View source for Engineering:List of countries banning fossil fuel vehicles

From 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/WNT/story?id=1518556|title=Iceland the First Country to Try Abandoning Gasoline|first=A. B. C.|last=News|date=18 January 2006|website=ABC News}}</ref> an expanding list of countries have proposed and later decided to ban the future sale of passenger vehicles powered by so-called fossil fuels such as [[Chemistry:Gasoline|gasoline]] ("gas" or "petrol"), LPG and [[Chemistry:Diesel fuel|diesel]]. The intent to ban vehicles powered by fossil fuels is attractive to governments as it offers simpler [https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/0930_compliance_weaver.pdf target compliance] compared with more encompassing [[Earth:Fossil fuel phase-out|phase-out of fossil fuels]]. Currently, the most up-to-date survey comes from the [https://climateprotection.org/ Center for Climate Protection] entitled "[https://climateprotection.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Survey-on-Global-Activities-to-Phase-Out-ICE-Vehicles-FINAL-Oct-3-2018.pdf Survey of Global Activity to Phase Out Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles]"
== Motivation ==

Various reasons are cited for banning further sale of fossil fuelled vehicles, including energy independence, [[Earth:Diesel exhaust#Health concerns|health risk]] due to emissions and processing, reduced carbon footprint, efficiency and other factors.

== Taxonomy ==
References in mainstream media to these bans also use terms or phrases like "banning gas cars"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/countries-banning-gas-cars-2017-10//|title=These countries are banning gas-powered vehicles by 2040|publisher=}}</ref>, "banning ICE cars" ([[Earth:Internal combustion engine|Internal Combustion Engine]]), or "banning petrol cars"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jul/30/as-other-countries-give-petrol-cars-an-end-date-is-australian-being-left-behind|title=As the UK plans to phase out petrol cars, is Australia being left behind?|first=Michael|last=Slezak|date=30 July 2017|website=the Guardian}}</ref>.

== Scope ==
The so-called "banning" of fossil fuels vehicles has a defined scope and is generally applied in the form of a legislated decision to restrict further sales or registration of new vehicles powered with specific fuels from a future date. At the date of implementation current vehicles would still be registrable. As at 2017, most bans are over 10-years into the future and are not yet legislated. A ban on diesel and petrol engines is expected in Pakistan from 2021.

== Industry Involvement in Promoting Electric Vehicles<ref name="climateprotection.org">https://climateprotection.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Survey-on-Global-Activities-to-Phase-Out-ICE-Vehicles-FINAL-Oct-3-2018.pdf</ref> ==
To meet future demand for EVs, auto manufacturers need to plan and gear up for the relevant changes to design and manufacturing processes. Normally, government calls for reduced vehicle
emissions are met with resistance from the private sector. According to Winfried Hermann, transport minister for Stuttgart, “We say, clean up your technology, they say it is impossible.”<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/27/world/europe/diesel-driving-ban-germany-stuttgart.html|title=In Germany’s Car Capital, the Unthinkable: The Right to Ban Cars|publisher=}}</ref> Nevertheless, many automakers are now planning to sell most of their vehicle fleet in electric versions. According to Volvo’s CEO, the manufacturer aims for 50 percent of sales to be fully electric by 2025.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://electrek.co/2018/04/25/volvo-electrification-plan-fully-electric/|title=Volvo clarifies electrification plan, aims for 50% of sales to be ‘fully electric’ by 2025|date=25 April 2018|publisher=}}</ref>

Other companies including BMW and Renault have committed to significant increases in EV production in the next two years and plan on a full transition in the near future. The PSA Group, which owns Peugeot and Citroen, stated its intentions to electrify 80 percent of its fleet for production by 2023, and Toyota is manufacturing its first fully electrified Prius to meet California’s updated vehicle standards for 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/autos/these-countries-want-ban-all-vehicles-run-gas-or-diesel-n781431|title=Adieu! France is the latest to consider banning gas-powered vehicles|publisher=}}</ref> Toyota also announced it will be adding more than 10 EV models by the early 2020s, and has partnered with Panasonic to develop a new EV battery.<ref name="auto">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-autos-electric-factbox/factbox-automakers-put-pedal-to-the-metal-on-electric- vehicles-idUSKBN1GX2RH</ref> Companies that have already produced fully electrified cars, such as Nissan, are setting the pace by providing more variety to make EVs appealing to consumers with diverse needs. Aston Martin, Jaguar, and Land Rover, producers of luxury cars, have also spoken publicly about their company goals to move toward electrifying vehicles.<ref name="wired.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.wired.com/story/general-motors-electric-cars-plan-gm/|title=General Motors Is Going All Electric|publisher=}}</ref> German-owned makers of Rolls-Royce and Mini Cooper vehicles plan to bring 25 electric models to market by 2025, in line with the goals that several European countries have targeted for the end of new ICE vehicle sales.<ref name="auto"/> Additionally, they hope to stay ahead of shifting market demands and the impending European target goals by increasing research and development spending to 7 billion euros.<ref name="auto"/> The largest auto manufacturer in Europe, Volkswagen, has pledged 20 billion euros for its electric car program, and its luxury brand Porsche, in collaboration with Audi, will release 20 electrified models by 2025.<ref name="auto"/>

