View source for Engineering:Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar

{{Short description|American passenger transport aircraft of the World War II era}}
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{|{{Infobox aircraft begin
  |name = Model 18 Lodestar <br /> C-56 / C-57 / C-60 / R5O
  |image = Lockheed Lodestar flying jumpers at Goderich.jpg
  |caption = Lockheed Lodestar flying skydivers at Goderich, 1977
}}{{Infobox aircraft type
  |type = Passenger transport
  |national origin = {{wipe|United States}}
  |manufacturer = [[Company:Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]]
  |designer =
  |first flight = September 21, 1939
  |introduced = March 30, 1940
  |retired =
  |status =
  |primary user = United States Army Air Corps
  |more users =
  |produced =
  |number built = 625{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=488}}
  |unit cost =
  |developed from = [[Engineering:Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra|Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra]]
  |variants with their own articles = [[Engineering:Lockheed Ventura|Lockheed Ventura]]
}}
|}

The '''Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar''' is a passenger transport aircraft of the [[Social:World War II|World War II]] era.

==Design and development==
Sales of the 10–14 passenger [[Engineering:Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra|Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra]], which first flew in 1937, had proved disappointing, despite the aircraft's excellent performance, as it was more expensive to operate than the larger [[Engineering:Douglas DC-3|Douglas DC-3]], already in widespread use.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=135}} In order to improve the type's economics, [[Company:Lockheed Corporation|Lockheed]] decided to stretch the aircraft's fuselage by {{convert|5|ft|6|in|m}}, allowing an extra two rows of seats to be fitted.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp=185-86}}

The prototype for the revised airliner, designated Model 18 by Lockheed, was converted from the fourth Model 14, one of a batch which had been returned to the manufacturer by Northwest Airlines after a series of crashes. The modified aircraft first flew in this form on September 21, 1939, another two prototypes being converted from Model 14s, with the first newly built Model 18 flying on February 2, 1940.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp=1398, 186}}

A total of 625 Lodestars of all variants were built.

==Operational history==
[[File:LockheedLodestar.jpg|thumb|Lockheed Lodestar]]
[[File:Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar over Houston,1947-48.jpg|thumb|Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar over Houston, 1947 or 1948]]
The Lodestar received its [[Engineering:Type certificate|Type certificate]] on March 30, 1940, allowing it to enter service with the first customer, Mid-Continent Airlines that month.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=186}} As hoped, the extra seats greatly improved the Model 18's economics, reducing its seat-mile costs to a similar level to that of the DC-3, while retaining superior performance. Despite this, sales to US domestic customers were relatively slow as most US airlines were already committed to the DC-3, with only 31 Lodestars going to US airlines.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=187}} Overseas sales were a little better, with the biggest airline customers being South African Airways (21), New Zealand National Airways Corporation (13), Trans-Canada Air Lines (12) and BOAC (9); another 29 were bought by the {{wipe|Royal Netherlands East Indies Army Air Force}}. Various Pratt & Whitney and Wright Cyclone powerplants were installed.

When the {{wipe|United States}} started to build up its military air strength in 1940–41, many American-operated Lodestars were impressed as the C-56. This was followed by the construction of many new-build Lodestars which were flown by the {{wipe|U.S. Army Air Forces}} as the '''C-60''' and by the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps as the '''R5O'''. Lend-lease aircraft were used by the RNZAF as transports.

One was purchased in 1942 to serve as Brazilian President Getúlio Vargas' personal aircraft. This aircraft was specially designed for that purpose and had 11 seats.
[[File:Lockheed 18 Tri N6711 OPA 02.02.81 edited-3.jpg|thumb|right|'''Howard 250''' Lodestar conversion fitted with tri-gear. At Opa Locka Airport near Miami in 1981]]
After the war many Lodestars were overhauled and returned to civilian service, mostly as executive transports such as Dallas Aero Service's '''DAS Dalaero''' conversion, Bill Lear's '''Learstar''' (produced by PacAero), and Howard Aero's '''Howard 250'''.<ref name="Janes 65 p244">Taylor 1965, p. 244.</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Have You Seen? Twin Feathers|magazine=Flying|date=January 1954|volume=54|issue=1|page=40}}</ref> A few of the latter were converted to tricycle landing gear.

While the surviving [[Earth:New Zealand|New Zealand]] NZNAC aircraft were sold back overseas in 1951/52, six more were later imported and converted for aerial topdressing.

A single Lodestar served with the {{wipe|Israeli Air Force}} during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.

A number of skydiving operations in the United States used Lodestars during the 1970s and 1980s.

