqi Air Force}}
;{{Flag|Libya|}}
* {{wipe|Libyan Air Force}}
[[File:Ilyushin Il-76 in 1983.JPEG|thumb|Il-76 of the {{wipe|Soviet Air Forces}}.]]
;{{Flag|Soviet Union|}}
* {{wipe|Soviet Air Forces}} – Largest former operator of the type, with hundreds of aircraft of multiple variants in service. Passed on to successor states.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Finlay |first=Mark |date=2023-03-25 |title=52 Years Ago Today The Ilyushin Il-76 Made Its First Flight |url=https://simpleflying.com/ilyushin-il-76-first-flight-anniversary/ |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=Simple Flying |language=en}}</ref>
;{{Flag|Yemen|}}
* {{wipe|Yemeni Air Force}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7 |location=Warwick, UK |pages=33,I}}</ref>
;{{flag|Zimbabwe}}
* {{wipe|Air Force of Zimbabwe}}<ref>{{harvnb|Cooper|Weinert|Hinz|Lepko|2011|page=210}}</ref>

===Civil operators===
[[File:EP-PUS 01.jpg|thumb|A Pouya Air Il-76 landing at Mehrabad Airport in Dec 2023.]]

;{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
* Azal Avia Cargo
* Silk Way Airlines
[[File:Ilyushin Il-76TD EW-78826 FRA 2006-5-10.png|thumb|A TransAVIAexport Ilyushin Il-76TD at Frankfurt Airport.]]
;{{flag|Belarus}}
* Belcanto Airlines
* TransAVIAexport Airlines
;{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
* Government of Kazakhstan
* GST Aero
[[File:AIR KORYO IL76,S P912 AND P914 AT PYONGYANG SUNAN AIRPORT DPRK NORTH KOREA OCT 2012 (8656695412).jpg|thumb|A pair of Air Koryo Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft at Pyongyang International Airport.]]
;{{PRK}}
* Air Koryo<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-30 |title=Airshow Review – Wonsan Air Festival, North Korea |url=https://www.globalaviationresource.com/v2/2016/09/30/airshow-review-wonsan-air-festival-north-korea/ |access-date=2023-11-04 |website=GAR - We've got aviation covered |language=en-GB}}</ref>
;{{flag|Russia}}
* Abakan Avia
* Aviacon Zitotrans
* Ministry of Emergency Situations
* Volga-Dnepr Airlines<ref>{{cite web |title=Volga-Dnepr evaluates stretched AN-124-102 for special aerospace and industrial payloads |url=http://www.jamierochepr.co.uk/newsletters/volga-dnepr/august2008/download/Volga-Dnepr_Big_News_Issue_15.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228213247/http://www.jamierochepr.co.uk/newsletters/volga-dnepr/august2008/download/Volga-Dnepr_Big_News_Issue_15.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-28 |access-date=2009-10-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=News |url=http://www.heavyliftpfi.com/content/NewsItem.aspx?id=3747 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113203123/http://www.heavyliftpfi.com/content/NewsItem.aspx?id=3747 |archive-date=2012-01-13 |access-date=2012-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Fleet in Flight Radar |url=https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/volga-dnepr-airlines-vi-vda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925035239/https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/volga-dnepr-airlines-vi-vda |archive-date=2017-09-25 |access-date=2017-09-24}}</ref>
;{{SYR}}
* Syrian Arab Airlines operates four, including three Il-76Ms.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
;{{TKM}}
* Turkmenistan Airlines operates four Il-76TDs.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
;{{UKR}}
* ATI Aircompany operates a number of Il-76 models.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
* Lviv Airlines operates three Il-76MDs.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
* Ukraine Air Alliance operates four, including one Il-76MD and three Il-76TDs.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
* Veteran Airlines
* Volare Airlines operates three, including two Il-76MDs and one Il-76TD.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
* Yuzhmashavia operates two Il-76TDs.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
* The United Nations Humanitarian Air Service has operated several of the type from the early to mid-1990s to now. Most of them are either ex-Aeroflot or one that the Russian Aerospace Forces has lent to the UN.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
;{{USA}}
* Air Support Systems, LLC operates the Il-76/78 in firefighting duties in the US.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}}
;{{UAE}}
* Gulf Aviation Technology and Services operates a number of Il-76 aircraft on charter or lease.
* Phoenix Aviation used to operate 2 Il-76TDs.{{cn|date=January 2024}}
;{{UZB}}
* Avialeasing operates the Il-76 on a charter and lease basis.
* Uzbekistan Airways used to operate 14 Il-76TDs.{{cn|date=January 2024}}

===Former civil operators===
;{{ANG}}
* Angola Air Charter operated an Il-76.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rzjets.net/operators/?show=62|title=Angola Air Charter|website=rzjets.net|access-date=2019-07-03}}</ref>
;{{ARM}}
* Air Highnesses used to own and operate Il-76T (EK-76300) on behalf of Aéro-Service before it crashed..<ref name="AVHerald1Dec2012" />
* Dvin Airlines used to operate an Il-76TD.
