View source for Engineering:McKeen railmotor

{{Infobox train
| background = 
| name = McKeen Railmotor
| image = McKeen_railmotor_at_Wodonga.jpg
| imagesize = 
| caption = McKeen railmotor in Wodonga, Australia, 1911.
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| manufacturer = McKeen Company of Omaha, Nebraska, U.S.A.
| designer = McKeen Company
| assembly = 
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| family = 
| replaced = 
| yearconstruction = 1914
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| traction = 
| engine = [[Chemistry:Gasoline|Gasoline]]
| enginetype = Distillate fueled engine
| cylindercount = 6
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| poweroutput = {{convert|100|hp|kW|abbr=on}}
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| gauge = {{RailGauge|3ft6in}}, {{RailGauge|4ft8.5in}} and {{RailGauge|5ft3in}}
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The '''McKeen Railmotor''' was a 6-cylinder self-propelled railcar or railmotor. When McKeen Company of Omaha, Nebraska, {{wipe|United States}}, first unveiled the car in 1905, the McKeen was among the first engines with a [[Chemistry:Distillate (motor fuel)|distillate]]-fueled motor.<ref>O'Connell, J. (1954) ''Railroad Album: The Story of American Railroads in Words and Pictures.'' Popular Mechanics Press. p 79.</ref> Revisions to the McKeen car led to the modern self-propelled [[Chemistry:Gasoline|gasoline]] rail-motor vehicle, and the "contours of the porthole windows, the front-mounted gasoline engines, and other features anticipated the [[Engineering:Streamliner|streamline]] concept."<ref>Klein (1989) p 298 as cited in Grant, H.R. (2005) ''The Railroad: The Life Story of a Technology.'' Greenwood Press. p 83.</ref>

==Design==
William R. McKeen was the superintendent of motive power and machinery at [[Company:Union Pacific Railroad|Union Pacific Railroad]] in 1904 when Edward H. Harriman, the head of UP, began encouraging him to develop the machine. The result of his experiments that year was a "knife-nosed" or "windsplitter" unit that slightly resembled a [[Engineering:Submarine|submarine]] on wheels, having a distinctive pointed nose, a rounded rear end, center-entry doors and porthole windows. Two lengths, {{convert|55|and|70|ft|m}}, were offered, and both could be configured with either a large mail and express area ahead of the center doors, a smaller mail and express area, or fully fitted with seats, which provided a maximum passenger capacity of 64 or 105 respectively. Cheaper and more powerful than [[Physics:Battery (electricity)|battery]]-powered vehicles, the McKeen was more flexible than steam locomotives and could operate at competitive speeds.<ref>Grant, H.R. (2005) ''The Railroad: The Life Story of a Technology.'' Greenwood Press. p 83.</ref>

==In Service==
[[File:QR McKeen.jpg|thumb|Queensland Railways McKeen car, {{c.|1913}}]]
[[Image:McKeen car 2.jpg|thumb|A McKeen car belonging to the Los Angeles and San Diego Beach Railway, the "La Jolla Line".]]

===Canada===
Two McKeen cars were operated by the Alberta and Great Waterways Railway between Edmonton and Lac La Biche.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mckeencar.com/gallery/a/alberta-and-great-waterways-railway/ |title=Alberta and Great Waterways Railway |website=The McKeen Motor Car Company Historical Society}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://railways.library.ualberta.ca/Photos-11-6-4/ |title=Skunk Train on Great Waterways Railway, Lac La Biche |website=Atlas of Alberta Railways, University of Alberta Press}}</ref>

===United States===

The McKeen was popular from 1915 through the 1930s throughout the {{wipe|United States}}, and the cars were featured on the Union Pacific and the Southern Pacific.

