View source for Engineering:M80 Zolja

{{Infobox weapon
|name= M80 Zolja
| image= RBR M80 Rocket Launcher.jpg
| image_size = 300
|caption= The M80 Zolja in collapsed position and its rocket
|origin= Yugoslavia
|type= Anti-tank [[Engineering:Rocket-propelled grenade|rocket-propelled grenade]] launcher
<!-- Type selection -->
|is_ranged=yes
|is_explosive=yes
<!-- Production history -->
|designer= Military Technical Institute
|manufacturer= Sloboda
<!-- General specifications -->
|caliber= 64 mm
|range= 220 m
|weight= 3 kg (loaded)
|velocity= 190 m/s
|length= 800 mm: (unarmed)<br>1200 mm: (ready to fire)
|design_date= 1980
|action=300 mm: RHA|sights=Iron sights|max_range=1280 m}}

The '''M80 Zolja''' (from {{lang-sr|зоља|lit=wasp}}) is a portable one-shot disposable 64&nbsp;mm unguided anti-tank [[Engineering:Rocket-propelled grenade|rocket-propelled grenade]], designed in the former Yugoslavia. The M80 Zolja is still produced in Serbia and in North Macedonia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.yugoimport.com/en/proizvodi/m80-rbr-64-mm-light-anti-armour-rocket-launcher|title=M80 RBR 64 mm LIGHT ANTI-ARMOUR ROCKET LAUNCHER &#124; SDPR - Yugoimport|access-date=2017-09-06|archive-date=2020-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919191941/https://www.yugoimport.com/en/proizvodi/m80-rbr-64-mm-light-anti-armour-rocket-launcher|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Archived copy">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eurokompozit.mk/product/en/rocket-launcher-rbr-64-mm-m80-zolja/ |title=Rocket launcher RBR 64 mm M80 - ZOLJA &#124; EUROKOMPOZIT |access-date=2017-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109060203/http://www.eurokompozit.mk/product/en/rocket-launcher-rbr-64-mm-m80-zolja/ |archive-date=2018-01-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Description==
Constructed from fibre-reinforced plastics, the M80 Zolja is designed to be used by an individual against [[Engineering:Armoured fighting vehicle|armoured fighting vehicle]]s or fortifications.

The M80 Zolja is a single-use recoilless weapon which is characterized by its simple operation and lightweight characteristics. The launcher and the container are incorporated into a single unit.

==Launcher==
The M80 Zolja launcher is telescoping which is intended for easier transportation. The launchers consists of a forward and rear tube made of [[Physics:Fibre-reinforced plastic|fibre-reinforced plastic]], a firing mechanism, front and rear aiming sights, a carry handle, front and rear caps to keep debris out and a [[Engineering:Sling (firearms)|sling]].
[[File:Zolja nisan2.jpg|thumbnail|right|Aimsight of 64mm M80 "Zolja" RPG launcher]]
[[File:Zolja nisan1.jpg|thumbnail|right|Aiming the M80 "Zolja"]]

==Rocket==
The 64mm anti-tank missile is located in the rear of the launcher. The missile consists of an explosive warhead, stabilizer wings and a solid fuel rocket.

The M80's warhead has the potential to penetrate 300&nbsp;mm of solid steel at a 90-degree angle. The warhead may be fitted with an impact and piezoelectric blasting mechanism. A self-destruct mechanism is also integrated into the rocket which ensures that the rockets self-destruct if the target is not hit within 4 to 6 seconds of flight. The rocket propellant is only fired while in the tube, which propels the rocket to a speed of 190&nbsp;m/s. This speed ensures that the rocket reaches its 240 m range at a 2.5 meter target.

==Operation==
The launcher is held in both hands. The operator opens the covers on both ends of the launcher, grasping the forward tube piece firmly with his left hand the operator pulls the back tube outwards with a sharp, hard pull. If the launcher has been successfully cocked, the back piece will not slide in. The operator assumes a correct firing position, keeping in mind the backblast zone of the launcher, takes aim through the flip up sights and squeezes the trigger to fire the rocket. Afterwards the empty tube is disposed of.