* Yerevan-Avia used to operate two Il-76 (EK86724 and EK86817).
;{{flag|Bahrain}}
* Global Aviation Services<ref>Retrieved 2 December 2015. FlightStats. [http://www.flightstats.com/go/FlightStatus/flightStatusByFlight.do?airline=%285S%29+Global+Aviation+Services&flightNumber=509&departureDate=2015-12-01&x=16&y=5%7C(5S) Global Aviation Services 509 Flight Status] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704071438/http://www.flightstats.com/go/FlightStatus/flightStatusByFlight.do?airline=%285S%29+Global+Aviation+Services&flightNumber=509&departureDate=2015-12-01&x=16&y=5%7C(5S)|date=2017-07-04}}</ref>
;{{BLR}}
* Belavia operated the Il-76 before its closure in 1999.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
* Gomelavia operated five Il-76TD.
;{{BFA}}
* Faso Airways operated a Il-76TD.<ref name="african migs p245" />
;{{CAM}}
* Imtrec Aviation operated a Laotian registered Il-76.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
;{{COD}}
* Air Congo operated an Il-76TD.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
* The Republic of the Congo operates an Il-76.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
* Trans Air Congo has operated an Il-76T.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}
;{{CUB}}
* Cubana de Aviación used to operate two Il-76s.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
;{{EQG}}
* Ecuatorial Cargo operated one Il-76TD.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
* Express International Cargo{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
;{{GEO}}
* Sun Way has operated the Il-76TD.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/ZXa6ZzOQCKA Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20210115220240/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXa6ZzOQCKA Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZXa6ZzOQCKA|access-date=17 January 2021|title=The Plane That Should NOT Have Been Flying |work=Mini Air Crash Investigation |date=2020-11-25 |via=[[Company:YouTube|YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
;{{HUN}}
* Atlant Hungary has operated the Il-76.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
* Hungarian Ukrainian Air Cargo has operated the Il-76.{{citation needed|date=May 2020}}
;{{IRN}}
* Atlas Air has operated at least eight Il-76TD.
* Chabahar Air has operated at least two Il-76TD.
* Mahan Air has operated the Il-76.
* Payam Air operated two Il-76TD.
* Qeshm Air operated two Il-76TD (airline disestablished).
* Safiran Airlines
* Yas Air operated two Il-76TDs (registered as EP-GOL and EP-GOM).
;{{flag|Iraq|1991}}
* Iraqi Airways operated a single Il-76.
;{{JOR}}
* Jordan International Air Cargo – has operated two Il-76MFs delivered in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jiac.com.jo/Default.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722071053/http://www.jiac.com.jo/Default.aspx |url-status=dead|title=Jordan International Air Cargo|archive-date=July 22, 2011}}</ref> and operated for the {{wipe|Royal Jordanian Air Force}} which were sold to Egypt in 2018 and were delivered in 2019.<ref name="weaponews.com">{{Cite web |title=Jordan gave Egypt two military transport Il-76MF |url=https://weaponews.com/news/65353379-jordan-gave-egypt-two-military-transport-il-76mf.html |access-date=2019-08-05 |website=weaponews.com |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:IL-76 in Antarctica.jpg|thumb|GST Aero IL-76 at Patriot Hills Base Camp, Antarctica]]
;{{KAZ}}
* Air Kazakhstan operated Il-76 aircraft until its closure in 2004.
* Kazakhstan Airlines operated the Il-76TD before its closure in 1997.
* Sayakhat Airlines operated the Il-76 previously.
* Air Almaty operates an Il-76TD for leased operations.<ref>[http://www.airalmaty.kz/index.php?mode=view&r=6&p=2&lang=en "Lease"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090924051928/http://www.airalmaty.kz/index.php?mode=view&r=6&p=2&lang=en|date=2009-09-24}}. AirAlmaty.kz</ref>
;{{KGZ}}
* Botir Avia used to operate three, including one Il-76MD and two Il-76TD.
* Kyrgyzstan Airlines operates one Il-76TD.
;{{LAO}}
* Imtrec aviation of Cambodia used to operate Laos registered Il-76TD.
;{{LAT}}
* Inversija operated three, including two Il-76Ts and one Il-76TD.
;{{LBA}}
* Jamahiria Air Transport operated the Il-76M, Il-76TD, and Il-78.
* Libyan Air Cargo, the cargo division of Libyan Arab Airlines, operates 21, including one Il-76M and 15 Il-76TD.