==Variants==
;18-07
:Powered by two 875 hp Pratt & Whitney Hornet S1E2-G engines; 25 built plus two prototypes.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp=186, 488}}
;18-08
:Powered by two 1,200 hp Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp S1C3-G engines; 33 built.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp=185, 488}}
;18-10
:Powered by two 1,200 hp Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp S1C3-G engines; 39 built.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp=186, 488–489}}
;18-14
:Powered by two 1,200 hp Pratt & Whitney Twin Wasp S4C4-G engines; four built.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp=186, 488}}
;18-40
:Powered by two 1,200 hp Wright Cyclone G-1820-G104A engines; 26 built.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp=186, 488}}
;18-50
:Powered by two 1,200hp Wright Cyclone G-1820-G202A engines; 13 built.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp=186, 488–489}}
;18-56
:Powered by two 1,200hp Wright Cyclone GR-1820-G205A, R-1820-40 or R-1820-87 engines.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=186}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Lockheed 18 Lodestar specs |website=Aviation Safety Network |date=8 August 2013 |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/types/Lockheed-18-Lodestar/specs |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref>

===US Army Lodestars===
;C-56
:Powered by 1,200 hp Wright 1820-89 engines, one Model 18-50 for evaluation.<ref name="Serials77">Andrade 1979, pp. 77–78.</ref>
;C-56A
:One impressed Model 18-07 with two Pratt & Whitney R-1690-54 engines.<ref name="Serials77" />
;C-56B
:Thirteen impressed Model 18-40s with two Wright 1820-97 engines.<ref name="Serials77" />
;C-56C
:Twelve impressed Model 18-07.<ref name="Serials77" />
;C-56D
:Seven impressed Model 18-08.<ref name="Serials77" />
;C-56E
:Two Model 18-40s impressed in 1943.<ref name="Serials77" />
;C-57
:As Model 18-14 powered by two 1,200 hp Pratt & Whitney R-1830-53 engines.<ref name="Serials77" />
;C-57A
:Allocated for impressed aircraft, not used.<ref name="Serials77" />
;C-57B
:Based on Model 18-08 fitted for trooping; seven aircraft built.<ref name="Serials77" />
;C-57C
:Repowered C-60A with Pratt & Whitney R-1830-51 engines; three aircraft converted.<ref name="Serials77" />
;C-57D
:Repowered C-57C with Pratt & Whitney R-1830-92 engines; one aircraft converted.<ref name="Serials77" />
;C-59
:Based on Model 18-07 powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1690-25 Hornet engines; 10 aircraft built, transferred to Royal Air Force as '''Lodestar IA'''.
;C-60
:Model 18-56 powered by Wright R-1820-87 engines; 36 aircraft built, some transferred to RAF as '''Lodestar II'''.
;C-60A
:As the C-60 but fitted out as a paratroop transport powered by Pratt & Whitney R-1830 Twin Wasp engines; 325 aircraft built.<ref name="Serials77" />
;XC-60B
:One C-60A fitted with experimental de-icing equipment.<ref name="Serials77" />
;C-60C
:Proposed 21-seat troop transport aircraft, never built.
;C-66
:Powered by Wright R-1820-87 engines; one aircraft built, 11-passenger interior for transfer to the {{wipe|Brazilian Air Force}}.<ref name="Serials77" />
;C-104
:Original designation for C-60C

===US Navy Lodestars===
;XR5O-1
:One Model 18-07 acquired for evaluation powered by 1,200&nbsp;hp (895&nbsp;kW) Wright R-1820-40 engines.<ref name="Serials77" />
;R5O-1
:Staff transport powered by 1,200&nbsp;hp (895&nbsp;kW) Wright R-1820-97 engines; three aircraft built, two for the USN and one for the United States Coast Guard.
;R5O-2
:Navy version of the C-59 powered by 850&nbsp;hp (634&nbsp;kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1690-25 engines; one aircraft built.
;R5O-3
:Powered by 1,200&nbsp;hp (895&nbsp;kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1830-34A engines. Originally 4-seater VIP transports; three aircraft built.
;R5O-4
:Powered by 1,200&nbsp;hp (895&nbsp;kW) Wright R-1820-40 engines. Impressed. 7-seater staff transports; 12 aircraft built.
;R5O-5
:Navy version of the C-60 powered by 1,200&nbsp;hp (895&nbsp;kW) Wright R-1820-40 engines. Similar to the R5O-4 but had 14-seats; 38 aircraft built and three former NEIAF aircraft.<ref name="Serials77" />
;R5O-6
:Navy version of the C-60A for the US Marine Corps, equipped with 18 paratroop seats; 35 built.<ref name="Serials77" />

==Operators==
[[File:NAC ZK-AJM.JPG|thumb|Not all New Zealand machines became topdressers: Union Airways of New Zealand converted several to airliners in 1945–46 and these were taken over by National Airways Corporation in 1947, as illustrated.]]