Ford Motors and General Motors are also taking the extra step to significantly invest in production efforts. In January 2018, the chairman of Ford announced that the company would more than double their investment in EV production, up to $11 billion, and have 40 models ready for production by 2022, addressing a wide variety of consumers’ aesthetic and logistical needs.<ref name="auto1">https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jan/15/ford-to-invest-11bn-and-have-40-hybrid-and-fully- electric-vehicles-by-2022</ref> Sixteen of the 40 models will function as fully electric cars. In the case of General Motors, one of the largest automotive manufacturers in the world, company leadership aims to produce 18 battery electric cars and fuel cell-powered vehicles by 2023, two of which will come out this year. The company has already opened its market for EVs in China, where General Motors reported selling more cars than it did in the United States in 2017. In the summer of 2017, “it started selling a two-seat EV there, for just $5,300.”<ref name="wired.com"/> Pressure from regulators in China, Europe,
and California to slash carbon emissions from fossil fuels is partially responsible for the shift in attitude at these major companies.<ref name="wired.com"/> Other influential forces include “Tesla Inc.’s success in creating electric sedans and SUVs that inspire would-be owners to line up outside showrooms and flood the company with orders.”<ref name="auto1"/> Fiat-Chrysler claims to be “going after Tesla,” producing four electrified Maserati models by 2022.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://electrek.co/2018/07/10/fca-going-after-tesla-new-ev-plan/|title=‘We’re going after Tesla’, says Fiat-Chrysler with their new EV plan|date=10 July 2018|publisher=}}</ref>

Automotive manufacturers are not the only corporate presence that make a significant impact on EV adoption. Other industries that use predominantly fossil fuel-powered vehicles, such as trucking and transportation services, would send crucial market signals by demonstrating a greater willingness to use electric trucks and other emission-free technologies. A Council on Foreign Relations article describes major corporations acting as EV and green technology consumers as exhibiting “corporate responsibility.” The article also draws a parallel to the success of corporate and public commitment to investment in renewables. “When large corporates [such as Google and Apple announcing their intent to run on 100 percent renewables] publicly committed to investing in renewables, states and cities competed to adopt clean energy policies to attract investment, leading corporates to invest billions in renewables across the country.” A similar opportunity exists for clean cars. Ride-hailing, an industry entirely reliant on personal car ownership, has recognized the opportunity to incentivize and encourage EV adoption. Lyft, for example, has announced their intention to provide one billion rides per year in EVs. Uber, meanwhile, is incentivizing the switch to EVs by offering to pay more to participating drivers.<ref>https://www.cfr.org/blog/what-states- cities-and-corporations-can-do-face-federal-resistance-clean-transportation</ref> In the logistics world, UPS is involved in an ongoing effort to electrify its entire London fleet (170 trucks), which includes developing a smart schedule for charging the trucks so that the grid remains stable. They are also moving to electrify 1,500 trucks in their New York fleet.<ref>https://electrek.co/2018/03/30/end-internal-combustion-engine-says-ups-fleet- to-electric/</ref> While industries on both the supply and demand side of EV uptake have legacies of reliance on the fossil fuel industry to overcome, these big names have a prime opportunity to set a meaningful example for other companies as well as individuals. 