;{{MLI}}
* Transafrica Airlines
;{{MDA}}
* Aerocom operated an Il-76MD as well as an Il-76T until as late as January 2005.
* Airline Transport operated a number of Il-76 aircraft, losing three in accidents in 2004 and 2005.
* Jet Line International used to operate the Il-76.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jetlineintl.com/ |title=Jet Line |access-date=2018-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071215155013/http://www.jetlineintl.com/ |archive-date=2007-12-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Tiramavia
;{{RUS}}
* Aeroflot operated large numbers of aircraft, especially during Soviet years, often on behalf of the Soviet military. However, none remain in service with the airline.
* Air STAN operated an Il-76TD.
* ALAK operated Il-76 aircraft before its closure in 1999.
* Aviaenergo operated the aircraft, but none remain in service.
* Continental Airways has operated the Il-76 in the past, but does not do so currently.
* Dacono Air has operated the Il-76.
* Domodedovo Airlines has operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
* East Line used to operate the Il-76.
* Ilavia Airline used to operate six, including two Il-76MDs and four Il-76TDs.
* KrasAir operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
* Krylo Airlines operated two Il-76TDs into 2005.
* Moscow Airways operated an Il-76TD in the early 1990s.
* Novosibirsk Air Enterprise operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
* Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise operated the Il-76, but none is currently in service.
* Red Wings Airlines used to operate two Il-76TDs.
* Spair Airlines
* Tesis Aviation Enterprise used to operate nine Il-76TDs.
* Tyumen Airlines
* Uralinteravia
;{{SRB}}
* Air Tomisko operated 3 Il-76TDs. Two were leased from GST Aero which had been before in service of Kosmas Air, and one more was added in May 2006.<ref name="blic">[http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Hronika/125844/Trgovao-oruzjem-sa-bivsim--agentima-KGB Trgovao oružjem sa bivšim agentima KGB] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610195116/http://www.blic.rs/Vesti/Hronika/125844/Trgovao-oruzjem-sa-bivsim--agentima-KGB |date=2015-06-10}} at Blic Online, 17-12-2009, retrieved 19-11-2013 {{in lang|sr}}</ref>
* Kosmas Air operated two Il-76TDs leased from GST Aero.<ref name="blic"/>
;{{SLE}}
* Aerolift Sierra Leone used to operate Il-76 aircraft for special charter and cargo lift operations.<ref>"[http://www.aerolift.org/files/fleet/il76.htm Ilyushin 76] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928154043/http://www.aerolift.org/files/fleet/il76.htm |date=2007-09-28}}", ''[http://www.aerolift.org/ Aerolift] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312073251/http://www.aerolift.org/ |date=2007-03-12}}''</ref>
;{{USSR}}
* Aeroflot was the main civil user of the aircraft during the period of the Soviet Union, although many of its aircraft were operated on behalf of the military.
* Jet Air Cargo was one of the first civil operators of the Il-76 in Russia other than Aeroflot.
;{{SUD}}
* Air West operated at least six aircraft, although it is unclear how many remain in service.<ref name="african migs p244">{{harvnb|Cooper|Weinert|Hinz|Lepko|2011|page=244}}</ref>
* East West Cargo operated a number of Il-76s.<ref name="african migs p244" />
* Juba Air Cargo operated the Il-76.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jubacargo.com/ |title=JUBA Cargo |access-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205051448/http://jubacargo.com/ |archive-date=2006-12-05 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Badr Airlines operated two Il-76s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.badrairlines.com/|title=Badr Airlines – Your Load in Good Hands! |date=June 24, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624124057/http://www.badrairlines.com/|archive-date=2009-06-24}}</ref>
* Trans Attico operated two Il-76TDs.<ref name="african migs p245">{{harvnb|Cooper|Weinert|Hinz|Lepko|2011|page=245}}</ref>
* Alfa Airlines
* Azza Transport used to operate two Il-76TDs.<ref name="african migs p244" />
* Green Flag Airlines
[[File:Loading BMD-1 in IL-76.JPG|thumb|right|Loading BMD-1 in Ukrainian Air Force IL-76]]
;{{UKR}}
* Air Service Ukraine operated the Il-76MD.
* Air Ukraine and Air Ukraine Cargo operated the aircraft, although none were in service at the time of bankruptcy.
* Azov Avia Airlines operated two Il-76MDs.
* BSL Airline operated as many as six Il-78s.
* Busol Airlines operated the Il-76 before its closure in 1998.
* Khors Aircompany operated two Il-76MDs.
* Ukrainian Cargo Airways operated 21, including 19 Il-76MDs.
* South Airlines
;{{YEM}}
* Yemenia operated two Il-76TDs.