===Civil operators===
;{{AUS}}
*[[Biology:Trans Australia Airlines|Trans-Australia Airlines]] (TAA) - two, operated 1952–1953.
;{{BEL}}
*SABENA (mainly in Africa)
;{{BOL}}
*Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano (LAB)
;{{BRA}}
*Linhas Aéreas Wright
*NAB – Navegação Aérea Brasileira
*Panair do Brasil - 6 Model 18-10s delivered new.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp=187, 488}}
*SAVAG (Sociedade Anônima Viação Aérea Gaúcha) - Two Model 18-10s bought from Panair do Brasil.
*Transportes Aéreos Universal
*Viação Aérea Bahiana
;{{Flag|Canada|1921}}
*Trans-Canada Air Lines - 12 Model 18-10s delivered new.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=188}})
*Yukon Southern Air Transport - Two Model 18-10s delivered new.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=188}})
*Canadian Pacific Air Lines (purchased Yukon Southern Air Transport in 1941)
;{{CHI}}
*Línea Aérea Nacional (LAN) (1943–1953)
*CINTA Chilean Airlines (1953–1959)
;{{FIN}}
*Karhumäki Airways
;{{FRA}}
*Air Afrique (the prewar airline, unrelated to the postwar airline of the same name) - Five Model 18-07s delivered new.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=187}})
*Air France - Three Model 18-07s delivered new.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=187}}
*Aero Africaine (part of Société Africaine des Transports Tropicaux (SATT), based in Algeria)
;{{HON}}
*TACA Airways System
;{{Flag|Kenya|colonial}}, {{Flag|Tanganyika}}, {{Flag|Uganda|colonial}} and {{Flag|Zanzibar|colonial}}
*East African Airways - Received six ex-BOAC Model 18-07s in 1948.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=191}}
;{{NZL}}
*Union Airways of New Zealand (1945–1947)
*National Airways Corporation (post 1947)
;{{POR}}
[[File:IWM-CNA3627 Lockheed 18 205212526.jpg|thumb|BOAC Lockheed 18, [[Place:Ankara|Ankara]], ca. 1942]]
*Aero Portuguesa
*DETA Mozambique Airways (serving Portugal's colony of Mozambique)
;{{Flag|Puerto Rico}}
*Caribbean-Atlantic Airlines 
;{{Flag|South Africa|1928}}
*South African Airways Purchased 29 Model 18-08s from new.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp=187–188}}
*Commercial Air Services operated two aircraft.
;{{SWE}}
*Linjeflyg (1957–1960)
;{{Flag|Trinidad and Tobago|colonial}}
*British West Indian Airways
;{{UK}}
*BOAC (British Overseas Airways Corporation) - Purchased nine, new-build, Model 18-07s supplemented by 29 second hand aircraft (Model 18-07, 18-10, 18-40, 18-50 C-59, C60 and C60A).{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp=187, 191}})

;{{US}}
[[File:Lockheed 18 National Air Lines (5028200559).jpg|thumb|National Airlines Lockheed 18]]
*Continental Air Lines - Two Model 18-08s and three 18-10s delivered new.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=187}}
*Mid-Continent Airlines - Three Model 18-07s and one Model 18-10 delivered new.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=187}}
*National Airlines - Three Model 18-50s delivered new.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=187}}
*Pan American Airways - Six Model 18-10s delivered new.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=187}}
*United Air Lines - Four Model 18-10s delivered new.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=187}}
*Inland Air Lines - One Model 18-08 delivered new.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=187}}
*Western Air Lines (purchased Inland Air Lines in 1944 and operated it as a separate division)
*Alaska Star Airlines (renamed to Alaska Airlines in 1944) (one Model 18-56)
*Tennessee Valley Authority - one for internal use

;{{VEN}}
*Línea Aeropostal Venezolana (LAV) - One Model 18-10 delivered new.{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=187}})

===Military operators===
;{{AUS}}
*{{wipe|Royal Australian Air Force}}
;{{BRA}}
*{{wipe|Brazilian Air Force}} (Seven × C-60A and one C-66{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=193}})
;{{Flag|Canada|1921}}
*{{wipe|Royal Canadian Air Force}} (18 × C-60A{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=193}})
**No. 164 Squadron RCAF
**No. 165 Squadron RCAF
;{{COL}}
*{{wipe|Colombian Air Force}} (C-60 as VIP transport)
; {{Flag|Haiti}}
*Haiti Air Corps