== List of countries ==
=== Countries ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Country !! Ban announced !! Ban commences !! Scope !! Selectivity
|-
| {{flagcountry|Austria}} || 2016 || 2020<ref name="climateprotection.org"/> || Gasoline and diesel || New vehicle sales
|-
| {{flagcountry|China}} || 2017 || 2040<ref name="climateprotection.org"/> || Gasoline and diesel || Production & New vehicle sales
|-
| {{flagcountry|Costa Rica}} || 2018 || 2021<ref name="climateprotection.org"/> || Gasoline and diesel || New vehicle sales 
|-
| {{flagcountry|Denmark}} || 2018 || 2030 {{efn|no ICE-only vehicles}} <br/> 2035 {{efn|All vehicles with gas emissions}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cleantechnica.com/2018/10/02/no-more-gasoline-diesel-car-sales-in-denmark-by-2030/|title=No More Gasoline & Diesel Car Sales In Denmark By 2030 {{!}} CleanTechnica|website=cleantechnica.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-10-03}}</ref>|| Gasoline and diesel || New vehicle sales
|-
| {{flagcountry|France}} || 2017 || 2040<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-40518293|title=France plans ban on petrol cars by 2040|date=6 July 2017|publisher=|via=www.bbc.com}}</ref> || Gasoline and diesel || New vehicle sales
|-
| {{flagcountry|Germany}} || 2016 || 2030<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/germany-petrol-car-ban-no-combustion-diesel-vehicles-2030-a7354281.html|title=Germany wants to ban combustion engine cars by 2030|publisher=}}</ref> || Combustion engine || New vehicle sales
|-
| {{flagcountry|India}} || 2017 || 2030<ref>{{cite web|url=https://auto.ndtv.com/news/india-aims-to-end-the-sale-of-petrol-and-diesel-cars-by-2030-1687721|title=India Aims to End The Sale Of Petrol And Diesel Cars By 2030 - NDTV CarAndBike|publisher=}}</ref> || Gasoline and diesel || New vehicle sales
|-
| {{flagcountry|Ireland}} || 2018 || 2030<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/energy-and-resources/ireland-2040-22bn-to-turn-state-into-low-carbon-economy-1.3394805|title=Ireland 2040: €22bn to turn State into low-carbon economy|publisher=}}</ref> || Gasoline and diesel || New vehicle sales
|-
| {{flagcountry|Israel}} || 2018 || 2030<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-aims-to-eliminate-use-of-coal-gasoline-and-diesel-by-2030/|title=Israel aims to eliminate use of coal, gasoline and diesel by 2030|publisher=}}</ref> || Gasoline and diesel || New vehicle sales
|-
| {{flagcountry|Japan}} || 1996 || Ongoing<ref name="climateprotection.org"/> || Incentives || New vehicle sales 
|-
| {{flagcountry|Netherlands}} || 2017 || 2030<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nltimes.nl/2017/10/10/new-dutch-governments-plans-coming-years|title=New Dutch government's plans for the coming years|date=10 October 2017|publisher=}}</ref> || All vehicles || New vehicle sales
|-
| {{flagcountry|Norway}} || 2016 || 2025<ref name="climateprotection.org"/> || Gasoline and diesel || New vehicle sales, buses are exempt<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lovdata.no/dokument/SF/forskrift/2017-12-11-1995/%C2%A75#%C2%A75|title=Forskrift om energi- og miljøkrav ved anskaffelse av kjøretøy til veitransport -  - Lovdata|website=lovdata.no|language=no|access-date=2018-10-03}}</ref>
|- 
| {{flagcountry|Portugal}} || 2010 || Ongoing<ref name="climateprotection.org"/> || Incentives || New vehicle sales 
|-  
| {{flagcountry|South Korea}} || 2016 || 2020<ref name="climateprotection.org"/> || Incentives || New vehicle sales 
|- 
| {{flagcountry|Spain}} || 2017 || Ongoing<ref name="climateprotection.org"/> || Incentives || New vehicle sales
|- 
| {{flagcountry|Taiwan}} || 2018 || 2040<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=15&post=127018|title=Cabinet proposes to ban sale of nonelectric vehicles - Taiwan Today|first=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China|last=(Taiwan)|date=22 December 2017|website=Taiwan Today}}</ref> || Non-electric || New vehicle sales
|-
| {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}} || 2017 || 2040 - England, Wales, Northern Ireland<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/jul/25/britain-to-ban-sale-of-all-diesel-and-petrol-cars-and-vans-from-2040|title=Britain to ban sale of all diesel and petrol cars and vans from 2040|first1=Anushka|last1=Asthana|first2=Matthew|last2=Taylor|date=25 July 2017|website=the Guardian}}</ref> <br/>2032 - Scotland<ref>https://climateprotection.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Survey-on-Global-Activities-to-Phase-Out-ICE-Vehicles-FINAL.pdf</ref> || Gasoline and diesel || New vehicle sales 
|}
{{notelist}}