== Accidents ==
{{morerefs|section|date=March 2023}}
[[File:Lviv Airlines Ilyushin Il-76MD Shevelev-1.jpg|thumb|An Il-76MD that was damaged during the Sknyliv air show disaster on 27 July 2002, during which the Sukhoi Su-27 involved struck a glancing blow against the aircraft's nose before crashing into spectators]]
As of January 2024, a total of 95 Il-76 series aircraft have been written off in crashes and other accidents. Previous 94 aircraft details can be found here. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/types/Ilyushin-76/losses |title=Ilyushin Il-76 hull losses |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |date=13 March 2023 |access-date=13 March 2023 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* On 23 November 1979, a {{wipe|Soviet Air Forces}} Il-76, [[Engineering:Aircraft registration|registration]] CCCP-86714, banked left during an approach to Vitebsk Airport. Control of the aircraft was lost and the aircraft crashed, killing the crew of seven; this was the first loss of an Il-76.<ref>{{ASN accident|title= CCCP-86714|id= 19791123-0}}</ref>
* On 11 December 1988, an Aeroflot Il-76 crashed on approach to Leninakan, Armenia killing 77 of the 78 on board. The aircraft was on an air relief operation following the 1988 Armenian earthquake.<ref>{{ASN accident|id= 19881211-0|title= CCCP-86732}}</ref>
* On 18 October 1989, a Soviet Air Force Il-76 (CCCP-76569) crashed in the Caspian Sea off Sumqayit, Azerbaijan following wing separation caused by an engine fire, killing all 57 in Azerbaijan's deadliest air accident. The cause of the engine fire was traced back to a design flaw.
* On 1 February 1990, a {{wipe|Soviet Air Forces}} Il-76 [[Engineering:Aircraft registration|registration]] СССР-86021 crashed 14 minutes after takeoff from Panevėžys Air Base, killing all 8 members of the crew.<ref>{{cite web |title=Accident description for CCCP-86021 |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19900201-1 |website=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>
* On 24 May 1991, a Metro Cargo Il-76TD (LZ-INK, named ''Lugano''), crashed near Kermanshah Airport while attempting a forced landing following fuel exhaustion, killing four of ten crew.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=19910524-0|title=LZ-INK}}</ref>
* On 8 July 1993, a Russian Air Force Il-76M (RA-86039) crashed near Pskov Airport due to loss of control following an unexplained in-flight fire, killing the 11 crew.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=19930708-0|title=RA-86039}}</ref>
* On 19 August 1996, Spair Airlines Flight 3601, an Il-76T, crashed while trying to land at Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport following total electrical failure due to pilot error, killing all 14 occupants on board.<ref>{{ASN accident |title= RA-76513 |id= 19960819-0}}</ref> The crew had forgotten to turn on the AC/DC converter following engine startup.
* On 12 November 1996, Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907, an Il-76, collided in mid-air with Saudia Flight 763 (a [[Engineering:Boeing 747|Boeing 747]]) over Charkhi Dadri, India, killing all 349 aboard both aircraft in the deadliest mid-air collision. The Kazakh crew failed to maintain altitude owing to confusion with ATC.
* On 27 November 1996, a {{wipe|Russian Air Force}} Ilyushin Il-76MD, registration RA-78804, flew into the side of a mountain, minutes after it departed Abakan Airport, and crashed {{convert|14|km}} from the airport. All 21 occupants on board died in the accident.<ref>{{ASN accident |title= RA-78804 |id= 19961127-0}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= IL-76 hits mountain|publisher= Flight International |date= 4 December 1996 |url= http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/il-76-hits-mountain-13376/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151017121032/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/il-76-hits-mountain-13376/|archive-date= 2015-10-17 |url-status= dead}}</ref>
*On 13 July 1998, ATI Aircompany Flight 2570, an Il-76MD (UR-76424), crashed in the sea shortly after takeoff from Ras Al Khaimah International Airport, killing the eight crew. The aircraft was overloaded and the pilot failed to respond to GPWS warnings.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/july-13-1998-cargo-plane-crashes-off-ras-al-khaimah-1.2250512|title=July 13, 1998: Cargo plane crashes off Ras Al Khaimah|website=gulfnews.com|date=12 July 2018}}</ref>
*On 17 July 1998, Air Sofia Flight 701, an Il-78 (UR-UCI) struck a hill on approach to Asmara International Airport, killing all ten on board. The aircraft was leased from Ukrainian Cargo Airways.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=19980717-0|title=UR-UCI}}</ref>
* On 2 December 2001, Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Flight 9064 crashed at Novaya Inya, Russia, following an onboard fire, killing 18 on board.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-76TD RA-76839 Novaya Inya |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20011202-0 |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
* On 19 February 2003, an Ilyushin Il-76 crashed near Kerman, Iran under unspecified reasons (possibly weather-related). The crash killed 275 people, including hundreds of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard. The accident remains the deadliest involving the Il-76.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ASN Aircraft accident Ilyushin Il-76MD 15-2280 Kerman |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20030219-0 |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