;{{ISR}}
*{{wipe|Israeli Air Force}}
;{{MEX}}
[[File:Royal Air Force- Italy, the Balkans and South-east Europe, 1942-1945. CNA1110.jpg|thumb|SAAF Lodestar 18 ambulance aircraft, at Catania, Sicily circa 1944]]
*{{wipe|Mexican Air Force}}
;{{NLD}}
*Royal Netherlands East Indies Air Force (20 Model 18-40s and nine Model 18-50s delivered{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=187}})
;{{NZL}}
*{{wipe|Royal New Zealand Air Force}}
**No. 40 Squadron RNZAF
**No. 41 Squadron RNZAF
;{{NOR}}
*{{wipe|Norwegian Air Force}} (Three delivered to the Norwegian government in exile{{sfn|Francillon|1982|p=187}})
;{{Flag|South Africa|1928}}
*{{wipe|South African Air Force}}
[[File:Lockheed R5O-1 (4461059329).jpg|thumb|Lockheed R5O-1, staff transport for the Secretary of the Navy. At {{wipe|San Francisco}} on August 4, 1941.]]

;{{UK}}
*{{wipe|Royal Air Force}}
;{{Flag|United States|1912}}
*United States Army Air Corps
*United States Navy
*United States Marine Corps
*United States Coast Guard

==Accidents and incidents==


Between 1941-1944, the Panair do Brasil airline suffered 4 accidents involving the Lodestar which resulted in a total of 57 fatalities.<ref name="Lodestar">{{cite book | first=Aldo | last=Pereira | title=Breve História da Aviação Comercial Brasileira | place=Rio de Janeiro | publisher=Europa | year=1987 | page=338 | language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | first=Carlos Ari César | last=Germano da Silva | title=O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928-1996 | chapter=Serra da Cantareira | publisher=EDIPUCRS | edition=2 | place=Porto Alegre | year=2008 | pages=37–41 | isbn=978-85-7430-760-2 | language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | first=Carlos Ari César | last=Germano da Silva | title=O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928-1996 | chapter=Uma desgraça nunca vem só | publisher=EDIPUCRS | edition=2 | place=Porto Alegre | year=2008 | pages=49–53 | isbn=978-85-7430-760-2 | language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19440831-0 | title=Accident description PP-PBI | publisher=Aviation Safety Network | access-date=August 17, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | first=Carlos Ari César | last=Germano da Silva | title=O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928-1996 | chapter=Alternativa derradeira | publisher=EDIPUCRS | edition=2 | place=Porto Alegre | year=2008 | pages=66–68 | isbn=978-85-7430-760-2 | language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19440921-L |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707021204/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19440921-L |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 7, 2012 |title=Accident description PP-PBH |publisher=Aviation Safety Network |access-date=June 9, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | first=Carlos Ari César | last=Germano da Silva | title=O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928-1996 | chapter=Mais um Lodestar | publisher=EDIPUCRS | edition=2 | place=Porto Alegre | year=2008 | pages=69–72 | isbn=978-85-7430-760-2 | language=pt}}</ref>

In January 1943, Lockheed Lodestar Mk.II EW986,<ref name="EW986">[http://www.lostaircraft.com/database.php?mode=viewentry&e=29700 Record for ''EW986'' on ''lostaircraft.com'']</ref> c/n 2154, in the service of the {{wipe|Royal Air Force}}, overshot and crashed 3&nbsp;km south of Heliopolis, Egypt. At least 12 crew members and passengers died in the crash.<ref name="EW986" /> A cause of the accident was not determined. Among those killed were Air Vice-Marshal Wilfred Ashton McClaughry, CB, DSO, MC, DFC and Lady Rosalinde Tedder née MacLardy, wife of Marshal of the Royal Air Force Arthur William Tedder, 1st Baron Tedder, GCB.<ref name="EW986" />


In 1949, a Lockheed Lodestar in airline service in {{wipe|Australia}} crashed immediately after takeoff. All 21 occupants died in the crash or the ensuing [[Physics:Conflagration|conflagration]]. The cause of the accident was determined to be that the center of gravity was behind the rear limit. It is also likely the elevator [[Engineering:Trim tab|trim tab]] was set for landing rather than takeoff.<ref>Job, Macarthur. [http://www.casa.gov.au/wcmswr/_assets/main/fsa/1999/nov/fsa47.pdf "Horror at Coolangatta."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120326213855/http://casa.gov.au/wcmswr/_assets/main/fsa/1999/nov/fsa47.pdf |date=2012-03-26 }} ''Flight Safety Australia,'' via  ''casa.gov.au,'' November–December 1999, p. 47. Retrieved: December 5, 2011.</ref>

On December 20, 1956, Alden G. Roach, president of the Consolidated Western Steel and the Columbia-Geneva-Steel Divisions of [[Company:U.S. Steel|U.S. Steel]], pilot and co-pilot crash near Tyrone, Pennsylvania, Model 18-56, N 1245V, U.S. Steel owned company plane. Causes unknown.<ref>https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/33566/dot_33566_DS1.pdf?</ref>