==Use==
The M80 was widely used in the Yugoslav Wars and Insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia. Many units ended up in civilian hands and have been used in a number of violent incidents.<ref>http://www.javno.com/hr-svijet/mladi-srbin-zoljom-pokusao-ubiti-zeninu-obitelj_204817 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005031021/http://www.javno.com/hr-svijet/mladi-srbin-zoljom-pokusao-ubiti-zeninu-obitelj_204817 |date=2018-10-05 }} {{in lang|hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.index.hr/clanak.aspx?id=410193|title=U Doboju pomahnitali nasilnik zoljom gađao suprugu i njene roditelje|website=www.index.hr|access-date=2022-07-06|archive-date=2023-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925170720/https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/u-doboju-pomahnitali-nasilnik-zoljom-gadjao-suprugu-i-njene-roditelje/410193.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref> The weapon has also been used by organized crime; one such incident was a November 1999 assassination attempt in downtown [[Place:Zagreb|Zagreb]], when the projectile [[Physics:Ricochet|ricochet]]ed off the target's [[Engineering:Armored car (VIP)|armored car]] and killed an innocent bystander.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aimpress.ch/dyn/pubs/archive/data/200103/10323-005-pubs-zag.htm|title=Mafijaski obracun u središtu Zagreba|website=www.aimpress.ch|access-date=2018-01-07|archive-date=2018-01-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108063130/http://www.aimpress.ch/dyn/pubs/archive/data/200103/10323-005-pubs-zag.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Members of the Zemun Clan at one time considered using the M80 to attack the former Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić's motorcade.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.index.hr/clanak.aspx?id=247539|title=Grčka predala Srbiji optuženog za atentat na Đinđića|website=www.index.hr|access-date=2022-07-06|archive-date=2023-09-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925170720/https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/grcka-predala-srbiji-optuzenog-za-atentat-na-djindjica/247539.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sr.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B0|title=Priznanje Zvezdana Jovanovića — Викизворник|website=sr.wikisource.org|access-date=2022-07-06|archive-date=2022-07-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706124603/https://sr.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%97%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%88%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B%D0%B0|url-status=live}}</ref> Bosnian Serb mercenaries in Zaire used some M80s against Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo in 1997 during the first Congo War.<ref name="Zaire">{{cite book|chapter=The White Legion Abandons Zaire|title=Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts|first=Scott|last=Fitzsimmons|date=November 2012|isbn=9781107026919|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sZfGYsrEIBEC|page=264|publisher={{wipe|Cambridge University Press}}|doi=10.1017/CBO9781139208727.007|access-date=2018-10-04|archive-date=2023-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227185447/https://books.google.com/books?id=sZfGYsrEIBEC|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Specifications ==
===Launcher===
*'''Length''':
**Extended: 1,200&nbsp;mm.
**Closed: 800&nbsp;mm.
*'''Weight''':
**With rocket: 3&nbsp;kg.
**Without rocket: 1.58&nbsp;kg.
*'''Firing mechanism''': Percussion.
*'''Front sight''': reticle.
*'''Rear sight''': peep sight.

===Rocket===
*'''Caliber''': 64&nbsp;mm
*'''Length''': 664&nbsp;mm
*'''Weight''': 1.42&nbsp;kg
*'''Muzzle velocity''': 190&nbsp;m/s
*'''Minimum range (combat)''': 10&nbsp;m
*'''Maximum range''': 1,280&nbsp;m (3,300&nbsp;ft)
*'''Penetration''': 300&nbsp;mm

===Maximum effective range===
*'''Stationary target''': 220 m

==Operators==
[[File:M80 operators.png|thumb|400px|Map with M80 operators in blue and former operators in red]]

===Current operators===
*{{GEO}}
*{{INA}}<ref name ="sipri">{{cite book|url=http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/transfers/transparency/national_reports/serbia/SER_08.pdf/view |title=Annual Report on the Transfers of Controlled Goods in 2008 |page=56|author=Republic of Serbia: Ministry of Economy and of Regional Development|via= Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |accessdate=25 October 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221190408/http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/transfers/transparency/national_reports/serbia/SER_08.pdf/view |archivedate=21 December 2014}}</ref>
*{{MKD}}
*{{KOS}}
*{{MNE}}
*{{SRB}}<ref>{{cite web |title=UNROCA (United Nations Register of Conventional Arms) |url=https://www.unroca.org/serbia/report/2017/ |website=www.unroca.org |access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref>

===Former operators===
*{{BIH}} - Withdrawn from service,replaced by donated AT4's.
*{{CRO}} - Withdrawn from use, replaced by Swedish made AT4.
*{{SLO}} - Withdrawn from use, replaced by German made [[Engineering:MATADOR|MATADOR]].
*{{YUG}} - Passed on to successor states.
*{{flag|Zaire}}<ref name="Zaire"/>

==See also==
*[[Engineering:M72 LAW|M72 LAW]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.sloboda.co.rs/ Sloboda a.d. Čačak, Serbia]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100701215230/http://www.eurokompozit.com.mk/LAUNCHER/zolja/zolja-nova.htm Link to manufactures information page on M80 - Eurokompizit, Republic of Macedonia]


{{DEFAULTSORT:M-80 Zolja}}
[[Category:Anti-tank rockets]]

{{Sourceattribution|M80 Zolja}}