===Victoria, Australia===
{{Infobox train
| background = 
| name = ABCL cars
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| manufacturer = Victorian Railways
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| carbody = Steel
| carlength = {{convert|66|ft|m|2|abbr=on}} over body<br> {{convert|69|ft|5+1/8|in|m|2|abbr=on}} over coupling points
| width = {{convert|9|ft|6|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|11|ft|9+3/16|in|m|2|abbr=on}}
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| weight = {{convert|24|lt|16|Lcwt|3|qtr|t|2|abbr=on}}
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| bogies = {{convert|40|ft|2|in|m|2|abbr=on}} centres<br> {{convert|9|ft|5|in|m|1|abbr=on}} former engineroom end bogie<br> {{convert|9|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} former passenger-end bogie<br> {{convert|44|ft|7|in|m|2|abbr=on}} total wheelbase.<ref>Bray, Vincent & Gregory, Steel & Special Coaching Stock of Victoria, 2009, {{ISBN|978-0-9775056-8-5}}, p.54</ref>
| brakes = 
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| gauge = {{Track gauge|5ft3in|lk=on}}
}}

Two McKeen railmotors were purchased by the Victorian Railways, and delivered in 1911. They were used to run the Ballarat to Maryborough and Hamilton to Warrnambool services, and briefly, between March and April 1913, the Maryborough to St Arnaud service.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10768770|title=Steam Car|publisher=The Argus|date=1913-02-28|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article10780474|title=New Steam Car|publisher=The Argus|date=1913-04-29|access-date=2018-01-26}}</ref>

The railmotors proved to be very unreliable, and only lasted for about three years as self-propelled vehicles. They were de-engined in 1919, and converted to passenger cars numbered as 1 & 2 ABCL, for use on the Altona line. They were scrapped in August 1926.

===Queensland, Australia===
In June 1911, Queensland Railways ordered five railcars from the McKeen Motor Co. at a cost of £4500 per unit. They were delivered in May 1913 and went into service with the running numbers one to five. The original seating capacity was 75, but that was later reduced to 69: 55 in the main section and 14 in the "smoker". The mechanical transmission proved to be unreliable and they were expensive to run, costing almost twice as much per mile as a steam-hauled passenger train.

By 1920, Car No 1 was out of commission. Cars No 2 and 5 were modified as Tourist or Day Inspection Cars, which included luxury appointments and seating for 32 passengers. All five units were written-off between 1929 and 1931, and were broken up soon after at the Ipswich workshops.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stubbs|first1=Greg|title=QR's Unusual McKeen Cars|url=http://www.rawsonplace.esmartdesign.com/notebook/335/notebook.htm|website=Commissioner's Notebook|access-date=2018-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070502221752/http://www.rawsonplace.esmartdesign.com/notebook/335/notebook.htm|archive-date=2007-05-02|date=2006-08-27}}</ref><ref>Knowles, John, '''''The McKeen Cars of Queensland''''', Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin, October 2002, pp. 363-371</ref>

==Withdrawal==

The Nevada State Railroad Museum completed the restoration of McKeen car, #22 of the Virginia and Truckee Railroad, a {{convert|70|ft|m|2|adj=on}} car by 05/09/2010. The original powerplant did not survive, but it was replaced with a modern engine and drive system to allow the car to transport visitors to the museum around its short track.

==Model Railways==

===HO Scale===
The McKeen motor car and trailer coach are offered as cast resin kits by Funaro & Camerlengo in Honesdale, Pennsylvania.

Historically McKeen motor cars were imported in brass by Ken Kidder (55' car, unpainted), LMB (55' car, unpainted), Overland Model Imports (OMI) (70' cars, unpainted and factory painted for various road names), and Precision Scale Company (PSC) of Hamilton, MT (70' cars, unpainted and factory painted for various road names). All these brass importer brands are now defunct. OMI and PSC also did import McKeen trailer coaches (painted and unpainted) as well. Only Ken Kidder had one run of McKeen motorcar with an operating flywheel. The rest of the HO models have the flywheel as static when operating the McKeen motorcar. Actual McKeen motorcar flywheels were always rotating (in motion) when the motor was operating, and in the direction the motor was running, even if the car was stopped, as the motor direction controlled the direction the motorcar operated.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* ''[http://www.mckeen.hobbiesplus.com.au/manual.html McKeen Rail Motor Cars Operating Manual]'' from Victorian Railways
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061216185636/http://www.rawsonplace.esmartdesign.com/notebook/335/mc%20keen.jpg Historic photo]

==See also==
* Lakeside and Marblehead Railroad
* Railroads in Omaha
* Victorian Railways
* [[Engineering:Weitzer railmotor|Weitzer railmotor]], Europe's first railmotor produced in considerable numbers, at the same time as the McKeen Railmotor.


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[[Category:Rolling stock innovations]]

{{Sourceattribution|McKeen railmotor}}