On March 22, 1958, Mike Todd's private plane Lucky Liz, named after his wife Elizabeth Taylor, crashed near Grants, New Mexico. The plane, a twin-engine Lockheed Lodestar, suffered engine failure while being flown overloaded, in icing conditions at too-high an altitude for the loading. The plane went out of control and crashed, killing all four on board.{{cn|date=April 2023}}

On September 4, 1962, a Lockheed 18-56-24 Lodestar operated by the Ashland Oil and Refining Company crashed near Lake Milton, Ohio. The flight was in-route to Ashland Regional Airport (KDWU) from Buffalo Airport, NY. Eleven passengers and two crew-members were killed. Investigation determined the crash a result of a malfunction of the electric elevator [[Engineering:Trim tab|trim tab]], which caused the loss of the plane's right wing during flight.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19620904-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident Lockheed 18-56-24 Lodestar N1000F Lake Milton, OH|first=Harro|last=Ranter|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=4 April 2018}}</ref>

On August 21, 1983, a Lockheed L-18 LEARStar operated by Landry Aviation, Inc. crashed near Silvana, Washington. The flight was a planned parachute drop carrying two pilots and 22 parachutists. Nine parachutists and two crew-members were killed while 13 were able to parachute to safety after the pilots lost control and entered a vertical descent from 12,500 feet. Investigation determined the crash a result of a failure of the operator and pilot-in-command to assure proper load distribution during the parachute drop.<ref>https://ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR8406.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>

==Surviving aircraft==

===Brazil===
* FAB 2006 – C-60A on static display at the Museu Aeroespacial in Rio de Janeiro.<ref>{{cite web|title=LOCKHEED 18 (C-60A) - LODESTAR &#124; LOCKHEED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION|url=http://www2.fab.mil.br/musal/index.php/anvs/331-c-60a|website=Museu Aeroespacial|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed C-60A Lodestar, s/n 2006 FABr, c/n 18-2368|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=152495|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref>

===Canada===
* c/n 18-2064 – L18-08 under restoration by students at the Aerospace Centre of the University of the Fraser Valley for static display at the Canadian Museum of Flight. It was previously on display at the Victory Air Museum in Mundelein, Illinois.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed Lodestar|url=http://www.canadianflight.org/content/lockheed-lodestar|website=Canadian Museum of Flight|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=May|first1=Bill|title=Lockheed Lodestar 18-08 CF-TCY|url=http://www.canadianflight.org/content/lockheed-lodestar-18-08-cf-tcy|website=Canadian Museum of Flight|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Museum of Flight says 'thanks' to UFV for plane restoration project|url=http://bcaiu.com/museum-of-flight-says-thanks-to-ufv-for-plane-restoration-project|website=BC Association of Institutes & Universities|publisher=BCAIU|access-date=12 December 2016|date=13 January 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Tenby|first1=Henry|title=Trans Canada Airlines Lockheed Lodestar CF-TCY Restoration|url=http://www.henrytenby.com/trans-canada-airlines-lockheed-lodestar-cf-tcy-restoration|website=Henry Tenby|access-date=12 December 2016|date=1 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft CF-TCY Data|url=http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/CF-TCY.html|website=Airport-Data.com|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref>
* c/n 18-2220 – L18-08 in storage at the Reynolds Museum in Wetaskiwin, Alberta. It was previously registered as CF-TDB.<ref>{{cite web |title=Aviation |url=https://reynoldsmuseum.ca/aviation |website=Reynolds Museum|publisher=Government of Alberta |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref>

===Finland===
* c/n 18-2006 – L18-56 on static display at the Finnish Aviation Museum in [[Place:Helsinki|Helsinki]].<ref>{{cite web|title=LOCKHEED 18-07 LODESTAR|url=http://ilmailumuseo.fi/kokoelma/lockheed-18-07-lodestar|website=Ilmailumuseo Flygmuseum|date=22 May 2015 |publisher=Suomen ilmailumuseo|access-date=12 December 2016|language=fi}}</ref> It was previously registered as OH-VKU, N9955F, N9965F, and F-ARTF.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed L-18-56 Lodestar|url=http://www.ilmailumuseot.fi/tuotteet.html?id=20738/288433|website=Ilmailumuseot.fi|access-date=12 December 2016|language=fi}}</ref>