* On 8 May 2003, the rear loading ramp of an Il-76 leased by the Congolese government unexpectedly opened at 10,000 feet after taking off from the capital Kinshasa. Initial reports stated that over 120 policemen and their families had been sucked out in 45 minutes,<ref>{{cite news|title= At 10,000 feet the door flipped open and scores of passengers were sucked out|first= James|last= Astill|location= [[Place:Nairobi|Nairobi]]|work= {{wipe|The Guardian}} |date= 10 May 2003 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/business/2003/may/10/theairlineindustry.congo|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121129104233/http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2003/may/10/theairlineindustry.congo|archive-date= 2012-11-29 |url-status= dead}}</ref> but 14 people actually died.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/2004/2004-02%20-%200041.PDF "Safety Review"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104204502/http://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/2004/2004-02%20-%200041.PDF |date=2014-01-04}}, ''Flight International'', 20–26 January 2004 p. 39.</ref>
*On 30 June 2008, an Ababeel Aviation Il-76 crashed while taking off from [[Place:Khartoum|Khartoum]] on a relief flight, killing the 4 crew members, the only people on board the plane.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://avherald.com/h?article=408f9862&opt=1|title = Crash: Ababeel IL76 at Khartoum on June 30th 2008, hit ground immediately after takeoff}}</ref>
*On 2 July 2008, Click Airways Flight 1002, operated using an Ilyushin Il-76TD from Bagram Air Base to Al-Fujairah-Fujairah International Airport, suffered an Uncontained Engine Failure of its no. 3 engine at FL280. The failed engine parts struck the no. 4 engine resulting in its failure, as well as the fuselage and fuel tanks. The flight crew managed to successfully make an emergency landing at Zahedan, Iran. None of the three crew sustained injuries.<ref>{{ASN accident|title= EK-76400|id= 20080702-1}}</ref>
*On 15 January 2009, two Russian Ministry of Interior Il-76MDs were involved in a ground collision at Makhachkala Airport. One of the aircraft, [[Engineering:Aircraft registration|registration]] RA-76825, was ready to depart and was positioned at the runway end when the other one, RA-76827, came in to land. The wing of the landing aircraft struck the flight deck of RA-76825 and a fire erupted. There were three fatalities in the departing aircraft, out of seven occupants on board. None of the 31 occupants aboard RA-76827 were hurt. RA-76825 was written off as a consequence of the accident.<ref>{{ASN accident|title= RA-76827|id= 20090115-2}}</ref><ref>{{ASN accident|title= RA-76825|id= 20090115-1}}</ref>
* On 9 March 2009, an Aerolift Il-76 (S9-SAB) crashed into Lake Victoria just after takeoff from Entebbe Airport, Uganda, killing all 11 people on board. Two of the engines had caught fire on takeoff. The aircraft was chartered by Dynacorp on behalf of AMISOM. The accident was investigated by Uganda's Ministry of Transport, which concluded that all four engines were time-expired and that Aerolift's claim that maintenance had been performed to extend their service lives and the certification of this work could not be substantiated.<ref name=AH41635291>{{cite web |url=http://avherald.com/h?article=41635921/0002&opt=0 |title=Crash: Aerolift IL76 at Entebbe on Mar 9th 2009, impacted Lake Victoria after takeoff |first=Simon |last=Hradecky |work=The Aviation Herald |access-date=27 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017121032/http://avherald.com/h?article=41635921%2F0002&opt=0 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* On 22 September 2009, {{wipe|Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force}} Il-76MD Adnan 2 "5-8208" ''Simorgh'' {{wipe|2009 Iranian Air Force mid-air collision}} near Varamin killing all seven people on board.<ref name="ASN220909">{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090922-0 |title=Accident description |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=23 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926025656/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20090922-0 |archive-date=26 September 2009 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The crash was possibly the result of a mid-air collision with a [[Engineering:Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5E Tiger II]].<ref name="Defense">{{cite web |url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4289949&c=AIR&s=MID |title=Iranian Military Planes Crashes in Annual Parade |publisher=Defensenews |access-date=23 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5k5dUA3SP?url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4289949&c=AIR&s=MID |archive-date=27 September 2009}}</ref>
* On 1 November 2009, an Il-76 belonging to the Russian Ministry of the Interior crashed near the city of Mirny within 2 kilometers after taking off. Eleven people on board were confirmed as killed.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/Cargo_Plane_Crashes_In_Eastern_Russia_11_Dead/1866269.html|title=Cargo Plane Crashes In Eastern Russia, 11 Dead|website=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127035302/https://www.rferl.org/a/Cargo_Plane_Crashes_In_Eastern_Russia_11_Dead/1866269.html|archive-date=27 January 2019 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 November 2009 |title=Russian military cargo plane crashes on takeoff, killing all 11 crew members on board |work=Daily Press |url=http://www.dailypress.com/news/national/sns-ap-eu-russia-plane-crash,0,1520443.story |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102224945/http://www.dailypress.com/news/national/sns-ap-eu-russia-plane-crash%2C0%2C1520443.story |archive-date=2 November 2009}}</ref>