=== Cities & Territories ===

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! City or Territory !! Country !! Ban announced !! Ban commences !! Scope !! Selectivity
|-
| [[Place:Athens|Athens]]
|{{flagcountry|Greece}}
|2016
|2025<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/dec/02/four-of-worlds-biggest-cities-to-ban-diesel-cars-from-their-centres|title=Four of world's biggest cities to ban diesel cars from their centres|last=Harvey|first=Fiona|date=2016-12-02|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-04-08}}</ref>
|Diesel
|All vehicles
|-
| [[Place:Auckland|Auckland]]
|{{flagcountry|New Zealand}}
|2017
|2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline or Diesel
|All vehicles, Electric Buses by 2025
|-
| [[Place:Barcelona|Barcelona]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|2017
|2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline or Diesel
|All vehicles, Electric Buses by 2025
|-
| Brussels
|{{flagcountry|Belgium}}
|2018
|2025<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline or Diesel
|All vehicles
|-
| [[Place:Cape Town|Cape Town]]
|{{flagcountry|South Africa}}
|2017
|2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline or Diesel
|All vehicles, Electric Buses by 2025
|-
| [[Place:Copenhagen|Copenhagen]]
|{{flagcountry|Denmark}}
|2017
|2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline or Diesel
|All vehicles, Electric Buses by 2025
|-
| [[Place:Delhi|Delhi]]
|{{flagcountry|India}}
|2014
|Ongoing<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Diesel
|All vehicles
|-
| [[Place:Hamburg|Hamburg]]
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|2018
|2018<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Diesel
|All vehicles
|-
| Heidelberg
|{{flagcountry|Germany}}
|2017
|2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline or Diesel
|All vehicles, Electric Buses by 2025
|-
| [[Place:London|London]]
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|2017
|2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline or Diesel
|All vehicles, Electric Buses by 2025
|-
| {{wipe|Los Angeles}}
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|2017
|2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline or Diesel
|All vehicles, Electric Buses by 2025
|-
| [[Place:Madrid|Madrid]]
|{{flagcountry|Spain}}
|2016
|2025<ref name="auto2"/>
|Diesel
|All vehicles
|-
| Milan
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
|2017
|2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline or Diesel
|All vehicles, Electric Buses by 2025
|-
| [[Place:Mexico City|Mexico City]]
|{{flagcountry|Mexico}}
|2016
|2025<ref name="auto2"/>
|Diesel
|All vehicles
|-
| [[Place:Oslo|Oslo]]
|{{flagcountry|Norway}}
|2016
|2019<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline and Diesel
|All vehicles
|-
| Oxford
|{{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
|2017
|2020<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline and Diesel
|All vehicles
|-
| [[Place:Paris|Paris]]
|{{flagcountry|France}}
|2016
|2025<ref name="auto2"/>
|Diesel
|All vehicles
|-
| [[Place:Quito|Quito]]
|{{flagcountry|Ecuador}}
|2017
|2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline or Diesel
|All vehicles, Electric Buses by 2025
|-
| [[Place:Rome|Rome]] 
|{{flagcountry|Italy}}
|2018
|2024<ref>{{cite web|url=https://electrek.co/2018/02/28/rome-bans-diesel-cars-2024/|title=Rome latest city to announce car ban, will ban diesel cars from historical center starting 2024|date=28 February 2018|publisher=}}</ref>
|Diesel
|All vehicles
|-
| Seattle
|{{flagcountry|United States}}
|2017
|2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline or Diesel
|All vehicles, Electric Buses by 2025
|-
| [[Place:Tokyo|Tokyo]]
|{{flagcountry|Japan}}
|2000
|2003<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Diesel
|All vehicles
|-
| {{wipe|Vancouver}}
|{{flagcountry|Canada}}
|2017
|2030<ref name="climateprotection.org"/>
|Gasoline or Diesel
|All vehicles, Electric Buses by 2025
|}

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fossil fuel vehicles banning countries}}
[[Category:Technological change]]

{{Sourceattribution|List of countries banning fossil fuel vehicles|1}}