===New Zealand===
* c/n 18-2020 – C-60 on static display at the Museum of Transport & Technology, [[Place:Auckland|Auckland]]. It was built for United Airlines in October 1940 and registered as NC25630. It was impressed into United States Army Air Forces with the serial number 42-53504. In September 1941 it was transferred to the Royal Air Force as AX756. Next, it was operated as G-AGCN by the British Overseas Airways Corporation in East Africa. After serving with the Spanish Air Force, it was sold back to the United States where it was registered as N9933F. Sold again to FieldAir in either 1957 or 1958 it was converted to an aerial topdresser and given the registration ZK-BVE. It was damaged in a wheels up landing in 1969.<ref>{{cite web|title=AVIATION|url=http://www.motat.org.nz/collection/collection-themes/aviation/|website=Museum of Transport and Technology|publisher=MOTAT|access-date=13 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113095339/http://www.motat.org.nz/collection/collection-themes/aviation|archive-date=13 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Wesley|first1=Richard|title=Lockheed 19 Lodestar|url=http://motataircraft.blogspot.com/2007/12/lockheed-19-lodestar.html|website=MOTAT Aircraft Collection|publisher=Blogger|access-date=13 December 2016|date=23 December 2007}}</ref><ref name="KAI">{{cite web|last1=Treweek|first1=Phillip|title=Lockheed (Model 18) C-60 Lodestar|url=http://www.kiwiaircraftimages.com/lodestar.html|website=Kiwi Aircraft Images|access-date=13 December 2016|date=19 September 1998}}</ref>
* c/n 18-2152 – C-60 under restoration with the Gisborne Aviation Preservation Society in Gisborne. It was previously operated by the Royal Air Force as EW984 and Spanish Air Force. Sold to civilian ownership, it was first registered in the United States as N9930F in 1955. It was converted to an aerial topdresser by Fieldair in 1957 and registered as ZK-BUV. It was a gate guardian at Gisborne Airport from 1973 to 1998.<ref>{{cite web|title=[Data Sheet]|url=http://www.gisborne.net.nz/cadstuff/dsheet1.html|website=Gisborne Aviation Preservation Society|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed C-59 Lodestar, s/n EW984 RAF, c/n 18-2152, c/r ZK-BUV|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=123200|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref><ref name="KAI" />
* c/n 18-2388 – L18-56 on static display at the National Transport & Toy Museum in Wānaka.<ref>{{cite web|title=Aircraft|url=http://nttmuseumwanaka.co.nz/aircraft|website=National Transport and Toy Museum|access-date=13 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013222815/http://nttmuseumwanaka.co.nz/aircraft|archive-date=13 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="KAI" /><ref>{{cite web|last1=Livingstone|first1=Bob|title=Guest Gallery (2)|url=http://www.kiwiaircraftimages.com/livingst.html|website=Kiwi Aircraft Images|publisher=Phillip Treweek|access-date=13 December 2016|date=1992}}</ref>

===Norway===
* c/n 18-2444 – C-60A on static display with the Norwegian Armed Forces Aircraft Collection at Gardermoen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed C-60A Lodestar|url=https://www.flysam.no/utstillingen/flyene/lockheed-c-60a-lodestar/|website=www.flysam.no|publisher=Flysamlingen Forsvarets Museer|access-date=6 April 2019}}</ref>

===South Africa===
* c/n 18-2026 – L18-08 on static display at the South African Airways Museum in Germiston, Gauteng. It was previously operated by South African Airways as ZS-ASN.<ref>{{cite web|title=Andries Pretorius|url=http://www.saamuseum.co.za/our-aircraft/72.html|website=SAA Museum Society|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref>

===Sweden===
* c/n 18-0056 – L18-56 on static display at the Flygsamlingar Arlanda in Märsta, Stockholm.<ref>{{cite web|title=SE-BZE. LOCKHEED 18-56 LODESTAR|url=http://arlandaflygsamlingar.se/flygplan/se-bze-lockheed-18-56-lodestar|website=Flygsamlingar Arlanda|access-date=2 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed C-60A-5-LO Lodestar, s/n 2593 RNoAF, c/n 18-0056, c/r SE-BZE|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=916|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=2 March 2017}}</ref>