* On 28 November 2010 Sun Way Flight 4412, Il-76 4L-GNI, crashed in a populated area of [[Place:Karachi|Karachi]], Pakistan, shortly after taking off from Jinnah International Airport. All eight people on board were killed, along with two people on the ground. The aircraft was reported to have been trying to return to Jinnah after suffering an uncontained engine failure and fire.<ref name=AH433ef657>{{cite web |url=http://avherald.com/h?article=433ef657&opt=0 |title=Crash: Sun Way IL76 at Karachi on Nov 28th 2010, engine fire |first=Simon |last=Hradecky |work=The Aviation Herald |access-date=28 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913115036/http://avherald.com/h?article=433ef657&opt=0 |archive-date=13 September 2018 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* On 6 July 2011, Silk Way Airlines Flight 995, an Il-76, tail number 4K-AZ55, crashed into a mountain in Afghanistan, while on final to {{wipe|Bagram Air Force Base}}. Eight people on board were initially confirmed as killed, with one unaccounted.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hradecky|first=Simon|title=Crash: Silk Way IL76 near Bagram on Jul 6th 2011, impacted mountain |url=http://avherald.com/h?article=43f45a43&opt=0|work=The Aviation Herald|access-date=6 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180938/http://www.avherald.com/h?article=43f45a43&opt=0|archive-date=23 September 2015 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Cargo plane crash in Afghanistan|work= BBC News |date= 6 July 2009 |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-14042010|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130412230625/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-14042010|archive-date= 2013-04-12 |url-status= dead}}</ref>
* On 30 November 2012, an Aéro-Service<ref name=AVHerald1Dec2012>{{cite web| url=http://avherald.com/h?article=459df3ac&opt=0| title=Crash: Aero Services IL76 at Brazzaville on Nov 30th 2012, clipped trees then impacted buildings short of runway| date=December 2, 2012| last=Hradecky| first=Simon| work=Aviation Herald| access-date=December 1, 2012| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923181028/http://www.avherald.com/h?article=459df3ac&opt=0| archive-date=September 23, 2015| url-status=live| df=mdy-all}}</ref> Il-76T (also reported as being operated by Trans Air Congo in the days after the accident<ref name="av-safe.net acc des">{{cite web|title=2012 Ilyushin 76T Accident |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20121130-0|work=Accident description|publisher=aviation-safety.net|access-date=30 November 2012 |date=30 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121204140043/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20121130-0|archive-date=4 December 2012 |url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>) crashed 850 meters short of runway 5L of the Congo's Maya-Maya Airport in [[Place:Brazzaville|Brazzaville]] while landing during a violent storm, killing 32, including the 5 aircrew, another person on board and 26 people on the ground.<ref name="heraldsun 30Nov12">{{cite news |title=Plane crashes houses in Congo killing 30 |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/plane-crashes-houses-in-congo-killing-30/story-e6frf7k6-1226527884699 |access-date=30 November 2012 |newspaper=heraldsun.com.au |date=30 November 2012 |agency=Australian Associated Press (AAP)}}</ref>
* On 1 July 2016, a Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations (EMERCOM) Il-76TD (RA-76840) struck a hillside near Rybnyi Uyan while fighting wildfires near Irkutsk, killing all ten on board.<ref>{{ASN accident|id=20160701-0|title=RA-76840}}</ref>
*On 11 April 2018, {{wipe|Algerian Air Force}} Ilyushin Il-76 ''7T-WIV'' crashed shortly after take-off from Boufarik Airport, Boufarik, Algeria. All 257 people on board were killed, making the accident the deadliest air crash on Algerian soil.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/11/world/middleeast/algeria-military-plane-crash.html|title=Military Plane Crashes in Algeria, Killing at Least 257|work={{wipe|The New York Times}}|date=11 April 2018 |access-date=11 April 2018|last1=Walsh |first1=Declan}}</ref>
* On 24 June 2022, [[Organization:Russian Aerospace Forces|Russian Aerospace Forces]] Il-76MD ''RF-78778'' crashed and caught fire whilst landing near the city of Ryazan following an engine fire, killing five of nine on board.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russian military cargo plane crashes, killing 5 crewmembers |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/russian-military-cargo-plane-crashes-killing-85628664 |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-06-24 |title=Russian military cargo plane crashes, killing four - reports |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/cargo-plane-crash-lands-near-russias-ryazan-seven-injured-ifax-2022-06-24/ |access-date=2022-06-24}}</ref>