===United States===
* c/n 18-2035 – XC-60B on static display at the Castle Air Museum at the former {{wipe|Castle Air Force Base}} in Atwater, California.<ref>{{cite web|title=AIRCRAFT ON DISPLAY|url=http://www.castleairmuseum.org/ondisplay|website=Castle Air Museum|access-date=12 December 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114232620/http://www.castleairmuseum.org/ondisplay/|archive-date=14 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed XC-60B Lodestar, s/n 1373 SAAF, c/n 18-2035, c/r N102V|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=5747|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref>
* c/n 18-2404 – R5O-5 airworthy with Lawrence E. Hill of Marion, Montana.<ref>{{cite web |title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed R5O-5 Lodestar, s/n 12474 USN, c/n 18-2404, c/r N631LS |url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=9747 |website=Aerial Visuals |publisher=AerialVisuals.ca |access-date=1 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=FAA REGISTRY [N631LS] |url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N631LS |website=Federal Aviation Administration |publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation |access-date=1 January 2020}}</ref>
* c/n 18-2302 – C-60 on display at the 1940 Air Terminal Museum in Houston, {{wipe|Texas}}. It has been converted for use as an executive aircraft.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed Lodestar - N31G|url=http://www.1940airterminal.org/TheHangar/Lodestar|website=1940 Air Terminal Museum|publisher=Houston Aeronautical Heritage Society|access-date=12 December 2016|archive-date=1 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201142304/http://www.1940airterminal.org/TheHangar/Lodestar/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* c/n 18-2347 – C-60 in storage in Corinth, Mississippi.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed C-60 Lodestar, c/n 18-2347, c/r N442D|url=http://www.aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=13790|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=5 April 2019}}</ref>
* c/n 18-2359 – C-57 derelict static display since 1973 at Bowman Field (Kentucky), Louisville, Kentucky. <ref>Arrington, C. W. (2017). ''Bowman Field''. Arcadia Publishing. </ref>
* c/n 18-6124 – L18-56 airworthy with Chris Galloway of Knights Landing, {{wipe|California}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=1941 LOCKHEED HUDSON/L-18 LODESTAR N41CW S/N 6124|url=http://courtesyaircraft.com/aircraft/n41cw-1941-lockheed-hudsonl-18-lodestar|website=Courtesy Aircraft Sales|access-date=4 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed L-18 Lodestar, s/n BW445 RAF, c/n 18-6124, c/r N41CW|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=2290|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=4 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N41CW]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N41CW|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=4 April 2017}}</ref>
* 41-19729 – C-56 on static display at the {{wipe|Travis Air Force Base Heritage Center}} at {{wipe|Travis Air Force Base}} near Fairfield, California.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Veronico|first1=Nick|title=Outdoor Exhibits - C-56 "Lodestar"|url=https://travisheritagecenter.org/html/c56.html|website=Travis Air Force Base Heritage Center|publisher=Travis Heritage Center|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed C-56 Lodestar, s/n 41-19729 USAAF, c/n 18-2089, c/r N2333|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=13937|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref>
* 42-32181 – C-60 on static display at the Planes of Fame Air Museum in Chino, California.<ref name="POFAM">{{cite web|title=Flying & Static Aircraft|url=http://planesoffame.org/index.php?page=static-flying|website=Planes of Fame Air Museum|access-date=12 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520044311/http://planesoffame.org/index.php?page=static-flying|archive-date=20 May 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed C-60 Lodestar, s/n 42-32181 USAAF, c/n 18-2201, c/r N3779G|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=38763|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref>
* 42-55884 – C-60A airworthy with Gary Hilton of Kingsville, Missouri.<ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed C-60A-1-LO Lodestar, s/n 42-55884 USAAF, c/n 18-2274, c/r N30N|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=23267|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N30N]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N30N|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref>
* 42-56005 – C-60A airworthy with the Houston Wing of the Commemorative Air Force in Houston, {{wipe|Texas}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=C-60 Lodestar|url=http://houstonwing.org/wing-aircraft/c-60-lodestar|website=Commemorative Air Force Houston Wing|publisher=Commemorative Air Force, Inc.|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed C-60A Lodestar, s/n 42-56005 USAAF, c/n 18-2478, c/r N60JT|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=28889|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N60JT]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N60JT|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref>
* 42-56036 – C-60A airworthy with the Mid America Flight Museum in Mount Pleasant, Texas.<ref>{{cite web|title=N1940S|url=http://www.midamericaflightmuseum.org/Lodestar%20Info%20(N1940S).pdf|website=Mid America Flight Museum|access-date=3 March 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303201332/http://www.midamericaflightmuseum.org/Lodestar%20Info%20%28N1940S%29.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FAA REGISTRY [N1940S]|url=http://registry.faa.gov/aircraftinquiry/NNum_Results.aspx?NNumbertxt=N1940S|website=Federal Aviation Administration|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation|access-date=3 March 2017}}</ref>
* 43-16445 – C-60A on static display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lockheed C-60A Lodestar|url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/MuseumExhibits/FactSheets/Display/tabid/509/Article/197555/lockheed-c-60a-lodestar.aspx|website=National Museum of the US Air Force|access-date=12 December 2016|date=10 April 2015}}</ref>
* 43-16462 – C-60A on static display at the Planes of Fame Museum in Chino, California.<ref name="POFAM" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed C-60A-5-LO Lodestar, s/n 43-16462 USAAF, c/n 18-2622, c/r N1000B|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=4025|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref>
* 12473 – R5O-5 on static display at the March Field Air Museum at March Air Reserve Base (former {{wipe|March Air Force Base}}) in Riverside, California.<ref>{{cite web|title=R50-5 Lodestar|url=http://www.marchfield.org/aircraft/cargo/r50-5-lodestar-lockheed|website=March Field Air Museum|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref>
* 12481 – R5O-5 on static display at the Pima Air & Space Museum adjacent to {{wipe|Davis-Monthan Air Force Base}} in Tucson, Arizona.<ref>{{cite web|title=LODESTAR|url=http://www.pimaair.org/aircraft-by-name/item/lockheed-r5o-5-lodestar|website=Pima Air & Space Museum|publisher=Pimaair.org|access-date=12 December 2016}}</ref>