* On 23 September 2023, an Il-76 operated by the Malian Armed Forces crashed upon landing at Gao Airport, Mali. According to the French newspaper Le Monde, Malian officials confirmed the aircraft's being owned by the Army and having Wagner Group members on board.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2023 |title=Au Mali, la junte évoque de manière détournée le crash d'un avion militaire |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2023/09/28/au-mali-la-junte-evoque-de-maniere-detournee-le-crash-d-un-avion-militaire_6191388_3212.html |website=Le Monde}}</ref> The aircraft touched down and apparently experienced brake failure before overrunning the runway.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 27, 2023 |title=Mali: la junte évoque de manière détournée le crash d'un avion militaire |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/mali-la-video-du-crash-de-l-avion-qui-transportait-des-mercenaires-de-wagner-20230927}}</ref>
* On the night of 19-20 October 2023, a Il-76MD military transport plane caught fire during take-off from a military airfield in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. A wheel exploded on the plane during acceleration, causing a fire to break out. The plane rolled out of the runway and burned down completely. It is known that there were eight people on board. The crew was not injured.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-20 |title=Russian Il-76MD plane burst into flames during take-off in Dushanbe |url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/10/20/7425061/}}</ref>
* On 24 January 2024, a Russian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crashed in the Korochansky District in the Belgorod Oblast of Russia. The Russian Ministry of Defense stated it was carrying 65 Ukrainan Armed Forces [[Social:Prisoner of war|POW]], with 6 crew members and 3 security forces at the time.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-24 |title= Russian jet crashes carrying Ukrainian PoWs - Moscow |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68080529 |access-date=2024-01-24 |language=en-GB}}</ref> This was refuted by Ukrainian sources citing flight direction, photos of the crash site and other classified information leaked from Russia.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-25 |title= EXPLAINED: Russia's Downed IL-76 Plane, Everything We Know So Far |url=https://www.kyivpost.com/post/27158 |access-date=2024-01-25 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-25 |title=Why Did The Russian Il-76 Crash? What We Know, and Don't Know, About A Major Aviation Disaster |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-ii-76-crash-explainer-ukraine-pows/32791736.html |access-date=2024-01-25 |language=en-GB}}</ref>
<!--
Only notable aviation accidents or incidents. See WP:WikiProject Aircraft/page content#Incidents for project guidelines for inclusion. See Operational history section for combat related action. -->

==Aircraft on display==
* CCCP-76511 (c/n 083414444) preserved in the Ukraine State Aviation Museum, Kyiv. The aircraft was originally painted as UR-UCI of Ukrainian Cargo Airways to commemorate the real aircraft that crashed in 1998, but was returned to its original Aeroflot livery as CCCP-76511 in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.airhistory.net/photo/180555/UR-UCI|title=Aircraft Photo of UR-UCI {{!}} Ilyushin Il-76 {{!}} Ukrainian Cargo Airways |website=airhistory.net|access-date=14 March 2023}}</ref>

==Specifications (Il-76TD)==
[[File:Ilyushin Il-76.svg|right|300px]]

{{Aircraft specs
|ref= ''Ilyushin'',<ref>[http://www.ilyushin.org/eng/products/cargo/76td90.html "IL-76TD-90."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091103142428/http://www.ilyushin.org/eng/products/cargo/76td90.html |date=2009-11-03}} ''Ilyushin''.</ref> ''Aviadvigatel'',<ref>[http://www.avid.ru/eng/products/civil/PS-90A-76/ "PS-90A-76 Aircraft Engine."] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401094231/http://www.avid.ru/eng/products/civil/PS-90A-76/ |date=2012-04-01}} ''Aviadvigate''.</ref> ''Volga-Dnepr Airlines''.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.volga-dnepr.com/files/2011/il-76e_final.pdf|title= IL-76TD-90VD|publisher= Volga-Dnepr Airlines|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130819055159/http://www.volga-dnepr.com/files/2011/il-76e_final.pdf|archive-date= 2013-08-19 |url-status= dead}}</ref>
|prime units?=met
<!--  General characteristics
-->
|crew=5
|capacity= '''Il-76M''' {{cvt|42000|kg|0}}; '''Il-76MD''' {{cvt|48000|kg|0}}; '''Il-76MD-90A''' {{cvt|60000|kg|0}}
|length m=46.59
|length note=
|span m=50.5
|span note=
|height m=14.76
|height note=
|wing area sqm=300
|wing area note=
|swept area sqm=<!-- swing-wings -->
|swept area note=
|volume m3=<!-- lighter-than-air -->
|volume note=
|aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
|airfoil=<!--'''root:''' [[Physics:NACA airfoil|NACA]]; '''tip:''' [[Physics:NACA airfoil|NACA]]<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>-->
|empty weight kg=92500
|empty weight note=Il-76TD-90

|gross weight kg=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=190000
|max takeoff weight note=Il-76MD/TD

|fuel capacity=
|more general=
<!--  Powerplant
-->
|eng1 number=4
|eng1 name=Soloviev D-30KP
|eng1 type=[[Engineering:Turbofan|turbofan]]s
|eng1 kw=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 hp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 shp=<!-- prop engines -->
|eng1 kn=117.7
|eng1 note=<ref>Elodie Roux: ''Turbofan and Turbojet Engines: Database Handbook'', Blagnac France, 2007, {{ISBN|9782952938013}}, p. 155</ref>
<!--  Performance
-->
|max speed kmh=900
|max speed note=
|max speed mach=0.82
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed note=
|stall speed kmh=
|stall speed note=
|never exceed speed kmh=
|never exceed speed note=
|minimum control speed kmh=
|minimum control speed note=
|range km=4400
|range note=Il-76MD/TD with {{cvt|52000|kg|0}} payload.