===Uruguay===
* c/n 18-2349 – C-60 on static display at the Museo Aeronáutico Jaime Meregalli at Carrasco Airport near [[Place:Montevideo|Montevideo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Museo Aeronáutico|url=http://www.artemercosur.org.uy/aeronautico/index.html|website=Arte Mercosur|access-date=12 December 2016|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Romero|first1=Álvaro|title=Visitamos el nuevo Museo Aeronáutico del Uruguay|url=http://modocharlie.com/2015/03/visitamos-el-nuevo-museo-aeronautico-del-uruguay|website=ModoCharlie|access-date=12 December 2016|language=es|date=2015-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Airframe Dossier - Lockheed C-60 Lodestar, s/n 42-32215 USAAF, c/n 18-2349, c/r N69415|url=http://aerialvisuals.ca/AirframeDossier.php?Serial=36017|website=Aerial Visuals|publisher=AerialVisuals.ca|access-date=13 December 2016}}</ref> It was seized as a smuggler in the 1980s.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}}

==Specifications (C-60A-5)==
[[File:Lockheed R5O-3 Lodestar 3-view line drawing.png|300px|right|3-view line drawing of the Lockheed R5O-3 Lodestar]]

{{Aircraft specs
|prime units?=imp
|ref=''Lockheed Aircraft since 1913.''{{sfn|Francillon|1982|pp=190, 194}}
|crew=3
|capacity= 18 passengers
|payload main=
|payload alt=
|length ft= 49
|length in= 10
|length m=  
|span ft= 65
|span in= 6
|span alt= 
|height ft= 11
|height in= 10
|height m= 
|wing area sqft= 551
|wing area m2= 
|airfoil=
|empty weight lb= 12500
|empty weight kg= 
|gross weight lb= 17500
|gross weight kg= 
|useful load main=
|useful load alt=
|max takeoff weight lb=21000
|max takeoff weight kg=
|more general=
|eng1 name= Wright R-1820-87
|eng1 type=nine-cylinder air-cooled radial engines
|eng1 number=2
|eng1 hp= 1200
|eng1 kw= 
|power original=
|max speed mph=266
|max speed kts=
|max speed kmh=
|max speed note=at {{convert|1750|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|cruise speed mph=200
|cruise speed knots=
|cruise speed kmh=
|stall speed main=
|stall speed alt=
|never exceed speed main=
|never exceed speed alt=
|range miles= 2500
|range nmi=
|range km=
|ceiling ft= 30100 
|ceiling m= 
|climb rate main= 
|climb rate alt= 
|loading main=
|loading alt=
|thrust/weight=
|power/mass main=
|power/mass alt=
|more performance=*'''Climb to {{convert|10000|ft|m|abbr=on}}:''' 6.6 minutes
|armament=
|avionics=
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
|related=
* [[Engineering:Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra|Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra]]
* [[Engineering:Lockheed Ventura|Lockheed Ventura]]
* [[Engineering:Howard 500|Howard 500]]
|similar aircraft=
|lists=
* [[Engineering:List of aircraft of World War II|List of aircraft of World War II]]
* List of airliners
* List of Lockheed aircraft
* List of military aircraft of the United States
* List of United States Navy aircraft designations (pre-1962)
* List of Royal New Zealand Air Force Aircraft
|see also=
}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Bibliography==
* Andrade, John. U.S. Military Aircraft Designations and Serial, since 1909. Hersham, Surrey, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1979. {{ISBN|0-904597-22-9}}.
* {{cite book|last=Francillon |first= René J. |title=Lockheed Aircraft since 1913 |location= London |publisher= Putnam & Company |year= 1982 |isbn=0-370-30329-6 }}.
* Stanaway, John C. ''Vega Ventura: The Operational Story of Lockheed's Lucky Star''. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 2000. {{ISBN|0-7643-0087-3}}.
*{{cite magazine|last=Stitt|first=Robert M.|title=Round-out |magazine=Air Enthusiast |date=July–August 2002|issue=100 |page=75 |issn=0143-5450}}
* Taylor, John W. R. ''Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965-66''. London: Sampson Low, Marston, 1965.

==External links==

{{Lockheed}}

[[Category:Low-wing aircraft]]
[[Category:Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft]]
[[Category:Twin-tail aircraft]]

{{Sourceattribution|Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar}}