|combat range km=
|combat range note=
|ferry range km= 9300
|ferry range note= Il-76MD-90A with no payload.
|endurance=<!-- if range unknown -->
|ceiling m=13000
|ceiling note=
|g limits=<!-- aerobatic -->
|roll rate=<!-- aerobatic -->
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=
|wing loading kg/m2=
|wing loading note=
|fuel consumption kg/km=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight= 0.252

|more performance=
* '''Minimum landing run''': {{cvt|450|m|0}} with thrust reversers
<!--Armament-->
|guns=2× 23 mm [[Engineering:Autocannon|cannon]] in radar-directed manned turret at base of tail
|bombs=Some military models have 2 hardpoints under each outer wing capable of supporting 500 kg bombs.
|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{Aircontent
|see also=
* Airlift
* [[Engineering:Military transport aircraft|Military transport aircraft]]
|related=
* [[Engineering:Beriev A-50|Beriev A-50]]
* [[Engineering:Beriev A-100|Beriev A-100]]
* [[Engineering:Ilyushin Il-78|Ilyushin Il-78]]
|similar aircraft=
* [[Engineering:Lockheed C-141 Starlifter|Lockheed C-141 Starlifter]]
* Xian Y-20
* [[Engineering:Boeing C-17 Globemaster III|Boeing C-17 Globemaster III]]
|lists=
* [[Engineering:List of aircraft|List of aircraft]]
* [[Engineering:List of civil aircraft|List of civil aircraft]]
}}

==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last1=Altobchi |first1=Ali |last2=Cooper |first2=Tom |last3=Fontanellaz |first3=Adrien |title=Al-Hussein: Iraqi indigenous conventional arms projects, 1980–2003 |date=2022 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-914377-18-1}}
* {{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |last2=Weinert |first2=Peter |last3=Hinz |first3=Fabian |last4=Lepko |first4=Mark |title=African MiGs, Volume 2: Madagascar to Zimbabwe |date=2011 |publisher=Harpia Publishing |location=Houston |isbn=978-0-9825539-8-5}}
* {{Cite book|editor-last=Eden|editor-first=Paul|title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft|location=London, UK|publisher=Amber Books, 2004|isbn=1-904687-84-9|ref={{harvid|Eden|2004}}}}
* {{cite news |last=Hoyle |first=Craig |title=World Air Forces 2022 |work=Flight International |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/download?ac=83735 |year=2021 |access-date=12 December 2021|ref={{harvid|Hoyle ''Flight International'' 2021}}}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091103142426/http://www.ilyushin.org/eng/products/cargo/76td.html Il-76TD], [https://web.archive.org/web/20091103142428/http://www.ilyushin.org/eng/products/cargo/76td90.html Il-76TD-90], and [https://web.archive.org/web/20091002065101/http://www.ilyushin.org/eng/products/cargo/76tf.html Il-76TF pages on Ilyushin's website]
* [http://www.airvectors.net/avil76.html The Ilyushin Il-76 and variants on Airvectors.net]
* [http://englishrussia.com/2012/01/24/presenting-ilyushin-il-476 Il-476 production line photos on Englishrussia.com]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091010214134/http://www.indian-military.org/air-force/support/transport-aircraft/205-ilyushin-beriev-il-76-candid-gajraj.html Ilyushin beriev Il-76 Candid (Gajraj) at Indian military database site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080218112711/http://www.gctc.ru/eng/facility/aircraft_e.htm Training aircraft at Yuri Gagarin Cosmonauts Training Center]


[[Category:Quadjets]]
[[Category:T-tail aircraft]]
[[Category:High-wing aircraft]]

{{Sourceattribution|Ilyushin Il-76}}